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ENGERIX-B (produced by GSK) and RECOMBIVAX HB (produced by merck) are two recombinant subunit vaccines licensed for the protection against hepatitis B. Both contain HBsAg harvested and purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and are formulated as a suspension of the antigen adjuvanted with alum.
Antibody concentration ≥... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The kinetic theory of gases deals not only with gases in thermodynamic equilibrium, but also very importantly with gases not in thermodynamic equilibrium. This means using Kinetic Theory to consider what are known as "transport properties", such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, mass diffusivity and thermal diffusion... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Hatta number (Ha) was developed by Shirôji Hatta (1895-1973 ) in 1932, who taught at Tohoku University from 1925 to 1958. It is a dimensionless parameter that compares the rate of reaction in a liquid film to the rate of diffusion through the film. For a second order reaction (), the maximum rate of reaction assume... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Structure-based virtual screening approach includes different computational techniques that consider the structure of the receptor that is the molecular target of the investigated active ligands. Some of these techniques include molecular docking, structure-based pharmacophore prediction, and molecular dynamics simula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In addition to various primary data formats (e.g. GPML, BioPAX, Reactome, KEGG, and RDF), WikiPathways supports a variety of ways to integrate and interact with pathway content. These include directed link-outs, image maps, RSS feeds and deep web services. This enables reuse in projects like COVID19 Disease Map.
WikiPa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Members of the HNF4 subfamily are nuclear receptors and bind to DNA either as homodimers or RXR heterodimers.
* HNF4α/TCF14/MODY1
* HNF4γ | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A run to be inspected will either start from an access pipe leading at an angle down to the sewer and then run downstream to a manhole, or will run between manholes.
The service truck is parked above the access point of the pipe. The camera tractor, with a flexible cable attached to the rear, is then lowered into the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Proteins or polypeptides are polymers of amino acids. A protein is created by ribosomes that "read" RNA that is encoded by codons in the gene and assemble the requisite amino acid combination from the genetic instruction, in a process known as translation. The newly created protein strand then undergoes posttranslation... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Positive charges of soil minerals can retain anions by the same principle as cation exchange. The surfaces of kaolinite, allophane and iron and aluminium oxides often carry positive charges. In most soils the cation-exchange capacity is much greater than the anion-exchange capacity, but the opposite can occur in highly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Homing endonucleases differ from Type II restriction enzymes in the several respects:
* Whereas Type II restriction enzymes bind short, usually symmetric, recognition sequences of 4 to 8 bp, homing endonucleases bind very long and in many cases asymmetric recognition sequences spanning 12 to 40 bp.
* Homing endonucleas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While teaching chemistry in Riga Polytechnic Institute, Wilhelm Ostwald became convinced that certain reactions could only be explained in terms of energy, without the need of invoking the hypothesis of the existence of atoms. He was inspired by Josiah Willard Gibbs's work on thermodynamics. During an inaugural lecture... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Sheild Professorship of Pharmacology is the senior professorship in pharmacology at the University of Cambridge. It is named in honour of Marmaduke Sheild.
The position was originally established on 7 June 1946 as a personal chair for the tenure of Ernest Basil Verney. On 11 March 1961 the professorship was re-esta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In this effort one of strychnine's many degradation products was synthesised first (the relay compound), a compound also available in several steps from another degradation product called the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde. In the final leg strychnine itself was synthesised from the relay compound. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Various degrees of hypothermia may be deliberately induced in medicine for purposes of treatment of brain injury, or lowering metabolism so that total brain ischemia can be tolerated for a short time. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is a medical technique in which the brain is cooled as low as 10 °C, which allows t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enalapril has an L-proline moiety as a part of the molecule which is responsible for the oral bioavailability of the drug. It is a pro-drug, which means that it exerts its function after being metabolized. The "-OCH2CH3" part of the molecule will split during the metabolism and at the carbon will be a carboxylate, whic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanocomposite hydrogels (NC gels) are nanomaterial-filled, hydrated, polymeric networks that exhibit higher elasticity and strength relative to traditionally made hydrogels. A range of natural and synthetic polymers are used to design nanocomposite network. By controlling the interactions between nanoparticles and poly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many alkoxides can be prepared by anodic dissolution of the corresponding metals in water-free alcohols in the presence of electroconductive additive. The metals may be Co, Ga, Ge, Hf, Fe, Ni, Nb, Mo, La, Re, Sc, Si, Ti, Ta, W, Y, Zr, etc. The conductive additive may be lithium chloride, quaternary ammonium halide, or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Robert Bob Ramage FRS (4 October 1935 — 16 October 2019) was an organic chemist, born in Glasgow, who specialised in the synthesis and biosynthesis of natural products, peptides, and proteins.
Following his undergraduate degree in chemistry and the University of Glasgow, he stayed on for a PhD in organic chemistry. Aft... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Sweden, it is legal to produce fermented water and there is no upper limit on the alcohol volume produced from the yeast. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The deuteron has spin +1 ("triplet state") and is thus a boson. The NMR frequency of deuterium is significantly different from common light hydrogen. Infrared spectroscopy also easily differentiates many deuterated compounds, due to the large difference in IR absorption frequency seen in the vibration of a chemical bon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Auer von Welsbach then started work on development of metal-filament mantles, first with platinum wiring, and then osmium. Osmium is very difficult to work with, but he developed a new method, which mixed osmium oxide powder with rubber or sugar into a paste, which is then squeezed through a nozzle and fired. The paste... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Permanent mold casting is a metal casting process that employs reusable molds ("permanent molds"), usually made from metal. The most common process uses gravity to fill the mold. However, gas pressure or a vacuum are also used. A variation on the typical gravity casting process, called slush casting, produces hollow ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Catalytic triads perform covalent catalysis via an acyl-enzyme intermediate. If this intermediate is resolved by water, the result is hydrolysis of the substrate. However, if the intermediate is resolved by attack by a second substrate, then the enzyme acts as a transferase. For example, attack by an acyl group results... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Flettner rotor is a smooth cylinder with disc end plates which is spun along its long axis and, as air passes at right angles across it, the Magnus effect causes an aerodynamic force to be generated in the direction perpendicular to both the long axis and the direction of airflow. The rotor sail is named after the Ge... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organosulfur chemistry, a thioketal is the sulfur analogue of a ketal (), with one of the oxygen replaced by sulfur (as implied by the thio- prefix), giving the structure . A dithioketal has both oxygens replaced by sulfur ().
Thioketals can be obtained by reacting ketones () or aldehydes () with thiols ().
An oxida... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The members of the LDLR family are characterized by distinct functional domains present in characteristic numbers. These modules are:
* LDL receptor type A (LA) repeats of 40 residues each, displaying a triple-disulfide-bond-stabilized negatively charged surface; certain head-to-tail combinations of these repeats are b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The discovery of X‑rays by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895 led to widespread experimentation by scientists, physicians, and inventors. Many people began recounting stories of burns, hair loss and worse in technical journals as early as 1896. In February of that year, Professor Daniel and Dr. Dudley of Vanderbilt University per... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* 24 August 2007: A large buildup of sea foam occurred on the coast of Yamba, northern New South Wales.
* January–February 2008: Sea foam occurrences at Caloundra and Point Cartwright on Queensland's Sunshine Coast attracted world-wide media attention.
* December 2011: The coast road at Cleveleys, Lancashire was swampe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chromosome jumping enables two ends of a DNA sequence to be cloned without the middle section. Genomic DNA may be partially digested using restriction endonuclease and with the aid of DNA ligase, the fragments are circularized at low concentration. From a known sequence, a primer is designed to sequence across the circ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Delayed tissue injury with impaired wound healing capability often develops after receiving doses in excess of 65 Gy. A diffuse injury pattern due to the external beam radiotherapys holographic isodosing occurs. While the targeted tumor receives the majority of radiation, healthy tissue at incremental distances from th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The high intensity of the Jameson Cell means that it is much shorter than conventional column flotation cells (see Figure 1), and it does not require air compressors to aerate the suspension of ground ore particles and water (known as a slurry or pulp) in the flotation cell. The lack of a requirement for compressed air... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1978, David J. Galas and Albert Schmitz developed the DNA footprinting technique to study the binding specificity of the lac repressor protein. It was originally a modification of the Maxam-Gilbert chemical sequencing technique. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Evekeo is an FDA-approved medication that contains racemic amphetamine sulfate (i.e., 50% levoamphetamine sulfate and 50% dextroamphetamine sulfate). It is approved for the treatment of narcolepsy, ADHD, and exogenous obesity. The orally disintegrating tablets are approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The period of the iconoclasts synchronised with the reign of the Frankish emperor Charlemagne, whose power was felt throughout western Europe. Some of the craftsmen who were forced to leave Byzantium were welcomed by him in his capitals of Cologne and Aix-la-Chapelle and their influence was also felt in France. Another... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion is a faecal sludge treatment design concept that uses the nutrients in the sludge and the metabolic heat of the bacteria to create high temperatures in the aerobic digester. This gradually shifts the microbial community towards thermophilic at temperatures typically at 55-degr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1946 or 1947, Weeks began collaborating with Charles A. Browne on a retrospective history of the American Chemical Society. Browne was responsible for the structure of the project and the first nine chapters. After Brownes death in 1947, Weeks brought the project to completion, and A History of the American Chemical... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Medical devices are classified by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under three different classes depending on the risks the medical device may impose on the user. According to 21CFR 860.3, Class I devices are considered to pose the least amount of risk to the user and require the least amount of control. Class... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Compounds where phosphorus exists in a formal oxidation state of less than III are uncommon, but examples are known for each class. Organophosphorus(0) species are debatably illustrated by the carbene adducts, [P(NHC)], where NHC is an N-heterocyclic carbene. With the formulae (RP) and (RP), respectively, compounds of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Panel edge staining is a naturally occurring problem that occurs to anodized aluminium and stainless steel panelling and façades. It is semi-permanent staining that dulls the panel or façade's surface (in particular the edges of the panelling), reducing the natural lustre and shine produced by the anodizing processes ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Animal based approaches to phenotypic screening are not as amenable to screening libraries containing thousands of small molecules. Therefore, these approaches have found more utility in evaluating already approved drugs or late stage drug candidates for drug repositioning.
A number of companies including Melior Disco... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jeewanu (Sanskrit for "particles of life") are synthetic chemical particles that possess cell-like structure and seem to have some functional properties; that is, they are a model of primitive cells, or protocells. It was first synthesised by Krishna Bahadur (20 January 1926 — 5 August 1994), an Indian chemist and his ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Apparatus and technological support of the method is constantly developed. An NMR relaxometer is a device for relaxation time measuring. Laboratory NMR relaxometers for NMR signal registration are available in small sizes.
In NMR relaxometry (NMRR) only one specific NMRR parameter is measured, not the whole spect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "topochemistry" was first introduced by Kohlschütter in 1919, referring to the chemical reactions driven by the molecular alignments within the crystal. The prefix "topo" came from the Greek word "topos", which means "site". These reactions quickly draw people's attention because of their high conversion as w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cycloisomerization is any isomerization in which the cyclic isomer of the substrate is produced in the reaction coordinate. The greatest advantage of cycloisomerization reactions is its atom economical nature, by design nothing is wasted, as every atom in the starting material is present in the product. In most cases t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first paper describing TILLING used HPLC to identify mutations (McCallum et al., 2000a). The method was made more high throughput by using the restriction enzyme Cel-I combined with the LICOR gel based system to identify mutations (Colbert et al.,2001). Advantages to using this system are that mutation sites can ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfur tetrafluoride is the premier example of a molecule with the disphenoidal molecular geometry (see image at upper right). The following compounds and ions have disphenoidal geometry:
*SF
*SeF
*IOF
*TeF
*XeOF
*SCl | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The restriction modification system (RM system) is found in bacteria and other prokaryotic organisms, and provides a defense against foreign DNA, such as that borne by bacteriophages.
Bacteria have restriction enzymes, also called restriction endonucleases, which cleave double-stranded DNA at specific points into fragm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many synthetic molecular knots have a distinct globular shape and dimensions that make them potential building blocks in nanotechnology. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A heated probe tip version of Dip Pen Lithography has also been demonstrated, thermal Dip Pen Lithography (tDPL), to deposit nanoparticles. Semiconductor, magnetic, metallic, or optically active nanoparticles can be written to a substrate via this method. The particles are suspended in a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Scientists associated with the initial development of recombinant DNA methods recognized that the potential existed for organisms containing recombinant DNA to have undesirable or dangerous properties. At the 1975 Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA, these concerns were discussed and a voluntary moratorium on recomb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
S-Adenosylmethioninamine is a substrate that is required for the biosynthesis of polyamines including spermidine, spermine, and thermospermine. It is produced by decarboxylation of S-adenosyl methionine. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Repeat Associated Non-AUG translation, or RAN translation, is an irregular mode of mRNA translation that can occur in eukaryotic cells. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biologists have not always viewed the Müllerian mechanism as mimicry, both because the term was strongly associated with Batesian mimicry, and because no deceit was involved—unlike the situation in Batesian mimicry, the aposematic signals given by Müllerian mimics are (unconsciously) honest. Earlier terms, no longer in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Z-Cote was acquired from SunSmart in 1999 by BASF. It has been used in sunscreen formulations since at least 1993 in microfine form. The initial 1991 Z-Cote patent placed emphasis on broad-spectrum protection, especially UVA. Only in 1993 did the FDA approve an alternative petrochemical sunscreen ingredient, avobenzone... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Green Revolution of the 1960s and 70s introduced sturdier plants that could support the heavier grain loads resulting from intensive fertilizer use. Pesticide imports by 11 Southeast Asian countries grew nearly sevenfold in value between 1990 and 2010, according to FAO statistics, with disastrous results. Rice farm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For some polyprotic acids, dissociation (or association) occurs at more than one nonequivalent site, and the observed macroscopic equilibrium constant, or macro-constant, is a combination of micro-constants involving distinct species. When one reactant forms two products in parallel, the macro-constant is a sum of two ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Acidic polysaccharides are polysaccharides that contain carboxyl groups, phosphate groups and/or sulfuric ester groups.
Polysaccharides containing sulfate groups can be isolated from algae or obtained by chemical modification.
Polysaccharides are major classes of biomolecules. They are long chains of carbohydrate molec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For defensive purposes, navies use arrays of magnetometers laid across sea floors in strategic locations (i.e. around ports) to monitor submarine activity. The Russian Alfa-class titanium submarines were designed and built at great expense to thwart such systems (as pure titanium is non-magnetic).
Military submarines a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The charge transfer coefficient signifies the fraction of the interfacial potential at an electrode-electrolyte interface that helps in lowering the free energy barrier for the electrochemical reaction. The electroactive ion present in the interfacial region experiences the interfacial potential and electrostatic work ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Among different possibilities to measure the effect on the magnet system, it has been successfully applied those based on the measurement of the deflection of a parallel spring under an applied force. Firstly using a strain gauge and then recording the deflection of a quartz spring with an interferometer, in whose case... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CMF has been tested against larger-caliber armour-piercing rounds. S-S CMF panels were manufactured and paired with a ceramic faceplate and aluminium backplate. The layered hard armours were tested against .50 BMG ball and AP rounds at a range of impact velocities. The mild steel cores of the ball rounds penetrated one... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GUIDE-Seq has been shown to miss some off-targets, when compared to the genome-wide sequencing DIGENOME-Seq method, due to the nature of its targeting. Another caveat is that GUIDE-Seq has been observed to generate slightly different off-target sites depending on the cell line. This could be due to cell lines having di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Palladacycles are used as pre-catalysts, usually by the reductive elimination from palladium(II) to the catalytically active palladium(0). In the example of 2-aminobiphenyl palladacycles, a kinetically active 12-electrons Pd(0) species is formed, allowing for further oxidative addition with reactants. A series of 2-ami... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1958, the Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute (CPHERI) was established. It was created by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). In 1974, after participating in the "United Nations Inter-Governmental Conference on Human Environment" and with its renaming by Prime Minister Indira G... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iron is stored as iron(III) in ferritin. The exact nature of the binding site has not yet been determined. The iron appears to be present as a hydrolysis product such as FeO(OH). Iron is transported by transferrin whose binding site consists of two tyrosines, one aspartic acid and one histidine. The human body has no m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry, a rate-limiting step is a step that controls the rate of a series of biochemical reactions. The statement is, however, a misunderstanding of how a sequence of enzyme catalyzed reaction steps operate. Rather than a single step controlling the rate, it has been discovered that multiple steps control the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Skunk is a malodorant, non-lethal weapon used for crowd control by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and marketed to militaries and law enforcement around the world. It was developed and is manufactured by Odortec, with two supporting companies, Man and Beit-Alfa Technologies. The liquid's strong odor is marketed as an i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oceanic anoxic events have had many important consequences. It is believed that they have been responsible for mass extinctions of marine organisms both in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. The early Toarcian and Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic events correlate with the Toarcian and Cenomanian-Turonian extinction events of mostly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2008, Alpert coined the term, ERLIC (electrostatic repulsion hydrophilic interaction chromatography), for HILIC separations where an ionic column surface chemistry is used to repel a common ionic polar group on an analyte or within a set of analytes, to facilitate separation by the remaining polar groups. Electrosta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Now consider the case of a chain of two decays: one nuclide decaying into another by one process, then decaying into another by a second process, i.e. . The previous equation cannot be applied to the decay chain, but can be generalized as follows. Since decays into , then decays into , the activity of adds to th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The oxidative addition of MeI to Ir(I) complexes was shown to proceed about 100 times faster with a hemilabile phosphane ligand compared to a very similar non-labile ligand.
* Hydrovinylation (olefin dimerisation), which is typically difficult to carry out enantioselectively, has been shown to proceed with high enant... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sponge iron is not useful by itself, but can be processed to create wrought iron or steel. The sponge is removed from the furnace, called a bloomery, and repeatedly beaten with heavy hammers and folded over to remove the slag, oxidize any carbon or carbide, and weld the iron together. This treatment usually creates wro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2002 he received the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology. In 2011 he was awarded the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology. He also received the Orders of the Red Banner of Labour (1986), Honour (1999) and Friendship (2009).
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The surface advances by the lateral motion of steps which are one interplanar spacing in height (or some integral multiple thereof). An element of surface undergoes no change and does not advance normal to itself except during the passage of a step, and then it advances by the step height. It is useful to consider the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Non-specific binding of primers frequently occurs and may occur for several reasons. These include repeat sequences in the DNA template, non-specific binding between primer and template, high or low G-C content in the template, or incomplete primer binding, leaving the 5' end of the primer unattached to the template. N... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ferrosilicon is used as a source of silicon to reduce metals from their oxides and to deoxidize steel and other ferrous alloys. This prevents the loss of carbon from the molten steel (so called blocking the heat); ferromanganese, spiegeleisen, calcium silicides, and many other materials are used for the same purpose. I... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Walter Cox McCrone Jr. (June 9, 1916July 10, 2002) was an American chemist who worked extensively on applications of polarized light microscopy and is sometimes characterized as the "father of modern microscopy". He was also an expert in electron microscopy, crystallography, ultra-microanalysis, and particle identific... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Avian myotubes: highly contractile skeletal myotubes cultured and differentiated in vitro on collagen-coated culture plates
* Cultured Meat (CM): cultured, cell based, lab grown, in vitro, clean meat obtained through cellular agriculture
* Human Bio-Artificial Muscle (BAM): formed through a seven day, in vitro tissue... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A prefix di-, tri- etc. is added to the parent hydride name. Examples are:
*HOOH, dioxidane (hydrogen peroxide is an acceptable name)
*HPPH, diphosphane
*HSiSiHSiHSiH, tetrasilane | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Kastle–Meyer test is a presumptive blood test, first described in 1903, in which the chemical indicator phenolphthalein is used to detect the possible presence of hemoglobin. It relies on the peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin in blood to catalyze the oxidation of phenolphthalin (the colorless reduced form of p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Parts-per notation is often used describing dilute solutions in chemistry, for instance, the relative abundance of dissolved minerals or pollutants in water. The quantity "1 ppm" can be used for a mass fraction if a water-borne pollutant is present at one-millionth of a gram per gram of sample solution. When working wi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SH2 (Src Homology 2) domain is a structurally conserved protein domain contained within the Src oncoprotein and in many other intracellular signal-transducing proteins. SH2 domains bind to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on other proteins, modifying the function or activity of the SH2-containing protein. The SH2 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jet aerators do not require any external air source (i.e. compressor), except for the surrounding atmosphere. Jet aerators can be installed either as submersible units or piped through the tank wall using an external dry-installed chopper pump to feed the aspirating ejector(s). Jet aerators are easily configured into a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
"Hairs" on plants are properly called trichomes. Leaves can show several degrees of hairiness. The meaning of several of the following terms can overlap.
;Arachnoid, or arachnose: With many fine, entangled hairs giving a cobwebby appearance.
;Barbellate: With finely barbed hairs (barbellae).
;Bearded: With long, stiff ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the medical field, experiments are done to test for the uses of cell-cell fusogens in axonal nerve repairs and to determine their usefulness with other nerve cells. The current method for nerve repair is suturing the cut ends of nerves. This has a long recovery process, with a low functionality rate for the repaired... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An interest in the natural world, combined with the logic of science and math, attracted Lynch-Stieglitz to science and after a summer at the Duke University Marine Laboratory she decided on a career in physical oceanography. In 1986, she earned B.S. degrees in physics and geology from Duke University and for two years... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Fick's original method, the following variables are measured:
* V̇O, oxygen consumption in ml of pure gaseous oxygen per minute. This may be measured using a spirometer within a closed rebreathing circuit incorporating a CO absorber
* C, the oxygen content of blood taken from the pulmonary vein (representing oxygena... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Marine carbon is further separated into particulate and dissolved phases. These pools are operationally defined by physical separation – dissolved carbon passes through a 0.2 μm filter, and particulate carbon does not.
There are two main types of inorganic carbon that are found in the oceans:
* Dissolved inorganic car... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Overhauser effect magnetometer or Overhauser magnetometer uses the same fundamental effect as the proton precession magnetometer to take measurements. By adding free radicals to the measurement fluid, the nuclear Overhauser effect can be exploited to significantly improve upon the proton precession magnetometer. Ra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PDE5 is an enzyme that was first purified in 1980 from a rats lung. PDE5 converts intracellular cGMP to the nucleotide GMP. Many tissues contain PDE5, such as lungs, kidneys, brain, platelets, liver, prostate, urethra, bladder and smooth muscles. Because of the localization of PDE5 in the smooth muscle tissue, inhibito... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Born in Kalmar, Mosander attended school there until he moved to Stockholm with his mother in 1809. In Stockholm, he became an apprentice at the Ugglan pharmacy. He took his pharmacy examination in 1817, but had an interest in medicine and joined the Karolinska Institute in 1820. He passed his medical examination in 1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
3′-UTR mutations can be very consequential because one alteration can be responsible for the altered expression of many genes. Transcriptionally, a mutation may affect only the allele and genes that are physically linked. However, since 3′-UTR binding proteins also function in the processing and nuclear export of mRNA,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rasagiline (Azilect, Azipron) is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-B used as a monotherapy to treat symptoms in early Parkinson's disease or as an adjunct therapy in more advanced cases.
The racemic form of the drug was invented by Aspro Nicholas in the early 1970s. Moussa B.H. Youdim identified it as a po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 1960s, Arthur C. Cope and Robert W. Siekman reported the cyclopalladation reaction between aromatic azobenzenes and palladium(II) dichloride. The potential of palladacycles as catalysts was highlighted by Herrmann's catalyst in 1990s. Derivatives of tris(o-tolyl)phosphine proved effective in Heck reactions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A cDNA library is a collection of expressed DNA genes that are seen as a useful reference tool in gene identification and cloning processes. cDNA libraries are constructed from mRNA using RNA-dependent DNA polymerase reverse transcriptase (RT), which transcribes an mRNA template into DNA. Therefore, a cDNA library can ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several hundred metals, compounds, alloys and ceramics possess the property of superconductivity at low temperatures. The SU(2) color quark matter adjoins the list of superconducting systems. Although it is a mathematical abstraction, its properties are believed to be closely related to the SU(3)
color quark matter, w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2, also known as CRTC2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CRTC2 gene. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The model organism C. elegans is well studied; solid glycobiological literature have provided insights on the nematodal N-glycosylation machinery which shares many traits with other eukaryotic species. C. elegans is known to produce paucimannosidic proteins via a GnT-I-dependent route in which GnT-I firstly produces Gl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phycobilins are a third group of pigments found in cyanobacteria, and glaucophyte, red algal, and cryptophyte chloroplasts. Phycobilins come in all colors, though phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes many red algae red. Phycobilins often organize into relatively large protein complexes about 40 nanometers a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry (also known as AP Chem) is a course and examination offered by the College Board as a part of the Advanced Placement Program to give American and Canadian high school students the opportunity to demonstrate their abilities and earn college-level credits at certain colleges and universi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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