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In these processes, the ore is fed into a tank, where it remains until it is completely reduced. The vessel is then emptied of its pre-reduced ore, and filled with another charge of untreated ore. These processes can therefore be easily extrapolated from laboratory experiments. What's more, their principle, based on ba... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Early studies showed that, when inflammation is induced, the affected organ unexpectedly develops an enormous capacity to generate prostaglandins. It was demonstrated that the increase is due to de novo synthesis of fresh enzyme. In 1991, during the investigation of the expression of early-response genes in fibroblasts... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends using CHNO as the experimental standard; however in practice many spectroscopists utilize pressurized NH(l) instead. For N, chemical shifts referenced with NH(l) are 380.5 ppm upfield from CHNO (δNON are somewhat erratic but typically they span a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Studies in female pregnant rats have shown minor fetal skeletal abnormalities when given maximum recommended human doses of levetiracetam orally throughout pregnancy and lactation.
Studies were conducted to look for increased adverse effects in the elderly population as compared to younger patients. One such study publ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Orientation-Cum-Selection-Camp (OCSC), Chemistry, consists of rigorous training and testing in theory and experiment. The top four performers here are selected to represent India in the International Chemistry Olympiad. Before the INChO, the selected team undergoes rigorous training in theory and experiments in a P... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sarfati was a founder of the Wellington Christian Apologetics Society in New Zealand, and has long retained an interest in Christian apologetics and the creation–evolution controversy. His first two books, Refuting Evolution in 1999, and Refuting Evolution 2 in 2002, are intended as rebuttals to the National Academy of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although migration of cells was detected from the early days of the development of microscopy by Leeuwenhoek, a Caltech lecture regarding chemotaxis propounds that erudite description of chemotaxis was only first made by T. W. Engelmann (1881) and W. F. Pfeffer (1884) in bacteria, and H. S. Jennings (1906) in ciliates.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dr. Gofman earned his medical degree from the University of California, San Francisco, in 1946. After that, he and his collaborators investigated the body's lipoproteins, which contain both proteins and fats, and their circulation within the bloodstream. The researchers described low-density and high-density lipoprotei... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vector gauge theories with massless Dirac fermion fields exhibit chiral symmetry, i.e., rotating the left-handed and the right-handed components independently makes no difference to the theory. We can write this as the action of rotation on the fields:
: and
or
: and
With flavors, we have unitary rotations... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DNAzymes have found practical use in metal biosensors. A DNAzyme based biosensor for lead ion was used to detect lead ion in water in St. Paul Public Schools in Minnesota. Furthermore, DNAzymes have been used in combination of aptamers and nucleic acid bioreceptors for the development of a multiplex bioassay. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electroreflectance (also: electromodulated reflectance) is the change of reflectivity of a solid due to the influence of an electric field close to, or at the interface of the solid with a liquid. The change in reflectivity is most noticeable at very specific ranges of photon energy, corresponding to the band gaps at c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Warren Richard Roper FRS FRSNZ FNZIC (born 1938) is a New Zealand chemist and Emeritus Professor at the University of Auckland.
Roper was educated at Nelson College from 1952 to 1956, and was dux in his final year. He then studied chemistry at the University of Canterbury, and undertook his PhD under the supervision of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tartaric acid and its derivatives have a plethora of uses in the field of pharmaceuticals. For example, it has been used in the production of effervescent salts, in combination with citric acid, to improve the taste of oral medications. The potassium antimonyl derivative of the acid known as tartar emetic is included, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Owing to the simple preparative accessibility, the uncritical behavior at temperatures below 80 °C and in particular because of the high yields and the low racemization of the peptides obtained, ethyl cyanohydroxyiminoacetate has now become widely used as an additive in peptide syntheses.
Ethyl cyanohydroxyiminoacetate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rhabdoviruses are a diverse family of single stranded, negative sense RNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, from plants and insects, to fish and mammals. The Rhaboviridae family consists of six genera, two of which, cytorhabdoviruses and nucleorhabdoviruses, only infect plants. Novirhabdoviruses infect fish, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Both acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate are acidic, and, if levels of these ketone bodies are too high, the pH of the blood drops, resulting in ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis is known to occur in untreated type I diabetes (see diabetic ketoacidosis) and in alcoholics after prolonged binge-drinking without intake of suff... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The usage of passive daytime radiative cooling in fabrics to regulate body temperatures during extreme heat is in research and development. While other fabrics are useful for heat accumulation, they "may lead to heat stroke in hot weather." Zeng et al. states that "incorporating passive radiative cooling structures int... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aluminium foam sandwich (AFS) is a sandwich panel product which is made of two metallic dense face sheets and a metal foam core made of an aluminium alloy. AFS is an engineering structural material owing to its stiffness-to-mass ratio and energy absorption capacity ideal for application such as the shell of a high-spee... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Imperfect inverted repeats can lead to mutations through intrastrand and interstrand switching. The antithrombin III gene's coding region is an example of an imperfect inverted repeat as shown in the figure on the right.
The stem-loop structure forms with a bump at the bottom because the G and T do not pair up. A stra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Isotope biogeochemistry has been used to investigate the timeline surrounding life and its earliest iterations on Earth. Isotopic fingerprints typical of life, preserved in sediments, have been used to suggest, but do not necessarily prove, that life was already in existence on Earth by 3.85 billion years ago.
Sulfur i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The veterinary doctor Maurice Crowther Hall (1881-1938) discovered in 1921 that carbon tetrachloride was incredibly effective as an anthelminthic in eradicating hookworm via ingestion. In one of the clinical trials of carbon tetrachloride, it was tested on criminals to determine its safety for use in human beings. Begi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An example of this is the Coulter counter, which measures the momentary changes in the conductivity of a liquid passing through an orifice that take place when individual non-conducting particles pass through. The particle count is obtained by counting pulses. This pulse is proportional to the volume of the sensed part... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to a reduction in the rate of protein synthesis, it appears that some species of hypoxia-tolerant fish conserve energy by employing Hochachka's ion channel arrest hypothesis. This hypothesis makes two predictions:
# Hypoxia-tolerant animals naturally have low membrane permeabilities
# Membrane permeability... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*ENCODE Project: [http://dnase.genome.duke.edu/ Regulatory Elements DB]
*Plant DHSs : [http://plantdhs.org/ PlantDHS] | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cyclohexylthiophthalimide (abbreviated CTP) is an organosulfur compound that is used in production of rubber. It is a white solid, although commercial samples often appear yellow. It features the sulfenamide functional group, being a derivative of phthalimide and cyclohexanethiol. In the production of synthetic rubb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In solid-state NMR spectroscopy, magic-angle spinning (MAS) is a technique routinely used to produce better resolution NMR spectra. MAS NMR consists in spinning the sample (usually at a frequency of 1 to 130 kHz) at the magic angle θ (ca. 54.74°, where cosθ=1/3) with respect to the direction of the magnetic field.
Thre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Physical biochemistry is a branch of biochemistry that deals with the theory, techniques, and methodology used to study the physical chemistry of biomolecules.
It also deals with the mathematical approaches for the analysis of biochemical reaction and the modelling of biological systems. It provides insight into the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levosalbutamol, also known as levalbuterol, is a short-acting β adrenergic receptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Evidence is inconclusive regarding the efficacy of levosalbutamol versus salbutamol or salbutamol-levosalbutamol combinations, though levosalbutam... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biogasoline is gasoline produced from biomass. Like traditionally produced gasoline, it contains between 6 (hexane) and 12 (dodecane) carbon atoms per molecule and can be used in internal-combustion engines. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The roots of the term absorbance are in the Beer–Lambert law. As light moves through a medium, it will become dimmer as it is being "extinguished". Bouguer recognized that this extinction (now often called attenuation) was not linear with distance traveled through the medium, but related by what we now refer to as an e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fossil footprints made by tetrapod vertebrates are difficult to identify to a particular species of animal, but they can provide valuable information such as the speed, weight, and behavior of the organism that made them. Such trace fossils are formed when amphibians, reptiles, mammals, or birds walked across soft (pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Luminol: 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4 ; 3-amino-phthalhydrazide ; 1,4-phthalazinedione, 5-amino-2,3-dihydro ; CAS: [521-31-3]HNO – MW: 177.16 (in 0.1 N NaOH) λ 1 : 347 nm & λ 2 : 300 nm; EC (at λ 1): 7650 L/mol × cm / λ (MeOH): 355/413 nm
* Luminol, sodium salt: sodium 3-amino-phthalhydrazide; CAS: [20666-12-0]HNONa – MW:... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hansgirg was born in Graz, Austria in 1891 and received a PhD degree in chemistry from the University of Graz. He was married to Josephine Marie (née Heller). Heller's son from her first marriage, Peter Robert Hofstätter, graduated from the University of Vienna, and served as a military psychologist in the German army ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Exemestane, sold under the brand name Aromasin among others, is a medication used to treat breast cancer. It is a member of the class of antiestrogens known as aromatase inhibitors. Some breast cancers require estrogen to grow. Those cancers have estrogen receptors (ERs), and are called ER-positive. They may also be ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many decarboxylative cross coupling reactions involve the breaking of C–COOH bonds, therefore subsequent studies have attempted to enable cross coupling with </sub>C carboxylic acids. One such reaction by Shang et al. described a palladium catalyzed cross coupling that enables the formation of functionalized pyridines,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Numerous niche applications exploit the intense color of MG. It is used as a biological stain for microscopic analysis of cell biology and tissue samples. In the Gimenez staining method, basic fuchsin stains bacteria red or magenta, and malachite green is used as a blue-green counterstain. Malachite green is also used ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following table lists historical approximations to the Colebrook–White relation for pressure-driven flow. Churchill equation (1977) is the only equation that can be evaluated for very slow flow (Reynolds number < 1), but the Cheng (2008), and Bellos et al. (2018) equations also return an approximately correct value... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The carbon center of a nitrile is electrophilic, hence it is susceptible to nucleophilic addition reactions:
* with an organozinc compound in the Blaise reaction
* with alcohols in the Pinner reaction.
* with amines, e.g. the reaction of the amine sarcosine with cyanamide yields creatine
* Nitriles react in Friedel–Cra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Psychrophiles include bacteria, lichens, snow algae, phytoplankton, fungi, and insects.
Among the bacteria that can tolerate extreme cold are Arthrobacter sp., Psychrobacter sp. and members of the genera Halomonas, Pseudomonas, Hyphomonas, and Sphingomonas. Another example is Chryseobacterium greenlandensis, a psychrop... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the original work of Taylor and Green, a particular flow is analyzed in three spatial dimensions, with the three velocity components at time specified by
The continuity equation determines that . The small time behavior of the flow is then found through simplification of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Improvements can be divided into those that are aimed at improving the flow of the river, particularly in flood conditions, and those that aim to hold back the flow, primarily for navigation purposes, although power generation is often an important factor. The former is known in the US as channelization and the latter ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An orifice plate is a plate with a hole through it, placed perpendicular to the flow; it constricts the flow, and measuring the pressure differential across the constriction gives the flow rate. It is basically a crude form of Venturi meter, but with higher energy losses. There are three type of orifice: concentric, ec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some gourmets believe sea salt tastes better and has a better texture than ordinary table salt. In applications that retain sea salt's coarser texture, it can provide a different mouthfeel, and may change flavor due to its different rate of dissolution. The mineral content also affects the taste. The colors and variet... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By using exome sequencing, fixed-cost studies can sequence samples to much higher depth than could be achieved with whole genome sequencing. This additional depth makes exome sequencing well suited to several applications that need reliable variant calls. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term cryostasis was introduced to name the reversible preservation technology for live biological objects which is based on using clathrate-forming gaseous substances under increased hydrostatic pressure and hypothermic temperatures.
Living tissues cooled below the freezing point of water are damaged by the dehydra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The General Conference of the IIR defines the general policy of the IIR and convenes once every four years during its international congress. It includes representatives appointed by member countries.
The General Conference elects the president and vice-presidents of the executive committee. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phase-boundary catalytic (PBC) systems can be contrasted with conventional catalytic systems. PBC is primarily applicable to reactions at the interface of an aqueous phase and organic phase. In these cases, an approach such as PBC is needed due to the immiscibility of aqueous phases with most organic substrate. In PBC,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NacNac is a class of anionic bidentate ligands. 1,3-Diketimines are often referred to as "HNacNac", a modification of the abbreviation Hacac used for 1,3-diketones. These species can exist as a mixture of tautomers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite the fact that the radioactive isotopes mentioned above are now effectively extinct, the record of their existence is found in their decay products and are very useful to geologists who wish to use them as geochronometers. Their usefulness derives from a few factors such as the fact that their short half-lives p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While relative entropy is a statistical distance, it is not a metric on the space of probability distributions, but instead it is a divergence. While metrics are symmetric and generalize linear distance, satisfying the triangle inequality, divergences are asymmetric in general and generalize squared distance, in some c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sapropels have been recorded in the Mediterranean sediments since the closure of the Eastern Tethys Ocean 13.5 million years ago. The formation of sapropel events in the Mediterranean Sea occurs approximately every 21,000 years and last between 3,000 and 5,000 years. The first identification of these events occurred in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Wohlwill process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine gold to the highest degree of purity (99.999%). The process was invented in 1874 by Emil Wohlwill. This electrochemical process involves using a cast gold ingot, often called a doré bar, of 95%+ gold to serve as an anode. Lower percentages of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dichloromethane is the most important halomethane-based solvent. Its volatility, low flammability, and ability to dissolve a wide range of organic compounds makes this colorless liquid a useful solvent. It is widely used as a paint stripper and a degreaser. In the food industry, it was previously used to decaffeinate c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first assessment based on cost and value composite curves of hydrogen resources of a hydrogen network was proposed by Tower et al. (1996). Alves developed the hydrogen pinch analysis approach based on the concept of heat pinch analysis in 1999. Nick Hallale and Fang Liu extended this original work, adding pressure... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
London dispersion forces (LDF, also known as dispersion forces, London forces, instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces, fluctuating induced dipole bonds or loosely as van der Waals forces) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally electrically symmetric; that is, the ele... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Craftsmen and designers utilize copper's inherent benefits to build aesthetically pleasing and long-lasting building systems. From cathedrals to castles and from homes to offices, copper is used in many products: low-sloped and pitched roofs, soffits, fascias, flashings, gutters, downspouts, building expansion joints, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The principles involved can be understood by considering the most efficient way of packing together equal-sized spheres and stacking close-packed atomic planes in three dimensions. For example, if plane A lies beneath plane B, there are two possible ways of placing an additional atom on top of layer B. If an additional... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An independent water and power plant (IWPP) or an integrated water and power project is a combined facility which serves as both a desalination plant and a power plant. IWPPs are more common in the Middle East, where demand for both electricity and salt water desalinisation are high.
Independent water and power produce... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
miR-324-5p is a reverse strand miRNA, meaning it is produced from the 5' end of the associated RNA, and spans from position 7,223,342 to 7,223,364 on chromosome 17. Its sequence is CGCAUCCCCUAGGGCAUUGGUG.
miRNA forms following cleavage of pre-miRNA at the hairpin loop by the enzyme dicer within the cytosol. Interesting... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid mechanics a Riabouchinsky solid is a technique used for approximating boundary layer separation from a bluff body using potential flow. It is named after Dimitri Pavlovitch Riabouchinsky.
Riabouchinsky solids are typically used for analysing the behaviour of bodies moving through otherwise quiescent fluid (ex... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Not all biomarkers should be used as surrogate endpoints to assess clinical outcomes. Biomarkers can be difficult to validate and require different levels of validation depending on their intended use. If a biomarker is to be used to measure the success of a therapeutic intervention, the biomarker should reflect a di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ketone bodies are produced mainly in the mitochondria of liver cells, and synthesis can occur in response to an unavailability of blood glucose, such as during fasting. Other cells, e.g. human astrocytes, are capable of carrying out ketogenesis, but they are not as effective at doing so. Ketogenesis occurs constantly i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There appear to be two main kinds of methodology used for the calculation of energy quality. These can be classed as either receiver or donor methods. One of the main differences that distinguishes these classes is the assumption of whether energy quality can be upgraded in an energy transformation process.
Receiver me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fins are extensions on exterior surfaces of objects that increase the rate of heat transfer to or from the object by increasing convection. This is achieved by increasing the surface area of the body, which in turn increases the heat transfer rate by a sufficient degree. This is an efficient way of increasing the rate,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lavoisiers researches on combustion were carried out in the midst of a very busy schedule of public and private duties, especially in connection with the Ferme Générale. There were also innumerable reports for and committees of the Academy of Sciences to investigate specific problems on order of the royal government. L... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1801, John Dalton published the law of partial pressures from his work with ideal gas law relationship: The pressure of a mixture of non reactive gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of all of the constituent gases alone. Mathematically, this can be represented for n species as:
: Pressure = Pressure + Pressur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bitumen ( , ) is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum. Depending on its exact composition it can be a sticky, black liquid or an apparently solid mass that behaves as a liquid over very large time scales. In the U.S., the material is commonly referred to as asphalt. Whether found in natural deposits or refine... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, phase-boundary catalysis (PBC) is a type of heterogeneous catalytic system which facilitates the chemical reaction of a particular chemical component in an immiscible phase to react on a catalytic active site located at a phase boundary. The chemical component is soluble in one phase but insoluble in the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Benzene, as well as most other annulenes (cyclodecapentaene excepted) with the formula CH where n is an even number, such as cyclotetradecaheptaene. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Isofalcarintriol (IUPAC name (3S,8R,9R,E)-heptadeca-10-en-4,6-diyne-3,8,9-triol) is a polyacetylene contained in the root of carrots (Daucus carota). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The best-known version of the experiment was started in 1927 by Professor Thomas Parnell of the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, to demonstrate to students that some substances which appear solid are highly viscous fluids. Parnell poured a heated sample of the pitch into a sealed funnel and allowed it t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magnetic refrigeration, or adiabatic demagnetization, is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect, an intrinsic property of magnetic solids. The refrigerant is often a paramagnetic salt, such as cerium magnesium nitrate. The active magnetic dipoles in this case are those of the electron shells of the par... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Emission coefficient is a coefficient in the power output per unit time of an electromagnetic source, a calculated value in physics. The emission coefficient of a gas varies with the wavelength of the light. It has units of mssr. It is also used as a measure of environmental emissions (by mass) per MWh of electricity g... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gerard ONeill, noting the problem of high launch costs in the early 1970s, proposed building the SPSs in orbit with materials from the Moon. Launch costs from the Moon are potentially much lower than from Earth because of the lower gravity and lack of atmospheric drag. This 1970s proposal assumed the then-advertised fu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The generally accepted model of the formation of the Universe states that it happened as the result of the Big Bang. In this model, in the time interval of 10–10 s after the Big Bang, matter existed in the form of a quark–gluon plasma. It is possible to reproduce the density and temperature of matter existing of that t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Helicase activities are initiated by the N-terminal arm and the Ski2 insertion domain. In yeast, the complex guides RNA molecules to the exosome complex for degradation via a fourth protein, called Ski7, which contains a GTPase-like protein. Ski7 involves the 3’ to 5’ degradation of RNA through two different pathways, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Absorbance of a material is also related to its decadic attenuation coefficient by
where
* is the thickness of that material through which the light travels, and
* is the decadic attenuation coefficient of that material at .
If a(z) is uniform along the path, the attenuation is said to be a linear attenuation, and th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The approach relies on a combination of companion crops to be planted around and among maize or sorghum. Both domestic and wild grasses can help to protect the crops by attracting and trapping the stemborers. The grasses are planted in the border around the maize and sorghum fields where invading adult moths become att... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Paucimannosidic glycans span the base composition ManGlcNAc. Additional modifications with Fuc, Xyl and/or Galactose (Gal) are common in mammals ref, plants and invertebrates, respectively. Paucimannosidic glycans expressed by insects and nematodes are particularly rich in structural diversity. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Medium-pressure mercury-vapor lamps have historically been the industry standard for curing products with ultraviolet light. The bulbs work by sending an electric discharge to excite a mixture of mercury and noble gases, generating a plasma. Once the mercury reaches a plasma state, it irradiates a high spectral output ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Volta potential measured by SKP is directly proportional to the corrosion potential of a material, as such SKP has found widespread use in the study of the fields of corrosion and coatings. In the field of coatings for example, a scratched region of a self-healing shape memory polymer coating containing a heat gene... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) that occurred 2.4 billion years ago altered the course of life on Earth forever by increasing the abundance of oxygen in the atmosphere. Bacteria that existed before the GEO did not rely on the presence of oxygen as a source for metabolism, such as the billion-year-old Cyanobacteria. M... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
POSCO, one of the world's biggest steel production companies, in 1986, initiated a founding of a science and technology university in the city of Pohang, about 200 miles southeast of Seoul, the capital city of Korea. Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) has now become one of the top research universiti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mitochondria is believed to be important in controlling the supply of oxygen available for making light in fireflies. An increased rate of respiration decreases the intracellular oxygen concentration which reduces the amount available for light production. The mitochondria of the photocyte exists near the perimeter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Membrane emulsification (ME) is a relatively novel technique for producing all types of single and multiple emulsions for DDS (drug delivery systems), solid micro carriers for encapsulation of drug or nutrient, solder particles for surface-mount technology, mono dispersed polymer microspheres (for analytical column pac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If a railway track runs over a bridge which has expansion joints that move more than a few millimeters, the track must be able to compensate this longer expansion or contraction. On the other hand, the track must always provide a continuous surface for the wheels traveling over it. These conflicting requirements are se... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glycosyltransferases have been widely used in both the targeted synthesis of specific glycoconjugates as well as the synthesis of differentially glycosylated libraries of drugs, biological probes or natural products in the context of drug discovery and drug development (a process known as glycorandomization). Suitable ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A beam path is a river section of low ecological condition that borders on sections of higher ecological potential. An enhancing beam path is a type of beam path into which organisms of a nearby beam source can migrate or are at least temporarily settle. Furthermore, typical organisms can only drift or migrate through ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 2015 elected board member, European Academy of Microbiology (EAM)
* 2013 elected member, European Academy of Microbiology (EAM)
* 2012 iGEM Team Groningen: European and World Champion 2012 (Kuipers was supervisor/coach/coordinator of the iGEM team Groningen from 2008-2015)
* 2011 elected member, Royal Netherlands Aca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The design of a galvanic anode CP system should consider many factors, including the type of structure, the resistivity of the electrolyte (soil or water) it will operate in, the type of coating and the service life.
The primary calculation is how much anode material will be required to protect the structure for the re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Winkler bottle is a piece of laboratory glassware specifically made for carrying out the Winkler test. These bottles have conical tops and a close fitting stopper to aid in the exclusion of air bubbles when the top is sealed. This is important because oxygen in trapped air would be included in the measurement and w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FSL have been used to create human red cell kodecytes that have been used to detect and identify blood group allo-antibodies as ABO sub-group mimics, ABO quality control systems, serologic teaching kits and a syphilis diagnostic. Kodecytes have also demonstrated that FSL-FLRO4 is a suitable reagent for labelling packed... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reid became interested in chemistry whilst at high school. She eventually studied chemistry at the University of Edinburgh, where she earned her bachelor's degree in 1986. She remained there for her doctoral research, where she studied macrocyclic complexes. After earning her degree in 1989, and a 2 year postdoctoral r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Gill Mantle ("Txampaysye" in Navi) is a large jellyfish like creature native to Pandoras reefs. The Navi can bond with them in the water, which can supply them with oxygen through the water allowing Navi to remain underwater much longer. They are primarily used by Kiri throughout Avatar: The Way of Water. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
First article which touches antigen transfer was published in 2004. Experiments from this study reveal that clonal deletion of autoreactive CD4 T cells, apart from CD8 T cells, requires indirect presentation of TRAs by bone marrow (BM) derived APCs. Direct presentation of TRAs by mTECs was shown to be insufficient in t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The essential parts of a colorimeter are:
* a light source (often an ordinary low-voltage filament lamp);
* an adjustable aperture;
* a set of colored filters;
* a cuvette to hold the working solution;
* a detector (usually a photoresistor) to measure the transmitted light;
* a meter to display the output from the dete... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several physical properties of superconductors vary from material to material, such as the critical temperature, the value of the superconducting gap, the critical magnetic field, and the critical current density at which superconductivity is destroyed. On the other hand, there is a class of properties that are indepen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FACIT collagen (Fibril Associated Collagens with Interrupted Triple helices) is a type of collagen and also a proteoglycan that have two or more triple-helical domains that connect to collagen fibrils and share protein domains with non-collagen matrix molecules. FACIT collagens derive their name from their association... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Here we give the flow field of a squirmer in the case of a non-deformable axisymmetric spherical squirmer (radius ). These expressions are given in a spherical coordinate system.
<br />
Here are constant coefficients, are Legendre polynomials, and . <br />
One finds .<br />
The expressions above are in the frame of t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
AGEs are the subject of ongoing research. There are three therapeutic approaches: preventing the formation of AGEs, breaking crosslinks after they are formed and preventing their negative effects.
Compounds that have been found to inhibit AGE formation in the laboratory include Vitamin C, Agmatine, benfotiamine, pyrido... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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