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In Combustion, G equation is a scalar field equation which describes the instantaneous flame position, introduced by Forman A. Williams in 1985 in the study of premixed turbulent combustion. The equation is derived based on the Level-set method. The equation was first studied by George H. Markstein, in a restrictive f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Crystalline structure is the composition of ions, atoms, and molecules that are held together and ordered in a 3D shape. The main difference between a crystalline structure and an amorphous structure is the order of the components. Crystalline has the highest level of order possible in the material where amorphous stru... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Very high densities are required to thermalize the rotational transitions of HO, so it is difficult to detect far-infrared emission lines from a quiescent molecular cloud. Even at H densities of 10 cm, dust must be optically thick at infrared wavelengths. But the passage of a shock wave through a molecular cloud is pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vanadyl ribonucleoside is produced by combining vanadyl sulphate with various ribonucleosides (such as guanosine) in a 1:10 molar ratio. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inside protons and neutrons, there are fundamental particles called quarks. The two most common types of quarks are up quarks, which have a charge of +, and down quarks, with a − charge. Quarks arrange themselves in sets of three such that they make protons and neutrons. In a proton, whose charge is +1, there are two u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The very high breakdown voltages, high electron mobility, and high saturation velocity of GaN has made it an ideal candidate for high-power and high-temperature microwave applications, as evidenced by its high Johnson's figure of merit. Potential markets for high-power/high-frequency devices based on GaN include microw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Movement joints are designed to absorb the movement of the subfloor and the tiles themselves due to thermal expansion and contraction, moisture variations, and structural shifts. These joints are essentially gaps, typically filled with a flexible material like silicone or rubber, that separate tiles and allow for movem... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The rule states that with the addition of a protic acid HX or other polar reagent to an asymmetric alkene, the acid hydrogen (H) or electropositive part gets attached to the carbon with more hydrogen substituents, and the halide (X) group or electronegative part gets attached to the carbon with more alkyl substituents.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrocarbon chains are long chains which consist of a carbon backbone hydrogen substituents, making them very hydrophobic. Hydrocarbon chains alone form waxes and oils and retain these characteristics when they are incorporated into surfactant. A good example of surfactants containing a hydrocarbon chain are lipids, wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enzymes, which are composed of chiral amino acids, catalyze chemical reactions with high stereoselectivity. Specifically, esterase enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of esters to carboxylic acids. This transformation may be rendered asymmetric if two enantiotopic ester groups exist in the substrate or if a racemic mixture... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A few stable nitronium salts with anions of weak nucleophilicity can be isolated. These include nitronium perchlorate , nitronium tetrafluoroborate , nitronium hexafluorophosphate , nitronium hexafluoroarsenate , and nitronium hexafluoroantimonate . These are all very hygroscopic compounds.
The solid form of dinitrogen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Double diffusive convection is a fluid dynamics phenomenon that describes a form of convection driven by two different density gradients, which have different rates of diffusion.
Convection in fluids is driven by density variations within them under the influence of gravity. These density variations may be caused by gr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
:Heat removal is done by internal cooling coils. The synthesis gas is bubbled through the waxy products and finely-divided catalyst which is suspended in the liquid medium. This also provides agitation of the contents of the reactor. The catalyst particle size reduces diffusional heat and mass transfer limitations. A l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Expanded nucleotides and their oligomeric helices share many properties with their natural B-DNA counterparts, including their pairing preference: A with T, C with G. The various differences in chemical properties between xDNA and B-DNA support the hypothesis that the benzene ring which expands x-nucleobases is not, in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order for proteins to adsorb, they must first come into contact with the surface through one or more of these major transport mechanisms: diffusion, thermal convection, bulk flow, or a combination thereof. When considering the transport of proteins, it is clear how concentration gradients, temperature, protein size ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Proteolysis is also involved in the regulation of many cellular processes by activating or deactivating enzymes, transcription factors, and receptors, for example in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, or the mediation of thrombin signalling through protease-activated receptors.
Some enzymes at important metabolic control... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some neutron-rich isotopes decay by the emission of two or more neutrons. For example, hydrogen-5 and helium-10 decay by the emission of two neutrons, hydrogen-6 by the emission of 3 or 4 neutrons, and hydrogen-7 by emission of 4 neutrons. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The estrogen receptor, as well as the progesterone receptor, have been detected in the skin, including in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. At menopause and thereafter, decreased levels of female sex hormones result in atrophy, thinning, and increased wrinkling of the skin and a reduction in skin elasticity, firmness, and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Difluoroethane is an extremely flammable gas, which decomposes rapidly on heating or burning, producing toxic and irritating fumes, including hydrogen fluoride and carbon monoxide.
In a DuPont study, rats were exposed to up to 25,000 ppm (67,485 mg/m) for six hours daily, five days a week for two years. This has become... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The extrusion of stationary phase from the column at the end of a separation experiment by stopping rotation and pumping solvent or gas through the column was used by CCC practitioners before the term EECCC was suggested. In elution-extrusion mode (EECCC), The mobile phase is extruded after a certain point by switching... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bicalutamide is an arylpropionamide analog, seen in figure 6. It has replaced flutamide and nilutamide as the first choice antiandrogen for prostate cancer treatment. Bicalutamide is not as hepatotoxic as flutamide and nilutamide and has a longer half-life, of 6 days in humans, that allows once a day administration at ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In April the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of the European Medicines Agency endorsed a gene therapy treatment called Strimvelis and the European Commission approved it in June. This treats children born with adenosine deaminase deficiency and who have no functioning immune system. This was the second g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pesticide residue refers to the pesticides that may remain on or in food after they are applied to food crops. The maximum residue limits (MRL) of pesticides in food are carefully set by the regulatory authorities to ensure, to their best judgement, no health impacts. Regulations such as pre-harvest intervals also ofte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and many other hydroxy-containing compounds can be readily deprotonated due to a large difference between the electronegativity of oxygen (3.5) and that of hydrogen (2.1). Hydroxy-containing compounds engage in intermolecular hydrogen bonding increasing the electrostatic attraction b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ct filtration is a technique that uses the principles of DNA renaturation kinetics to separate the repetitive DNA sequences that dominate many eukaryotic genomes from "gene-rich" single/low-copy sequences. This allows DNA sequencing to concentrate on the parts of the genome that are most informative and interesting, wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Following, the IMFP is employed to calculate the effective attenuation length (EAL), the mean escape depth (MED) and the information depth (ID). Besides, one can utilize the IMFP to make matrix corrections for the relative sensitivity factor in quantitative surface analysis. Moreover, the IMFP is an important parameter... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A new development of the activated sludge process is the Nereda process which produces a granular sludge that settles very well (the sludge volume index is reduced from ). A new process reactor system is created to take advantage of this quick settling sludge and is integrated into the aeration tank instead of having a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ESI interface for LC–MS systems was developed by Fenn and collaborators in 1988. This ion source/ interface can be used for the analysis of moderately polar and even very polar molecules (e.g., metabolites, xenobiotics, peptides, nucleotides, polysaccharides). The liquid eluate coming out of the LC column is directed i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photorespiration can occur when the oxygen concentration is too high. RuBisCO cannot distinguish between oxygen and carbon dioxide very well, so it can accidentally add O instead of CO to RuBP. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis—it consumes ATP and oxygen, releases CO, and produces no sugar. It can w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the thermal constraints faced by using polypropylene as base material, applications where high sensitivity is needed, long-term temperatures should be below 70 °C, which limits its scope in terms of some potential applications such as the automotive industry.
The air voids present in the structure become smalle... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Factors influencing habit include: a combination of two or more crystal forms; trace impurities present during growth; crystal twinning and growth conditions (i.e., heat, pressure, space); and specific growth tendencies such as growth striations. Minerals belonging to the same crystal system do not necessarily exhibit ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fumarate, produced from the purine nucleotide cycle, is an intermediate of TCA cycle and enters the mitochondria by converting into malate and utilizing the malate shuttle where it is converted into oxaloacetic acid (OAA). During exercise, OAA either enters into TCA cycle or converts into aspartate in the mitochondria.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbonate ions (CO) are essential in marine calcifying organisms, like plankton and shellfish, as they are required to produce their calcium carbonate () shells and skeletons. As the ocean acidifies, the increased uptake of CO by seawater increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, which lowers the pH of the water. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The reactivity series is sometimes quoted in the strict reverse order of standard electrode potentials, when it is also known as the "electrochemical series".
The following list includes the metallic elements of the first six periods. It is mostly based on tables provided by NIST. However, not all sources give the same... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In this example, a gene from mammalian gene library will be subcloned into a bacterial plasmid (destination platform). The bacterial plasmid is a piece of circular DNA which contains regulatory elements allowing for the bacteria to produce a gene product (gene expression) if it is placed in the correct place in the pl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The primary limitations of photofermentation as a sustainable energy source stem from the precise requirements of maintaining the bacteria in the bioreactor. Researchers have found it difficult to maintain a constant temperature for the bacteria within the bioreactor. Furthermore, the growth media for the bacteria must... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These models based on data are black box systems, using mathematical and statistical concepts to link a certain input (for instance rainfall) to the model output (for instance runoff). Commonly used techniques are regression, transfer functions, neural networks and system identification. These models are known as stoch... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ethers have boiling points similar to those of the analogous alkanes. Simple ethers are generally colorless. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hunter was born on 19 February 1965 in Dunedin, New Zealand. He is the son of John Alexander Hunter and his wife Alice Mary Hunter. He and his family moved to Northern Ireland in 1969. He was educated at Portstewart Primary School and the Coleraine Academical Institution, an all-boys grammar school in Coleraine, County... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This syndrome is associated with increased susceptibility to tumors and growth abnormalities in children. A common cause of this syndrome is a mutation in an imprint control region <nowiki/>near the Igf2 gene. This imprint control region is normally bound by an insulator on the maternal allele, which represses an enhan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Estradiol with levonorgestrel in the form of a skin patch is used under the brand name Climara Pro for hormone replacement therapy in postmenstrual women, treating symptoms such as hot flashes or osteoporosis. The simultaneous delivery of a progestogen such as levonorgestrel is necessary for the protection of the endom... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Woodward and Hoffmann developed the pericyclic selection rules after performing extensive orbital-overlap calculations. At the time, Woodward wanted to know whether certain electrocyclic reactions might help synthesize vitamin B. Chemists knew that such reactions exhibited striking stereospecificity, but could not pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences in order to regulate the expression of a given gene. There are approximately 1,400 transcription factors in the human genome and they constitute about 6% of all human protein coding genes. The power of transcription factors resides in their ability... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Potential Sulfidic Acidity (PSA) is a function of the concentration of Reduced Inorganic Sulfur (RIS) in a soil sample. If RIS were the only pool of sulfur present in a sample, PSA could be directly estimated from the total concentration of sulfur. In some cases this may possible. However, sulfate minerals (e.g., gypsu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In response to specific cases in which unfavorable data from pharmaceutical company-sponsored research were not published, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America published new guidelines urging companies to report all findings and limit the financial involvement in drug companies by researchers. The U... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Newbery-Vautin chlorination process is a method for extracting gold from its ore through the use of chlorination. This process was jointly developed by James Cosmo Newbery and Claude Vautin. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The absorbed dose also plays an important role in radiation protection, as it is the starting point for calculating the stochastic health risk of low levels of radiation, which is defined as the probability of cancer induction and genetic damage. The gray measures the total absorbed energy of radiation, but the probabi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One problem with the SBSP concept is the cost of space launches and the amount of material that would need to be launched.
Much of the material launched need not be delivered to its eventual orbit immediately, which raises the possibility that high efficiency (but slower) engines could move SPS material from LEO to GEO... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Isoenzymes, or isozymes, are multiple forms of an enzyme, with slightly different protein sequence and closely similar but usually not identical functions. They are either products of different genes, or else different products of alternative splicing. They may either be produced in different organs or cell types to pe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alanine is produced by the transamination of one molecule of pyruvate using two alternate steps: 1) conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate using a glutamate-alanine transaminase, and 2) conversion of valine to α-ketoisovalerate via Transaminase C.
Not much is known about the regulation of alanine synthesis. The onl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ε-amino groups of the lysine residues in urease and phosphotriesterase also feature carbamate. The carbamate derived from aminoimidazole is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of inosine. Carbamoyl phosphate is generated from carboxyphosphate
rather than CO. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 2016, microcystin had been found in San Francisco Bay Area shellfish in seawater, apparently from freshwater runoff, exacerbated by drought. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alpha-acceptor-substituted primary aliphatic amines R-CH-NH (R = COOR, CN, CHO, COR) react with nitrous acid to generate the diazo compound. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biological nitrogen fixation was discovered by Jean-Baptiste Boussingault in 1838. Later, in 1880, the process by which it happens was discovered by German agronomist Hermann Hellriegel and and was fully described by Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck.
"The protracted investigations of the relation of plants to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Scientists use a number of methods to study the complex structures and functions of the 3′ UTR. Even if a given 3′-UTR in an mRNA is shown to be present in a tissue, the effects of localization, functional half-life, translational efficiency, and trans-acting elements must be determined to understand the 3′-UTR's full ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biodiesel production is the process of producing the biofuel, biodiesel, through the chemical reactions of transesterification and esterification. This process renders a product (chemistry) and by-products.
The fats and oils react with short-chain alcohols (typically methanol or ethanol). The alcohols used should be of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1776, Laplace formulated a single set of linear partial differential equations for tidal flow described as a barotropic two-dimensional sheet flow. Coriolis effects are introduced as well as lateral forcing by gravity. Laplace obtained these equations by simplifying the fluid dynamics equations, but they can also be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ureas in the more general sense can be accessed in the laboratory by reaction of phosgene with primary or secondary amines:
These reactions proceed through an isocyanate intermediate. Non-symmetric ureas can be accessed by the reaction of primary or secondary amines with an isocyanate.
Urea can also be produced by heat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The substitution of CO ligands can be induced thermally or photochemically by donor ligands. The range of ligands is large, and includes phosphines, cyanide (CN), nitrogen donors, and even ethers, especially chelating ones. Alkenes, especially dienes, are effective ligands that afford synthetically useful derivatives. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The importance of the mathematical methods' efficiency arises from the large scale of simulated network. It is required that the computation costs of the simulation method be low, this is related to the computation time and computer storage. At the same time the accuracy of the computed values must acceptable for the p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The areas are saturated with unexploded shells (including many gas shells), grenades, and rusting ammunition. Soils were heavily polluted by lead, mercury, chlorine, arsenic, various dangerous gases, acids, and human and animal remains. The area was also littered with ammunition depots and chemical plants. The land of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry and molecular biology, SDD-AGE is short for Semi-Denaturating Detergent Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. This is a method for detecting and characterizing large protein polymers which are stable in 2% SDS at room temperature, unlike most large protein complexes. This method is very useful for studying prion... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Celecoxib was the first specific inhibitor of COX-2 approved to treat patients with rheumatism and osteoarthritis. A study showed that the absorption rate, when given orally, is moderate, and peak plasma concentration occurs after about 2–4 hours. However, the extent of absorption is not well known. Celecoxib has the a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inorganic fluxes contain components playing the same role as in organic fluxes. They are more often used in brazing and other high-temperature applications, where organic fluxes have insufficient thermal stability. The chemicals used often simultaneously act as both vehicles and activators; typical examples are borax, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Crystallite size in monodisperse microstructures is usually approximated from X-ray diffraction patterns and grain size by other experimental techniques like transmission electron microscopy. Solid objects large enough to see and handle are rarely composed of a single crystal, except for a few cases (gems, silicon sing... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The background noise caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), somatic mutations, pseudogenes and sequencing errors reduce the reliability of the signal, especially in a single-cell context. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chromatography, endcapping refers to the replacement of accessible silanol groups in a bonded stationary phase by trimethylsilyl groups. End-capped columns have much lower residual silanol group activity compared to non-endcapped columns. Endcapped columns show decreased retention for hydrogen bond acceptors, such ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A radical is a molecule with an odd number of electrons, and is induced in a variety of ways, including ultra-violet radiation. A sun burn is largely due to radical formation from this radiation. The radical-pair, however, is not simply two radicals. This is because radical-pairs (specifically singlets) are quantum ent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following are some of the more important of his works:
* 1660 – New Experiments Physico-Mechanical: Touching the Spring of the Air and their Effects
* 1661 – The Sceptical Chymist
* 1662 – Whereunto is Added a Defence of the Authors Explication of the Experiments, Against the Obiections of Franciscus Linus and Thom... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The theorem is also useful on a more microscopic scale, in biology. Living systems, such as cells, can be analyzed thermodynamically. They are rather complex systems, where many energy transformations occur, and they often waste heat. Hence, the Gouy-Stodola theorem may be useful, in certain situations, to perform exer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dorn was born in Guttstadt (Dobre Miasto), Province of Prussia (nowadays Warmia in Poland), and died in Halle, Province of Saxony. He was educated at Königsberg and went on to teach at the university level. In 1885, at Halle University, Dorn took over the position of personal ordinarius professor for theoretical physi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Type B (70%Pt/30%Rh–94%Pt/6%Rh, by weight) thermocouples are suited for use at up to 1800 °C. Type-B thermocouples produce the same output at 0 °C and 42 °C, limiting their use below about 50 °C. The emf function has a minimum around 21 °C, meaning that cold-junction compensation is easily performed, since the compensa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Molecular distillation is a type of short-path vacuum distillation, characterized by an extremely low vacuum pressure, 0.01 torr or below, which is performed using a molecular still. It is a process of separation, purification and concentration of natural products, complex and thermally sensitive molecules for example ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1845, George Gabriel Stokes published another important set of equations, today known as the Navier-Stokes equations. Claude-Louis Navier developed the equations first using molecular theory, which was further confirmed by Stokes using continuum theory. The Navier-Stokes equations describe the motion of fluids:
Wh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Vlasov–Poisson equations are an approximation of the Vlasov–Maxwell equations in the non-relativistic zero-magnetic field limit:
and Poisson's equation for self-consistent electric field:
Here is the particles electric charge, is the particles mass, is the self-consistent electric field, the self-consistent ele... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In instances where the biomass and enzyme concentrations are not appreciably changing in time, we can assume that biomass dynamics is negligible and that the total enzyme concentration is constant, and the GEBIK equations become
Eqs. () for isotopic compositions, Eq. () for the fractionation factor and Eq. () for the e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike ground state oxygen, singlet oxygen participates in Diels–Alder [4+2]- and [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions and formal concerted ene reactions. It oxidizes thioethers to sulfoxides. Organometallic complexes are often degraded by singlet oxygen. With some substrates 1,2-dioxetanes are formed; cyclic dienes such as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Britannia metal (also called britannium or Britannia ware) is a specific type of pewter alloy, favoured for its silvery appearance and smooth surface. The composition by weight is typically about 92% tin, 6% antimony, and 2% copper.
Britannia metal is usually spun rather than cast, and melts at 255 degrees Celsius. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
was a Japanese chemist who was best known for his discovery of the Negishi coupling. He spent most of his career at Purdue University in the United States, where he was the Herbert C. Brown Distinguished Professor and the director of the Negishi-Brown Institute. He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for pal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The initial concept of an attainable region for chemical processes was proposed by Fritz Horn in 1964, where he believed in geometric methods to improve process design. These ideas were later refined and made specific to chemical reactors by co-developers David Glasser, Diane Hildebrandt, and Martin Feinberg. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The College of Engineering at UC Berkeley defines Environmental Engineering Science, including the following: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium hydroxide also reacts with acidic oxides, such as sulfur dioxide. Such reactions are often used to "scrub" harmful acidic gases (like and ) produced in the burning of coal and thus prevent their release into the atmosphere. For example, | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kodevirions are FSL modified viruses. Several FSL Kode constructs have been used to label viruses to assist in their flow-cytometric visualisation and to track them real time distribution in animal models. They have also been used to modify the surface of viruses with the intention of targeting them to be used to attac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The presynaptic bouton has an efficiently orchestrated process to fuse vesicles to the presynaptic membrane to release neurotransmitters and regenerate neurotransmitter vesicles. This process called the synaptic vesicle cycle maintains the number of vesicles in the presynaptic bouton and allows the synaptic terminal to... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chiral drugs with stereo-labile configuration are likely to undergo interconversion of the enantiomers that may be enzymatic (biological) or non-enzymatic. Enzyme-mediated conversion is the process of chiral inversion that happens in a living organism. Non-enzymatic inversion of drugs is important and relevant in the p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Berlin is a member of the New York Academy of Science, the American Chemical Society, and the Royal Society of Chemistry. He is a member of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life, an honor Member of the European Molecular Liquids Group, a fellow of the Mendeleev Chemical Society and the Russian P... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mercury(II) oxide, also called mercuric oxide or simply mercury oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula HgO. It has a red or orange color. Mercury(II) oxide is a solid at room temperature and pressure. The mineral form montroydite is very rarely found. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In February 2020 the FDA published the Table of Pharmacogenetic Associations. For the gene-drug pairs included in the table, "the FDA has evaluated and believes there is sufficient scientific evidence to suggest that subgroups of patients with certain genetic variants, or genetic variant-inferred phenotypes (such as af... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cnoidal waves can be derived directly from the inviscid, irrotational and incompressible flow equations, and expressed in terms of three invariants of the flow, as shown by in their research on undular bores. In a frame of reference moving with the phase speed, in which reference frame the flow becomes a steady flow, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cleavage is a physical property traditionally used in mineral identification, both in hand-sized specimen and microscopic examination of rock and mineral studies. As an example, the angles between the prismatic cleavage planes for the pyroxenes (88–92°) and the amphiboles (56–124°) are diagnostic.
Crystal cleavage is o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
George Oliver was a physician practicing in the spa town of Harrogate in North Yorkshire while Edward Albert Schäfer was Professor of Physiology at University College London. In 1918, he prefixed the surname of his physiology teacher, William Sharpey, to his own to become Edward Albert Sharpey Schafer. The canonical st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Delhi Jal Board (DJB) is currently operating on the construction of the largest sewage treatment plant in India. It [https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/stp-at-okhla-to-be-completed-by-2022-end/article36528044.ece will be operational by the end of 2022] with an estimated capacity of 564 MLD. It is supposed t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In terms of genomic coverage and accuracy, whole genome sequencing can broadly be classified into either of the following:
*A draft sequence, covering approximately 90% of the genome at approximately 99.9% accuracy
*A finished sequence, covering more than 95% of the genome at approximately 99.99% accuracy
Producing a t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Anaerobic corrosion (also known as hydrogen corrosion) is a form of metal corrosion occurring in anoxic water. Typically following aerobic corrosion, anaerobic corrosion involves a redox reaction that reduces hydrogen ions and oxidizes a solid metal. This process can occur in either abiotic conditions through a thermod... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zn isotopes may be useful as a tracer for breast cancer. Relative to non-cancerous patients, breast cancer patients are known to have significantly higher concentrations of Zn in their breast tissue, but lower concentrations in their blood serum and erythrocytes, due to overexpression of Zn transporters in breast cance... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Co-administration of quinidine, a potent CYP2D6 enzyme inhibitor, with tramadol, a combination which results in markedly reduced levels of desmetramadol, was found not to significantly affect the analgesic effects of tramadol in human volunteers. However, other studies have found that the analgesic effects of tramadol ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The katal (symbol: kat) is that catalytic activity that will raise the rate of conversion by one mole per second in a specified assay system. It is a unit of the International System of Units (SI) used for quantifying the catalytic activity of enzymes (that is, measuring the enzymatic activity level in enzyme catalysi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He received bachelors and doctoral degrees from the Imperial University of Tokyo. He studied under Professor Kenjiro Kimura.
His first paper was published in 1935. He focused mostly on radio and cosmochemistry, and most of his 40 papers published prior to 1944 are about the chemistry of hot springs. In 1944, he became ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glass batch calculation or glass batching is used to determine the correct mix of raw materials (batch) for a glass melt. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Is the most common geometry used, based on a spiral design with the center winding contacted to the outside using a connection to another layer which is electrically isolated with a thin oxide layer. In this configuration the axis of the RF coil will be oriented perpendicular to the external static field B. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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