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RANKL is a member of the TNF superfamily of ligands. Through binding to the RANK receptor it activates various molecules, like NF-kappa B, MAPK, NFAT and PI3K52. The RANKL/RANK signaling pathway regulates osteoclastogenesis, as well as, the survival and activation of osteoclasts. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Under physiological conditions, ptaquiloside readily liberates glucose to produce the ptaquilodienone. The alkylation of amino acids with the dienone mostly takes place at the thiol group in cysteine, glutathione and methionine. The alkylation at the carboxylate group of each amino acid, forming the corresponding ester... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Epicillin (INN) is a penicillin antibiotic. It is not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.
It is an aminopenicillin. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ductile iron pipe is sized according to a dimensionless term known as the Pipe Size or Nominal Diameter (known by its French abbreviation, DN). This is roughly equivalent to the pipe's internal diameter in inches or millimeters. However, it is the external diameter of the pipe that is kept constant between changes in w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Although ELPs generally form reversible spherical aggregates due to their proline and glycine content, there is a possibility that, under certain conditions such as exceedingly high temperatures, ELPs will form amyloids, or irreversible aggregates of insoluble protein. It is also believed that changes in the ELP backb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Triphenyltin hydride is the organotin compound with the formula (CH)SnH. It is a white distillable oil that is soluble in organic solvents. It is often used as a source of "H·" to generate radicals or cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One way the eudysmic ratio is computed is by dividing the EC or the IC of the eutomer by the same measurement of the distomer. Whether one chooses to use the EC or IC depends on the drug in question. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemically induced dimerization (CID) is a biological mechanism in which two proteins bind only in the presence of a certain small molecule, enzyme or other dimerizing agent. Genetically engineered CID systems are used in biological research to control protein localization, to manipulate signalling pathways and to indu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Acellular Dermis. An acellular dermis is made by removing the cells (epidermis and dermal fibroblasts) from split-thickness skin. It has two sides: one side has a basal lamina suitable for the epithelial cells, and the other is suitable for fibroblast infiltration because it has intact vessel channels. It is durable,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CdS and CdSe form solid solutions with each other. Increasing amounts of cadmium selenide, gives pigments verging toward red, for example CI pigment orange 20 and CI pigment red 108.<br />Such solid solutions are components of photoresistors (light dependent resistors) sensitive to visible and near infrared light. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sono-Seq (Sonication of Cross-linked Chromatin Sequencing) is a method in molecular biology used for determining the sequences of those DNA regions in the genome near regions of open chromatin of expressed genes. It is also known as "Input" in the Chip-Seq protocol, since it follows the same steps except it doesn't req... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Statins are a class of drugs used to treat cardiovascular disease by lowering lipid levels, specifically LDL-C levels. Statins have shown to reduce new cardiovascular events by 30-40%. However, complications may still arise even after taking the drug and some patients are statin-intolerant. Lipoprotein apheresis therap... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lichens can show intense antioxidant activity. Secondary metabolites are often deposited as crystals in the apoplast. Secondary metabolites are thought to play a role in preference for some substrates over others. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The stem serves as a connector from the actuator to the inside of the valve and transmits this actuation force. Stems are either smooth for actuator controlled valves or threaded for manual valves. The smooth stems are surrounded by packing material to prevent leaking material from the valve. This packing is a wearable... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Before 1960, virtually all measurements of photoelectron kinetic energies were for electrons emitted from metals and other solid surfaces. In about 1956, Kai Siegbahn developed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface chemical analysis. This method uses x-ray sources to study energy levels of atomic core elec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to this law, which is based on linearized shallow water equations, the spatial variations of the wave height (twice the amplitude for sine waves, equal to the amplitude for a solitary wave) for travelling waves in water of mean depth and width (in case of an open channel) satisfy
where is the fourth root... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1979 teams at Harvard and Caltech extended the basic idea of making DNA copies of mRNAs in vitro to amplifying a library of such in bacterial plasmids. In 1982–1983, the idea of selecting random or semi-random clones from such a cDNA library for sequencing was explored by Greg Sutcliffe and coworkers. and Putney e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Conductive measurements began as early as the 18th century, when Andreas Baumgartner noticed that salt and mineral waters from Bad Gastein in Austria conducted electricity. As such, using conductometry to determine water purity, which is often used today to test the effectiveness of water purification systems, began in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hückel's rule can also be applied to molecules containing other atoms such as nitrogen or oxygen. For example pyridine (CHN) has a ring structure similar to benzene, except that one -CH- group is replaced by a nitrogen atom with no hydrogen. There are still six π electrons and the pyridine molecule is also aromatic and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thiourea is a planar molecule. The C=S bond distance is 1.71 Å. The C-N distances average 1.33 Å. The weakening of the C-S bond by C-N pi-bonding is indicated by the short C=S bond in thiobenzophenone, which is 1.63 Å.
Thiourea occurs in two tautomeric forms, of which the thione form predominates in aqueous solutions. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are a number of correlations for slip ratio.
For homogeneous flow, S = 1 (i.e. there is no slip).
The Chisholm correlation is:
The Chisholm correlation is based on application of the simple annular flow model and equates the frictional pressure drops in the liquid and the gas phase.
The slip ratio for two-phase c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a system with two spin-1/2 particlesfor example the proton and electron in the ground state of hydrogenmeasured on a given axis, each particle can be either spin up or spin down so the system has four basis states in all
using the single particle spins to label the basis states, where the first arrow and second arro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aluminium granules are manufactured by the melting of primary or secondary aluminium and blown in air or vacuum, or are cast in sand and then sieved off. Other methods include casting of molten aluminium in water. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
: Backcrossing is crossing an F1 with its parents to transfer a limited number of loci (e.g. transgene, disease resistance loci, etc.) from one genetic background to another. Usually the recipient of such genes is a cultivar that is already well performing - except for the gene that is to be transferred. So we want to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several towns in the Netherlands bear names ending in "dam," indicating their origin at the site of a dam in a tidal river. Prominent examples include Amsterdam (located at a dam in the Amstel) and Rotterdam (situated at a dam in the Rotte). However, some locations, like Maasdam, have less clear origins. Maasdam, a vil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The key elements of the NeSSI Generation II Specification are as follows.
* Adoption of a digital communication bus (NeSSI-bus) that is specifically tailored for process analytics and intended to replace 4-20 mA systems. This bus can handle up to 30 devices. (This bus would be equivalent to a plug-and-play USB bus on a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* EPA. [http://www.epa.gov/volunteer/stream/vms511.html "Monitoring and Assessing Water Quality: Fecal Bacteria."] | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Moexipril was an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Moexipril can be administered alone or with other antihypertensives or diuretics.
It works by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
It was patented in 1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Washington Accord
*International Professional Engineers Agreement (IPEA)
*Federation of Engineering Institutions of Asia and the Pacific (FEIAP)
*Federation of Engineering Institutions of Islamic Countries (FEIIC)
*Network of Accreditation Bodies for Engineering Education in Asia (NABEEA) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Blanco initially wanted to study medicine after high school and become a neurosurgeon. However, she decided against this path after witnessing a surgery during a vocational internship and having a negative reaction to the sight of blood. She chose to pursue chemical engineering after shadowing a chemical engineer at a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For density matrices and on a Hilbert space, the quantum relative entropy from to is defined to be
In quantum information science the minimum of over all separable states can also be used as a measure of entanglement in the state . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Shadow enhancers are groups of two or more enhancers that control the same target gene and drive overlapping spatiotemporal expression patterns. Shadow enhancers are found in a wide range of organisms, from insects to plants to mammals, particularly in association with developmental genes. While seemingly redundant, th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Measurements (performed using a soy bean SCS) indicate an optimal temperature of 37 °C and an optimal pH of 7.0-8.0. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mono Lake is a vital resting and eating stop for migratory shorebirds and has been recognized as a site of international importance by the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network.
Nearly 2,000,000 waterbirds, including 35 species of shorebirds, use Mono Lake to rest and eat for at least part of the year. Some shor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This equation represents flow to a pumping well (a sink of strength G), located at the origin. Both this equation and the Cartesian version above are the fundamental equation in groundwater flow, but to arrive at this point requires considerable simplification. Some of the main assumptions which went into both these eq... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Common cutting agents:
* Sugar: Brix refractometers are used to determine sugar content. Traditional handheld refractometers are cheap and can be used to measure whole percentages. Digital handheld refractometers are used to determine percentages in decimal values. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Immunoglobulin-like receptors are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and have one or more 70-110 residue immunoglobulin domains (Ig) in their extracellular region, typically multiple such domains in tandem. Many of the genes encoding these proteins occur in the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC), a large gene clus... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Membrane bioreactors were introduced in the late 1960s, shortly after commercial-scale ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes became available. The original designs were introduced by Dorr-Oliver Inc. and combined the use of an activated sludge bioreactor with a cross-flow membrane filtration loop. The flat shee... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In September researchers were able to give trichromatic vision to squirrel monkeys. In November 2009, researchers halted a fatal genetic disorder called adrenoleukodystrophy in two children using a lentivirus vector to deliver a functioning version of ABCD1, the gene that is mutated in the disorder. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Particle size distribution can greatly affect the efficiency of any collection device.
Settling chambers will normally only collect very large particles, those that can be separated using sieve trays.
Centrifugal collectors will normally collect particles down to about 20 μm. Higher efficiency models can collect partic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
García Mancheño earned her bachelor's degree in 2001 from the Faculty of Sciences of the Autonomous University of Madrid in Madrid, Spain. She continued at the Autonomous University of Madrid to earn her Ph.D. in 2005 under the mentorship of Juan Carlos Carretero. She continued her training in organic chemistry as a po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A SSATM instrument is typically designed in a time-domain spectroscopy configuration in which a high power infrared laser beam is divided into two optical paths by a beamsplitter.
The first optical path often receives a greater fraction of the optical power of the laser to maximize the output power of generated THz li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Half-metallic ferromagnets exhibit a metallic behavior in one spin channel and an insulating behavior in the other spin channel. The first example of Heusler half-metallic ferromagnets was first investigated by de Groot et al., with the case of NiMnSb. Half-metallicity leads to the full polarization of the conducting e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the process of bluing, an oxidizing chemical reaction on an iron surface selectively forms magnetite (FeO), the black oxide of iron (as opposed to rust, the red oxide of iron (FeO)). Black oxide provides some protection against corrosion if also treated with a water-displacing oil to reduce wetting and galvanic acti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While most chloroplasts originate from that first set of endosymbiotic events, Paulinella chromatophora is an exception that acquired a photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbiont more recently. It is not clear whether that symbiont is closely related to the ancestral chloroplast of other eukaryotes. Being in the early ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The fourth-century Chinese physician Ge Hongs book Zhouhou Beiji Fang () described Artemisia annua extract, called qinghao, as a treatment of malarial fever. Tu Youyou and her team were the first to investigate. In 1971 they found that their extract from the dried leaves (collected from Beijing) did not indicate any an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Endohedral complexes He@C and Ne@C are prepared by pressurizing C to ca. 3 bar in a noble-gas atmosphere. Under these conditions about one out of every 650,000 C cages was doped with a helium atom.
The formation of endohedral complexes with helium, neon, argon, krypton and xenon as well as numerous adducts of the He@C... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In humans the distribution of PDE5A1 and PDE5A2 isoforms is the same and can be found in the brain, lung tissue, heart, liver, kidneys, bladder, prostate, urethra, penis, uterus and skeletal muscles. PDE5A2 is more common than PDE5A1. PDE5A3 is not as widespread as the other two isoforms, and is only found in smooth mu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When gamma radiation breaks DNA molecules, a cell may be able to repair the damaged genetic material, within limits. However, a study of Rothkamm and Lobrich has shown that this repair process works well after high-dose exposure but is much slower in the case of a low-dose exposure. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alcohols have a long history of myriad uses. For simple mono-alcohols, which is the focus on this article, the following are most important industrial alcohols:
* methanol, mainly for the production of formaldehyde and as a fuel additive
* ethanol, mainly for alcoholic beverages, fuel additive, solvent
* 1-propanol, 1-... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Splicing is dependent on the presence of the 7-methylguanosine cap. A defect in splicing can occur as a result of mutation(s) in the guanylyltransferase, which can inhibit enzyme activity, preventing the formation of the cap. However the severity of the effect is dependent on the guanylyltransferase mutation. Further... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In colloidal and surface chemistry, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is defined as the concentration of surfactants above which micelles form and all additional surfactants added to the system will form micelles.
The CMC is an important characteristic of a surfactant. Before reaching the CMC, the surface tensio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most important industrial application is the nickel-catalyzed synthesis of adiponitrile () synthesis from buta-1,3-diene (). Adiponitrile is a precursor to hexamethylenediamine (), which is used for the production of certain kinds of Nylon. The DuPont ADN process to give adiponitrile is shown below:
This process co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The hardening of the protein component of insect cuticle has been shown to be due to the tanning action of an agent produced by oxidation of a phenolic substance forming sclerotin. In the analogous hardening of the cockroach ootheca, the phenolic substance concerned is 3:4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid).
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Smoluchowski factor, also known as von Smoluchowski's f-factor is related to inter-particle interactions. It is named after Marian Smoluchowski. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) is produced industrially by exposing 7-dehydrocholesterol to UVB and UVC light, followed by purification. The 7-dehydrocholesterol is a natural substance in fish organs, especially the liver, in wool grease (lanolin) from sheep and in some plants, like lichen (Cladonia rangiferina). Vitamin ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A defoliant is any herbicidal chemical sprayed or dusted on plants to cause their leaves to fall off. Defoliants are widely used for the selective removal of weeds in managing croplands and lawns. Worldwide use of defoliants, along with the development of other herbicides and pesticides, allowed for the Green Revolutio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
xDNA has many applications in chemical and biological research, including expanding upon applications of natural DNA, such as scaffolding. In order to create self-assembling nanostructures, a scaffold is needed as a sort of trellis to support the growth. DNA has been used as a means to this end in the past, but expande... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sex pheromones are pheromones released by an organism to attract an individual of the same species, encourage them to mate with them, or perform some other function closely related with sexual reproduction.
Sex pheromones specifically focus on indicating females for breeding, attracting the opposite sex, and conveying ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In oral rehydration therapy, electrolyte drinks containing sodium and potassium salts replenish the body's water and electrolyte concentrations after dehydration caused by exercise, excessive alcohol consumption, diaphoresis (heavy sweating), diarrhea, vomiting, intoxication or starvation. Athletes exercising in extrem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This term is used in chemistry contexts, e.g., for a chiral molecule lacking an asymmetric carbon atom, but possessing two non-coplanar rings that are each dissymmetric and which cannot easily rotate about the chemical bond connecting them: 2,2-dimethylbiphenyl is perhaps the simplest example of this case. Planar chira... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Traditional CRP measurement only detected CRP in the range of 10 to 1,000 mg/L, whereas high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) detects CRP in the range of 0.5 to 10 mg/L. hs-CRP can detect cardiovascular disease risk when in excess of 3 mg/L, whereas below 1 mg/L would be low risk. Traditional CRP measurement is faster and less... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy (RT, RTx, or XRT) is a treatment using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer therapy to either kill or control the growth of malignant cells. It is normally delivered by a linear particle accelerator. Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of cancer i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Electromigration is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. The effect is important in applications where high direct current densities are used, such as in microelectronics and related stru... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A membrane brings many new elements for the separation. Amino acids has been separated by perstraction. Membranes did not only separate extractants and the primary solution but also were selective for amino acids. Charged membranes were used. So they selected amino acids by pKa. Besides the selectivity of a membrane is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SRAS++ utilises SRAS imaging to provide the raw measurement of single grain velocity surfaces, this is input to a novel inverse solver that mitigates the problem of the inversion being very ill-conditioned, by simultaneously solving for multiple uniquely orientated grains at once in a brute-force approach. This allows ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.946. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The organization is led by a steering committee elected from its members. The steering committee represents the EBF in international forums and sets the agenda for the closed and open meetings. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Protein NMR Spectroscopy : Principles and Practice (1995) John Cavanagh, Wayne J. Fairbrother, Arthur G. Palmer III, Nicholas J. Skelton, Academic Press | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, a cavitand is a container-shaped molecule. The cavity of the cavitand allows it to engage in host–guest chemistry with guest molecules of a complementary shape and size. The original definition proposed by Cram includes many classes of molecules: cyclodextrins, calixarenes, pillararenes and cucurbituril... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In terms of dosage equivalence, norethisterone and NETA are typically used at respective dosages of 0.35 mg/day and 0.6 mg/day as progestogen-only contraceptives, and at respective dosages of 0.5–1 mg/day and 1–1.5 mg/day in combination with ethinylestradiol in combined oral contraceptives. Conversely, the two drugs ha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pulse labelling is a biochemistry technique of identifying the presence of a target molecule by labeling a sample with a radioactive compound. This is mainly done to identify the stage at which the messenger RNA is being produced in a cell. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Spectroscopic photo-reflectance employs a broad band probe light source, which may cover wavelengths from the infrared to the ultraviolet. By fitting spectroscopic photo-reflectance data with the conventional third derivative functional form, a comprehensive set of interband transition energies, amplitudes, and widths ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DEAD is toxic, shock and light sensitive; it can violently explode when its undiluted form is heated above 100 °C. Shipment by air of pure diethyl azodicarboxylate is prohibited in the United States and is carried out in solution, typically about 40% DEAD in toluene. Alternatively, DEAD is transported and stored on 100... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RT is the product of the molar gas constant, R, and the temperature, T. This product is used in physics and chemistry as a scaling factor for energy values in macroscopic scale (sometimes it is used as a pseudo-unit of energy), as many processes and phenomena depend not on the energy alone, but on the ratio of energy a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researchers at Boehringer Ingelheim also used the publicized information about the NAPAP-fIIa crystal structure, starting with the NAPAP structure that led to the discovery of dabigatran, which is a very polar compound and therefore not orally active. By masking the amidinium moiety as a carbamate-ester and turning th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The attenuation constant for an electromagnetic wave at normal incidence on a material is also proportional to the imaginary part of the materials refractive index n'. Using the above definition of (based on intensity) the following relationship holds:
where denotes the complex index of refraction, is the radian fr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As coral reefs decay, their residents will have to adapt or find new habitats on which to rely. Ocean acidification threatens the fundamental chemical balance of our oceans, creating conditions that eat away at essential minerals like calcium carbonate. A lack of aragonite and decreasing pH levels in ocean water makes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Under euxinic conditions, some trace elements such as Mo, U, V, Cd, Cu, Tl, Ni, Sb, and Zn, become insoluble. This means that euxinic sediments would contain more of the solid form of these elements than the background seawater. For example, Molybdenum and other trace metals become insoluble in anoxic and sulfidic cond... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nucleophilic substitution at sp centres can proceed by the stereospecific S2 mechanism, causing only inversion, or by the non-specific S1 mechanism, the outcome of which can show a modest selectivity for inversion, depending on the reactants and the reaction conditions to which the mechanism does not refer. The choice ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*[https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/paleo-biogeochem/HallmannLab_%40_MPI-BGC_Jena/Home.html Organic Paleobiogeochemistry] (Christian Hallmann)
*[https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/index.php/BTM/Home?jahr=&id=&gruppe=KLEI&limit=limit Biospheric Theory and Modelling] (Axel Kleidon)
*[https://www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/bgp/index.php/Emeritus... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Decantation can be used to separate immiscible liquids that have different densities. For example, when a mixture of water and oil is present in a beaker, after some time a distinct layer between the two liquids is formed, with the oil layer floating on top of the water layer. This separation can be done by pouring oil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Furaneol (strawberry)
* 1-Hexanol (herbaceous, woody)
* cis-3-Hexen-1-ol (fresh cut grass)
* Menthol (peppermint) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Faulds studied forensic and analytical science at the University of Strathclyde, graduating with a BSc in 1998. She remained at Strathclyde for her doctoral studies and in 2003 received her PhD for research on the detection of drugs of substance abuse using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The European Association of Geochemistry gives the following awards:
* The Urey Medal (European Association of Geochemistry) for outstanding contributions advancing geochemistry over a career.
* The Science Innovation Award for an important and innovative breakthrough in geochemistry.
* The Houtermans Award for excepti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lignite-tar creosote is produced from lignite rather than bituminous coal, and varies considerably from coal-tar creosote. Also called "lignite oil", it has a very high content of tar acids, and has been used to increase the tar acids in normal creosote when necessary. When it has been produced, it has generally been a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Borate ions occur, alone or with other anions, in many borate and borosilicate minerals such as borax, boracite, ulexite (boronatrocalcite) and colemanite. Borates also occur in seawater, where they make an important contribution to the absorption of low frequency sound in seawater.
Borates also occur in plants, includ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
James A. Shapiro argues that a superset of these examples should be classified as natural genetic engineering and are sufficient to falsify the central dogma. While Shapiro has received a respectful hearing for his view, his critics have not been convinced that his reading of the central dogma is in line with what Cric... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ionic imprinting, which involves metal ions, serves as an approach to enhance template molecule and functional monomer interaction in water. Typically, metal ions serve as a mediator during the imprinting process. Cross-linking polymers that are in the presence of a metal ion will form a matrix that is capable of metal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Technetium-99 (Tc) is an isotope of technetium which decays with a half-life of 211,000 years to stable ruthenium-99, emitting beta particles, but no gamma rays. It is the most significant long-lived fission product of uranium fission, producing the largest fraction of the total long-lived radiation emissions of nuclea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly has formalized collaborative efforts with various 3rd parties aimed at conducting phenotypic screening of selected small molecules. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Critical fission reactors are the most common type of nuclear reactor. In a critical fission reactor, neutrons produced by fission of fuel atoms are used to induce yet more fissions, to sustain a controllable amount of energy release. Devices that produce engineered but non-self-sustaining fission reactions are subcrit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sodium orthovanadate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It forms a dihydrate . Sodium orthovanadate is a salt of the oxyanion. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nucleotides can be synthesized by a variety of means, both in vitro and in vivo.
In vitro, protecting groups may be used during laboratory production of nucleotides. A purified nucleoside is protected to create a phosphoramidite, which can then be used to obtain analogues not found in nature and/or to synthesize an oli... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The molar ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in that solution.
where one half is because we are including both cations and anions, c is the molar concentration of ion i (M, mol/L), z is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Opening the vector product brackets in the Bloch equations leads to:
The above form is further simplified assuming
where i = . After some algebra one obtains:
where
is the complex conjugate of M. The real and imaginary parts of M correspond to M and M respectively.
M is sometimes called transverse nuclear magnetization... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Circle-Throw Vibrating Equipment is a shaker or a series of shakers as to where the drive causes the whole structure to move. The structure extends to a maximum throw or length and then contracts to a base state. A pattern of springs are situated below the structure to where there is vibration and shock absorption as... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Setting up for transcription in mammals is regulated by many cis-regulatory elements, including core promoter and promoter-proximal elements that are located near the transcription start sites of genes. Core promoters combined with general transcription factors are sufficient to direct transcription initiation, but gen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The high stereospecificity and stereoselectivity inherent in many TMM cycloaddition reactions is a significant advantage; for instance, the trans ring junction in TMM cycloaddition adduct 2 was carried through in a synthesis of (+)-brefeldin A. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prehistoric man inhabited the Portlethen Moss area as evidenced by well preserved Iron Age stone circles and other excavated artifacts nearby. Obviously only the outcrops and ridge areas would have been habitable, but the desirability of primitive habitation would have been enhanced by proximity to the sea and natural ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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