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A memory foam mattress is usually denser than other foam mattresses, making it both more supportive and heavier. Memory foam mattresses are often sold for higher prices than traditional mattresses. Memory foam used in mattresses is commonly manufactured in densities ranging from less than 24kg/m (1.5 lb/ft) to 128kg/m ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Classical examples of polymorphism are the pair of minerals calcite and aragonite, both forms of calcium carbonate. Allotropy is the term used for elements, for example diamond versus graphite, and in metallurgy.
β-HgS precipitates as a black solid when Hg(II) salts are treated with HS. With gentle heating of the slur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Edmond–Ogston model is a thermodynamic model proposed by Elizabeth Edmond and Alexander George Ogston in 1968 to describe phase separation of two-component polymer mixtures in a common solvent. At the core of the model is an expression for the Helmholtz free energy
that takes into account terms in the concentratio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
cAMP is associated with kinases function in several biochemical processes, including the regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism.
In eukaryotes, cyclic AMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase). PKA is normally inactive as a tetrameric holoenzyme, consisting of two cat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The company sells a special soap – available to authorities but not the general public – that neutralises the smell of skunk water if officers are accidentally sprayed. It has been suggested that rubbing a surface contaminated with skunk with ketchup, similar to treating a real skunk spray with tomato juice, and then w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Once the mutation has been codified and the protein is functional, there is no chance to turn back and we will speak about a mutated individual. However, if the mutant dally is codified but it is not performing its function yet, a chaperone can identify it and try to correct the mutation, or directly send it to a prote... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The linear (simple) types of inhibition can be classified in terms of the general equation for mixed inhibition at an inhibitor concentration :
in which is the competitive inhibition constant and is the uncompetitive inhibition constant. This equation includes the other types of inhibition as special cases:
* If the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Downregulation of gene expression via siRNA has been an important research tool in in vitro studies. Susceptibility of siRNAs to nuclease degradation, though, makes use of them in vivo problematic. In 2005, researchers working with hepatitis B virus(HBV) in rodents, determined that certain modifications of the siRNA ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Various polymers such as poloxamers exhibit in situ gelling properties. Because of these properties they can be administered as liquid formulations forming stable gels once having reached their site of application. An unintended rapid elimination or outflow of the formulation from mucosal membranes such as the ocular, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. In an ideal mixture, the microscopic interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or macroscopically equivalent, the enthalpy change of solution and volume v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Spectral signature is the variation of reflectance or emittance of a material with respect to wavelengths (i.e., reflectance/emittance as a function of wavelength). The spectral signature of stars indicates the composition of the stellar atmosphere. The spectral signature of an object is a function of the incidental E... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are also three structural isomers of the hydrocarbon :
In two of the isomers, the three carbon atoms are connected in an open chain, but in one of them (propadiene or allene; I) the carbons are connected by two double bonds, while in the other (propyne or methylacetylene; II) they are connected by a single bond a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In humans and many other animals, acid–base homeostasis is maintained by multiple mechanisms involved in three lines of defense:
# Chemical: The first lines of defense are immediate, consisting of the various chemical buffers which minimize pH changes that would otherwise occur in their absence. These buffers include t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Following its introduction to Europe from the New World in the late 15th century, natural rubber (polyisoprene) was regarded mostly as a fascinating curiosity. Its most useful application was its ability to erase pencil marks on paper by rubbing, hence its name. One of its most peculiar properties is a slight (but dete... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Quantum crystallography is a branch of crystallography that investigates crystalline materials within the framework of quantum mechanics, with analysis and representation, in position or in momentum space, of quantities like wave function, electron charge and spin density, density matrices and all properties related to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfonate esters are often leaving groups in nucleophilic substitution reactions. See the articles on sulfonyl and sulfonate groups for further information.
*Bs for the brosyl (p-bromobenzenesulfonyl) group; OBs is the brosylate group
*Ms for the mesyl (methanesulfonyl) group; OMs is the mesylate group
*Ns for the nosy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Quinone molecules have been used as anolytes in alkaline AROFBs. Another anolyte candidate is fluorenone, reengineered to increase its water solubility. A reversible ketone (de)hydrogenation demonstration cell operated continuously for 120 days over 1,111 charging cycles at room temperature without a catalyst, retaini... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is now more than one two-phase region. The tie line drawn is from the solid alpha to the liquid and by dropping a vertical line down at these points the mass fraction of each phase is directly read off the graph, that is the mass fraction in the x axis element. The same equations can be used to find the mass frac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanism of action of aspirin involves irreversible inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase; therefore suppressing the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, thus reducing pain and inflammation. This mechanism of action is specific to aspirin and is not constant for all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pacific West Coast Inorganic Lectureship, USA and Canada, 1985; Gold Medal "S. Cannizzaro", Italian Chemical Society, 1988; Doctorate "Honoris Causa", University of Fribourg (CH), 1989; Accademia dei Lincei Award in Chemistry, Italy, 1992; Ziegler-Natta Lecturer, Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Germany, 1994; Italgas ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In early 1900, Max Trautz and William Lewis studied the rate of the reaction using collision theory, based on the kinetic theory of gases. Collision theory treats reacting molecules as hard spheres colliding with one another; this theory neglects entropy changes, since it assumes that the collision between molecules ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In E. coli amino acid starvation inhibited DNA replication at the initiation stage at oriC, most probably owing to the lack of the DnaA replication initiation protein. In B. subtilis, the replication arrest due to (p)ppGpp accumulation is caused by the binding of an Rtp protein to specific sites about 100-200kb away fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Point groups in three dimensions, sometimes called molecular point groups after their wide use in studying symmetries of molecules.
They come in 7 infinite families of axial groups (also called prismatic), and 7 additional polyhedral groups (also called Platonic). In Schönflies notation,
* Axial groups: C, S, C, C, D,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The analytical and approximated solutions should now be compared in order to decide when it is valid to use the steady state approximation. The analytical solution transforms into the approximate one when because then and Therefore, it is valid to apply the steady state approximation only if the second reaction is m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Infrared spectroscopy is based on the fact that molecules absorb electromagnetic radiation at characteristic frequencies related to their vibrational structure. Infrared (IR) spectroelectrochemistry is a technique that allows the characterization of molecules based on the resistance, stiffness and number of bonds prese... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many liquids are used as solvents, to dissolve other liquids or solids. Solutions are found in a wide variety of applications, including paints, sealants, and adhesives. Naphtha and acetone are used frequently in industry to clean oil, grease, and tar from parts and machinery. Body fluids are water-based solutions.
Sur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dunne completed a Bachelor of Science and Master of Engineering degree from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol by 1989, and moved to the Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, for a Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Aided Modelling of Creep-cyclic Plastici... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The metalation of carboranes is illustrated by the reactions of closo- with iron carbonyl sources. Two closo Fe- and -containing products are obtained, according to these idealized equations:
Base-induced degradation of carboranes give anionic nido derivatives, which can also be employed as ligands for transition metal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, the Schöniger oxidation (also known as the Schöniger flask test or the oxygen flask method) is a method of elemental analysis developed by Wolfgang Schöniger.
The test is conducted in an Erlenmeyer flask, or in a separatory funnel. It involves the combustion of a sample in pure oxygen, followed by the abs... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are five stages in the treatment process:
#Fill
#React
#Settle
#Decant
#Idle
First, the inlet valve is opened and the tank is filled, while mixing is provided by mechanical means, but no air is added yet. This stage is also called the anoxic stage. During the second stage, aeration of the mixed liquor is performe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* ATRX-syndrome (α-thalassemia X-linked mental retardation) and α-thalassemia myelodysplasia syndrome are caused by mutations in ATRX, a SNF2-related ATPase with a PHD finger domain.
* CHARGE syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder, has been linked recently to haploinsufficiency of CHD7, which encodes the CHD family A... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
More organic matter is preserved in sediments if there is high primary production, or the sediment is fine-grained. The lack of oxygen helps preservation greatly, and that also is caused by a large supply of organic matter. Soil does not usually preserve organic matter, it would need to be acidified or water logged, as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As of 2016, challenges including optimizing sample treatment, optimizing disk surfaces, developing readers that can deploy multiple colors of light delivery and sensing for multiplexing, and for clinical use, obtaining regulatory approvals. The field is similar to lab-on-a-chip platforms.
As of 2010 companies includi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reverse Krebs cycle, also known as reverse TCA cycle (rTCA) or reductive citric acid cycle, is an alternative to the standard Calvin-Benson cycle for carbon fixation. It has been found in strict anaerobic or microaerobic bacteria (as Aquificales) and anaerobic archea. It was discovered by Evans, Buchanan and Arnon ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
T-1123 can be produced from m-diethylaminophenol, methyl isocyanate and methyl iodide. First, m-diethylaminophenol is reacted with methyl isocyanate to produce a methylcarbamate. The resulting methylcarbamate is then reacted with methyl iodide to produce T-1123. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The active sites in PepA and in bovine lens LAP have been found to be similar. Shown in the picture below is the proposed model for the active site of LAP-A in tomato based on the work of Strater et al. It is also known that the biochemistry of the LAPs from these three kingdoms is very similar. PepA, bovine lens LAP, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prebiotic synthesis of amino acids, nucleobases, lipids, and other building blocks of protocells and metabolisms is still poorly understood. Proposed reactions that produce individual components such as the Strecker synthesis of amino acids, the formose reaction for the production of sugars, and prebiotic syntheses for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microbial Prospecting for oil and gas (MPOG) can be used to identify prospective areas for oil and gas occurrences. In many cases, oil and gas is known to seep toward the surface as a hydrocarbon reservoir will usually leak or have leaked towards the surface through buoyancy forces overcoming sealing pressures. These h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The synthesis consists of three steps. In the first step, 2-iodobenzoic acid is oxidized by sodium periodate and cyclized to 1-hydroxy-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one. The target compound can then be obtained by acylation with acetic anhydride and subsequent substitution reaction with trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane.
Alternat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For experimental setups of chemisorption, the amount of adsorption of a particular system is quantified by a sticking probability value.
However, chemisorption is very difficult to theorize. A multidimensional potential energy surface (PES) derived from effective medium theory is used to describe the effect of the sur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While the colloidal gold assay is the most sensitive in-solution colorimetric protein assay, it may be equally sensitive or surpassed in sensitivity by fluorescent protein assays such as the CBQCA, FQ, NanoOrange, Quant-iT, and EZQ assays. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Different polymer surfaces have different side chains on their monomers that can become charged due to the adsorption or dissociation of adsorbates. For example, polystyrene sulfonate has monomers containing negatively charged side chains which can adsorb positively charged adsorbates. Polystyrene sulfonate will adsorb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In mathematics, Ladyzhenskayas inequality is any of a number of related functional inequalities named after the Soviet Russian mathematician Olga Aleksandrovna Ladyzhenskaya. The original such inequality, for functions of two real variables, was introduced by Ladyzhenskaya in 1958 to prove the existence and uniqueness... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The regulatory subunit dimer of PKA is important for localizing the kinase inside the cell. The dimerization and docking (D/D) domain of the dimer binds to the A-kinase binding (AKB) domain of A-kinase anchor protein (AKAP). The AKAPs localize PKA to various locations (e.g., plasma membrane, mitochondria, etc.) within... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Place has worked since the 1970s as a sculptor, jeweler and illustrator. His sculpture has been exhibited on the White House Christmas tree, in the New York State Museum, the Delaware Art Museum, and the Irish American Heritage Museum. Place’s jewelry has been exhibited in the American Craft Museum, the Philadelphia ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Despite the promising outcomes of the two techniques, pronuclear transfer and spindle transfer, mitochondrial gene replacement raises ethical and social concerns.
Mitochondrial donation involves modification of the germline, and hence such modifications would be passed on to subsequent generations. Using human embryos ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The evolutionary zoologist Thomas N. Sherratt suggests that different types of mimicry occur in brand and product marketing. He notes that distinctive forms like the Coca-Cola bottles shape are defended by businesses, whereas rival companies have often imitated such famous motifs to benefit from the investment and repu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By sperm washing, the risk that a chronic disease in the individual providing the sperm would infect the birthing parent or offspring can be brought to negligible levels.
If the sperm donor has hepatitis B, The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine advises that sperm washing is not necess... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1910, Goldberg married Ullman. In 1923, they moved back to Geneva when Ullman accepted a faculty position at Geneva University.
Her exact death date is not known, but her name does appear at the top of a list of people signing a memorial notice in a Geneva newspaper for her deceased husband, Fritz Ullmann in 1939. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Detailed predictions were made in the late 1970s for the production of jets at the CERN Super Proton–Antiproton Synchrotron. UA2 observed the first evidence for jet production in hadron collisions in 1981, which shortly after was confirmed by UA1.
The subject was later revived at RHIC. One of the most striking physica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For calculating the flow of liquid with a free surface, the hydraulic radius must be determined. This is the cross-sectional area of the channel divided by the wetted perimeter. For a semi-circular channel, it is a quarter of the diameter (in case of full pipe flow). For a rectangular channel, the hydraulic radius is t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polyurethane foam is a specialist material used for thermal insulation and other applications. It is a solid polymeric foam based on polyurethane chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcriptional adaptation is a recently described type of genetic compensation by which a mutation in one gene leads to the transcriptional modulation of related genes, termed adapting genes or modifiers. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Within statistical mechanics, the LCST may be modeled theoretically via the lattice fluid model, an extension of Flory–Huggins solution theory, that incorporates vacancies, and thus accounts for variable density and compressibility effects. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cephalosporin class is very extensive so a good classification system is necessary to distinguish different cephalosporins from each other. There are few chemical and activity features that could be used for classification, for example chemical structure, side chain properties, pharmacokinetic, spectrum of activity... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bioluminescence is the process of light emission in living organisms. Bioluminescence imaging utilizes native light emission from one of several organisms which bioluminesce, also known as luciferase enzymes. The three main sources are the North American firefly, the sea pansy (and related marine organisms), and bacter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Copper-catalyzed allylic substitutions are chemical reactions with unique regioselectivity compared to other transition-metal-catalyzed allylic substitutions such as the Tsuji-Trost reaction. They involve copper catalysts and "hard" carbon nucleophiles. The mechanism of copper-catalyzed allylic substitutions involves t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It may be used in combination with other antibiotics to treat pneumonia and can be used to prevent infection before surgery, particularly heart, lung, or bone surgery. When used to treat endocarditis, in combination with other antibiotics or alone, the dose of flucloxacillin may need to exceed the usual dose. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In humans, anandamide is biosynthesized from N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). In turn, NAPE arises by transfer of arachidonic acid from lecithin to the free amine of cephalin through an N-acyltransferase enzyme. Anandamide synthesis from NAPE occurs via multiple pathways and includes enzymes such as phos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Each article at WikiPathways is dedicated to a particular pathway. Many types of molecular pathways are covered, including metabolic, signaling, regulatory, etc. and the supported species include human, mouse, zebrafish, fruit fly, C. elegans, yeast, rice and arabidopsis, as well as bacteria and plant species. Using a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a normal thermal reactor, tin-121m has a very low fission product yield; thus, this isotope is not a significant contributor to nuclear waste. Fast fission or fission of some heavier actinides will produce Sn at higher yields. For example, its yield from U-235 is 0.0007% per thermal fission and 0.002% per fast fissi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brinelling is a material surface failure caused by Hertz contact stress that exceeds the material limit. It usually occurs in situations where a significant load force is distributed over a relatively small surface area. Brinelling typically results from a heavy or repeated impact load, either while stopped or during r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SLMDs are known to accumulate cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc, and have been deployed in freshwater monitoring studies by The Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) and the USGS.
Ecology deployed SLMDs in upper and lower Indian Creek for 28 and 27 days respectively. Metal concentrations on the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Paraffinic hydrocarbons are part of the alkane series, and are the most common hydrocarbon found in crude oil. Paraffins are often a part of gasoline, making them comparatively more valuable.
Paraffinic hydrocarbons are also known as alkanes, and are represented by the formula CH, where n is a positive integer. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Diplôme dÉtat de chimiste, École denseignement technique féminine, 1929
* Doctorat des Sciences, Sorbonne, 1946 | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pyrazinamide has at least 4 polymorphs. All of them transforms to stable α form at room temperature upon storage or mechanical treatment. Recent studies prove that α form is thermodynamically stable at room temperature. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The extent of adsorption at a liquid interface can be evaluated using the surface tension concentration data and the Gibbs adsorption equation. The microtome blade method is used to determine the weight and molal concentration of an interface. The method involves attaining a one square meter portion of air-liquid in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fragment-based lead discovery (FBLD) also known as fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a method used for finding lead compounds as part of the drug discovery process. Fragments are small organic molecules which are small in size and low in molecular weight. It is based on identifying small chemical fragments, which... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, thioesters are organosulfur compounds with the molecular structure . They are analogous to carboxylate esters () with the sulfur in the thioester replacing oxygen in the carboxylate ester, as implied by the thio- prefix. They are the product of esterification of a carboxylic acid () with a thiol ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Batesian mimicry is a case of protective or defensive mimicry, where the mimic does best by avoiding confrontations with the signal receiver. It is a disjunct system, which means that all three parties are from different species. An example would be the robber fly Mallophora bomboides, which is a Batesian mimic of its ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium trimethylsilyl propionate (TSP) is a related compound used as an NMR standard. It uses a carboxylic acid instead of the sulfonic acid found in DSS to confer water solubility. As a weak acid, TSP is more sensitive to changes in pH.
4,4-Dimethyl-4-silapentane-1-ammonium trifluoroacetate (DSA) has also been propose... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cyclization of the enediyne functional group creates a transient reactive 1,4-benzenoid diradical that acts as a nucleophile and attacks electrophiles in order to achieve a more stable form. In biological systems, once the diradical is positioned in the minor groove of double-stranded DNA, it abstracts two hydrogen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Albert devoted the last tractatus of De Bono to a theory of justice and natural law. Albert places God as the pinnacle of justice and natural law. God legislates and divine authority is supreme. Up until his time, it was the only work specifically devoted to natural law written by a theologian or philosopher. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chiral inversion is the process of conversion of one enantiomer of a chiral molecule to its mirror-image version with no other change in the molecule.
Chiral inversion happens depending on various factors (viz. biological-, solvent-, light-, temperature- induced, etc.) and the energy barrier associated with the stereog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NacNac ligands are diimine analogues of acetylacetonate ligands. An intermediate class of ligands are derived from monoimino-ketones. The first Dipp-NacNac ligand was synthesized by Dr. Francis S. Mair in 1998. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Alkylation
*Methoxy
*Titanium–zinc methylenation
*Petasis reagent
*Nysted reagent
*Wittig reaction
*Tebbe's reagent | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Only two elements are liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure: mercury and bromine. Four more elements have melting points slightly above room temperature: francium, caesium, gallium and rubidium. In addition, certain mixtures of elements are liquid at room temperature, even if the individual element... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chemical plant Chemko in Strážske (east Slovakia) was an important producer of polychlorinated biphenyls for the former communist bloc (Comecon) until 1984. Chemko contaminated a large part of east Slovakia, especially the sediments of the Laborec river and reservoir Zemplínska šírava. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1970s and 1980s improved application technologies such as controlled droplet application (CDA) received extensive research interest, but commercial uptake has been disappointing. By controlling droplet size, ultra-low volume (ULV) or very low volume (VLV) application rates of pesticidal mixtures can achieve simi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a result of the surface tension inherent to liquids, curved surfaces are formed in order to minimize the area. This phenomenon arises from the energetic cost of forming a surface. As such the Gibbs free energy of the system is minimized when the surface is curved.
The Kelvin equation is based on thermodynamic princi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is applying therapeutic levels of radiation to a target area, such as a cancer tumor, while the area is exposed during surgery. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Instead of relying on standard diffusion to transfer the proteins from the gel to the filter, electroblotting is commonly used because it removes the denaturing agent SDS thereby allowing the proteins to renature as they move to the filter.
* Skim milk is added to the filter before hybridizing with probes as it con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A spectrohelioscope is a type of solar telescope designed by George Ellery Hale in 1924 to allow the Sun to be viewed in a selected wavelength of light. The name comes from Latin- and Greek-based words: "Spectro," referring to the optical spectrum, "helio," referring to the Sun, and "scope," as in telescope.
The basic ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In November 1949, with the seminal paper, "Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease", in Science magazine, Linus Pauling, Harvey Itano and their collaborators laid the groundwork for establishing the field of molecular medicine. In 1956, Roger J. Williams wrote Biochemical Individuality, a prescient book about genetic... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Molecular recognition and self-assembly may be used with reactive species in order to pre-organize a system for a chemical reaction (to form one or more covalent bonds). It may be considered a special case of supramolecular catalysis. Non-covalent bonds between the reactants and a "template" hold the reactive sites of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For compounds with the formula MX, the chief alternative to octahedral geometry is a trigonal prismatic geometry, which has symmetry D. In this geometry, the six ligands are also equivalent. There are also distorted trigonal prisms, with C symmetry; a prominent example is . The interconversion of Δ- and Λ-complexes, wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In polynuclear compounds with metal-metal bonds these are shown after the element name as follows:
(3 Os—Os) in Decacarbonyldihydridotriosmium.
A pair of brackets contain a count of the bonds formed (if greater than 1), followed by the italicised element atomic symbols separated by an "em-dash". | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Perturb-seq couples CRISPR mediated gene knockdowns with single-cell gene expression. Linear models are used to calculate the effect of the knockdown of a single gene on the expression of multiple genes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2007, G. Wrigge, I. Gerhardt, J. Hwang, G. Zumofen, and V. Sandoghdar developed an efficient method to observe resonance fluorescence for an entire molecule as opposed to its typical observation in a single atom.
Instead of coupling the electric field to a single atom, they were able to replicate two-level systems i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Moon stands out as being very depleted in volatiles.
The Moon not only lacks water and atmospheric gases, but also lacks moderately volatile elements such as K, Na, and Cl. The Earth's K/U ratio is 12,000, while the Moon has a K/U ratio of only 2,000. This difference suggests that the material that formed the Moon ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Small nuclei that are larger than hydrogen can combine into bigger ones and release energy, but in combining such nuclei, the amount of energy released is much smaller compared to hydrogen fusion. The reason is that while the overall process releases energy from letting the nuclear attraction do its work, energy must f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The crystallographic directions are geometric lines linking nodes (atoms, ions or molecules) of a crystal. Likewise, the crystallographic planes are geometric planes linking nodes. Some directions and planes have a higher density of nodes. These high density planes have an influence on the behavior of the crystal as fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcription factor 7-like 2 (T-cell specific, HMG-box), also known as TCF7L2 or TCF4, is a protein acting as a transcription factor that, in humans, is encoded by the TCF7L2 gene. The TCF7L2 gene is located on chromosome 10q25.2–q25.3, contains 19 exons. As a member of the TCF family, TCF7L2 can form a bipartite tran... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stereographic projection is also applied to the visualization of polytopes. In a Schlegel diagram, an -dimensional polytope in is projected onto an -dimensional sphere, which is then stereographically projected onto . The reduction from to can make the polytope easier to visualize and understand. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The lac repressor was first isolated by Walter Gilbert and Benno Müller-Hill in 1966. They showed that in vitro the protein bound to DNA containing the lac operon, and it released the DNA when IPTG (an analog of allolactose) was added. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An acid test is a qualitative chemical or metallurgical assay utilizing acid. Historically, it often involved the use of a robust acid to distinguish gold from base metals. Figuratively, the term represents any definitive test for attributes, such as gauging a persons character or evaluating a products performance. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
B. D. Kulkarni, born on 5 May 1949 into a Deshastha Brahmin family in Nagpur in the western Indian state of Maharashtra, did his schooling at New English High School and after passing the matriculation with distinction in 1964, he did his pre-university course at Hislop College before joining Laxminarayan Institute of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DSSCs degrade when exposed to light. In 2014 air infiltration of the commonly-used amorphous Spiro-MeOTAD hole-transport layer was identified as the primary cause of the degradation, rather than oxidation. The damage could be avoided by the addition of an appropriate barrier.
The barrier layer may include UV stabilizer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The naturality of different aroma can also be checked using SNIF-NMR: for example for anethole, abundance of only six monodeuterated isotopomers can be measured by H-SNIF-NMR that allows differentiating the botanical origins fennel, star anise or pine.
Other applications:
The SNIF-NMR applied to benzaldehyde can detect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The wake is the region of disturbed flow (often turbulent) downstream of a solid body moving through a fluid, caused by the flow of the fluid around the body.
For a blunt body in subsonic external flow, for example the Apollo or Orion capsules during descent and landing, the wake is massively separated and behind the b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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