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Papers published prior to a recent community consensus employ differing sets of nomenclature. The precursor peptide has been referred to previously as prepeptide, prepropeptide, or structural peptide. The leader peptide has been referred to as a propeptide, pro-region, or intervening region. Historical alternate terms ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Accelerated testing of adhesives is used to predict long term performance of adhesive exposed to a variety of environmental factors. Adhesives are sometimes used as load bearing and sealing joints, which points great stress on them. In accelerated testing, factors like the temperature, moisture, vibrations, voltage, an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
HIV protease inhibitors are used to treat patients having AIDS virus by preventing its DNA replication. HIV protease is used by the virus to cleave Gag-Pol polyprotein into 3 smaller proteins that are responsible for virion assembly, package and maturation. This enzyme targets the specific phenylalanine-proline cleave ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Retinaldehyde is a retinol (vitamin A) derivative responsible for vision. It binds rhodopsin, a well-characterized GPCR that binds all-cis retinal in its inactive state. Upon photoisomerization by a photon the cis-retinal is converted to trans-retinal causing activation of rhodopsin which ultimately leads to depolari... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The occurrence of amorphous phases turned out to be a phenomenon of particular interest for the studying of thin-film growth. The growth of polycrystalline films is often used and preceded by an initial amorphous layer, the thickness of which may amount to only a few nm. The most investigated example is represented by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a hydrogen bond, the electronegative atom not covalently attached to the hydrogen is named the proton acceptor, whereas the one covalently bound to the hydrogen is named the proton donor. This nomenclature is recommended by the IUPAC. The hydrogen of the donor is protic and therefore can act as a Lewis acid and the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SR deficiency is currently being treated using a combination therapy of levodopa and carbidopa. These treatments are also used for individuals suffering from Parkinson's. The treatment is noninvasive and only requires the patient to take oral tablets 3 or 4 times a day, where the dosage of levodopa and carbidopa is det... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Similar to the process of distillation, gas-liquid chromatography (typically referred to as gas chromatography, or, more simply, GC) utilises a distillation tower to separate the petroleum. However, compared to distillation's 2 to 300 theoretical plates, gas chromatography includes more than 25,000. This provides a gre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids. They are not found in higher plants. Pyrenoids are roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies which are a site of starch accumulation in plants that contain them. They consist of a matrix opaque to electrons, surrounded by two hemisph... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Masri was born and raised in Nablus, Palestine. After leaving Nablus, Masri continued his education in Egypt, before moving to the United States, where he graduated from Virginia Tech with a B.S. in Chemical Engineering in 1983. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Micro-sized ZnO tetrapodal particles added to pilot paper production. The most common are one-dimensional nanostructures, such as nanorods, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanowires, but also nanoplates, nanosheets, nanospheres, tetrapods. ZnO is strongly oxidative, chemically stable, with enhanced photocatalytic activity, and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A kodecyte (ko•de•cyte) is a living cell that has been modified (koded) by the incorporation of one or more function-spacer-lipid constructs (FSL constructs) to gain a new or novel biological, chemical or technological function. The cell is modified by the lipid tail of the FSL construct incorporating into the bilipid ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Hony. dean, College of Chemical Sciences and chairman – academic board: Prof J N Oleap Fernando, C.Chem. (Chartered Chemist), C.Sci.
*Vice-chairman, academic board: Prof. G M K B Gunaherath, C.Chem. (Chartered Chemist)
*Secretary for educational affairs: Ms. P M Jayasinha, C.Chem. (Chartered Chemist)
*Asst. secretary ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first reported use of a PPG in the scientific literature was by Barltrop and Schofield, who in 1962 used 253.7 nm light to release glycine from N-benzylglycine. Following this initial report, the field rapidly expanded throughout the 1970s as Kaplan and Epstein studied PPGs in a variety of biochemical systems. Duri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The oldest cast iron water pipes date from the 17th century and were installed to distribute water throughout the gardens of the Chateau de Versailles. These amount to some 35 km of pipe, typically 1 m lengths with flanged joints. The extreme age of these pipes make them of considerable historical value. Despite ext... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A shear layer develops viscous instability and forms Tollmien–Schlichting waves which grow, while still laminar, into finite amplitude (1 to 2 percent of the freestream velocity) three-dimensional fluctuations in velocity and pressure to develop three-dimensional unstable waves and hairpin eddies. From then on, the pro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For transition metals, oxidative reaction results in the decrease in the d to a configuration with fewer electrons, often 2e fewer. Oxidative addition is favored for metals that are (i) basic and/or (ii) easily oxidized. Metals with a relatively low oxidation state often satisfy one of these requirements, but even high... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are relatively few published examples of demonstrations or recreation of the experiment. Two physicists in the University of Washington system reported on demonstrations to students and colleagues and produced directions for re-creating the experiment in 1985 as part of an investigation into the role of the exper... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biopolymers are polymers produced by living organisms. Cellulose and starch, proteins and peptides, and DNA and RNA are all examples of biopolymers, in which the monomeric units, respectively, are sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides. Cellulose is both the most common biopolymer and the most common organic compound on ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Biological Aerated (or Anoxic) Filter (BAF) or Biofilters combine filtration with biological carbon reduction, nitrification or denitrification. BAF usually includes a reactor filled with a filter media. The media is either in suspension or supported by a gravel layer at the foot of the filter. The dual purpose of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The breakdown of phytoplankton in the environment depends on the presence of oxygen, and once oxygen is no longer in the bodies of water, ligninperoxidases cannot continue to break down the lignin. When oxygen is not present in the water, the time required for breakdown of phytoplankton changes from 10.7 days to a tota... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
7-Methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (mTBD) is a bicyclic strong guanidine base (pK = 25.43 in CHCN and pK = 17.9 in THF). mTBD, like [[Triazabicyclodecene|1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene]] and other guanidine super bases, can be used as a catalyst in a variety of chemical reactions. It also reacts with CO,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Imidazolidinones are catalysts for many transformations such as asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions and Michael additions. Chiral catalysts induce asymmetric reactions, often with high enantioselectivities. This catalyst works by forming an iminium ion with carbonyl groups of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (enals) and enones ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A stepwise model for the emergence of chemiosmosis, a key element in the origin of life on earth, proposes that primordial organisms used thermal cycling as an energy source (thermosynthesis), functioning essentially as a heat engine:
:self-organized convection in natural waters causing thermal cycling →
:: added β-sub... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to an RNA transcript, typically a messenger RNA (mRNA). The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature mRNA fo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, or more commonly DBU, is a chemical compound and belongs to the class of amidine compounds. It is used in organic synthesis as a catalyst, a complexing ligand, and a non-nucleophilic base. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Even with current technologies, hECT structure and function is more at the level of newborn heart muscle than adult myocardium. Nonetheless, important advances have led to the generation of hECT patches for myocardial repair in animal models and use for in vitro models of drug screening. hECTs can also be used to exper... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
L. D. Landau's phenomenological and semi-microscopic theory of superfluidity of helium-4 earned him the Nobel Prize in physics, in 1962. Assuming that sound waves are the most important excitations in helium-4 at low temperatures, he showed that helium-4 flowing past a wall would not spontaneously create excitations if... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Classical dyes and pigments produce color by the absorption and reflection of light; these are the materials that make a major impact on the color of our daily lives. In 2000, world production of organic dyes was 800,000 tonnes and of organic pigments, 250,000 tonnes and the volume has grown at a steady rate throughou... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Enamines are labile and therefore chemically useful moieties which can be easily produced from commercially available starting reagents. A common route for enamine production is via an acid-catalyzed nucleophilic reaction of ketone or aldehyde species containing an α-hydrogen with secondary amines. Acid catalysis is n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Classical qualitative inorganic analysis is a method of analytical chemistry which seeks to find the elemental composition of inorganic compounds. It is mainly focused on detecting ions in an aqueous solution, therefore materials in other forms may need to be brought to this state before using standard methods. The sol... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water at 25 °C is 8.2 mM, and the aggregation number at this concentration is usually considered to be about 62. The micelle ionization fraction (α) is around 0.3 (or 30%). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In another study, Rollins and Dill (2014) introduces the Foldon Funnel Model, a new addition to previous folding funnels, in which secondary structures form sequentially along the folding pathway and are stabilized by tertiary interactions. The model predicts that the free energy landscape has a volcano shape instead o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is a protein complex located in the inner mitochondrial matrix that functions to take up calcium ions (Ca2+) into the matrix from the cytoplasm. The transport of calcium ions is specifically used in cellular function for regulating energy production in the mitochondria, cytosol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The flammable nature of the exhalations of wine was already known to ancient natural philosophers such as Aristotle (384–322 BCE), Theophrastus (–287 BCE), and Pliny the Elder (23/24–79 CE). However, this did not immediately lead to the isolation of alcohol, even despite the development of more advanced distillation te... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zuzanna Stefania Siwy (born 1972) is a Polish–American chemist at the University of California, Irvine. Her research considers synthetic nanopores and their application in ionic devices. She is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science and Foundation for Polish Scien... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EGF; LDLR; LRP1; LRP10; LRP1B; LRP2; LRP4; LRP5;
LRP5L; LRP6; LRP8; NID1; NID2; SORL1; VLDLR; | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mechanical clock mechanisms are sensitive to temperature changes as each part has tiny tolerance and it leads to errors in time keeping. A bimetallic strip is used to compensate this phenomenon in the mechanism of some timepieces. The most common method is to use a bimetallic construction for the circular rim of the ba... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SI-unit for mass concentration is kg/m (kilogram/cubic metre). This is the same as mg/mL and g/L. Another commonly used unit is g/(100 mL), which is identical to g/dL (gram/decilitre). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is conflicting evidence about the benefits of interventions with vitamin D. Supplementation of between 800 and 1,000 IU is safe, but higher levels leading to blood levels of more than 50ng/mL (125nmol/L) may cause adverse effects.
The US Office of Dietary Supplements established a Vitamin D Initiative over 2004–1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PIV has been applied to a wide range of flow problems, varying from the flow over an aircraft wing in a wind tunnel to vortex formation in prosthetic heart valves. 3-dimensional techniques have been sought to analyze turbulent flow and jets.
Rudimentary PIV algorithms based on cross-correlation can be implemented in a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In petroleum industry parlance, production refers to the quantity of crude extracted from reserves, not the literal creation of the product. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Asymmetric Heck reactions establish quaternary or tertiary stereocenters. If migratory insertion generates a quaternary center adjacent to the palladium-carbon bond (as in reactions of trisubstituted or 1,1-disubstituted alkenes), β-hydride elimination toward that center is not possible and it is retained in the produc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is 0–4 mg/kg under both EU and WHO/FAO guidelines.
Sunset yellow FCF has no carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, or developmental toxicity in the amounts at which it is used.
It has been claimed since the late 1970s, under the advocacy of Benjamin Feingold, that sunset yellow FCF causes foo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
General Control Non-Derepressible 5 (Gcn5) –related N-Acetyltransferases (GNATs) is one of the many studied families with acetylation abilities. This superfamily includes the factors Gcn5 which is included in the SAGA, SLIK, STAGA, ADA, and A2 complexes, Gcn5L, p300/CREB-binding protein associated factor (PCAF), Elp3, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The hydrogen ion, or hydronium ion, is a Brønsted–Lowry acid when dissolved in HO and the hydroxide ion is a base because of the self-separating reaction
An analogous reaction occurs in liquid ammonia
Thus, the ammonium ion, , in liquid ammonia corresponds to the hydronium ion in water and the amide ion, in ammonia, t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the field of medicine, pelletization is referred to as the agglomeration process that converts fine powders or granules into more or less spherical pellets. The use of the technology increased because it allows for the controlled release of dosage form, which also lead to a uniform absorption with less mucosal irrit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The function of protein paucimannosylation remains largely unexplored in vertebrates. Recent literature however has emerged demonstrating that paucimannosylation play roles in mediating pathophysiological processes such as in inflammation, pathogen infection, cancer and in the development of stem cells and in normal ho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal dusting is "a catastrophic form of corrosion that occurs when susceptible materials are exposed to environments with high carbon activities." The corrosion manifests itself as a break-up of bulk metal to metal powder. The suspected mechanism is firstly the deposition of a graphite layer on the surface of the meta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
If bodies are prepared with separately microscopically stationary states, and are then put into purely thermal connection with each other, by conductive or radiative pathways, they will be in thermal equilibrium with each other just when the connection is followed by no change in either body. But if initially they are ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Complex metallic alloys is an umbrella term for intermetallic compounds with a relatively large unit cell. There is no precise definition of how large the unit cell of a complex metallic alloy has to be, but the broadest definition includes Zintl phases, skutterudites, and Heusler compounds on the most simple end, and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A DNA-gelatin mixture may be used for printing onto a slide. Gelatin powder is first dissolved in sterile Milli-Q water to form a 0.2% gelatin solution. Purified DNA plasmid is then mixed with the gelatin solution, and the final gelatin concentration is kept greater than 0.17%. Besides gelatin, atelocollagen and fibron... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Holmes undergraduate studies and masters research were conducted at the University of Melbourne where he was resident at Ormond College. Travelling to the UK on a Shell Overseas Science Scholarship, he performed his PhD work at University College London under the supervision of Franz Sondheimer. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first protein complex of the photosynthesis component light-dependent reactions is referred to as photosystem II. The complex utilizes an enzyme to capture photons of light, providing the greater photosynthesis process with all of the electrons needed to produce ATP. Photosystem II is particularly temperature sensi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The recent development of electron spectroscopy makes it possible to reveal the electronic structures of molecules. Although this is mainly accomplished by electron analysers, electrostatic lenses also play a significant role in the development of electron spectroscopy.
Since electron spectroscopy detects several physi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A hydrogen analyzer can be used for direct measurement of hydrogen in liquid aluminium. Direct monitoring of hydrogen is possible using an on-line quantitative measurement technology based on a closed-loop gas recirculation method though a porous ceramic probe.
Since its introduction in 1989, this gas recirculation met... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrokinetic phenomena are a family of several different effects that occur in heterogeneous fluids, or in porous bodies filled with fluid, or in a fast flow over a flat surface. The term heterogeneous here means a fluid containing particles. Particles can be solid, liquid or gas bubbles with sizes on the scale of a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The field of crystallography, where X-rays are shone through crystals of a solid material, was founded by William Henry Bragg and his son William Lawrence Bragg at the Institute of Physics during and after World War II. Materials science became a major established discipline following the onset of the Silicon Age and I... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dialysis is useful for many of the same desalting and buffer exchange applications performed with gel filtration chromatography, as both methods are based on similar molecular weight cut-off limits. Gel filtration has the advantage of speed (a few minutes vs. hours for dialysis) along with the ability to remove contami... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EQCM can be used to ideally modify polymer membranes together with other electrochemical measurements or surface characterization methods. A team has used CV, UV-Vis, IR and EQCM studied irreversible changes of some polythiophenes in the electrochemical reduction process in acetonitrile. Later on they used AFM and EQCM... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Knock-in technology is different from knockout technology in that knockout technology aims to either delete part of the DNA sequence or insert irrelevant DNA sequence information to disrupt the expression of a specific genetic locus. Gene knock-in technology, on the other hand, alters the genetic locus of interest via ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Clay chemistry is an applied subdiscipline of chemistry which studies the chemical structures, properties and reactions of or involving clays and clay minerals. It is a multidisciplinary field, involving concepts and knowledge from inorganic and structural chemistry, physical chemistry, materials chemistry, analytical ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Waters was born Joyce Mary Partridge in Auckland on 2 June 1931, the daughter of Mary Elizabeth Partridge (née Harrison) and Thomas Harold Charles Partridge. She was educated at Diocesan School for Girls, Auckland, from 1938 to 1949, and went on to study at Auckland University College, graduating Bachelor of Science in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Less ambiguous than the above ichnogenera, are the traces left behind by invertebrates such as Hibbertopterus, a giant "sea scorpion" or eurypterid of the early Paleozoic era. This marine arthropod produced a spectacular track preserved in Scotland.
Bioerosion through time has produced a magnificent record of borings, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fulmer Research Institute was founded in 1945 by Col W C (Dev) Devereux and incorporated in 1946. He had been a pioneer in the use of light metal alloys in aero engines and, in the Second World War, he had an important role in the UK Ministry of Aircraft Production, organizing the assembly in Britain of American aircra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Gamma (γ): This is the matrix phase. While Co-based superalloys are less-used commercially, alloying elements include C, Cr, W, Ni, Ti, Al, Ir, and Ta. As in stainless steels, Chromium is used (occasionally up to 20 wt.%) to improve resistance to oxidation and corrosion via the formation of a CrO passive layer, which ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Colorimetric assays use reagents that undergo a measurable color change in the presence of the analyte. They are widely used in biochemistry to test for the presence of enzymes, specific compounds, antibodies, hormones and many more analytes. For example,
*para-Nitrophenylphosphate is converted into a yellow product b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Russell (1883) studied the chemical composition of the different tufa types in Lake Lahontan, a large Pleistocene system of multiple lakes in California, Nevada, and Oregon. Not surprisingly, it was found that the tufas consisted primarily of CaO and . However, they also contain minor constituents of MgO (~2 wt%), Fe/A... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In medical terminology, the term photopigment is applied to opsin-type photoreceptor proteins, specifically rhodopsin and photopsins, the photoreceptor proteins in the retinal rods and cones of vertebrates that are responsible for visual perception, but also melanopsin and others. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The two oil price shocks had many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy. They led to sustained reductions in demand as a result of substitution to other fuels, especially coal and nuclear, and improvements in energy efficiency, facilitated by government policies. High oil prices also i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In rare cases, carbido ligands are terminal. One example is with a Ru-C distance of 163 pm, typical for a triple bond. The complex can be obtained by metathesis of vinyl acetate to give results in a metastable complex, which eliminates acetic acid.
Such transition metal, one coordinate-carbon bonded complexes are co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A slurry is a mixture of denser solids suspended in liquid, usually water. The most common use of slurry is as a means of transporting solids or separating minerals, the liquid being a carrier that is pumped on a device such as a centrifugal pump. The size of solid particles may vary from 1 micrometre up to hundreds of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Simultaneous measurement of and for 1:1 adducts is routinely carried out using isothermal titration calorimetry. Extension to more complex systems is limited by the availability of suitable software. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The balance of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and denitrification alters the accuracy of f-ratio calculations. The f-ratio is used to quantify the efficiency of the biological pump, which reflects sequestering of carbon from the atmosphere to the deep sea. The f-ratio is calculated using estimates of new p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The FDA label contains warnings that rasagiline may cause severe hypertension or hypotension, may make people sleepy, may make motor control worse in some people, may cause hallucinations and psychotic-like behavior, may cause impulse control disorder, may increase the risk of melanoma, and upon withdrawal may cause hi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Indolicidin is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from neutrophil blood cells of cows. The mature peptide is just 13 amino acids, making it one of the smallest antimicrobial peptides known to be encoded as the primary product of the encoding antimicrobial peptide gene. Indolicidin is active against bacterial pathogens, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first use of a bioassay dates back to the late 19th century, when the foundation of bioassays was laid down by German physician Paul Ehrlich. He introduced the concept of standardization by the reactions of living matter. His bioassay on diphtheria antitoxin was the first bioassay to receive recognition. His use of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The energy density of sound waves decreases as they become farther apart so increasing the distance between the receiver and source results in a progressively lesser intensity of sound at the receiver. In a normal three-dimensional setting, with a point source and point receptor, the intensity of sound waves will be at... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alloying elements are added to a base metal, to induce hardness, toughness, ductility, or other desired properties. Most metals and alloys can be work hardened by creating defects in their crystal structure. These defects are created during plastic deformation by hammering, bending, extruding, et cetera, and are perman... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In deeper water, Stokes waves are unstable. This was shown by T. Brooke Benjamin and Jim E. Feir in 1967. The Benjamin–Feir instability is a side-band or modulational instability, with the side-band modulations propagating in the same direction as the carrier wave; waves become unstable on deeper water for a relative ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rain gardens are a form of stormwater management using water capture. Rain gardens are shallow depressed areas in the landscape, planted with shrubs and plants that are used to collect rainwater from roofs or pavement and allows for the stormwater to slowly infiltrate into the ground . Rain gardens mimic natural landsc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CerMet fuel consists of ceramic fuel particles (usually uranium oxide) embedded in a metal matrix. It is hypothesized that this type of fuel is what is used in United States Navy reactors. This fuel has high heat transport characteristics and can withstand a large amount of expansion. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Operational backscattering spectrometers at reactors include IN10, IN13, and IN16B at the Institut Laue-Langevin, the High Flux Backscattering Spectrometer (HFBS) at the NIST Center for Neutron Research,
the SPHERES instrument of Forschungszentrum Jülich at FRM II
and EMU at ANSTO. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This family of clusters includes the closo cages and their derivatives.
Isomerism is well established in this family:
*2,3- and 2,4-
*2,3- and 2,4-
*1,2- and 1,6-
*1,10-, 1,6-, and 1,2-
*1,2 and 1,3-. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Human perilipin-1 is composed by 522 amino acids, which add up to a molecular mass of 55.990 kDa. It presents an estimated number of 15 phosphorylation sites (residues 81, 85, 126, 130, 132, 137, 174, 299, 301, 382, 384, 408, 436, 497, 499 and 522) from which 3 -those in bold- have been suggested to be relevant for sti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Selenizza is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon bitumen found in native deposits in Selenice, in Albania, the only European asphalt mine still in use. The bitumen is found in the form of veins, filling cracks in a more or less horizontal direction. The bitumen content varies from 83% to 92% (soluble in carbon disu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Halothane is an ozone depleting substance with an ODP of 1.56 and it is calculated to be responsible for 1% of total stratospheric ozone layer depletion. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The radioactivity of all radioactive waste weakens with time. All radionuclides contained in the waste have a half-life — the time it takes for half of the atoms to decay into another nuclide. Eventually, all radioactive waste decays into non-radioactive elements (i.e., stable nuclides). Since radioactive decay follows... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In real-life situations, particles in solution do not have a fixed size, resulting in the probability that a particle that would otherwise be hampered by a pore passing right by it. Also, the stationary-phase particles are not ideally defined; both particles and pores may vary in size. Elution curves, therefore, resemb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Schlichting jet is a steady, laminar, round jet, emerging into a stationary fluid of the same kind with very high Reynolds number. The problem was formulated and solved by Hermann Schlichting in 1933, who also formulated the corresponding planar Bickley jet problem in the same paper. The Landau-Squire jet from a point ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DN does not exactly correspond to a size in millimeters, because ISO 6708 defines it as being a dimensionless specification only indirectly related to a diameter. The ISO 6708 sizes provide a metric name for existing inch sizes, resulting in a 1:1 correlation between NPS and DN sizes. ISO 6708 does not include values f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For standards relating to ventilation rates, in the United States refer to ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. These requirements are for "all spaces intended for human occupancy except those within single-family houses, multifamily structures of three stories or fewer above grade... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Also called Chimney effect or Stack effect, observes that warm air (from the hot shower) rises out over the shower curtain as cooler air (near the floor) pushes in under the curtain to replace the rising air. By pushing the curtain in towards the shower, the (short range) vortex and Coandă effects become more signific... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The self-information, also known as the information content of a signal, random variable, or event is defined as the negative logarithm of the probability of the given outcome occurring.
When applied to a discrete random variable, the self-information can be represented as
is the relative entropy of the probability dis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ETF-QO consists of one structural domain with three functional domains packed in close proximity: a FAD domain, a 4Fe4S cluster domain, and a UQ-binding domain. FAD is in an extended conformation and is buried deeply within its functional domain. Multiple hydrogen bonds and a positive helix dipole modulate the redox po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response. Receptors are cellular proteins whose activation causes the cell to modify what it is currently doing. In contrast, an antagonist blocks the action of the agonist, while an inverse agonist causes an action opposite to that of the agoni... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The alpha process, also known as alpha capture or the alpha ladder, is one of two classes of nuclear fusion reactions by which stars convert helium into heavier elements. The other class is a cycle of reactions called the triple-alpha process, which consumes only helium, and produces carbon. The alpha process most comm... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Strange quarks are naturally radioactive and decay by weak interactions into lighter quarks on a timescale that is extremely long compared with the nuclear-collision times. This makes it relatively easy to detect strange particles through the tracks left by their decay products. Consider as an example the decay of a ne... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There will be two rows of gates at the Lido inlet (21 mobile gates for the North barrier Lido-Treporti and 20 mobile gates for the South barrier Lido-San Nicolò).
To the north of the inlet (Treporti), a small craft harbour consisting of two basins communicating through a lock, will allow small craft and emergency vesse... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the marine environment, nitrogen is often the limiting nutrient, so the nitrogen cycle in the ocean is of particular interest. The nitrification step of the cycle is of particular interest in the ocean because it creates nitrate, the primary form of nitrogen responsible for "new" production. Furthermore, as the o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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