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Industrial brownfield sites can be valuable ecosystems, supporting rare species of plants, animals and invertebrates. Increasingly in demand for redevelopment, these habitats are under threat. "Brown roofs", also known as "biodiverse roofs", can partly mitigate this loss of habitat by covering the flat roofs of new d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Enolates can be oxidized by sulfonyloxaziridines. The enolate reacts by nucleophilic displacement at the electron deficient oxygen of the oxaziridine ring.
This reaction type is extended to asymmetric synthesis by the use of chiral oxaziridines derived from camphor (camphorsulfonyl oxaziridine). Each isomer gives exclu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PV work is path-dependent and is, therefore, a thermodynamic process function. In general, the term is not an exact differential. The statement that a process is quasi-static gives important information about the process but does not determine the P–V path uniquely, because the path can include several slow goings bac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some trans-spliced snRNAs have been observed to have a N,N,7-trimethylguanosine cap. This particular modification to the guanosine cap is rare in snRNAs. Trans-splicing is a phenomenon in which exons from two different primary RNA transcripts are ligated together. These rare variants have been seen during development i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The CD V-700 is a Geiger counter employing a probe equipped with a Geiger–Müller tube manufactured by several companies under contract to US federal civil defense agencies in the 1950s and 1960s. This unit is quite sensitive and can be used to measure low levels of gamma radiation and detect beta radiation. In cases o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The two-dimensional stream function is based on the following assumptions:
* The space domain is three-dimensional.
* The flow field can be described as two-dimensional plane flow, with velocity vector
* The velocity satisfies the continuity equation for incompressible flow:
Although in principle the stream function do... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Signaling pathways are often inactivated by enzymes that reverse the activation state and/or induce the degradation of signaling components. Scaffolds have been proposed to protect activated signaling molecules from inactivation and/or degradation. Mathematical modeling has shown that kinases in a cascade without sca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Drop-based bioprinting makes cellular developments utilizing droplets of an assigned material, which has oftentimes been combined with a cell line. Cells themselves can also be deposited in this manner with or without polymer. When printing polymer scaffolds using these methods, each drop starts to polymerize upon cont... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ribbon synapse is a special type of synapse found in sensory neurons such as photoreceptor cells, retinal bipolar cells, and hair cells. Ribbon synapses contain a dense protein structure that tethers an array of vesicles perpendicular to the presynaptic membrane. In an electron micrograph it appears as a ribbon l... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The second pair of cephalic appendages in free-living copepods is usually the main time-averaged source of propulsion, beating like oars to pull the animal through the water. However, different groups have different modes of feeding and locomotion, ranging from almost immotile for several minutes (e.g. some harpacticoi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ores are treated by a sulfatizing roast in a fluidized bed furnace to convert copper and cobalt sulfides into soluble sulfates and iron into insoluble hematite. The calcine is subsequently leached with sulfuric acid from the spent copper recovery electrolyte. Oxide concentrates are introduced at this leaching step ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The G-less cassette technique is used to determine promoter strength beyond basal levels of transcription (i.e. in the presence of transcription activators or transcription factors). For example, to measure the effects of a TATA box consensus sequence modification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of TFIID, G... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Accurate and consistent measurement of gases and deposition at every monitoring site is of the utmost importance to the NADP. This is accomplished, in part, by ensuring that all sites adhere to specific standard operating procedures. This provides consistent methodology at all sites within the networks. The SOPs can be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This molecular logic gate illustrated demonstrates the advancement from redox-fluorescent switches to multi-input logic gates with an electrochemical switch. This two-input AND logic gate incorporates a tertiary amine proton receptor and a tetrathiafulvalene redox donor. These groups, when attached to anthracene, can s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The radical-pair mechanism emerged as an explanation to CIDNP and CIDEP and was proposed in 1969 by Closs; Kaptein and Oosterhoff. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The methodologies outlined in the methods section facilitate the determination of flood occurrences, magnitude, and ages. Through these techniques, paleoflood data can be extended back over thousands of years, enriching the precision of flood-frequency curves. This extended historical perspective is invaluable in conte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deprotonation of methylcyclopentadiene gives the aromatic methylcyclopentadienyl anion. This ion is useful as a ligand for organometallic complexes. Relative to the corresponding cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes, complexes of Cp′ exhibit enhanced solubility in organic solvents.
Cp′ can be used to probe the structure of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Barium azide may be prepared by reacting sodium azide with a soluble barium salt. Care should be taken to prevent large crystals from forming in the solution as barium azide crystals will explode if subjected to friction/shock or if fully dried. The product should be stored submerged in ethanol. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Prime editors may be used in gene drives. A prime editor may be incorporated into the Cleaver half of a Cleave and Rescue/ClvR system. In this case it is not meant to perform a precise alteration but instead to merely disrupt.
PE is among recently introduced technologies which allow the transfer of single-nucleotide po... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that uses radioactive substances known as radiotracers to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes, and in other physiological activities including blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption. Different tracers are used for v... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most processes begin with phosphorous acid (aka phosphonic acid, HPO), exploiting its reactive P−H bond.
Phosphonic acid can be alkylated via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction or Pudovik reaction to give aminophosphonate, which are useful as chelating agents. One example is the industrial preparation of nitrilotris(methyle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cereblon E3 ligase modulators, also known as immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), are a class of immunomodulatory drugs (drugs that adjust immune responses) containing an imide group. The IMiD class includes thalidomide and its analogues (lenalidomide, pomalidomide, mezigdomide
and iberdomide). These drugs may also b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Secondary metabolites are compounds made in the stationary phase; penicillin, for instance, prevents the growth of bacteria which could compete with Penicillium molds for resources. Some bacteria, such as Lactobacillus species, are able to produce bacteriocins which prevent the growth of bacterial competitors as well. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Of the seven metals known in antiquity, only gold regularly occurs in nature as a native metal. The others – copper, lead, silver, tin, iron, and mercury – occur primarily as minerals, although native copper is occasionally found in commercially significant quantities. These minerals are primarily carbonates, sulfides,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Microwave-assisted peptide synthesis has been used to complete long peptide sequences with high degrees of yield and low degrees of racemization. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The test chamber has a set volume of 300L. The construction of the inner housing of the chamber and the devices for arranging the samples must be made of inert and corrosion-resistant materials so that there is no reaction between the sample to be tested and the material of the chamber. The SO injection can be perform... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Richard Chenevix (ca. 1774 – 5 April 1830) was an Irish chemist, mineralogist and playwright who also wrote on a range of other topics. He was known for his sharp cynicism and for engaging in combative criticism. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An atom or a molecule can absorb light and undergo a transition from
one quantum state to another.
The oscillator strength of a transition from a lower state
to an upper state may be defined by
where is the mass of an electron and is
the reduced Planck constant. The quantum states 1,2, are assumed to have several... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluorenylidene reacts with olefins as predicted by the Skell-Woodworth rules. The stereochemistry of cycloaddition products depends on the relative rates of cyclopropanation (or other reactions) and intersystem crossing. Stabilization of specific spin states, and, by extension, increased stereospecificity can be achiev... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The absolute bioavailability of a drug, when administered by an extravascular route, is usually less than one (i.e., F< 100%). Various physiological factors reduce the availability of drugs prior to their entry into the systemic circulation. Whether a drug is taken with or without food will also affect absorption, othe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Of the material sold during the 1936 Sothebys auction, several documents indicate an interest by Newton in the procurement or development of the philosophers stone. Most notably are documents entitled Artephius his secret Book, followed by The Epistle of Iohn Pontanus, wherein he beareth witness of ye book of Artephius... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Conservation and restoration of glass objects is one aspect of conservation and restoration of cultural heritage. The nature and varying composition of the material, and the variety of types of object made from it, demand certain specialized techniques. The conservator needs to be aware of "agents of deterioration" pre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As well as enabling data exchange, CCPN aims to develop software for processing, analysis and interpretation of macromolecular NMR data. To this end CCPN has created CcpNmr Analysis; a graphical program for spectrum visualisation, assignment and NMR data analysis. Here, the requirement was for a program that used a mod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Two-dimensional (2-D) polymers formed by topochemical polymerization are popular topics in material chemistry. By synthesizing and polymerizing monomers with functionality greater than 2, the 2-D networks instead of linear polymers can be obtained. [4+4] and [4+2] involving anthracene units are popular choices for ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Arsenic may be measured in blood or urine to monitor excessive environmental or occupational exposure, confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized victims or to assist in the forensic investigation in a case of fatal over dosage. Some analytical techniques are capable of distinguishing organic from inorganic forms... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pulse-induction method is based on electromagnetic pulse induction technology to detect rebars. Coils in the probe are periodically charged by current pulses and thus generate a magnetic field. On the surface of any electrically conductive material which is in the magnetic field eddy currents are produced. They ind... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Berlin has undertaken research on a broad range of areas in both physical and theoretical chemistry, involving stochastic dynamics of complex systems, chemical kinetics and transport of active species in condensed phase and in biological molecules, physical chemistry of liquids and solids, theoretical biophysics and ph... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Household ammonia can be used. A couple of drops are placed on the flesh. For example, Boletus spadiceus gives a fleeting blue to blue-green reaction. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A polymeric foam is a special foam, in liquid or solidified form, formed from polymers.
Examples include:
* Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam, the copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate; also referred to as polyethylene-vinyl acetate (PEVA)
* Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) foam, first grade of polyethylene (PE)
* Ni... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rust is an iron oxide, a usually reddish-brown oxide formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the catalytic presence of water or air moisture. Rust consists of hydrous iron(III) oxides (FeO·nHO) and iron(III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)), and is typically associated with the corrosion of refined iron.
Given su... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An ideal solution would follow Raoult's law, but most solutions deviate from ideality. Interactions between gas molecules are typically quite small, especially if the vapor pressures are low. However, the interactions in a liquid are very strong. For a solution to be ideal, the interactions between unlike molecules mus... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An increasing offset between the optical phase and the maximum of the wave envelope of an optical pulse can be seen on the right.
Each line is displaced from a harmonic of the repetition rate by the carrier–envelope offset frequency. The carrier–envelope offset frequency is the rate at which the peak of the carrier f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Platinum Metal Review journal was established in 1957 and was published by Johnson Mattley and Co. From April 1998, it was published as open access and from the July 2004 issue in electronic format only. In 2014 the name of the journal was changed to Johnson Matthey Technology Review. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The gene for the FSHR is found on chromosome 2 p21 in humans. The gene sequence of the FSHR consists of about 2,080 nucleotides. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Szilard–Chalmers effect is the breaking of a chemical bond as a result of a kinetic energy imparted from radioactive decay. It operates by the absorption of neutrons by an atom and subsequent emission of gamma rays, often with significant amounts of kinetic energy. This kinetic energy, by Newton's third law, pushe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, the electromeric effect is a molecular polarization occurring by an intramolecular electron displacement characterized by the substitution of one electron pair for another within the same atomic octet of electrons. It is sometimes called the conjugative mechanism, and previously, the tautomeric mechanism)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Frequency modulated Doppler-broadened signals can be modeled basically as ordinary fm-signals, although an extended description has to be used if the transition is optically saturated. Wavelength modulated Doppler broadened can be modeled by applying the conventional theory for wavelength modulation on the fm-signals.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are several models used to predict liquidus and solidus curves for various systems.
Detailed measurements of solidus and liquidus can be made using techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PEX genes encode the protein machinery (peroxins) required for proper peroxisome assembly. Peroxisomal membrane proteins are imported through at least two routes, one of which depends on interaction between peroxin 19 and peroxin 3, while the other is required for import of peroxin 3, either of which may occur without ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Oddy test is a procedure created at the British Museum by conservation scientist William Andrew Oddy in 1973, in order to test materials for safety in and around art objects.
Often, materials for construction and museum contexts (including artefact conservation) are evaluated for safety. However, though materials m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A biological oxidizer is a device that uses micro-organisms to treat wastewater and the volatile organic compounds produced by commercial and industrial operations. Biological oxidation devices convert biodegradable organic compounds into carbon dioxide and water. This is a natural occurring process which differs from ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Conformational strain and structural rigidity can effectively prevent the inversion of amine groups. Trögers base analogs (including the Hünlichs base) are examples of compounds whose nitrogen atoms are chirally stable stereocenters and therefore have significant optical activity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It has been used to produce smoke screens since it produces a heavy, white smoke that has little tendency to rise. "Tickle" was the standard means of producing on-set smoke effects for motion pictures, before being phased out in the 1980s due to concerns about hydrated HCl's effects on the respiratory system. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The National Association of Women Pharmacists was founded in London on 15 June 1905, following discussions between Margaret Elizabeth Buchanan and Isabella Skinner Clarke. Early meetings were held at Clarke's home. Membership was restricted to those who had passed the major or minor examination and 50 women joined imme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most common NMR techniques used when discriminating chiral compounds are H-NMR, F-NMR and C-NMR. H-NMR is the primary technique used to assign absolute configuration. F-NMR is almost exclusive applied to optical purity studies, and C-NMR is primarily used to characterize substrates that do not have protons that are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A convenient synthesis of chloromethyl methyl ether in situ involves the reaction of dimethoxymethane and acetyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst This route affords a methyl acetate solution of chloromethyl methyl ether of high purity. A similar method, using a high-boiling acyl chloride, can be used... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Bannock Basin in Levantine Sea, eastern Mediterranean Sea;
* Black Sea Basin, off eastern Europe, below 50 metres (150 feet);
* Caspian Sea Basin, below 100 metres (300 feet);
* Cariaco Basin, off north central Venezuela;
* Gotland Deep, in the Baltic off Sweden;
* L'Atalante basin, eastern Mediterranean Sea
* Mariag... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On some other instances in biology (not necessarily about cell signaling), the term "Scaffold protein" is used in a broader sense, where a protein holds several things together for any purpose.
;In chromosome folding: Chromosome scaffold has important role to hold the chromatin into compact chromosome. Chromosome scaf... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The combination medicine dextromethorphan/bupropion is approved for major depressive disorder under the brand name Auvelity. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When two metals touch each other and water is present, electrolysis occurs. One well known example is the reaction between zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). Zinc atoms will lose electrons in preference to the iron as they are more electropositive and therefore zinc is oxidized and corrodes.
Zn(s)→(aq) +2e (oxidation) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to the variety of verified DNA structures, there have been a range of proposed DNA models that have either been disproven, or lack evidence.
Some of these structures were proposed during the 1950s before the structure of the double helix was solved, most famously by Linus Pauling. Non-helical or "side-by-s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When all of the isoprene units in a network chain have been forced to reside in just a few extended rotational conformations, the chain becomes taut. It may be regarded as sensibly straight, except for the zigzag path that the C-C bonds make along the chain contour. However, further extension is still possible by bond... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reverse [2+2] photocycloaddition, decomposition of 1,2-dioxetanedione, is stated as the mechanism that produces light in glow sticks. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photocathodes operate in a vacuum, so their design parallels vacuum tube technology. Since
most cathodes are sensitive to air the construction of photocathodes typically occurs after the enclosure has been evacuated. In operation the photocathode requires an electric field with a nearby positive anode to assure electro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solar cells were first used in a prominent application when they were proposed and flown on the Vanguard satellite in 1958, as an alternative power source to the primary battery power source. By adding cells to the outside of the body, the mission time could be extended with no major changes to the spacecraft or its po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Persephin is a neurotrophic factor in the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family. Persephin shares around a 40% similarity in amino acid sequence compared to GDNF and neurturin, two members of the GDNF family. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Armando Bukele Kattán was born in San Salvador, on December 16, 1944, the son of Humberto Bukele Salman and Victoria Kattán de Bukele. His parents were Palestinian Christians from Bethlehem in Ottoman Palestine and had emigrated to El Salvador at the beginning of the 20th century as part of an emigration wave. He compl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are two types of continuous cooling diagrams drawn for practical purposes.
* Type 1: This is the plot beginning with the transformation start point, cooling with a specific transformation fraction and ending with a transformation finish temperature for all products against transformation time for each cooling cur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Stern–Volmer relationship, named after Otto Stern and Max Volmer, allows the kinetics of a photophysical intermolecular deactivation process to be explored.
Processes such as fluorescence and phosphorescence are examples of intramolecular deactivation processes. An intermolecular deactivation is where the presence ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The advantages of LFV are
* LFV is a non-contact techniques of flow rate measurement.
* LFV can be successfully applied for aggressive and high-temperature fluids like liquid metals.
* Mean flow rate or mean velocity of fluid can be obtained without depending on flow's inhomogeneities and zones of turbulence.
The limit... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For flows in porous media with Reynolds numbers greater than about 1 to 10, inertial effects can also become significant. Sometimes an inertial term is added to the Darcy's equation, known as Forchheimer term. This term is able to account for the non-linear behavior of the pressure difference vs flow data.
where the ad... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, the hydrogenation of carbon–nitrogen double bonds is the addition of the elements of dihydrogen (H) across a carbon–nitrogen double bond, forming amines or amine derivatives. Although a variety of general methods have been developed for the enantioselective hydrogenation of ketones, methods for the hydrog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lipidomics is the complete profile of all lipids in a biological system at a given time. This is used to identify and quantify the lipids that can be detected. Since lipids have a variety of functions in the body, being able to understand which specific types are present in the body and at what levels is crucial to und... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nucleic acid metabolism is a collective term that refers to the variety of chemical reactions by which nucleic acids (DNA and/or RNA) are either synthesized or degraded. Nucleic acids are polymers (so-called "biopolymers") made up of a variety of monomers called nucleotides. Nucleotide synthesis is an anabolic mechanis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The crystal structure of APR resembles that of scheelite, with atomic cation is replaced by ammonium. The pertechnetate (NHTcO), periodate (NHIO), tetrachlorothallate (NHTlCl), and tetrachloroindate (NHInCl) follow this motif. It undergoes a molecular orientational ordering transition on cooling without change of space... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Addition of CO to a solution in contact with a solid can (over time) affect the alkalinity, especially for carbonate minerals in contact with groundwater or seawater. The dissolution (or precipitation) of carbonate rock has a strong influence on the alkalinity. This is because carbonate rock is composed of CaCO and its... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
;Gatorade
Erioglaucine, a food colorant and a redox dye, was found to be an effective substitute for methylene blue in the blue bottle experiment. Since some candies and drinks such as Gatorade contain the dye and a reducing sugar, only sodium hydroxide need be added to turn these food products into a blue bottle solut... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The linear noise approximation has become a popular technique for estimating the size of intrinsic noise in terms of coefficients of variation and Fano factors for molecular species in intracellular pathways. The second moment obtained from the linear noise approximation (on which the noise measures are based) are exac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, a phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups () in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds. The "bond" involves this linkage . Discussion of phosphodiesters is dominated by their prevalence in DNA and RNA, but phosphodiesters occur in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biophotons may be detected with photomultipliers or by means of an ultra low noise CCD camera to produce an image, using an exposure time of typically 15 minutes for plant materials. Photomultiplier tubes have been used to measure biophoton emissions from fish eggs, and some applications have measured biophotons from a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1914-1943)
* Albert Chibnall (1943-1949)
* Frank George Young (1949-1975)
* Hans Kornberg (1975-1995)
* Tom Blundell (1995-2009)
* Gerard Evan (2009-2022)
* Laura Machesky (2022- ) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The SK channel gating mechanism is controlled by intracellular calcium levels. Calcium enters the cell via voltage activated calcium channels as well as through NMDA receptors. Calcium does not directly bind to the SK channel. Even in the absence of calcium, the SK channel binds to the C-lobe of the protein calmodulin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The LEXO uses bio-based phase-change and advanced heat transfer materials to absorb the initial heat of the beverage and cool it to a more drinkable temperature. When the temperature begins to drop, the LEXO slowly releases the stored heat back into the drink. The LEXO can also insulate cold liquids.
The LEXO has three... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first practical MHD power research was funded in 1938 in the U.S. by Westinghouse in its Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania laboratories, headed by Hungarian Bela Karlovitz. The initial patent on MHD is by B. Karlovitz, U.S. Patent No. 2,210,918, "Process for the Conversion of Energy", August 13, 1940.
World War II interrupt... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Reactions of linear topology are the most common, and consist of all transformations whose transition states are acyclic, including addition, elimination, substitution, and (some types of) fragmentation reactions. By contrast, in pericyclic reactions, the atoms under chemical change form a single closed cycle, and incl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
AMCA International publishes over 64 publications and standards, including testing methods, a Certified Ratings Program (CRP), application guides, educational texts, and safety guides. AMCA is an accredited ANSI developer, and all AMCA standards are proposed as American National Standards. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Grove cell voltage is about 1.9 volts and arises from the following reaction:
: Zn + HSO + 2 HNO ZnSO + 2 HO + 2 NO↑ | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ASF/SF2 has the ability to be phosphorylated at the serines in its RS domain by the SR specific protein kinase, SRPK1. SRPK1 and ASF/SF2 form an unusually stable complex of apparent K of 50nM. SRPK1 selectively phosphorylates up to twelve serines in the RS domain of ASF/SF2 through a directional and processive mechanis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Lippmann–Schwinger equation is useful in a very large number of situations involving two-body scattering. For three or more colliding bodies it does not work well because of mathematical limitations; Faddeev equations may be used instead. However, there are approximations that can reduce a many-body problem to a se... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liquids are sometimes used in measuring devices. A thermometer often uses the thermal expansion of liquids, such as mercury, combined with their ability to flow to indicate temperature. A manometer uses the weight of the liquid to indicate air pressure.
The free surface of a rotating liquid forms a circular paraboloid ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Is the linkage of chemical reactions in a way that the product of one reaction becomes the substrate of another reaction.
* This allows organisms to utilize energy and resources efficiently. For example, in cellular respiration, energy released by the breakdown of glucose is coupled in the synthesis of ATP. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Actaplanin is a complex of broad-spectrum antibiotics made by Actinoplanes bacteria. Research carried out by a group in Eli Lilly and Co. in 1984 identified several actaplanins using high-performance liquid chromatography. Actaplanins A, B, B, B, C and G were shown to be composed of the same peptide core, an amino suga... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It can be shown that there are four types of Euclidean plane isometries. (Note: the notations for the types of isometries listed below are not completely standardised.) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chlororespiration is a respiratory process that takes place within plants. Inside plant cells there is an organelle called the chloroplast which is surrounded by the thylakoid membrane. This membrane contains an enzyme called NAD(P)H dehydrogenase which transfers electrons in a linear chain to oxygen molecules. This el... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In this case a material is stretched in the direction X and compresses in the directions Y and Z, so to keep volume constant.
The gradients of velocity are:
Thus, | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Stemming from the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) EPA permitting guidelines, point and nonpoint discharges may adversely affect sediment quality. As per state regulatory criteria, information on point and nonpoint source contamination, and its effects on sediment quality may be required for asse... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A 2024 article used a substrate with a web of thin cracks under a heat flow, similar to the environment of deep-ocean vents, as a mechanism to separate and concentrate prebiotically relevant building blocks from a dilute mixture, purifying their concentration by up to three orders of magnitude. The authors propose this... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The diverse genome-wide repeats are derived from transposable elements, which are now understood to "jump" about different genomic locations, without transferring their original copies. Subsequent shuttling of the same sequences over numerous generations ensures their multiplicity throughout the genome. The limited rec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The classic view of pRb's role as a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator developed through research investigating mechanisms of interactions with E2F family member proteins. Yet, more data generated from biochemical experiments and clinical trials reveal other functions of pRb within the cell unrelated (or indirec... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In metazoans, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) processed by Dicer are incorporated into a complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex or RISC. This complex contains an endonuclease that cleaves perfectly complementary messages to which the siRNA binds. The resulting mRNA fragments are then destroyed by exonucleas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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