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For narrow ridges with large period , the ridges just blocks the part of the wavefront. Then, it can be interpreted in terms of the Fresnel diffraction of the de Broglie wave, or the Zeno effect; such interpretation leads to the estimate the reflectivity
is wavenumber, is period (distance between ridges) and
where th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A liquid metal is a metal or a metal alloy which is liquid at or near room temperature.
The only stable liquid elemental metal at room temperature is mercury (Hg), which is molten above −38.8 °C (234.3 K, −37.9 °F). Three more stable elemental metals melt just above room temperature: caesium (Cs), which has a melting p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hash rosin has recently become a top quality, highly prized product in the cannabis market. For dabbing, it is considered to be the cleanest form of concentrating cannabis, as it requires only ice, water (instead of organic solvents like butane), heat, pressure, and collection tools. Cannabis flower material is washed ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, one usually ignores distinctions between isotopes of the same element. However, in some situations (for instance in Raman, NMR, or microwave spectroscopy) one may treat different isotopes of the same element as different elements. In the second case, two molecules with the same number of atoms of each iso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Here are some different [https://collegedunia.com/exams/photochemical-reactions-science-articleid-653 types of photochemical reactions]-
* Photo-dissociation: AB + hν → A* + B*
* Photo induced rearrangements, isomerization: A + hν → B
* Photo-addition: A + B + hν → AB + C
* Photo-substitution: A + BC + hν → AB + C
* Ph... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycoprotein hormones may be removed by the liver from the bloodstream when the passage of time causes the breaking-off of carbohydrates from the glycoproteins. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Preplant: Preplant herbicides are nonselective herbicides applied to the soil before planting. Some preplant herbicides may be mechanically incorporated into the soil. The objective for incorporation is to prevent dissipation through photodecomposition and/or volatility. The herbicides kill weeds as they grow through... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transition state analogs (transition state analogues), are chemical compounds with a chemical structure that resembles the transition state of a substrate molecule in an enzyme-catalyzed chemical reaction. Enzymes interact with a substrate by means of strain or distortions, moving the substrate towards the transition s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Currently there are a very limited number of commercially available carbon based adsorption- electrochemical regeneration systems. One system that does exist uses a carbon adsorbent called Nyex in a continuous adsorption-regeneration system that uses electrochemical regeneration to adsorb and destroy organic pollutants... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chain reactions naturally give rise to reaction rates that grow (or shrink) exponentially, whereas a nuclear power reactor needs to be able to hold the reaction rate reasonably constant. To maintain this control, the chain reaction criticality must have a slow enough time scale to permit intervention by additional effe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The flow is completely unidirectional for low Dean numbers (De < 40~60). As the Dean number increases between 40~60 to 64~75, some wavy perturbations can be observed in the cross-section, which evidences some secondary flow. At higher Dean numbers than that (De > 64~75) the pair of Dean vortices becomes stable, indicat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Between 1962 and 1983, the Iskra Kondenzatorji company in Semič (White Carniola, Southeast Slovenia) manufactured capacitors using PCBs. Due to the wastewater and improperly disposed waste products, the area (including the Krupa and Lahinja rivers) became highly contaminated with PCBs. The pollution was discovered in 1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Whiting event clouds consist of calcium carbonate polymorphs; aragonite tends to be the dominant precipitate, but some studies in oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes show calcite is favored. Whiting events have been observed in tropical and temperate waters, and they can potentially cover hundreds of meters. They tend t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In genomics, DNA–DNA hybridization is a molecular biology technique that measures the degree of genetic similarity between DNA sequences. It is used to determine the genetic distance between two organisms and has been used extensively in phylogeny and taxonomy. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Light-activated resins have found a place in floor refinishing applications, offering an instant return to service not available with any other chemical due to the need to cure at ambient temperatures. Because of application constraints, these coatings are exclusively UV cured with portable equipment containing high in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Standard Model of physics, in particular the work of Murray Gell-Mann in the 1960s, had been successful in uniting much of the previously disparate concepts in particle physics into one, relatively straightforward, scheme. In essence, there were three types of particles:
* The leptons, which were low-mass particles... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In April 2005, a UCLA team headed by chemistry professor James K. Gimzewski and physics professor Seth Putterman utilized a tungsten probe attached to a pyroelectric crystal to increase the electric field strength. Brian Naranjo, a graduate student working under Putterman, conducted the experiment demonstrating the use... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vancomycin targets bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to the basic building block of the bacterial cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria, whether it is of aerobic or anaerobic class. Specifically, vancomycin forms hydrogen bonds with the -alanyl--alanine (-Ala--Ala) peptide motif of the peptidoglycan precursor, a c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ndhF fragment has been a very useful tool in phylogenetic reconstruction at a number of taxonomic levels. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1802, Humphry Davy had what was then the most powerful electrical battery in the world at the Royal Institution. With it, Davy created the first incandescent light by passing electric current through a thin strip of platinum, chosen because the metal had an extremely high melting point. It was neither sufficiently b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Algal oil is used as a source of fatty acid supplementation in food products, as it contains mono- and polyunsaturated fats, in particular EPA and DHA. Its DHA content is roughly equivalent to that of salmon based fish oil. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The retroviruses include T-cell Leukemia virus type I, HIV, and Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV). The viral gene tax is expressed when the T-cell Leukemia virus transforms a cell altering the expression of cellular growth control genes and causing the transformed cells to become cancerous. HIV works differently by not directl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water quality models have different information, but generally have the same purpose, which is to provide evidentiary support of water issues. Models can be either deterministic or statistical depending on the scale with the base model, which is dependent on if the area is on a local, regional, or a global scale. Anot... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When molten, the salt sodium chloride can be electrolyzed to yield metallic sodium and gaseous chlorine. Industrially this process takes place in a special cell named Downs cell. The cell is connected to an electrical power supply, allowing electrons to migrate from the power supply to the electrolytic cell.
Reactions ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*1973 J W Menter
*1972 M Morgan
*1971 A G Quarrell
*1970 P Coheur
*1969 Queen Elizabeth II
*1968 F D Richardson
*1967 E T Judge
*1966 John Hugh Chesters
*1965 T Sendzimir
*1965 N P Allen
*1964 H Malcor
*1963 F H Saniter
*1962 Sir Charles Goodeve
*1961 W Barr
*1960 Hermann Schenck
*1959 B M S Kalling
*1958 W F Cartwrigh... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As an example, consider the gas-phase reaction + CO → NO + . If this reaction occurred in a single step, its reaction rate (r) would be proportional to the rate of collisions between and CO molecules: r = k[][CO], where k is the reaction rate constant, and square brackets indicate a molar concentration. Another typic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electric eel, Electrophorus, is capable of delivering a powerful electric shock that can stun or kill its prey. Bluntnose knifefishes, Brachyhypopomus, create an electric discharge pattern similar to the low voltage electrolocation discharge of the electric eel. This is thought to be Batesian mimicry of the powerfu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The cluster cation has the Keggin structure with a tetrahedral Al atom in the centre of the cluster coordinated to 4 oxygen atoms. The formula can be expressed as . This ion is generally called the ion. A analogue is known an unusual ionic compound with an cation and a Keggin polyoxoanion has been characterised. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radiological dispersal devices (RDDs) are weapons of mass disruption rather than weapons of mass destruction. "Dirty bombs" are examples of RDDs. As the name suggests, an RDD aims at dispersing radioactive material over an area, causing high cleanup costs, psychological, and economic damage. Nevertheless, direct human ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Localized electronic effects are a combination of inductive and field effects. Due to the similarity in these effects, it is difficult to separate their contributions to the electronic structure of a molecule. There is, however, a large body of literature devoted to developing an understanding of the relative significa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Monsanto process is an industrial method for the manufacture of acetic acid by catalytic carbonylation of methanol. The Monsanto process has largely been supplanted by the Cativa process, a similar iridium-based process developed by BP Chemicals Ltd which is more economical and environmentally friendly.
This proce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Particles and small organisms floating through the water column can become trapped within aggregates. Marine snow aggregates are porous, however, and some particles are able to pass through them. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A pill was originally defined as a small, round, solid pharmaceutical oral dosage form of medication. The words etymology reflects the historical concepts of grinding the ingredients with a mortar and pestle and rolling the resultant paste or dough into lumps to be dried. Today, in its strict sense, the word pill still... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
π bonding in octahedral complexes occurs in two ways: via any ligand p-orbitals that are not being used in σ bonding, and via any π or π molecular orbitals present on the ligand.
In the usual analysis, the p-orbitals of the metal are used for σ bonding (and have the wrong symmetry to overlap with the ligand p or π or π... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ground waters by their very nature are often very difficult to access to take a sample. As a consequence the majority of ground-water data comes from samples taken from springs, wells, water supply bore-holes and in natural caves. In recent decades as the need to understand ground water dynamics has increased, an incre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 1.G.1 The Viral Pore-forming Membrane Fusion Protein-1 (VMFP1) Family
* 1.G.2 The Viral Pore-forming Membrane Fusion Protein-2 (VMFP2) Family
* 1.G.3 The Viral Pore-forming Membrane Fusion Protein-3 (VMFP3) Family
* 1.G.4 The Viral Pore-forming Membrane Fusion Protein-4 (VMFP4) Family
* 1.G.5 The Viral Pore-forming M... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* 1.C.3 α-Hemolysin (αHL) family
* 1.C.4 Aerolysin family
* 1.C.5 ε-toxin family
* 1.C.11 RTX-toxin superfamily
* 1.C.12 Membrane attack complex/perforin superfamily
* 1.C.13 Leukocidin family
* 1.C.14 Cytohemolysin (CHL) family
* 1.C.39 Thiol-activated cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family
* 1.C.43 Lysenin family
* 1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photosynthetic oxygen evolution is the fundamental process by which oxygen is generated in the earth's biosphere. The reaction is part of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of green algae and plants. It utilizes the energy of light to split a water molecule into its pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The genome of the P1 phage is moderately large, around 93Kbp in length (compared to the genomes of e.g. T4 - 169Kbp, lambda - 48Kbp and Ff - 6.4Kbp). In the viral particle it is in the form of a linear double stranded DNA molecule. Once inserted into the host it circularizes and replicates as a plasmid.
In the viral p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Natural and contaminant organometallic compounds are found in the environment. Some that are remnants of human use, such as organolead and organomercury compounds, are toxicity hazards. Tetraethyllead was prepared for use as a gasoline additive but has fallen into disuse because of lead's toxicity. Its replacements are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Contrary to popular misconception, the electrical deflection of a stream of water from a charged object is not based on polarity. The deflection occurs because of electrically charged droplets in the stream, which the charged object induces. A stream of water can also be deflected in a uniform electrical field, which c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chromids are elements that exist at the boundary between a chromosome and a plasmid, found in about 10% of bacterial species sequenced by 2009. These elements carry core genes and have codon usage similar to the chromosome, yet use a plasmid-type replication mechanism such as the low copy number RepABC. As a result, th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics and plasma physics, the Clebsch representation provides a means to overcome the difficulties to describe an inviscid flow with non-zero vorticity – in the Eulerian reference frame – using Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics. At the critical point of such functionals the result is the Euler ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide (sometimes abbreviated as BTSP) is an organosilicon compound with the formula ((CH)SiO). It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents so long as they lack acidic groups. The compound represents an aprotic analogue of hydrogen peroxide and as such it is used for certain sens... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surfactants are in demand for a wide range of industrial applications as they increase solubility, foaming capacity and lower surface tensions. In particular, rhamnolipids have been used broadly in the cosmetic industry for products such as moisturisers, condom lubricant and shampoo. Rhamnolipids are efficacious in bio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A fluid flowing along a flat plate will stick to it at the point of contact and this is known as the no-slip condition. This is an outcome of the adhesive forces between the flat plate and the fluid. The presence of the wall has an effect up to a certain distance
in the fluid (in the direction perpendicular to the wal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The susceptibility to crevice corrosion varies widely from one material-environment system to another. In general, crevice corrosion is of greatest concern for materials which are normally passive metals, like stainless steel or aluminum. Crevice corrosion tends to be of greatest significance to components built of hig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There has been a reluctance for modern drug discovery programs to consider covalent inhibitors due to toxicity concerns. An important contributor has been the drug toxicities of several high-profile drugs believed to be caused by metabolic activation of reversible drugs. For example, high dose acetaminophen can lead t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transient kinetic isotope effects (or fractionation) occur when the reaction leading to isotope fractionation does not follow pure first-order kinetics and therefore isotopic effects cannot be described with the classical equilibrium fractionation equations or with steady-state kinetic fractionation equations (also kno... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the cytoplasm, ferrous iron is found in a soluble, chelatable state which constitutes the labile iron pool (~0.001 mM). In this pool, iron is thought to be bound to low-mass compounds such as peptides, carboxylates and phosphates, although some might be in a free, hydrated form (aqua ions). Alternatively, iron ions ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
FK phase materials have been pointed out for their high-temperature structure and as superconducting materials. Their complex and often non-stoichiometric structure makes them good subjects for theoretical calculations.
A15, Laves and σ are the most applicable FK structures with interesting fundamental properties.
The ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Reynolds number and the Womersley number are the only two physical parameters necessary to solve an incompressible fluid flow problem. The Reynolds number is given by:
The terms of the equation itself represent the following:
When the Reynolds number is large, it shows that the flow is dominated by convective iner... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
AutoChem is NASA release software that constitutes an automatic computer code generator and documenter for chemically reactive systems written by David Lary between 1993 and the present. It was designed primarily for modeling atmospheric chemistry, and in particular, for chemical data assimilation.
The user selects a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mefloquine was formulated at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) in the 1970s shortly after the end of the Vietnam war. Mefloquine was number 142,490 of a total of 250,000 antimalarial compounds screened during the study.
Mefloquine was the first Public-Private Venture (PPV) between the US Department of Defe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Inorganic chemistry is a highly practical area of science. Traditionally, the scale of a nation's economy could be evaluated by their productivity of sulfuric acid.
An important man-made inorganic compound is ammonium nitrate, used for fertilization. The ammonia is produced through the Haber process. Nitric acid is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ex-situ bonding is achieved by gluing face sheets with an aluminium foam by adhesive bonding, brazing or diffusion bonding. Foams used in this method are either closed-cell or open-cell. When a closed-cell foam is used then it is produced from aluminium alloys either by liquid metal route (e.g. Alporas, Cymat) or by po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By the 1960s solar power was the standard for powering space-bound satellites. In the early 1970s, solar cell technology became cheaper and more available ($20/watt). Between 1970 and 1990, solar power became more commercially operated. Railroad crossings, oil rigs, space stations, microwave towers, aircraft, etc. Now,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The above derivation uses the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is essentially a definition of heat, i.e. heat is the change in the internal energy of a system that is not caused by a change of the external parameters of the system.
However, the second law of thermodynamics is not... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transcriptomics is the quantitative science that encompasses the assignment of a list of strings ("reads") to the object ("transcripts" in the genome). To calculate the expression strength, the density of reads corresponding to each object is counted. Initially, transcriptomes were analyzed and studied using expressed... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photosystems are functional and structural units of protein complexes involved in photosynthesis. Together they carry out the primary photochemistry of photosynthesis: the absorption of light and the transfer of energy and electrons. Photosystems are found in the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The rule usefully predicts the formulas for low-spin complexes of the Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co triads. Well-known examples include ferrocene, iron pentacarbonyl, chromium carbonyl, and nickel carbonyl.
Ligands in a complex determine the applicability of the 18-electron rule. In general, complexes that obey the rule are com... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Contrary to prevailing thought at the time, Lavoisier theorized that common air, or one of its components, combines with substances when they are burned. He demonstrated this through experiment.
During late 1772 Lavoisier turned his attention to the phenomenon of combustion, the topic on which he was to make his most s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The European green infrastructure is an important part of the new (post-2010) EU strategy for biodiversity and biodiversity policy.
It is one of the main tools to tackle threats on biodiversity resulting from habitat fragmentation, land use change and loss of habitats.
Green Infrastructure will play a decisive role in ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Broadband acoustic resonance dissolution spectroscopy (BARDS) is a technique in analytical chemistry. Developed in the late 2000s, it involves the analysis of the changes in sound frequency generated when a solute dissolves in a solvent, by harnessing the hot chocolate effect.
The technique is partly based on the solub... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The existence of intermolecular forces was first postulated by Johannes Diderik van der Waals in 1873. However, Nobel laureate Hermann Emil Fischer developed supramolecular chemistry's philosophical roots. In 1894, Fischer suggested that enzyme–substrate interactions take the form of a "lock and key", the fundamental p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gas turbine engines have a power-producing primary airflow passing through the compressor. They also have a substantial (25% of core flow in a Pratt & Whitney PW2000) secondary flow obtained from the primary flow and which is pumped from the compressor and used by the secondary air system. Like the secondary flow in tu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antoine Lavoisier, in a collaborative effort with Louis Bernard Guyton de Morveau, Claude Louis Berthollet, and Antoine François de Fourcroy, published Méthode de nomenclature chimique in 1787. This work established a terminology for the "new chemistry" which Lavoisier was creating, which focused on a standardized set ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The absence of long-range order in liquids is mirrored by the absence of Bragg peaks in X-ray and neutron diffraction. Under normal conditions, the diffraction pattern has circular symmetry, expressing the isotropy of the liquid. Radially, the diffraction intensity smoothly oscillates. This can be described by the stat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1949, Glendenin earned his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. That same year he joined Argonne National Laboratory, where he worked until his retirement in 1985.
He published extensively on the properties of fission products. He served as Scientific Secretary for the U.S. delegation to the Atoms f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flow-FISH was first published in 1998 by Rufer et al. as a modification of another technique for analyzing telomere length, Q-FISH, that employs peptide nucleic acid probes of a 3-CCCTAACCCTAACCCTAA-5 sequence labeled with a fluorescin fluorophore to stain telomeric repeats on prepared metaphase spreads of cells that h... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term self-neutralising acid sulfate soils has been used to refer to sulfidic material which does not become acidic upon oxidation due to the presence of alkaline materials (e.g., marine carbonates) - which neutralise acidity generated by the oxidation of sulfidic material.
The use of this term is discouraged as it... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MFA was first synthesized in 1896 by the Belgian chemist Frédéric Swarts by reacting methyl iodoacetate with silver fluoride. It can also be synthesized by reacting methyl chloroacetate with potassium fluoride
Because of its toxicity, MFA was studied for potential use as a chemical weapon during World War II. It was co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The human genome contains at least 21 genes involved in determining the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP by the expression of phosphodiesterase proteins or PDEs. These PDEs are grouped into at least 11 functional subfamilies, named PDE1-PDE11. PDEs are enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAM... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In its simplest and most presently used form, laser Doppler velocimetry crosses two beams of collimated, monochromatic, and coherent laser light in the flow of the fluid being measured. The two beams are usually obtained by splitting a single beam, thus ensuring coherence between the two. Lasers with wavelengths in the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Glycosynthase have been useful for the preparation of oligosaccharides; however, their use suffers from certain limitations. First, glycosynthase can only be used to synthesize glycosidic linkages for which there is a known glycosidase. That glycosidase must also be first converted into a glycosynthase, which is not ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ECOTOX is considered to be more comprehensive in that it holds results from toxicity tests of single chemicals on aquatic and terrestrial plants and animals. Data can be found on both freshwater and marine taxa. ECOTOX collects data from previously EPA established databases , TERRATOX, and PHYTOTOX which individually p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methionine sulfoxide (MetO), the oxidized form of the amino acid methionine (Met), increases with age in body tissues, which is believed by some to contribute to biological ageing. Oxidation of methionine residues in tissue proteins can cause them to misfold or otherwise render them dysfunctional. Uniquely, the methion... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In three dimensions, every figure that possesses a mirror plane of symmetry S, an inversion center of symmetry S, or a higher improper rotation (rotoreflection) S axis of symmetry is achiral. (A plane of symmetry of a figure is a plane , such that is invariant under the mapping , when is chosen to be the --plane of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Leverett J-function serves to provide a relationship between the capillary pressure and the pore structure (see Leverett J-function). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Anti-sp100 antibodies are found in approximately 20–30% of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). They are found in few individuals without PBC, and therefore are a very specific marker of the disease. The sp100 antigen is found within nuclear bodies; large protein complexes in the nucleus that may have a role in cell growth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A subtropical climate vegetated roof (SCV roof) is a type of green building practice that employs a planted soil media installed above a waterproof roof deck to obtain environmental benefits and address sustainability concerns, similar to traditional green roofs located in northern continental United States. Soil media... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hydrostatic analysis shows that , combining this with the Laplace pressure calculation we have:solving for returns Jurin's law. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Russia has the largest area of peatlands of all the northern circumpolar countries with the world's largest peatland being the West Siberian mire massif and the largest in Europe the Polistovo-Lovatsky mire in northern Russia. An estimate derived from the digital soil database of Russia at a geographical scale of 1:5 m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many protein-coding genes have more than one polyadenylation site, so a gene can code for several mRNAs that differ in their 3′ end. The 3’ region of a transcript contains many polyadenylation signals (PAS). When more proximal (closer towards 5’ end) PAS sites are utilized, this shortens the length of the 3’ untranslat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polymers have been essential components of commodities since the early days of humankind. The use of wool (keratin), cotton and linen fibres (cellulose) for garments, paper reed (cellulose) for paper are just a few examples of how ancient societies exploited polymer-containing raw materials to obtain artefacts. The lat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thermodynamic scale differs from empirical scales in that it is absolute. It is based on the fundamental laws of thermodynamics or statistical mechanics instead of some arbitrary chosen working material. Besides it covers full range of temperature and has simple relation with microscopic quantities like the average kin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Among others, ISMP maintains and disseminates a list of "do not crush" medications, as well as clinical best practices. The ISMP's Medication Safety Self-Assessment tool has been used in surveys of medication safety in hospitals in the United States and elsewhere.
The ISMP frequently investigates and reports on medicat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When insulator sequences are located in close proximity to the promoter of a gene, it has been suggested that they might serve to stabilize enhancer-promoter interactions. When they are located farther away from the promoter, insulator elements would compete with the enhancer and interfere with activation of transcript... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The GTEx project is a human genetics project aimed at understanding the role of genetic variation in shaping variation in the transcriptome across tissues. The project has collected a variety of tissue samples (> 50 different tissues) from more than 700 post-mortem donors. This has resulted in the collection of >11,000... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid abnormality associated with PFAS exposure. PFASs have been shown to decrease thyroid peroxidase, resulting in decreased production and activation of thyroid hormones in vivo. Other proposed mechanisms include alterations in thyroid hormone signaling, metabolism and excretion as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ATP2A2 also known as sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is an ATPase associated with Darier's disease and Acrokeratosis verruciformis.
This gene encodes one of the SERCA Ca(2+)-ATPases, which are intracellular pumps located in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticula of muscle cells. This enzy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Bessel function at its lower limit becomes
which converges to the Hagen-Poiseuille flow profile for steady flow for
or to a quasi-static pulse with parabolic profile when
In this case, the function is real, because the pressure and velocity waves are in phase. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Side effects of the tablet form in conjunction with levodopa include, in decreasing order of frequency, nausea, hallucinations, confusion, depression, loss of balance, insomnia, increased involuntary movements, agitation, slow or irregular heart rate, delusions, hypertension, new or increased angina pectoris, and synco... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trimyristin is a saturated fat and the triglyceride of myristic acid with the chemical formula CHO. Trimyristin is a white to yellowish-gray solid that is insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol, acetone, benzene, chloroform, dichloromethane, ether, and TBME. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SINEs are characterized by their different modules, which are essentially a sectioning of their sequence. SINEs can, but do not necessarily have to possess a head, a body, and a tail. The head, is at the 5 end of short-interspersed nuclear elements and is an evolutionarily derived from an RNA synthesized by RNA Polymer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Erythropoietin receptor has been shown to interact with:
* CRKL,
* Erythropoietin,
* Grb2,
* Janus kinase 2,
* LYN,
* PIK3R1,
* PTPN6,
* SOCS2,
* SOCS3, and
* STAT5A. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a baroclinic fluid, the thermal-wind balance holds, which is a combination of the geostrophic balance and the hydrostatic balance. This implies that isopycnals can slope with respect to the isobars. Furthermore, this also results in changing horizontal velocities with height as a result of horizontal temperature and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal-induced embrittlement (MIE) is the embrittlement caused by diffusion of metal, either solid or liquid, into the base material. Metal induced embrittlement occurs when metals are in contact with low-melting point metals while under tensile stress. The embrittler can be either solid (SMIE) or liquid (liquid metal e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metallography is the study of the physical structure and components of metals, by using microscopy.
Ceramic and polymeric materials may also be prepared using metallographic techniques, hence the terms ceramography, plastography and, collectively, materialography. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RT can be used to synthesize actinide complexes. RT has been used to synthesize uranium halides using uranium metal and mercury halides as shown:
:U + HgX → UX + Hg (X = Cl, Br, I)
This actinide RT reaction can be done with multiple mercury compounds to coordinate ligands other than halogens to the metal:
:2 U + 3 (CH... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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