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Berberine bridge enzyme-like (BBE-like enzymes) form a subgroup of the superfamily of FAD-linked oxidases (SCOPe d.58.32), structurally characterized by a typical fold observed initially for vanillyl-alcohol oxidase (VAO). This proteins are part of a multigene family (PF08031) that can be found in plants, fungi and bac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A typical experiment, consists of a glass tube of volume V, and of cross-section A, which is open on one of its end. A ball (or sometimes a piston) of mass m with the same cross-section, creating an air-tight seal, is allowed to fall under gravity g. The entrapped gas is first compressed by the weight of the piston, wh... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some reports have been published on the pharmacokinetics of CoQ. The plasma peak can be observed 6-8 hours after oral administration when taken as a pharmacological substance. In some studies, a second plasma peak also was observed at approximately 24 hours after administration, probably due to both enterohepatic recyc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Various estimates for the efficiency of quantum reflection of waves from ridged mirror were discussed in the literature. All the estimates explicitly use the de Broglie theory about wave properties of reflected atoms. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Source: [http://www.asbmb.org/awards/cohn/ American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]
*2020 - Carol Fierke
*2019 - Angela Gronenborn
*2018 – Leemor Joshua-Tor
*2017 – Wei Yang
*2016 – Eva Nogales
*2015 – Judith P. Klinman
*2014 – Lila M. Gierasch
*2013 – Jennifer A. Doudna | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electrofiltration is a technique for separation and concentration of colloidal substances – for instance biopolymers. The principle of electrofiltration is based on overlaying electric field on a standard dead-end filtration. Thus the created polarity facilitates electrophoretic force which is opposite to the resistanc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rickets, a childhood disease, is characterized by impeded growth and soft, weak, deformed long bones that bend and bow under their weight as children start to walk. Rickets typically appears between 3 and 18 months of age. Cases continue to be reported in North American and other Western Countries and is primarily seen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As indicated in the table below, many hydrates of metal chlorides are molecular complexes. These compounds are often important commercial sources of transition metal chlorides. Several hydrated metal chlorides are not molecular and thus are not included in this tabulation. For example the dihydrates of manganese(II... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In plant physiology, the Warburg effect is the decrease in the rate of photosynthesis due to high oxygen concentrations. Oxygen is a competitive inhibitor of carbon dioxide fixation by RuBisCO which initiates photosynthesis. Furthermore, oxygen stimulates photorespiration which reduces photosynthetic output. These tw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Flutamide has been found to be effective in the treatment of acne and seborrhea in women in a number of studies. In a long-term study of 230 women with acne, 211 of whom also had seborrhea, very-low-dose flutamide alone or in combination with an oral contraceptive caused a marked decrease in acne and seborrhea after 6 ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
All jet engines are reaction engines that generate thrust by emitting a jet of fluid rearwards at relatively high speed. The forces on the inside of the engine needed to create this jet give a strong thrust on the engine which pushes the craft forwards.
Jet engines make their jet from propellant stored in tanks that ar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ribosomal frameshifting may be controlled by mechanisms found in the mRNA sequence (cis-acting). This generally refers to a slippery sequence, a RNA secondary structure, or both. A −1 frameshift signal consists of both elements separated by a spacer region typically 5–9 nucleotides long. Frameshifting may also be induc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In this method, plant nuclei are isolated by physically grinding tissues and reconstituting the intact nuclei in a unique Nuclear Isolation Buffer (NIB). The plastid DNAs are released from organelles and eliminated with an osmotic buffer by washing and centrifugation. The purified nuclei are then lysed and further clea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MDI is commonly used in the manufacture of rigid foams and surface coating. Polyurethane foam boards are used in construction for insulation. TDI is commonly used in applications where flexible foams are used, such as furniture and bedding. Both MDI and TDI are used in the making of adhesives and sealants due to weathe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The methodology of inference involves a combination of induction and deduction by moving from particular to particular via generality. It has five steps, as in the example shown:
* There is fire on the hill (called Pratijñā, required to be proved)
* Because there is smoke there (called Hetu, reason)
* Wherever there is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The two-dimensional stagnation-point flow belongs to the case . The flow field is described as follows
where we let . This flow field is investigated as early as 1934 by G. I. Taylor. In the laboratory, this flow field is created using a four-mill apparatus, although these flow fields are ubiquitous in turbulent flows. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a solid, shear stress is a function of strain, but in a fluid, shear stress is a function of strain rate. A consequence of this behavior is Pascals law which describes the role of pressure in characterizing a fluids state.
The behavior of fluids can be described by the Navier–Stokes equations—a set of partial diffe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The stability of individual atropisomers is conferred by the repulsive interactions that inhibit rotation. Both the steric bulk and, in principle, the length and rigidity of the bond connecting the two subunits contribute. Commonly, atropisomerism is studied by dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, since atr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A colorimeter is a device used in colorimetry that measures the absorbance of particular wavelengths of light by a specific solution. It is commonly used to determine the concentration of a known solute in a given solution by the application of the Beer–Lambert law, which states that the concentration of a solute is pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted guidelines on the approval, installation and use of exhaust gas scrubbers (exhaust gas cleaning systems) on board ships to ensure compliance with the sulphur regulation of MARPOL Annex VI. Flag States must approve such systems and port States can (as part of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alison Butler is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She works on bioinorganic chemistry and metallobiochemistry. She is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1997), the American Chemical Society (2012),... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One measure of air pollution used in air quality standards is the atmospheric concentration of particulate matter. This measure is usually expressed in μg/m (micrograms per cubic metre). In the current EU emission norms for cars, vans, and trucks and in the upcoming EU emission norm for non-road mobile machinery, parti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A ternary complex is a protein complex containing three different molecules that are bound together. In structural biology, ternary complex can also be used to describe a crystal containing a protein with two small molecules bound, such as a cofactor and a substrate; or a complex formed between two proteins and a singl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the early history of thermodynamics, a positive amount of work done by the system on the surroundings leads to energy being lost from the system. This historical sign convention has been used in many physics textbooks and is used in the present article.
According to the first law of thermodynamics for a closed syste... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Boric acid is used to treat or prevent boron deficiencies in plants. It is also used in preservation of grains such as rice and wheat. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The traditional way to analyze the ascorbic acid content is the process of titration with an oxidizing agent, and several procedures have been developed.
The popular iodometry approach uses iodine in the presence of a starch indicator. Iodine is reduced by ascorbic acid, and, when all the ascorbic acid has reacted, the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Prior to the discovery of rasagiline, a closely related analog called [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/SU-11739 SU-11739] (AGN 1133) was patented. At first, the N-methyl was necessary for the agent to be considered a ring cyclized analog of pargyline with ca. twenty-times the potency. However, the N-methyl co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Larive has received a number of awards, including the National Science Foundation CAREER Award in 1995.
She received the American Chemical Society Analytical Division's J. Calvin Giddings Award for Excellence in Education in 2007 and served as chair of the Analytical Division in 2013. In 2015, Larive received the Award... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For flows in pipes, if flow is turbulent then the laminar sublayer caused by the pipe wall is so thin that it is negligible. Plug flow will be achieved if the sublayer thickness is much less than the pipe diameter (<<D).
where is the Darcy friction factor (from the above equation or the Moody Chart), is the sublayer ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1964, Gofman raised questions about a lack of data on low-level radiation and also proposed a wide-ranging study of exposure in medicine and the workplace at a symposium for nuclear scientists and engineers. This helped start a national inquiry into the safety of atomic power. With his colleague Dr. Arthur R. Tampli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Spectrophotometry is an important technique used in many biochemical experiments that involve DNA, RNA, and protein isolation, enzyme kinetics and biochemical analyses. Since samples in these applications are not readily available in large quantities, they are especially suited to be analyzed in this non-destructive te... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It is possible to perform a CD4 co-receptor blockade, using antibodies, in order to lower T cell activation and counteract autoimmune disorders. This blockade appears to elicit a "dominant" effect, that is to say, once blocked, the T cells do not regain their ability to become active. This effect then spreads to native... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate
:ATP(aq) + (l) = ADP(aq) + HPO(aq) + H(aq)
releases of enthalpy. This may differ under physiological conditions if the reactant and products are not exactly in these ionization states. The values of the free energy released by cleaving either a phosphate (P) or a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CPT can be used to detect specific DNA sequences and by extension specific genotypes. For example, CPT can be used to distinguish GMO produce from non-GMO produce. Clinically, CPT can be used as an alternative to cell culturing in order to detect antibacterial resistance of a pathogen.
CPT, at its core, detects whethe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the Ursell number indicates the nonlinearity of long surface gravity waves on a fluid layer. This dimensionless parameter is named after Fritz Ursell, who discussed its significance in 1953.
The Ursell number is derived from the Stokes wave expansion, a perturbation series for nonlinear periodic wave... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the human genome, STAT6 protein is encoded by the STAT6 gene, located on the chromosome 12q13.3-q14.1. The gene encompasses over 19 kb and consists of 23 exons. STAT6 shares structural similarity with the other STAT proteins and is composed of the N-terminal domain, DNA binding domain, SH3- like domain, SH2 domain a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the early 1950s, divers found the remains of a shipwreck in Cape Gelidonya, off the coast of Turkey. The remains included a substantial amount of copper oxhide ingot material: 34 in full, five in half, 12 corners, and of random fragments. Twenty-four full copper oxhide ingots have stamps on their centers—usually of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most important factor in influencing homoaromatic character is the addition of a single homoconjugate linkage into the parent aromatic compound. The location of the homoconjugate bond is not important as all homoaromatic species can be derived from aromatic compounds that possess symmetry and equal bond order betwe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When heated, n-BuLi, analogously to other alkyllithium reagents with "β-hydrogens", undergoes β-hydride elimination to produce 1-butene and lithium hydride (LiH):
: CHLi → LiH + CHCHCH=CH | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In synaptic vesicles, some neurochemists have suggested that vesicles occasionally may not completely fuse with presynaptic membranes in neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft. The controversy lies in whether or not endocytosis always occurs in vesicle reforming after release of the neurotransmitter. Anothe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
is produced by the chloride process, which involves the reduction of titanium oxide ores, typically ilmenite (), with carbon under flowing chlorine at 900 °C. Impurities are removed by distillation.
The coproduction of Iron(III) chloride| is undesirable, which has motivated the development of alternative technologies. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The earliest electrical application of SiC was as a surge protection in lightning arresters in electric power systems. These devices must exhibit high resistance until the voltage across them reaches a certain threshold V at which point their resistance must drop to a lower level and maintain this level until the appli... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Duke University did a study where they dosed a loblolly pine plantation with elevated levels of . The studies showed that the pines did indeed grow faster and stronger. They were also less prone to damage during ice storms, which is a factor that limits loblolly growth farther north. The forest did relatively better du... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At standard ambient temperature and pressure, trifluoroperacetic acid is a colourless liquid with a boiling point of 162 °C. It is soluble in acetonitrile, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, and sulfolane, and readily reacts with water. Like all peroxy acids, it is potentially explosive and requires careful handling. It ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In stem cell biology, a heterologous transplant refers to cells from a mixed population of donor cells. This is in contrast to an autologous transplant where the cells are derived from the same individual or an allogenic transplant where the donor cells are HLA matched to the recipient. A heterologous source of thera... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Reynolds Analogy is popularly known to relate turbulent momentum and heat transfer. That is because in a turbulent flow (in a pipe or in a boundary layer) the transport of momentum and the transport of heat largely depends on the same turbulent eddies: the velocity and the temperature profiles have the same shape. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term kagome lattice was coined by Japanese physicist Kôdi Husimi, and first appeared in a 1951 paper by his assistant Ichirō Shōji.
The kagome lattice in this sense consists of the vertices and edges of the trihexagonal tiling.
Despite the name, these crossing points do not form a mathematical lattice.
A related th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually or spectroscopically by changes in absorption and/or emission properties. Hence, a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (HO) or hydrogen ion... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hammond's postulate can be used to examine the structure of the transition states of a SN1 reaction. In particular, the dissociation of the leaving group is the first transition state in a S1 reaction. The stabilities of the carbocations formed by this dissociation are known to follow the trend tertiary > secondary > ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Autologous grafts are used to transfer tissue from one site to another on the same body. The use of autologous grafts prevents transplantation rejection reactions.
Grafts used for oral reconstruction are preferably taken from the oral cavity itself (such as gingival and palatal grafts). However, their limited availabi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Krupp–Renn process was a direct reduction steelmaking process used from the 1930s to the 1970s. It used a rotary furnace and was one of the few technically and commercially successful direct reduction processes in the world, acting as an alternative to blast furnaces due to their coke consumption. The Krupp-Renn pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Negative hyperconjugation is a theorized phenomenon in organosilicon compounds, in which hyperconjugation stabilizes or destabilizes certain accumulations of positive charge. The phenomenon explains corresponding peculiarities in the stereochemistry and rate of hydrolysis.
Second-row elements generally stabilize ad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After being scattered by the sample, the profile of the diffracted beam needs to be detected by a two-dimensionally resolving X-ray detector. The classical "detector" is X-ray sensitive film, with nuclear plates as a traditional alternative. The first step beyond these "offline" detectors were the so-called image plate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As an innovation value chain processes and management specialist, Anim-Mensah was featured on the VOA NightLife Africa Radio on the subject of "How Effectively Harnessing of African Ideas is The Bedrock of African Industrialization". He was featured on "Africa Must Industrialize Now: The Urgency for Value Addition to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The basic structure of [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720035915/http://metpetdb.rpi.edu/ MetPetDB] is based on a geologic sample and derivative subsamples. Geochemical data are linked to subsamples and the minerals within them, while image data can relate to samples or subsamples. MetPetDB is designed to store the d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Cariaco Basin in Venezuela has been used to study the cycle of organic material in euxinic marine environments. An increase in productivity coincident with post glacial nutrient loading probably caused a transition from oxic to anoxic and subsequently euxinic conditions around 14.5 thousand years ago. High producti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hubel was elected as an ASME Fellow in 2008, and a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering in 2012. She was named a Cryofellow of the Society for Cryobiology in 2021. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The adsorption/bio-oxidation process was applied at the Krefeld plant (800 000 P.E.) in 1985 for the first time. The plant was expanded and modified and currently treats municipal and industrial wastewater of 1 200 000 P.E.
Currently adsorption/bio-oxidation process is applied at the municipal treatment plants in Germa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wastewater treatment is a process which removes and eliminates contaminants from wastewater and converts this into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent creates an acceptable impact on the environment or is reused for various purposes (called water reclamati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cleaning surfaces in environments without water has been a challenge. Electric curtain devices were designed to remove particles by creating electric fields on the surface and carrying away particles due to their charged nature. It has been used in solar panels as well as 3D printers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lipotoxicity is a metabolic syndrome that results from the accumulation of lipid intermediates in non-adipose tissue, leading to cellular dysfunction and death. The tissues normally affected include the kidneys, liver, heart and skeletal muscle. Lipotoxicity is believed to have a role in heart failure, obesity, and dia... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biology, depolarization or hypopolarization is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside. Depolarization is essential to the function of many cells, communication between cells, and the o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hammond married Marian Reese in 1945, and had five children with her. The couple divorced in 1975, and he was remarried soon after to Eve Menger. He had two children with Eve. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The invention and widespread application of hydraulic mining, namely hushing and ground-sluicing, aided by the ability of the Romans to plan and execute mining operations on a large scale, allowed various base and precious metals to be extracted on a proto-industrial scale only rarely matched until the Industrial Revol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most common synthesis method of gold(III) bromide is heating gold and excess liquid bromine at 140 °C:
Alternatively, the halide-exchange reaction of gold(III) chloride with hydrobromic acid has also been proven successful in synthesizing gold(III) bromide:
This reaction is driven by the production of the relativel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PFOA and PFOS have been shown to significantly alter immune and inflammatory responses in human and animal species. In particular, IgA, IgE (in females only) and C-reactive protein have been shown to decrease whereas antinuclear antibodies increase as PFOA serum concentrations increase. These cytokine variations allude... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Moody's team used the available data (including that of Nikuradse) to show that fluid flow in rough pipes could be described by four dimensionless quantities: Reynolds number, pressure loss coefficient, diameter ratio of the pipe and the relative roughness of the pipe. They then produced a single plot which showed tha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. Most systems found in nature are not in thermodynamic equilibrium because they are not in stationary states, and are continuously and discontinuously subject to flux of matter and energy to an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term "paucimannose" (occasionally spelled as "pauci-mannose") was coined in the early 1990s glycobiology literature Paucimannose utilises the prefix "pauci" meaning few or small in Latin and the suffix "mannose" indicating glycans involving mannose-terminating glycans.
The phrases protein paucimannosylation and pau... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cerevisterol was first discovered in 1928 as a component of crude yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) sterols remaining from the manufacture of the related ergosterol. Chemists Edna M. Honeywell and Charles E. Bills purified the compound and reported some of its properties in a 1932 publication. They noted its high meltin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are notable similarities in the commonly used approximate differential equations for momentum, heat, and mass transfer. The molecular transfer equations of Newtons law for fluid momentum at low Reynolds number (Stokes flow), Fouriers law for heat, and Fick's law for mass are very similar, since they are all linea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peramivir is developed by structure-based drug design. After the influenza NA inhibitor activity of α/β-6-acetyl-amino-3,6-dideoxy -D-glycero-altro-2-nonulofuranosonic acid was reported by Yamamoto et al., the cyclopentane derivatives was designed with a guanidino group replacing C4-hydroxyl position of DANA in the act... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Mathematics (Calculus, differential equations, statistics)
*Physics
*Chemistry
*Engineering Mechanics (Statics, Dynamics, Solids Mechanics)
*Fluid Mechanics
*Thermodynamics | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Viral transformation can impose characteristically determinable features upon a cell. Typical phenotypic changes include high saturation density, anchorage-independent growth, loss of contact inhibition, loss of orientated growth, immortalization, disruption of the cell's cytoskeleton. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A modern steel plant employs very few people per tonne, compared to the past. In South Korea, Posco employs 29,648 people to produce 28 million tonnes.
During the period 1974 to 1999, the steel industry had drastically reduced employment all around the world. In the US, it was down from 521,000 to 153,000. In Japan, fr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dimitra Markovitsi's areas of research interest include photophysics and photochemistry in the condensed phase, time-resolved optical spectroscopy (absorption, fluorescence), excited states, energy, and charge transfer, charge separation, ionization, radical formation, photodamage, UV-induced primary processes in DNA (... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Xylomannan is an antifreeze molecule, found in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides. Unlike antifreeze proteins, xylomannan is not a protein. Instead, it is a combination of a sugar (saccharide) and a fatty acid that is found in cell membranes. As such is expected to work in a different manner than AF... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As one of ASCEs flagship journals which began publication in 1956, this journals origin goes back to the publication of the first volume of Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1892. Established originally as Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division and renamed Journal of the Environmental Eng... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the Mayr–Patz equation (1994):
The second order reaction rate constant k at 20 °C for a reaction is related to a nucleophilicity parameter N, an electrophilicity parameter E, and a nucleophile-dependent slope parameter s. The constant s is defined as 1 with 2-methyl-1-pentene as the nucleophile.
Many of the constant... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Luminol's use in a crime scene investigation is somewhat hampered by the fact that it reacts to iron- and copper-containing compounds, bleaches, horseradish, fecal matter, or cigarette smoke residue. Application of luminol to a piece of evidence may prevent other tests from being performed on it; however DNA has been s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A pipe wrench is any of several types of wrench that are designed to turn threaded pipe and pipe fittings for assembly (tightening) or disassembly (loosening). The Stillson wrench, or Stillson-pattern wrench, is the usual form of pipe wrench, especially in the US. The Stillson name is that of the original patent holder... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Monomers capable of forming single, double, triple or quadruple hydrogen bonding has been utilized for making supramolecular polymers, and increased association of monomers obviously possible when monomers have maximum number of hydrogen bonding donor/acceptor motifs. For instance, ureidopyrimidinone-based monomer wit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Rayleigh number, shown below, is a dimensionless number that characterizes convection problems in heat transfer. A critical value exists for the Rayleigh number, above which fluid motion occurs.
The ratio of the Grashof number to the square of the Reynolds number may be used to determine if forced or free convectio... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Both sexual and asexual reproductions are implemented. Asexual reproduction is implemented as producing the offsprings genome (the gene network) by directly copying the parents genome. Sexual reproduction is implemented as the recombination of the two parents' genomes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ketones and aldehydes with electron-withdrawing substituents react more readily with diazoalkanes than those bearing electron-donating substituents (Table 2). In addition to accelerating the reaction, electron-withdrawing substituents typically increase the amount of epoxide produced (Table 2).
The effects of substitu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NMR Cryoporometry (NMRC) is a recent technique for measuring total porosity and pore size distributions. It makes use of the Gibbs-Thomson effect : small crystals of a liquid in the pores melt at a lower temperature than the bulk liquid : The melting point depression is inversely proportional to the pore size. The tech... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because of the large size of the α-pinenyl substituents, diisopinocampheylborane only hydroborates unhindered alkenes. These reactions proceed with high enantioselectivity. 2-Butene, 2-pentene, 3-hexene are converted to the respective chiral alcohols in high ees. Norbornene under the same conditions gave an 83% ee. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A warming climate increases surface temperatures of waters which affects multiple aspects of euxinic water formation. As waters warm, the solubility of oxygen decreases, allowing for deep anoxic waters to form more readily. Additionally, the warmer water causes increased respiration of organic matter leading to further... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Contrary to the usual fundamental soliton that can maintain its profile unchanged during propagation, the Peregrine soliton presents a double spatio-temporal localization. Therefore, starting from a weak oscillation on a continuous background, the Peregrine soliton develops undergoing a progressive increase of its ampl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The basic room purge equation can be used only for purge scenarios. In a scenario where a liquid continuously evaporates from a container in a ventilated room, a differential equation has to be used:
where the ventilation rate has been adjusted by a mixing factor K:
*C = concentration of a gas
*G = generation rate
*V... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After the insertion of Okazaki fragments, the RNA primers are removed (the mechanism of removal differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes) and replaced with new deoxyribonucleotides that fill the gaps where the RNA primer was present. DNA ligase then joins the fragmented strands together, completing the synthesis of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diazo compounds are used as precursors to carbenes, which are generated by thermolysis or photolysis, for example in the Wolff rearrangement. As such they are used in cyclopropanation for example in the reaction of ethyl diazoacetate with styrene. Certain diazo compounds can couple to form alkenes in a formal carbene d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trimethoprim-Halotag (TMP-HTag) is a small molecule chemical linker developed for the rapid and reversible control of protein localization in living cells (Ballister). TMP is an dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor chosen for its specificity in binding to the bacterial form of DHFR. The other half of the linker is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NANOG is highly expressed in cancer stem cells and may thus function as an oncogene to promote carcinogenesis. High expression of NANOG correlates with poor survival in cancer patients.
Recent research has shown that the localization of NANOG and other transcription factors have potential consequences on cellular funct... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
2D correlation analysis originated from 2D NMR spectroscopy. Isao Noda developed perturbation based 2D spectroscopy in the 1980s. This technique required sinusoidal perturbations to the chemical system under investigation. This specific type of the applied perturbation severely limited its possible applications. Follow... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When bacterial cells run out of nutrients, they enter stationary phase and downregulate protein synthesis. Several processes mediate this transition. For instance, in E. coli, 70S ribosomes form 90S dimers upon binding with a small 6.5 kDa protein, ribosome modulation factor RMF. These intermediate ribosome dimers can ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* International Symposium on the Origin of Life on the Earth (held at Moscow, 19–24 August 1957)
* Proceedings of the SPIE held at San Jose, California, 22–24 January 2001
* Proceedings of the SPIE held at San Diego, California, 31 July–2 August 2005 | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Virilization or masculinization is the biological development of adult male characteristics in young males or females. Most of the changes of virilization are produced by androgens.
Virilization is a medical term commonly used in three medical and biology of sex contexts: prenatal biological sexual differentiation, the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Between two phases in equilibrium there is a narrow region where the properties are not that of either phase. Although this region may be very thin, it can have significant and easily observable effects, such as causing a liquid to exhibit surface tension. In mixtures, some components may preferentially move toward the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Histamine N-methyltransferase is encoded by a single gene, called HNMT, which has been mapped to chromosome 2 in humans.
Three transcript variants have been identified for this gene in humans, which produce different protein isoforms due to alternative splicing, which allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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