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The gabT gene encodes for GABA transaminase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GABA and 2-oxoglutarate into succinate semialdehyde and glutamate. Succinate semialdehyde is then oxidized into succinate by succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase which is encoded by the gabP gene, thereby entering the TCA cycle as a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The sigma-2 receptor is located in the lipid raft. The sigma-2 receptor is found in several areas of the brain, including high densities in the cerebellum, motor cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra. It is also highly expressed in the lungs, liver, and kidneys. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
When the ribosome movement on the mRNA is not linear, the ribosome gets paused at different regions without a precise reason. The ribosome pause position will help to identify the mRNA sequence features, structure, and the transacting factor that modulates this process. The advantage of ribosomal pause sites that are l... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* geWorkbench is open-source software that can be downloaded and installed locally. A zip file of the released version Java source is also available.
* Prepackaged installer versions also exist for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Since the Civil War, North Alabama became one of the countrys leading iron and steel manufacturers. The Birmingham District was particularly well positioned to be an iron-and-steel production centre in the southern United States. The development of Alabamas iron and steel industry was primarily stimulated by the abunda... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) is a small cytokine that was previously called monocyte-chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3). CCL7 is a small protein that belongs to the CC chemokine family and is most closely related to CCL2 (previously called MCP1). | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
It can be synthesised in the following ways:
* as an intermetallic compound, by direct fusion of pure components according to stoichiometric calculations:
* by reduction of uranium dioxide with hydrogen in the presence of platinum: | 0 | Metallurgy |
Magnetic roasting involves controlled roasting of the ore to convert it into a magnetic form, thus enabling easy separation and processing in subsequent steps. For example, controlled reduction of haematite (non magnetic FeO) to magnetite (magnetic FeO). | 0 | Metallurgy |
Non-ferrous metals are used in residential,
commercial and industrial applications. Material selection for a mechanical or structural application requires some important considerations, including how easily the material can be shaped into a finished part and how its properties can be either intentionally or inadvertent... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Plasma transferred wire arc (PTWA) is another form of wire arc spray which deposits a coating on the internal surface of a cylinder, or on the external surface of a part of any geometry. It is predominantly known for its use in coating the cylinder bores of an engine, enabling the use of Aluminum engine blocks without ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Although the classification of tumor suppressor genes into these categories is helpful to the scientific community, the potential role of many genes cannot be reliably identified as the functions of many genes are rather ill-defined. In some contexts, genes exhibit discrete caretaker function while in other situations... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A regulatory DNA sequence does not regulate unless it is activated. Different regulatory sequences are activated and then implement their regulation by different mechanisms. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
RNA Pol II elongation promoters can be summarised in three classes:
# Drug/sequence-dependent arrest affected factors, e.g., SII (TFIIS) and P-TEFb protein families.
# Chromatin structure oriented factors. Based on histone post translational modifications – phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation and ubiquination.
#:... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Froth flotation is one of the processes used to recover recycled paper. In the paper industry this step is called deinking or just flotation. The target is to release and remove the hydrophobic contaminants from the recycled paper. The contaminants are mostly printing ink and stickies. Normally the setup is a two-stage... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Continuous casting is a refinement of the casting process for the continuous, high-volume production of metal sections with a constant cross-section. Its primarily used to produce a semi-finished products for further processing. Molten metal is poured into an open-ended, water-cooled mold, which allows a skin' of soli... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Hardenability is the depth to which a steel is hardened after putting it through a heat treatment process. It should not be confused with hardness, which is a measure of a sample's resistance to indentation or scratching. It is an important property for welding, since it is inversely proportional to weldability, that i... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Nickel aluminide refers to either of two widely used intermetallic compounds, NiAl or NiAl, but the term is sometimes used to refer to any nickel–aluminium alloy. These alloys are widely used because of their high strength even at high temperature, low density, corrosion resistance, and ease of production. NiAl is of s... | 0 | Metallurgy |
E. coli produces a second protein responsible for degradation of (p)ppGpp, SpoT. When the amino acid balance in the cell is restored, (p)ppGpp is hydrolyzed by SpoT and returned to a more energetically favorable state. This protein also has the capacity to synthesize (p)ppGpp, and seems to be the primary synthase under... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This book is extensively illustrated and describes the tools and machinery associated with mining. Handtools and different sorts of buckets, wheelbarrows and trucks on wooded plankways are described. Packs for horses and sledges are used to carry loads above ground. Agricola then provides details of various kinds of ma... | 0 | Metallurgy |
PERK (encoded in humans by the gene EIF2AK3) responds mainly to endoplasmic reticulum stress and has two modes of activation. This kinase has a unique luminal domain that plays a role in activation. The classical model of activation states that the luminal domain is normally bound to 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (G... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In general, in prokaryotes the lifetime of mRNA is much shorter than in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes degrade messages by using a combination of ribonucleases, including endonucleases, 3 exonucleases, and 5 exonucleases. In some instances, small RNA molecules (sRNA) tens to hundreds of nucleotides long can stimulate the degr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Oxidizing roasting, the most commonly practiced roasting process, involves heating the ore in excess of air or oxygen, to burn out or replace the impurity element, generally sulfur, partly or completely by oxygen. For sulfide roasting, the general reaction can be given by:
:2MS (s) + 3O (g) -> 2MO (s) + 2SO (g)
Roa... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Three prime untranslated regions (3UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) often contain regulatory sequences that post-transcriptionally cause RNA interference. Such 3-UTRs often contain both binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as for regulatory proteins. By binding to specific sites within the 3-UTR, miRNAs can decr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Shape-memory coupling is a system for connecting pipes using shape-memory alloys. In its typical form the technique uses an internally ribbed sleeve of alloy such as Tinel(see Nitinol) that is slightly smaller in diameter than the pipes it is to connect. The sleeve is cooled in liquid nitrogen then, in this low-tempera... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Salt spray testing is popular because it is relatively inexpensive, quick, well standardized, and reasonably repeatable. Although there may be a weak correlation between the duration in salt spray test and the expected life of a coating in certain coatings such as hot-dip galvanized steel, this test has gained worldwi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Rotavirus mRNAs are capped but not polyadenylated, and viral proteins are translated by the cellular translation machinery. This is accomplished through the action of the viral Nonstructural Protein NSP3 which specifically binds the 3' consensus sequence of viral mRNAs and interacts with the eukaryotic translation init... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Artists and metalworkers often deliberately add patinas as a part of the original design and decoration of art and furniture, or to simulate antiquity in newly made objects. The process is often called distressing.
A wide range of chemicals, both household and commercial, can give a variety of patinas. They are often ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
For superalloys operating at high temperatures and exposed to corrosive environments, oxidation behavior is a concern. Oxidation involves chemical reactions of the alloying elements with oxygen to form new oxide phases, generally at the alloy surface. If unmitigated, oxidation can degrade the alloy over time in a varie... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The majority of these twintrons have been characterized within the Euglena chloroplast genome but these elements have also been found in cryptomonad algae (Pyrenomonas salina), and group I intron based twintrons (group I inserted within a group I intron) have been described in Didymium iridis. Since the discovery of th... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The initiation of the transcription is a multistep sequential process that involves several mechanisms: promoter location, initial reversible binding of RNA polymerase, conformational changes in RNA polymerase, conformational changes in DNA, binding of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) to the functional RNA polymerase-pro... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Pure calcium carbide is a colourless solid. The common crystalline form at room temperature is a distorted rock-salt structure with the C</sup> units lying parallel. There are three different polymorphs which appear at room temperature: the tetragonal structure and two different monoclinic structures. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Promoters reside at the beginning of the gene and serve as the site where the transcription machinery assembles and transcription of the gene begins. Enhancers turn on the promoters at specific locations, times, and levels and can be simply defined as the “promoters of the promoter.” Silencers are thought to turn off ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Hammond married Ellen Sarah Sophia Clarke (1833–1905), the sister-in-law of Samuel Warren, in 1874. Hammond survived her by three years upon her death in 1905.
Along with New York architect Alexander Twombly, who was the engineer and draftsman of Forest Paper Company, Hammond designed what is today known as Camp Hammon... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Inverse agonists differ from regular agonists in that they effect receptors to which a regular agonist binds such that the bound receptors demonstrate reduced activity compared to when they are normally inactive. In other words, inverse antagonists limit the efficacy of the bound receptor in some way. This is noted to ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A common concept in materials science is that, at ambient conditions, smaller features (like grain size or absolute size) generally lead to stronger materials (see Hall-Petch strengthening, Weibull statistics). However, due to the high-level of porosity in the dealloyed materials, their strengths and stiffnesses are re... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Chemistry determines the optimum relationship between the fuel and the material, among other variables. The reverberatory furnace can be contrasted on the one hand with the blast furnace, in which fuel and material are mixed in a single chamber, and, on the other hand, with crucible, muffling, or retort furnaces, in w... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Unlike in protein coding regions, where the assumption of sequence conservation of functionally homologous genes have been frequently proved, there is not a clear relationship of conservation between sequences and their functions for regulatory regions. The transcriptional promoters regions are under less stringent se... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The strip mill was a major innovation, with the first being erected at Ashland, Kentucky in 1923. This provided a continuous process, eliminating the need to pass the plates over the rolls and to double them. At the end the strip was cut with a guillotine shear or rolled into a coil. Early (hot rolling) strip mills ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
An RA plot, like its cousin, the MA plot, is a re-scaled and (45-degree) rotated version of a simple two-dimensional scatter plot of a versus b where a and b are equal-length vectors of positive measurements. This rescaling and rotation allows for better visibility and emphasis of important outliers points that vary ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The environmental bacterium and opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum sensing to coordinate the formation of biofilm, swarming motility, exopolysaccharide production, virulence, and cell aggregation. These bacteria can grow within a host without harming it until they reach a threshold concentration.... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Primary role of EpoR is to promote proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells and rescue erythroid progenitors from cell death. EpoR induced Jak2-Stat5 signaling, together with transcriptional factor GATA-1, induces the transcription of pro-survival protein Bcl-xL. Additionally, EpoR has been implicated in suppressing... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is instrumental in the development of limbs, specifically in its ability to regulate bone growth through paracrine signaling of cytokines. However, mutations in this pathway have been implicated in severe forms of dwarfism: thanatophoric dysplasia (lethal) and achondroplasic dwarfism (via... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Due to the very small electrical fields produced by neurons, mathematical models are often used in order to test a number of manipulations. Cable theory is one of the most important mathematical equations in neuroscience. It calculates electric current using capacitance and resistance as variables and has been the main... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
FAHFAs (fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids) are formed in adipose tissue, improve glucose tolerance and also reduce adipose tissue inflammation. Palmitic acid esters of hydroxy-stearic acids (PAHSAs) are among the most bioactive members able to activate G-protein coupled receptors 120. Docosahexaenoic acid ester ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
TFA is a heterodimer with two subunits: one large unprocessed (subunit 1, or alpha/beta; gene name ) and one small (subunit 2, or gamma; gene name ). It was originally believed to be a heterotrimer of an alpha (p35), a beta (p19) and a gamma subunit (p12). In humans, the sizes of the encoded proteins are approximately ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Hydrogen gas porosity is an aluminium casting defect in the form of a porosity or void in an aluminium casting caused by a high level of hydrogen gas (H) dissolved in the aluminium at liquid phase. The solubility of hydrogen in solid aluminium is much smaller than in liquid aluminium. As the aluminium freezes, some of ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
PELP1 is a proto-oncogene that provides cancer cells with a distinct growth and survival advantage. PELP1 overexpression has been reported in many cancers. PELP1 expression is an independent prognostic predictor of shorter breast cancer–specific survival and disease free interval. Patients whose tumors had high levels... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron, copper, silver, tin, lead and zinc. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, drivin... | 0 | Metallurgy |
*The G complexes sometimes also have active functions. Examples include coupling to and activating G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Tarnish is a product of a chemical reaction between a metal and a nonmetal compound, especially oxygen and sulfur dioxide. It is usually a metal oxide, the product of oxidation; sometimes it is a metal sulfide. The metal oxide sometimes reacts with water to make the hydroxide, or with carbon dioxide to make the carbona... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Amorphous metal is usually an alloy rather than a pure metal. The alloys contain atoms of significantly different sizes, leading to low free volume (and therefore up to orders of magnitude higher viscosity than other metals and alloys) in molten state. The viscosity prevents the atoms moving enough to form an ordered l... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Both prokaryotic and eukarotic genomes are organized into large loops of protein-bound DNA. In eukaryotes, the bases of the loops are called scaffold attachment regions (SARs) and they consist of stretches of DNA that bind an RNA/protein complex to stabilize the loop. There are about 100,000 loops in the human genome a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Antiquarian interest in the gold artefacts of prehistory emerged in the British Isles during the Early Modern period. In 1696, the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, southern England obtained the Ballyshannon Disk, the first such artefact of its type in their collection, although in ensuing centuries they would gain a number ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Depending on the environment developed in the crevice and the nature of the metal, the crevice corrosion can take a form of:
* pitting (i.e., formation of pits), but note pitting and crevice corrosion are not the same phenomenon,
* filiform corrosion (this type of crevice corrosion that may occur on a metallic surface ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In base and precious metals flotation, the Jameson Cell has established itself as being particularly useful in several applications in flotation circuits that also use other types of flotation cells, such as mechanical cells. These applications include:
* preflotation roughers for removing naturally hydrophobic gangue ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As PA is rapidly converted to DAG, it is very short-lived in the cell. This means that it is difficult to measure PA production and therefore to study the role of PA in the cell. However, PLD activity can be measured by the addition of primary alcohols to the cell. PLD then carries out a transphosphatidylation reaction... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Nahal Mishmar (Hebrew:נחל משמר) or Wadi Mahras (Arabic:مَحْرَس) is a small seasonal stream in the Judean Desert in Israel. A hoard of rare Chalcolithic artifacts (the Nahal Mishmar hoard) was discovered in a cave near the stream bed which was dubbed the "Treasure Cave". | 0 | Metallurgy |
After getting out of the promoter region, the RNAP moves into the elongation state, where it keeps growing the new RNA strand in a processive process. Double stranded DNA that enters from the front of the enzyme is unzipped to avail the template strand for RNA synthesis. For every DNA base pair separated by the advanci... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The gene for the LHCGR is found on chromosome 2 p21 in humans, close to the FSH receptor gene. It consists of 70 kbp (versus 54 kpb for the FSHR). The gene is similar to the gene for the FSH receptor and the TSH receptor. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The shutter is fitted to the dimensions of the masonry opening. The pintle is embedded or surface mounted to the structure itself. The pintle pin is positioned on the outside corner of the masonry. This approach can be seen on brick structures, especially post-civil war commercial multi-story buildings. Also common in ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Potassium ethyl xanthate is used in the mining industry as flotation agent for extraction of the ores of copper, nickel, and silver. The method exploits the affinity of these "soft" metals for the organosulfur ligand.
Potassium xanthate is a useful reagent for preparing xanthate esters from alkyl and aryl halides. The ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Distribution of stop codons within the genome of an organism is non-random and can correlate with GC-content. For example, the E. coli K-12 genome contains 2705 TAA (63%), 1257 TGA (29%), and 326 TAG (8%) stop codons (GC content 50.8%). Also the substrates for the stop codons release factor 1 or release factor 2 are st... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The compound with empirical formula FeSn is the first known kagome magnet. It is an intermetallic compound composed of iron (Fe) and tin (Sn), with alternating planes of FeSn and Sn. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Most materials shrink as they solidify, but, as the adjacent table shows, a few materials do not, such as gray cast iron. For the materials that do shrink upon solidification the type of shrinkage depends on how wide the freezing range is for the material. For materials with a narrow freezing range, less than , a cavit... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The process of mechanical alloying involves the production of a composite powder particles by:
# Using a high energy mill to favor plastic deformation required for cold welding and reduce the process times
# Using a mixture of elemental and master alloy powders (the latter to reduce the activity of the element, since i... | 0 | Metallurgy |
An unspliced form of SFRP1 is the dominant form in the lung and liver, leading to an extended protein. This extended sequence contains a hydrophobic region that may act as a transmembrane anchor, modifying the localization of the protein. This may then influence the function of SFRP1 in different tissues because an u... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The definition of a coil coating process according to EN 10169:2010 is a ‘process in which an (organic) coating material is applied on rolled metal strip in a continuous process which includes cleaning, if necessary, and chemical pre-treatment of the metal surface and either one-side or two-side, single or multiple app... | 0 | Metallurgy |
GABA degradation pathways exists in almost all eukaryotic organisms and takes place by the action of similar enzymes. Although, GABA in E.coli is predominantly used as an alternative source of energy through GABA degradation pathways, GABA in higher eukaryotic organisms acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter and also a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Takehara copper refinery of the Mitsui Mining & Smelting Company Limited of Japan commissioned a BBOC in its precious metals department in 1993.
Prior to the installation of the BBOC, the Takehara refinery refined a mixture of copper and lead anode slimes in a three reverberatory furnaces (two operating and one bei... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Ephaptic coupling is a form of communication within the nervous system and is distinct from direct communication systems like electrical synapses and chemical synapses. The phrase may refer to the coupling of adjacent (touching) nerve fibers caused by the exchange of ions between the cells, or it may refer to coupling ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Genuine alternative splicing occurs in both protein-coding genes and non-coding genes to produce multiple products (proteins or non-coding RNAs). External information is needed in order to decide which product is made, given a DNA sequence and the initial transcript. Since the methods of regulation are inherited, this ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
When a neurotransmitter is released at a synapse, it reaches its highest concentration inside the narrow space of the synaptic cleft, but some of it is certain to diffuse away before being reabsorbed or broken down. If it diffuses away, it has the potential to activate receptors that are located either at other synaps... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The non-pathogenic and gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, is used for high level production of recombinant proteins; commonly for the development bio-therapeutics and vaccines. P. fluorescens is a metabolically versatile organism, allowing for high throughput screening and rapid development of complex pro... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In 1783, Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered that gold dissolved in aqueous solutions of cyanide. Through the work of Bagration (1844), Elsner (1846), and Faraday (1847), it was determined that each atom of gold required two cyanide ions, i.e. the stoichiometry of the soluble compound. | 0 | Metallurgy |
* Advantages
** By using uniform droplets to deliver therapeutic payloads to specific locations in the body, researchers can achieve greater precision and control over drug delivery while also minimizing toxicity and harmful side effects. For example, these droplets can be quickly loaded during the polymerization proce... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
There are certain advantages of using sinters as opposed to using other materials which include recycling the fines and other waste products, to include flue dust, mill scale, lime dust and sludge. Processing sinter helps eliminate raw flux, which is a binding material used to agglomerate materials, which saves the hea... | 0 | Metallurgy |
hnRNP serves a variety of processes in the cell, some of which include:
# Preventing the folding of pre-mRNA into secondary structures that may inhibit its interactions with other proteins.
# Possible association with the splicing apparatus.
# Transport of mRNA out of the nucleus.
The association of a pre-mRNA molecule... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Signal peptides are not to be confused with the leader peptides sometimes encoded by leader mRNA, although both are sometimes ambiguously referred to as "leader peptides." These other leader peptides are short polypeptides that do not function in protein localization, but instead may regulate transcription or translati... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Also in 1989, Peko Mines, then a division of North Broken Hill Peko Limited, also engaged Jameson to undertake test work in its Warrego concentrator near Tennant Creek in Australias Northern Territory. The objective was to determine the Jameson Cells performance in cleaning copper concentrate to improve its grade by re... | 0 | Metallurgy |
All STAT molecules are phosphorylated by receptor associated kinases, that causes activation, dimerization by forming homo- or heterodimers and finally translocate to nucleus to work as transcription factors. Specifically STAT1 can be activated by several ligands such as Interferon alpha (IFNα), Interferon gamma (IFNγ)... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This type of equipment has an eccentric drive or weights that causes the shaker to travel in an orbital path. The material rolls over the screen and falls with the induction of gravity and directional shifts. Rubber balls and trays provide an additional mechanical means to cause the material to fall through. The bal... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In the finery, a workman known as the "finer" remelted pig iron so as to oxidise the carbon (and silicon). This produced a lump of iron (with some slag) known as a bloom. This was consolidated using a water-powered hammer (see trip hammer) and returned to the finery.
The next stages were undertaken by the "hammerman"... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Mouza Sulaiman Mohamed Al-Wardi (Arabic: موزة سليمان محمد الوردي) is a curator and historian from Oman, who is Director of the Collections Department at the National Museum. She specialises in the history of silverworking in the Oman region. | 0 | Metallurgy |
In molecular biology, the single-domain protein SUI1 is a translation initiation factor often found in the fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bakers yeast) but it is also found in other eukaryotes and prokaryotes as well as archaea. It is otherwise known as Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1 (eIF1) in eukaryotes... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Archaea have a preinitiation complex resembling that of a minimized Pol II PIC, with a TBP and an Archaeal transcription factor B (TFB, a TFIIB homolog). The assembly follows a similar sequence, starting with TBP binding to the promoter. An interesting aspect is that the entire complex is bound in an inverse orientatio... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Example phases are:
*β-MgAl: 1168 atoms per unit cell, face-centred cubic, atoms arranged in Friauf polyhedra.
*ξ'–AlPdMn: 318 atoms per unit cell, face-centred orthorhombic, atoms arranged in Mackay-type clusters.
* (Bergman phase): 163 atoms per unit cell, body centred cubic, atoms arranged in Bergman clusters.
* (... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Falcon Ultra-Fine (UF) centrifugal concentrator is primarily used for the separation of heavy minerals which occur in ore concentrations above 0.1% by weight, such as cassiterite, tantalum and scheelite when the majority of the particles are smaller than 75 µm. The machine generates forces up to 600 times the force... | 0 | Metallurgy |
While arsenic was most likely originally mixed with copper as a result of the ores already containing it, its use probably continued for a number of reasons. First, it acts as a deoxidizer, reacting with oxygen in the hot metal to form arsenous oxides which vaporize from the liquid metal. If a great deal of oxygen is d... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The first step in the investigation of archaeometallurgical slag is the identification and macro-analysis of slag in the field. Physical properties of slag such as shape, colour, porosity and even smell are used to make a primary classification to ensure representative samples from slag heaps are obtained for future mi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
* In the manga and anime series JoJos Bizarre Adventure, the Diamond is Unbreakable and Golden Wind' story arcs prominently feature a set of six arrows which are made out of meteoric iron sourced from the Cape York meteorite. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Small impurity interstitial atoms are usually on true interstitial sites between the lattice atoms. Large impurity interstitials can also be in split interstitial configurations together with a lattice atom, similar to those of the self-interstitial atom. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Knowles began his career in 1991 with a research fellowship at St Catharines College, Cambridge, before moving to New Zealand to work as a research and consultancy metallurgist for Industrial Research Ltd between 1993 and 1995. He then returned to the University of Cambridge in 1995 to take up a post as lecturer in Mec... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Currently, there are two main types of silencers in DNA, which are the classical silencer element and the non-classical negative regulatory element (NRE). In classical silencers, the gene is actively repressed by the silencer element, mostly by interfering with general transcription factor (GTF) assembly. NREs passivel... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Some of the best-known examples of quorum sensing come from studies of bacteria. Bacteria use quorum sensing to regulate certain phenotype expressions, which in turn, coordinate their behavio rs. Some common phenotypes include biofilm formation, virulence factor expression, and motility. Certain bacteria are able to us... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Niobium anodizes in a similar fashion to titanium with a range of attractive colors being formed by interference at different film thicknesses. Again the film thickness is dependent on the anodizing voltage. Uses include jewelry and commemorative coins. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Swedish Lancashire hearth consisted of a rectangular closed furnace with a chimney (8 metres high) at one end and a working arch in front of the hearth proper at the other. Pig iron was charged through a door at the foot of the chimney and stacked on an iron-clad bridge so that it could be heated by the waste gase... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sulfuric acid is the most widely used solution to produce an anodized coating. Coatings of moderate thickness 1.8 μm to 25 μm (0.00007" to 0.001") are known as Type II in North America, as named by MIL-A-8625, while coatings thicker than 25 μm (0.001") are known as Type III, hard-coat, hard anodizing, or engineered ano... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Small-scale cupellation is based on the same principle as the one done in a cupellation hearth; the main difference lies in the amount of material to be tested or obtained. The minerals have to be crushed, roasted and smelted to concentrate the metallic components to separate the noble metals. By the Renaissance the us... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In metallurgy, a flux () is a chemical cleaning agent, flowing agent, or purifying agent. Fluxes may have more than one function at a time. They are used in both extractive metallurgy and metal joining.
Some of the earliest known fluxes were sodium carbonate, potash, charcoal, coke, borax, lime, lead sulfide and certai... | 0 | Metallurgy |
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