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The three Laves phases are intermetallic compounds composed of CN12 and CN16 polyhedra with AB stoichiometry, commonly seen in binary metal systems like MgZn. Due to the small solubility of AB structures, Laves phases are almost line compounds, though sometimes they can have a wide homogeneity region. | 0 | Metallurgy |
As long ago as 1890, Hiorns observed as follows:
:"Noble Metals. Gold, Platinum, Silver, and a few rare metals. The members of this class have little or no tendency to unite with oxygen in the free state, and when placed in water at a red heat do not alter its composition. The oxides are readily decomposed by heat in ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The members of the LDLR family are characterized by distinct functional domains present in characteristic numbers. These modules are:
* LDL receptor type A (LA) repeats of 40 residues each, displaying a triple-disulfide-bond-stabilized negatively charged surface; certain head-to-tail combinations of these repeats are b... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The traditional technique of titanium production is via the Kroll process which involves chlorination of TiO ore in the presence of carbon and reacting the resulting TiCl with magnesium to produce titanium sponge. These processes take place at temperatures as high as 1040 °C. The sponge particle range in size from 45 t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Acids with a pH of less than 2 or alkalis with a pH above 12 are capable of causing the most extensive injuries in ingestions. Alkalis damage tissue by saponifying fats, leading to liquefaction necrosis which allows the alkalis to reach deeper tissues. Acids denature proteins via coagulation necrosis, this type of necr... | 0 | Metallurgy |
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 5 (CMTM5), previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 5 (i.e. CKLFSF5), designates any one of the six protein isoforms (termed CMTM5-v1 to CMTM5-v6) encoded by six different alternative splices of its gene, CMTM5; CMTM5-v1 is the most studied of these isoforms. ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
All-trans-retinal is also an essential component of microbial opsins such as bacteriorhodopsin, channelrhodopsin, and halorhodopsin, which are important in bacterial and archaeal anoxygenic photosynthesis. In these molecules, light causes the all-trans-retinal to become 13-cis retinal, which then cycles back to all-tr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Matte is a term used in the field of pyrometallurgy given to the molten metal sulfide phases typically formed during smelting of copper, nickel, and other base metals. Typically, a matte is the phase in which the principal metal being extracted is recovered prior to a final reduction process (usually converting) to pro... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A common quantity used to describe the collection efficiency of a froth flotation process is flotation recovery (). This quantity incorporates the probabilities of collision and attachment of particles to gas flotation bubbles.
where:
* , which is the product of the probability of the particle being collected () and th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
T-complex protein Ring Complex (TRiC), otherwise known as Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 (CCT), is a multiprotein complex and the chaperonin of eukaryotic cells. Like the bacterial GroEL, the TRiC complex aids in the folding of ~10% of the proteome, and actin and tubulin are some of its best known substrates. TRiC is an e... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The tetratricopeptide repeat domain provides the concave surface necessitated for SIP recognition. RopB-CTD houses 5 stacked TPR motifs, each having sets of paired antiparallel helices that aid in the formation of a concave inner pathway and a convex exterior. The base of the recognition site is constructed by α6 and α... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
STAT1 loss of function, therefore STAT1 deficiency can have many variants. There are two main genetic impairments that can cause response to interferons type I and III. First there can be autosomal recessive partial or even complete deficiency of STAT1. That causes intracellular bacterial diseases or viral infections a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The types of RNAs transcribed from RNA polymerase III include:
*Transfer RNAs
*5S ribosomal RNA
*U6 spliceosomal RNA
*RNase P and RNase MRP RNA
*7SL RNA (the RNA component of the signal recognition particle)
*Vault RNAs
*Y RNA
*SINEs (short interspersed repetitive elements)
*7SK RNA
*Several microRNAs
*Several small nu... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In addition to the specialisation factories have for the type of RNA polymerase they contain, there is a further level of specialisation present. There are some factories that only transcribe a certain set of related genes, this further strengthens the concept that the main function of a transcription factory is for tr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Sulfur has long been known to contribute to damage. This is true for many materials such as metal corrosion, or concrete degradation. In King Lear, Shakespeare says: | 0 | Metallurgy |
Throughout his life, Tom was a committed Christian and contributed to wider society, helping to form over thirty Young Men's Christian Associations across the North of England. He was also Captain of his local Fire Brigade. One of his lasting legacies is the Cleveland Institution of Engineers. The Institution is one... | 0 | Metallurgy |
While the exact epistasis of Imd pathway signalling components is continually scrutinized, the mechanistic order of many key components of the pathway is well-established. The following sections discuss Imd signalling as it is found in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is exceptionally well-characterized. Imd signallin... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This piece is the larger part of the fragment broken during Bahadur Shah's reign. Henry Cousens (1902–03) measured its length as . Klaus Roessler (1995) found it to be long. It has a square cross-section. Roessler estimated its weight at .
In 1598, the Mughal emperor Akbars visit to Dhar was recorded on the pillar in ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The crushed ore is irrigated with a dilute alkaline cyanide solution. The solution containing the dissolved precious metals in a pregnant solution continues percolating through the crushed ore until it reaches the liner at the bottom of the heap where it drains into a storage (pregnant solution) pond. After separating ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The alternative yeast nuclear code (translation table 12) is a genetic code found in certain yeasts. However, other yeast, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida azyma, Candida diversa, Candida magnoliae, Candida rugopelliculosa, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Zygoascus hellenicus, definitely use the standard (nuclear)... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Professor Harald Christian Pederson founded the A/S Ila and Lilleby smelteverk melting facilities in the 1920s. He worked with a chemical process which later has been called the Pederson-2 process. It consists of melting ironmalm which gives ferrosilicon as a by-product. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sustainable materials are key elements of green buildings. Some benefits of sustainable materials include durability, long life, recyclability, and energy and thermal efficiency. Copper ranks highly in all of these categories.
Copper is one of natures most efficient thermal and electrical conductors, which helps to con... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Translation promotes transcription elongation and regulates transcription termination. Functional coupling between transcription and translation is caused by direct physical interactions between the ribosome and RNA polymerase ("expressome complex"), ribosome-dependent changes to nascent mRNA secondary structure which ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Spliceosomal splicing and self-splicing involve a two-step biochemical process. Both steps involve transesterification reactions that occur between RNA nucleotides. tRNA splicing, however, is an exception and does not occur by transesterification.
Spliceosomal and self-splicing transesterification reactions occur via... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
CCL7 is a multipotent chemokine involved in anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal immune responses. For example, CCL7-mediated stimulation of CCR2 chemokine receptors on monocytes is participating in the elimination of Listeria monocytogenes infections by the recruitment of monocytes and TNF/iNOS-producing dendrit... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ultra-high-carbon steel has approximately 1.25–2.0% carbon content. Steels that can be tempered to great hardness. Used for special purposes such as (non-industrial-purpose) knives, axles, and punches. Most steels with more than 2.5% carbon content are made using powder metallurgy. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Calamine brass is brass produced by a particular alloying technique using the zinc ore calamine directly, rather than first refining it to metallic zinc. Direct zinc smelting appears to have been unknown in Europe until the mid-18th century, even though the alloyed calamine brass was in use for centuries, and metallic ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Characterization of microstructures has also been performed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques for many years. XRD can be used to determine the percentages of various phases present in a specimen if they have different crystal structures. For example, the amount of retained austenite in a hardened steel is best m... | 0 | Metallurgy |
It is not certain when the pillar was moved to Delhi from its original location. Alexander Cunningham attributed the relocation to the Tomara king Anangpal, based on the short pillar inscription ascribed to this king. Pasanaha Chariu, an 1132 CE Jain Apabhramsha text composed by Vibudh Shridhar, states that "the weight... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Unlike DNA editing, which is permanent, the effects of RNA editing − including potential off-target mutations in RNA − are transient and are not inherited. RNA editing is therefore considered to be less risky. Furthermore, it may only require a guide RNA by using the ADAR protein already found in humans and many other ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Concern about the copper supply is not new. In 1924 geologist and copper-mining expert Ira Joralemon warned:
:... the age of electricity and of copper will be short. At the intense rate of production that must come, the copper supply of the world will last hardly a score of years. ... Our civilization based on electr... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In metal base-pairing, the Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds are replaced by the interaction between a metal ion with nucleosides acting as ligands. The possible geometries of the metal that would allow for duplex formation with two bidentate nucleosides around a central metal atom are tetrahedral, dodecahedral, and square p... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
With the 2006 adoption of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) regulations in the European Union, California banning most uses of lead, and similar regulations elsewhere, the problem of tin pest has returned, since some manufacturers which previously used tin/lead alloys now use predominately tin-ba... | 0 | Metallurgy |
RNA interference (also called "RNA-mediated interference", abbreviated RNAi) is a mechanism for RNA-guided regulation of gene expression in which double-stranded ribonucleic acid inhibits the expression of genes with complementary nucleotide sequences. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
There was no fundamental change in the technology of iron production in Europe for many centuries. European metal workers continued to produce iron in bloomeries. However, the Medieval period brought two developments—the use of water power in the bloomery process in various places (outlined above), and the first Europ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result fro... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Physical metallurgy is one of the two main branches of the scientific approach to metallurgy, which considers in a systematic way the physical properties of metals and alloys. It is basically the fundamentals and applications of the theory of phase transformations in metal and alloys, as the title of classic, challeng... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Receptors on the opposite side of the synaptic gap bind neurotransmitter molecules. Receptors can respond in either of two general ways. First, the receptors may directly open ligand-gated ion channels in the postsynaptic cell membrane, causing ions to enter or exit the cell and changing the local transmembrane potenti... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Several X-ray crystallographic and electron cryomicroscopic (cryo-EM) structures of IPRs from mouse, rat, and human have defined the overall architecture of the channel. The 1.2 MDa C4-symmetric assembly consists of an ER-embedded transmembrane domain (TMD) in a domain-swapped 6 transmembrane (6TM) cation channel fol... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
For more details on this topic, see flow cytometry
Since the optical identity of each microsphere is known, the quantification of target samples hybridized to the microspheres can be achieved by comparing the relative intensity of target markers in one set of microspheres to target markers in another set of microsphere... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Antitermination is the prokaryotic cell's aid to fix premature termination of RNA synthesis during the transcription of RNA. It occurs when the RNA polymerase ignores the termination signal and continues elongating its transcript until a second signal is reached. Antitermination provides a mechanism whereby one or more... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The untranslated region is seen in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, although the length and composition may vary. In prokaryotes, the 5 UTR is typically between 3 and 10 nucleotides long. In eukaryotes, the 5 UTR can be hundreds to thousands of nucleotides long. This is consistent with the higher complexity of the genomes o... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Several techniques of re-utilising the spoil tips exist, usually including either geotechnics or recycling. Most commonly, old spoil tips are partially revegetated to provide valuable green spaces since they are inappropriate for building purposes. At Nœux-les-Mines, an artificial ski slope has been constructed on the ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The lac operon in the prokaryote E. coli consists of genes that produce enzymes to break down lactose. Its operon is an example of a prokaryotic silencer. The three functional genes in this operon are lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The repressor gene, lacI, will produce the repressor protein LacI which is under allosteric regul... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The RegCreative jamboree was stimulated by a community initiative to curate in perpetuity the genomic sequences which have been experimentally determined to control gene expression. This objective is of fundamental importance to evolutionary analysis and translational research as regulatory mechanisms are widely impli... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
During the thirteenth century, Mosul, Iraq became home to a school of luxury metalwork which rose to international renown. Artifacts classified as Mosul are some of the most intricately designed and revered pieces of the Middle Ages. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Loss of SFRP1 protein expression is associated with poor overall survival (OS) in patients with early breast cancer (pT1 tumours); this indicates that SFRP1 may be a putative tumor suppressor gene. SFRP1 methylation has been shown to be an independent risk factor for OS. Veeck and colleagues demonstrate, via Kaplan-Me... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The first signaling scaffold protein discovered was the Ste5 protein from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three distinct domains of Ste5 were shown to associate with the protein kinases Ste11, Ste7, and Fus3 to form a multikinase complex. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The exact purity of very fine precious metals such as platinum, gold and silver can be of great interest. Based on the system of millesimal fineness, a metal is said to be one nine or one nine fine if it is 900 fine, or 90% pure. A metal that is 990 fine is then described as two nines fine and one that is 999 fine is d... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Developmental processes provide an example of how changes in synexpression control networks could significantly affect an organism's capacity to evolve and adapt effectively. In animals, it is often beneficial for appendages to co-evolve, and it has been observed that fore-and hind-limbs share expression of Hox genes ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Cleavage stimulatory factor or cleavage stimulation factor (CstF or CStF) is a heterotrimeric protein, made up of the proteins CSTF1 (55kDa), CSTF2 (64kDa) and CSTF3 (77kDa), totalling about 200 kDa. It is involved in the cleavage of the 3 signaling region from a newly synthesized pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. Cst... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell received the 1994 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for the discovery of the G Protein System. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Transcription-translation coupling is a mechanism of gene expression regulation in which synthesis of an mRNA (transcription) is affected by its concurrent decoding (translation). In prokaryotes, mRNAs are translated while they are transcribed. This allows communication between RNA polymerase, the multisubunit enzyme t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Merv Oasis had been extensively explored in 1904 by an American team; however, the reports published were of a preliminary nature. During the period 1940–50, the Asian Republics started establishing archaeological institutions in their respective countries. Among them, the South Turkmenistan Complex Archaeological... | 0 | Metallurgy |
* Magnesium aluminide, MgAl
* Titanium aluminide, TiAl
* Iron aluminides, including FeAl and FeAl
* Nickel aluminide, NiAl
See category for a list. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Tailings are also called mine dumps, culm dumps, slimes, refuse, leach residue, slickens, or terra-cone (terrikon). | 0 | Metallurgy |
Like the other members in the CMTM protein family, CMTM6 has a structure that contains domains (i.e. parts) similar to those in chemokine proteins; tetraspanin proteins (also termed transmembrane-4 superfamily proteins); the myelin and lymphocyte protein (also termed MAR protein); proteins that direct membrane vesicle ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Since the introduction of pertussis vaccines in the 1940s and 1950s, different genetic changes have been described surrounding the pertussis toxin. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This phenomenon describes damage to the metal (nearly always iron or steel) at low temperature by diffusible hydrogen.
Hydrogen can embrittle a number of metals and steel is one of them. It tends to happen to harder and higher tensile steels. Hydrogen cam also embrittle aluminum at high temperatures.). Titanium metal a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
, there are two different theories on the information processing that occurs on enhancers:
* Enhanceosomes – rely on highly cooperative, coordinated action and can be disabled by single point mutations that move or remove the binding sites of individual proteins.
* Flexible billboards – less integrative, multiple prote... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are single-stranded DNA molecules with full complementarity to one select target mRNA and may act by blocking protein translation (via steric hindrance), causing mRNA degradation (via RNase H-cleavage) or changing pre-mRNA splicing. These short oligonucleotides have already been approv... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Nervana is an investigational V construct that knocks down the expression of protein kinase C gamma (PKCγ) known to be associated with neuropathic pain and morphine tolerance.
Two conserved PKCγ sequences across all key model species and humans have been identified, and both single and double DNA cassettes are designed... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Tank and vat leaching involves placing ore, usually after size reduction and classification, into large tanks or vats at ambient operating conditions containing a leaching solution and allowing the valuable material to leach from the ore into solution.
In tank leaching the ground, classified solids are already mixed wi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Metallurgists throughout medieval Europe were generally free to move within different regions. For instance, German metallurgists in search of rich precious metal ores took the lead in mining and influenced the course of metal production, not only in East and South Germany but also in almost all of Central Europe and t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In metazoans, in order to respond to environmental stress, differentiate properly, and progress normally through the cell cycle, a eukaryotic cell needs a specific and coordinated gene expression program, which involves the highly regulated transcription of thousands of genes. This gene regulation is in large part cont... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In 1681, Samuel Pepys (then serving as Admiralty Secretary) agreed to the removal of lead sheathing from English Royal Navy vessels to prevent the mysterious disintegration of their rudder-irons and bolt-heads, though he confessed himself baffled as to the reason the lead caused the corrosion.
The problem recurred when... | 0 | Metallurgy |
High-frequency vibrating screening equipment is a shaker whose frame is fixed and the drive vibrates only the screen cloth. High frequency vibration equipment is for particles that are in this particle size range of an 1/8 in (3 mm) down to a +150 mesh. Traditional shaker screeners have a difficult time making separat... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In cancers, loss of expression of genes occurs about 10 times more frequently by hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands than by mutations. For instance, in colon tumors compared to adjacent normal-appearing colonic mucosa, about 600 to 800 heavily methylated CpG islands occur in promoters of genes in the tumors whil... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In materials where the maximum applied-stress-intensity factor exceeds the stress-corrosion cracking-threshold value, stress corrosion adds to crack-growth velocity. This is shown in the schematic on the right. In a corrosive environment, the crack grows due to cyclic loading at a lower stress-intensity range; above th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
AREs are recognized by RNA binding proteins such as tristetraprolin (TTP), AUF1, and Hu Antigen R (HuR). Although the exact mechanism is not very well understood, recent publications have attempted to propose the action of some of these proteins. AUF1, also known as hnRNP D, binds AREs through RNA recognition motifs (R... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Expert Guide: Materialography/Metallography, QATM Academy, ATM Qness GmbH, 2022.
* Metallographic Preparation of Ceramic and Cermet Materials, [https://web.archive.org/web/20101007084342/http://leco.com/resources/met_tips/met_tip19.pdf Leco Met-Tips No. 19], 2008.
* Sample Preparation of Ceramic Material, [http://www... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Melt spinning is used to manufacture thin metal sheets or ribbons that are near amorphous or non-crystalline. The unique resulting electric and magnetic properties of melt-spun metals are a consequence of this structure as well as the composition of the alloy or metal that was used to form the ribbon. | 0 | Metallurgy |
In corrosion, spalling occurs when a substance (metal or concrete) sheds tiny particles of corrosion products as the corrosion reaction progresses. Although they are not soluble or permeable, these corrosion products do not adhere to the parent material's surface to form a barrier to further corrosion, as happens in pa... | 0 | Metallurgy |
*ACVR1 NM_001105 similar to ACVRL1 TGF Beta receptor family Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome
*ACVR1B NM_004302
*CD23 FCER2 low affinity IgE receptor (lectin) | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The theory that metallurgy was imported into Europe from the Near East has been practically ruled out. A second hypothesis, that there were two main points of origin of metallurgy in Europe, in southern Spain and in West Bulgaria, is also doubtful due to the existence of sites outside the centers of diffusion where met... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Smelting has serious effects on the environment, producing wastewater and slag and releasing such toxic metals as copper, silver, iron, cobalt, and selenium into the atmosphere. Smelters also release gaseous sulfur dioxide, contributing to acid rain, which acidifies soil and water.
The smelter in Flin Flon, Canada was ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a regulatory mechanism that forms multiple 3' end on mRNA.
APA isoforms from the same gene can encode different proteins and/or contain different 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Deregulation of APA has been associated with a number of human diseases. Since longer UTRs have more bind... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Most LOM observations are conducted using bright-field (BF) illumination, where the image of any flat feature perpendicular to the incident light path is bright, or appears to be white. But, other illumination methods can be used and, in some cases, may provide superior images with greater detail. Dark-field microscopy... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Disrupted functioning of cAMP has been noted as one of the mechanisms of several bacterial exotoxins.
They can be subgrouped into two distinct categories:
* Toxins that interfere with enzymes ADP-ribosyl-transferases, and
* invasive adenylate cyclases. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Attenuation was first observed by Charles Yanofsky in the trp operon of E. coli. The first observation was linked to two separate scientific facts. Mutations which knocked out the trp R (repressor) gene still showed some regulation of the trp operon (these mutants were not fully induced/repressed by tryptophan). The to... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Signal transduction mediated by the superfamily of GPCRs dates back to the origin of multicellularity. Mammalian-like GPCRs are found in fungi, and have been classified according to the GRAFS classification system based on GPCR fingerprints. Identification of the superfamily members across the eukaryotic domain, and co... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the Late Bronze Age, the site became an administrative center of a larger region in the kingdom of Isuwa. The city was heavily fortified, probably due to the Hittite threat from the west. It was culturally influenced by the Hurrians, Mitanni and the Hittites.
Around 1350 BC, Šuppiluliuma I of the Hittites conquered ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Phylogenetic footprinting is a technique that utilizes multiple sequence alignments to determine locations of conserved sequences such as regulatory elements. Along with multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic footprinting also requires statistical rates of conserved and non-conserved sequences. Using the informat... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
TaqMan probes consist of a fluorophore covalently attached to the 5’-end of the oligonucleotide probe and a quencher at the 3’-end. Several different fluorophores (e.g. 6-carboxyfluorescein, acronym: FAM, or tetrachlorofluorescein, acronym: TET) and quenchers (e.g. tetramethylrhodamine, acronym: TAMRA) are available. T... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In 1931, Peirce, still president of the Baltimore Copper Smelting & Rolling Co., as well as being President of the Peirce-Smith Converter Company and vice president of the American Smelting & Refining Company, is awarded of the James Douglas medal, for "his numerous improvements in devices for smelting, refining, and r... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Stirred tank, also called agitation leaching, involves contacting material, which has usually undergone size reduction and classification, with leach solution in agitated tanks. The agitation can enhance reaction kinetics by enhancing mass transfer. Tanks are often configured as reactors in series. | 0 | Metallurgy |
In chemistry, sparging, also known as gas flushing in metallurgy, is a technique in which a gas is bubbled through a liquid in order to remove other dissolved gas(es) and/or dissolved volatile liquid(s) from that liquid. It is a method of degassing. According to Henry's law, the concentration of each gas in a liquid is... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Electroslag remelting (ESR), also known as electro-flux remelting, is a process of remelting and refining steel and other alloys for mission-critical applications in aircraft, thermal power stations, nuclear power plants, military technology and others.
The electroslag remelting (ESR) process is used to remelt and refi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
There are three main G-protein-mediated signaling pathways, mediated by four sub-classes of G-proteins distinguished from each other by sequence homology (G, G, G, and G). Each sub-class of G-protein consists of multiple proteins, each the product of multiple genes or splice variations that may imbue them with differen... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Plants contain CaM-related proteins (CMLs) apart from the typical CaM proteins. The CMLs have about 15% amino acid similarity with the typical CaMs. Arabidopsis thaliana contains about 50 different CML genes which leads to the question of what purpose these diverse ranges of proteins serve in the cellular function. All... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Gene regulation by miRNA is widespread across many genomes – by some estimates more than 60% of human protein-coding genes are likely to be regulated by miRNA, though the quality of experimental evidence for miRNA-target interactions is often weak. Because processing by microprocessor is a major determinant of miRNA ab... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In chemistry, the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction (x) or the mass fraction (w) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram. It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Imd pathway appears to have evolved in the last common ancestor of centipedes and insects. However certain lineages of insects have since lost core components of Imd signalling. The first-discovered and most famous example is the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. It is thought that plant-feeding aphids have lost Imd s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Signal peptides are usually located at the N-terminus of proteins. Some have C-terminal or internal signal peptides (examples: peroxisomal targeting signal and nuclear localisation signal). The structure of these nonclassical signal peptides differs vastly from the N-terminal signal peptides. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Modern puddling was one of several processes developed in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain for producing bar iron from pig iron without the use of charcoal. It gradually replaced the earlier charcoal-fueled process, conducted in a finery forge. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Huntingtons disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder, with symptoms emerging during an individuals mid-adulthood. The most noticeable symptoms of this progressive disease are cognitive and motor impairments, as well as behavioral alterations. These impairments can develop into dementia, chorea, and even... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
c-Src is a gene that codes for proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, a protein important for normal mitotic cycling. It is phosphorylated and dephosphorylated to turn signaling on and off. Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src must be localized to the plasma membrane in order to phosphorylate other downstrea... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Initially, copper is oxidized to the cuprous ion:
(1) Cu → Cu + e
The cuprous ion reacts with the chloride ion to form the insoluble white colored salt cuprous chloride:
(2) Cu + Cl → CuCl
The cuprous chloride reacts with atmospheric moisture and oxygen to form a green cupric chloride/cupric hydroxide compound and hydr... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Due to the potential for wear protection at high temperatures beyond which conventional lubricants can be used, possible uses have been speculated in applications such as car engines, power generation and even aerospace, where there is an increasing demand for ever higher efficiency and thus operating temperature. | 0 | Metallurgy |
CKIα or CKIδ is essential in modulating the nuclear export of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6), a protein with essential nuclear and cytoplasmic roles in biogenesis of the 60S subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome. Phosphorylation of Ser-174 and Ser-175 by CKI promotes nuclear export of eIF6 while dephosp... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
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