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Metal-induced embrittlement (MIE) is the embrittlement caused by diffusion of metal, either solid or liquid, into the base material. Metal induced embrittlement occurs when metals are in contact with low-melting point metals while under tensile stress. The embrittler can be either solid (SMIE) or liquid (liquid metal e... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The iron pillar of Dhar was originally longer than the iron pillar of Delhi. After the Muslim conquest of Dhar, it broke into at least two pieces. The smaller piece was planted at the Dilawar Khan's Mosque in Mandu. The larger piece was erected in front of the Lat Masjid constructed by Dilawar Khan in 1405.
In 1531 CE,... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The bacterial RNA polymerase, a leading enzyme involved in formation of a transcription bubble, uses DNA template to guide RNA synthesis. It is present in two main forms: as a core enzyme, when it is inactive, and as a holoenzyme, when it is activated. A sigma (σ) factor is a subunit that assists the process of transcr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences in order to regulate the expression of a given gene. There are approximately 1,400 transcription factors in the human genome and they constitute about 6% of all human protein coding genes. The power of transcription factors resides in their ability... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
*Pleiner, R. (2000) Iron in Archaeology. The European Bloomery Smelters, Praha, Archeologický Ústav Av Cr.
*Veldhuijzen, H.A. (2005) Technical Ceramics in Early Iron Smelting. The Role of Ceramics in the Early First Millennium Bc Iron Production at Tell Hammeh (Az-Zarqa), Jordan. In: Prudêncio, I.Dias, I. and Waerenbo... | 0 | Metallurgy |
There are also several pyrometallurgical processes that reduce zinc oxide using carbon, then distil the metallic zinc from the resulting mix in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide. The major downfall of any of the pyrometallurgical process is that it is only 98% pure; a standard composition is 1.3% lead, 0.2% cadmium, 0.0... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Metal sulfides (e.g., pyrite FeS, arsenopyrite FeAsS, chalcopyrite CuFeS) are normally processed by chemical oxidation either in aqueous media or at high temperatures. In fact, most base metals, e.g., aluminium, chromium, must be (electro)chemically reduced at high temperatures by which the process entails a high energ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The function of this intron in the vectors is unknown, but it is theorized that it might be involved in splicing or translation efficiency.
Vectors such as pME18s contain it. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A thermocouple can produce current to drive some processes directly, without the need for extra circuitry and power sources. For example, the power from a thermocouple can activate a valve when a temperature difference arises. The electrical energy generated by a thermocouple is converted from the heat which must be su... | 0 | Metallurgy |
* NSCLC (48% of investigated cell lines)
* SCLC (38% of investigated cell lines)
* Bladder cancers (38%)
* Breast cancers (46%)
* Malignant mesotheliomas (48%)
* Colorectal cancers (76%) | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
As with all gene therapies, a number of safety and toxicity issues need to be evaluated during the development of DDRNAI therapeutics.
Oncogene activation by viral insertion: Some gene therapy vectors integrate into the host genome, thereby acting as insertional mutagens. This was a particular issue with early retrovir... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The gal operon is a prokaryotic operon, which encodes enzymes necessary for galactose metabolism. Repression of gene expression for this operon works via binding of repressor molecules to two operators. These repressors dimerize, creating a loop in the DNA. The loop as well as hindrance from the external operator preve... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Austenite is only stable above in bulk metal form. However, fcc transition metals can be grown on a face-centered cubic (fcc) or diamond cubic. The epitaxial growth of austenite on the diamond (100) face is feasible because of the close lattice match and the symmetry of the diamond (100) face is fcc. More than a monol... | 0 | Metallurgy |
One way to identify the expression pattern of a particular gene is to place a reporter gene downstream of its promoter. In this configuration, the promoter gene will cause the reporter gene to be expressed only where and when the gene of interest is expressed. The expression distribution of the reporter gene can be det... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The first known smelting of iron began in Anatolia, around 1800 BC. Called the bloomery process, it produced very soft but ductile wrought iron. By 800 BC, iron-making technology had spread to Europe, arriving in Japan around 700 AD. Pig iron, a very hard but brittle alloy of iron and carbon, was being produced in Chin... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Promoters can be very closely located in the DNA. Such "closely spaced promoters" have been observed in the DNAs of all life forms, from humans to prokaryotes and are highly conserved. Therefore, they may provide some (presently unknown) advantages.
These pairs of promoters can be positioned in divergent, tandem, and c... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The electrical conduction system of the heart has been robustly established. However, newer research has been challenging some of the previously accepted models. The role of ephaptic coupling in cardiac cells is becoming more apparent. One author even goes so far as to say, “While previously viewed as a possible altern... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Seizures are characterized by high levels of synchronized neuronal activity. One important regulator of neuronal activity is the hyperpolarizing A-type current mediated by potassium channel KV4.2. miR-324-5p downregulates KV4.2, exacerbating conditions that lead to seizure onset, and downregulation of miR-324-5p in mou... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (i.e. CMTM6), previously termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 6 (i.e. CKLFSF6), is a transmembrane protein encoded in humans by the CMTM6 gene (also termed the CKLFSF6, PRO2219, ayoube, or gourari gene). This gene is located in band 22.3 on the short (or "p") arm o... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Generally, in progression to cancer, hundreds of genes are silenced or activated. Although silencing of some genes in cancers occurs by mutation, a large proportion of carcinogenic gene silencing is a result of altered DNA methylation (see DNA methylation in cancer). DNA methylation causing silencing in cancer typica... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In order to isolate noble-metalliferous materials, pyrolysis and/or hydrolysis procedures are used. In pyrolysis, the noble-metalliferous products are released from the other materials by solidifying in a melt to become cinder and then poured off or oxidized. In hydrolysis, the noble-metalliferous products are dissolve... | 0 | Metallurgy |
There's evidence of very early metallurgy at Aratashen, going back to the first half of the sixth millennium BCE. According to A. Courcier,
At Aratashen and Khatunakh/Aknashen, there are similarities to the contemporary sites of Kultepe I, and Alikemek-Tepesi. Another prehistoric site that is close to Aratashen is Masi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
It has been observed that the development of hormone resistance in prostate cancer may be due to the upregulation of antiapoptotic genes, one of which is survivin.
Zhang et al. hypothesize that, if survivin is a significant contributor to the development of hormonal therapy resistance in prostate cancer cells, targetin... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
At lower temperatures, about 400–450 °C, an interdiffusion process takes place at the junction, leading to formation of layers of different gold-aluminum intermetallic compounds with different growth rates. Gaps are formed as the denser and faster-growing layers consume the slower-growing layers. This process is known ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Cooling curves are important in controlling the quality of a casting. The most important part of the cooling curve is the cooling rate which affects the microstructure and properties. Generally speaking, an area of the casting which is cooled quickly will have a fine grain structure and an area which cools slowly will ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Strong evidence of metallurgical activities has been revealed in levels 9 to 6, dating to the Ubaid period, and especially in level 7 (4166 +/- 170 cal BC). Hearths or natural draft furnaces, slag, ore, and pigment had been recovered throughout the site. This was in the context of architectural complexes typical of sou... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Goldsmiths' Professorship of Materials Science is a professorship in the University of Cambridge, associated with the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy.
The professorship was established by grace of 20 November 1931 as the Goldsmiths Professorship of Metallurgy to replace the Goldsmiths Readership in M... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Phytostabilisation is a form of phytoremediation that uses hyperaccumulator plants for long-term stabilisation and containment of tailings, by sequestering pollutants in soil near the roots. The plants presence can reduce wind erosion, or the plants roots can prevent water erosion, immobilise metals by adsorption or ac... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The importance of these untranslated regions of mRNA is just beginning to be understood. Various medical studies are being conducted that have found connections between mutations in untranslated regions and increased risk for developing a particular disease, such as cancer. For example, associations between polymorphis... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The cAMP signal transduction contains five main characters: stimulative hormone receptor (Rs) or inhibitory hormone receptor (Ri); stimulative regulative G-protein (Gs) or inhibitory regulative G-protein (Gi); adenylyl cyclase; protein kinase A (PKA); and cAMP phosphodiesterase.
Stimulative hormone receptor (Rs) is a r... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Sono-Seq (Sonication of Cross-linked Chromatin Sequencing) is a method in molecular biology used for determining the sequences of those DNA regions in the genome near regions of open chromatin of expressed genes. It is also known as "Input" in the Chip-Seq protocol, since it follows the same steps except it doesn't req... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Wagner's gene network model is a computational model of artificial gene networks, which explicitly modeled the developmental and evolutionary process of genetic regulatory networks. A population with multiple organisms can be created and evolved from generation to generation. It was first developed by Andreas Wagner in... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the early years of serious research into the locations of stations on the Antonine Itineraries, the location of Ariconium was in doubt, and William Camden (1551–1623) suggested Magnis, the site of modern Kenchester, some northwest of modern Hereford. Later analysis of the Antonine Itineraries, notably by John... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Mechanical screening, often just called screening, is the practice of taking granulated or crushed ore material and separating it into multiple grades by particle size.
This practice occurs in a variety of industries such as mining and mineral processing, agriculture, pharmaceutical, food, plastics, and recycling.
A me... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Under anoxic conditions, the mechanism for corrosion requires a substitute for oxygen as the oxidizing agent in the redox reaction. For abiotic anaerobic corrosion, that substitute is the hydrogen ion produced in the dissociation of water and the proceeding reduction of the hydrogen ions into diatomic hydrogen gas. The... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Copper is the eighth most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, is available all over the world, and is one of the few that can appear in a pure state. It is not complicated to work with, and a bare hammering can be enough to transform a nugget into a bead. The eye-catching look of native copper makes it easy to recogni... | 0 | Metallurgy |
β-Fe and the A critical temperature are important in induction heating of steel, such as for surface-hardening heat treatments. Steel is typically austenitized at 900–1000 °C before it is quenched and tempered. The high-frequency alternating magnetic field of induction heating heats the steel by two mechanisms below th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The greatest danger of tailings ponds is dam failure, with the most publicized failure in the U.S. being the failure of a coal slurry dam in the West Virginia Buffalo Creek Flood of 1972, which killed 125 people; other collapses include the Ok Tedi environmental disaster in New Guinea, which destroyed the fishery of th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As promoters are typically immediately adjacent to the gene in question, positions in the promoter are designated relative to the transcriptional start site, where transcription of DNA begins for a particular gene (i.e., positions upstream are negative numbers counting back from -1, for example -100 is a position 100 b... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The invasion and settlement of the Weald by Saxons seems to have brought a complete end to the Romano-British iron industry. No evidence of iron smelting has been found after the end of Roman rule until the ninth century when a primitive bloomery was built at Millbrook on Ashdown Forest, with a small hearth for reheati... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sometime in the medieval period, water power was applied to the bloomery process. It is possible that this was at the Cistercian Abbey of Clairvaux as early as 1135, but it was certainly in use in early 13th century France and Sweden. In England, the first clear documentary evidence for this is the accounts of a forge... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The relevance of observations from fission yeast mating-type regions and centromeres to mammals is not clear, as some evidence suggests that heterochromatin maintenance in mammalian cells is independent of the components of the RNAi pathway. It is known, however, that plants and animals have analogous mechanism for sma... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Austempering is a hardening process that is used on iron-based metals to promote better mechanical properties. The metal is heated into the austenite region of the iron-cementite phase diagram and then quenched in a salt bath or other heat extraction medium that is between temperatures of . The metal is annealed in thi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Polymers come in a wide variety of compositions, and this diversity of chemistry results in wide-ranging embrittlement mechanisms. The most common sources of polymer embrittlement include oxygen in the air, water in liquid or vapor form, ultraviolet radiation from the sun, acids, and organic solvents.
One of the ways t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Four key assumptions in Scheil analysis enable determination of phases present in a cast part. These assumptions are:
# No diffusion occurs in solid phases once they are formed ()
# Infinitely fast diffusion occurs in the liquid at all temperatures by virtue of a high diffusion coefficient, thermal convection, Marango... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Melted fusible alloys can be used as coolants as they are stable under heating and can give much higher thermal conductivity than most other coolants; particularly with alloys made with a high thermal conductivity metal such as indium or sodium. Metals with low neutron cross-section are used for cooling nuclear reactor... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Viruses (i.e., measles, mumps, or parainfluenza), especially viruses that have an RNA genome, have been shown to have evolved to utilize RNA modifications in many ways when taking over the host cell. Viruses are known to utilize the RNA modifications in different parts of their infection cycle from immune evasion to pr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Phosphatases act in opposition to kinases/phosphorylases, which add phosphate groups to proteins. The addition of a phosphate group may activate or de-activate an enzyme (e.g., kinase signalling pathways) or enable a protein-protein interaction to occur (e.g., SH2 domains ); therefore phosphatases are integral to many ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Producing sponge iron and then working it was the earliest method used to obtain iron in the Middle East, Egypt, and Europe, where it remained in use until at least the 16th century.
The advantage of the bloomery technique is that iron can be obtained at a lower furnace temperature, only about 1,100 °C or so. The disad... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a deleterious chemical reaction between the alkali ( and ), dissolved in concrete pore water as NaOH and KOH, with reactive amorphous (non-crystalline) siliceous aggregates in the presence of moisture. The simplest way to write the reaction in a stylized manner is the following (othe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), also known as K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B), is a human gene and transcriptional coactivator associated with p53. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Meteorin-like/Meteorin-Beta (Metrnl)/IL-41, also known as subfatin and cometin, is a small (~27kDa) secreted cytokine, protein encoded by a gene called meteorin-like (METRNL). METRNL is highly expressed in mucosal tissues, skin and activated macrophages.
Metrnl has also been described to be a hormone
A screen of human ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A cover meter is an instrument to locate rebars and measure the exact concrete cover. Rebar detectors are less sophisticated devices that can only locate metallic objects below the surface. Due to the cost-effective design, the pulse-induction method is one of the most commonly used solutions. | 0 | Metallurgy |
A receptor modulator, or receptor ligand, is a general term for a substance, endogenous or exogenous, that binds to and regulates the activity of chemical receptors. They are ligands that can act on different parts of receptors and regulate activity in a positive, negative, or neutral direction with varying degrees of ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The HiFIT hammer operates with a hardened pin with a ball resting on the workpiece with a diameter D of 3 mm.
This pin is hammered with an adjustable intensity at around 180–300 Hz at the weld toe. Local mechanical deformations occur in the form of a treatment track. The weld toe is deformed plastically. The induced co... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As with conventional manufactured drugs, the main challenge in developing successful offshoots of the RNAi-based drugs is the precise delivery of the RNAi triggers to where they are needed in the body. The reason that the ocular macular degeneration antidote was successful sooner than the antidote with other diseases i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A quench press is a machine that uses concentrated forces to hold an object as it is quenched. These types of quench facilities are used to quench large gears and other circular parts so that they remain circular. They are also used to quench saw blades and other flat or plate-shaped objects so that they remain flat.
Q... | 0 | Metallurgy |
There have been a variety of long-overlap-based assembly methods developed in recent years. One of the most commonly used methods, the Gibson assembly method, was developed in 2009, and provides a one-pot DNA assembly method that does not require the use of restriction enzymes or integrases. Other similar overlap-based... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Gold occurs principally as a native metal, i.e., gold itself. Sometimes it is alloyed to a greater or lesser extent with silver, which is called electrum. Native gold can occur as sizeable nuggets, as fine grains or flakes in alluvial deposits, or as grains or microscopic particles (known as colour) embedded in rock mi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Risers, also known as feeders, are the most common way of providing directional solidification. It supplies liquid metal to the solidifying casting to compensate for solidification shrinkage. For a riser to work properly the riser must solidify after the casting, otherwise it cannot supply liquid metal to shrinkage wit... | 0 | Metallurgy |
All seven STAT proteins share a common structural motif consisting of an N-terminal domain followed by a coiled-coil, DNA-binding domain, linker, Src homology 2 (SH2), and a C-terminal transactivation domain. Much research has focused on elucidating the roles each of these domains play in regulating different STAT isof... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
It has been proposed that mutations in gatekeeper genes could, to an extent, offer a sort of selective advantage to the individual in which the change occurs. This is because cells with these mutations are able to replicate at a faster rate than nearby cells. This is known as "increased somatic fitness". Caretaker g... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
An amorphous metal (also known as metallic glass, glassy metal, or shiny metal) is a solid metallic material, usually an alloy, with disordered atomic-scale structure. Most metals are crystalline in their solid state, which means they have a highly ordered arrangement of atoms. Amorphous metals are non-crystalline, and... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Most presynaptic terminals release small numbers of neurotransmitter containing vesicles even when action potentials are not present. This is stochastic and the probability of release (Pr) can be modified by numerous factors including the presence and speed of an action potential. These vesicles are released at synapti... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS1 gene. SOCS1 orthologs have been identified in several mammals for which complete genome data are available. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
By 1900 the US was the largest producer and also the lowest cost producer, and demand for steel seemed inexhaustible. Output had tripled since 1890, but customers, not producers, mostly benefitted. Productivity-enhancing technology encouraged faster and faster rates of investment in new plants. However, during recessio... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Silent antagonists are competitive receptor antagonists that have zero intrinsic activity for activating a receptor. They are true antagonists, so to speak. The term was created to distinguish fully inactive antagonists from weak partial agonists or inverse agonists. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Jameson Cell reportedly has the following advantages:
* relatively low energy use – the only energy that is required to operate the Cell is to pump the slurry through the slurry lens. This means that it requires significantly less electricity than conventional mechanical or column flotation cells. In addition, the ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
German scientists at Saarland University have produced a prototype machine that transfers heat using a nickel-titanium ("nitinol") alloy wire wrapped around a rotating cylinder. As the cylinder rotates, heat is absorbed on one side and released on the other, as the wire changes from its "superelastic" state to its unl... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Receptor uncoupling/phosphorylation is the most rapid form of desensitization that happens within a cell, as its effects are seen within seconds to minutes of agonist application. The ß adrenergic receptor was the first to have its desensitization studied and characterized. The mechanism of desensitization involves the... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Liquation requires that the silver-rich copper first be melted with approximately three times its weight in lead; as silver has a greater affinity with lead, most of the silver would end up within this rather than the copper. If the copper is assayed and found to contain too little silver for liquation to be financiall... | 0 | Metallurgy |
An inhibitor is usually a material added in a small quantity to a particular environment that reduces the rate of corrosion. They may be classified a number of ways but are usually 1) Oxidizing; 2) Scavenging; 3) Vapor-phase inhibitors; Sometimes they are called Volatile corrosion inhibitor 4) Adsorption inhibitors; 5)... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Flux is a reducing agent designed to help reduce (return oxidized metals to their metallic state) metal oxides at the points of contact to improve the electrical connection and mechanical strength. The two principal types of flux are acid flux (sometimes called "active flux"), containing strong acids, used for metal me... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Chalconatronite is a carbonate mineral and rare secondary copper mineral that contains copper, sodium, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, its chemical formula is NaCu(CO)•3(HO). Chalconatronite is partially soluble in water, and only decomposes, although chalconatronite is soluble while cold, in dilute acids. The name comes... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Members of the HNF1 subfamily contain a POU-homeodomain and bind to DNA as homodimers.
* HNF1α/TCF1/MODY3 (related disease: MODY 3)
* HNF1β/TCF2/MODY5 (related disease: MODY 5) | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In 1942, the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago was building the worlds first nuclear reactor called Chicago Pile-1' as part of the Manhattan Project. This would have required an enormous number of graphite blocks and uranium pellets. At the time, there was a limited source of pure uranium. Frank Spe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
CORROSION es una banda de Thrash metal Paraguaya ceada en 1992 en Asunción
con partes de los integrantes de la Banda de Thrash Rawhide.Tiene como influencias a las tipicas bandas de metal como Slayer,Mettalica,Dorsal Atlantica,etc
La banda Se creo en 1992 con las cenizas de Rawhide,Lanzaron un Demo + Bonus tracks Y un... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Gold–aluminium intermetallic is a type of intermetallic compound of gold and aluminium which usually forms at contacts between the two metals. Gold–aluminium intermetallic have different properties from the individual metals, such as low conductivity and high melting point depending on their composition. Furthermore, D... | 0 | Metallurgy |
RNAa has been used to study gene function in lieu of vector-based gene overexpression. Studies have demonstrated RNAa in vivo and its potential therapeutic applications in treating cancer and non-cancerous diseases.
In June 2016, UK-based MiNA Therapeutics announced the initiation of a phase I trial of the first-ever s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* SOX gene family
** Sex-Determining Region Y Protein
** SOX1, SOX2, etc.
* TCF/LEF family (T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family)
** LEF1 (Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1)
** TCF7 (TCF-1)
** TCF7L1 (TCF-3)
** TCF7L2 (TCF-4) | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
NANOG is a transcription factor in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and is thought to be a key factor in maintaining pluripotency. NANOG is thought to function in concert with other factors such as POU5F1 (Oct-4) and SOX2 to establish ESC identity. These cells offer an important area of study because of their ability to mai... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Corepressor proteins also bind to the surface of the ligand binding domain of nuclear receptors, but through a LXXXIXXX(I/L) motif of amino acids (where L = leucine, I = isoleucine and X = any amino acid). In addition, compressors bind preferentially to the apo (ligand free) form of the nuclear receptor (or possibly a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In genetics, a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription. This sequence mediates transcriptional termination by providing signals in the newly synthesized transcript RNA that trigger processes which release the transcript R... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the negative feedback loops, CK1ε periodically binds to and phosphorylates the PER proteins (PER1, PER2, and PER3), which form heterodimers with each other and interact with CRY1 and CRY2. The effects of phosphorylation are two-fold. It has been shown in Drosophila that phosphorylation of the PER proteins increase t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The noncanonical Wnt pathways provide a signal transduction pathway for Wnt that does not involve β-catenin. In the noncanonical pathways, Wnt affects the actin and microtubular cytoskeleton as well as gene transcription. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The first use of the term ‘transcription factory’ was used in 1993 by [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC413307/Jackson] and his colleagues who noticed that transcription occurred at discrete sites in the nucleus. This contradicted the original view that transcription occurred at an even distribution through... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The discovery of dephosphorylation came from a series of experiments examining the enzyme phosphorylase isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. In 1955, Edwin Krebs and Edmond Fischer used radiolabeled ATP to determine that phosphate is added to the serine residue of phosphorylase to convert it from its b to a form via p... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
From 1992 to 1993, Marrow was appointed as postdoctoral research associate in the Department of Materials, University of Oxford, and a junior research fellow at Linacre College, Oxford, but moved with an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) postdoctoral research fellowship to the School of Metallu... | 0 | Metallurgy |
With the invention of hollow casting bronze became the most important medium of monumental sculpture, largely because of its strength and lightness, which admitted poses that would not be possible in stone. But the value of the metal in later ages has involved the destruction of nearly all such statues. The few complet... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Abraham Darby II, son of the blast furnace innovator, managed to convert pig iron to bar iron in 1749, but no details are known of his process. The Cranage brothers, also working alongside the River Severn, allegedly achieved this experimentally by using a coal-fired reverbatory furnace, in which the iron and the sulph... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In biochemical signaling, diacylglycerol functions as a second messenger signaling lipid, and is a product of the hydrolysis of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP) by the enzyme phospholipase C (PLC) (a membrane-bound enzyme) that, through the same reaction, produces inositol trisphosphate (IP)... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Paired receptors transduce extracellular signals through opposing intracellular signaling pathways. Canonically, inhibitory receptors recruit phosphatases through their ITIM motifs, inhibiting the function of cells in which they are expressed. By contrast, activating receptors interact with adaptor proteins such as DAP... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Preventative measures have been recommended that are intended to decrease the risk of accidental ingestion of caustic substances including:
* Keeping caustic substances in locked cabinets or on upper shelves
* Not storing chemical substances in food or drink containers
* Not keeping large amounts of detergent in the ho... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In some cases the presence of flux is undesirable; flux traces interfere with e.g. precision optics or MEMS assemblies. Flux residues also tend to outgas in vacuum and space applications, and traces of water, ions and organic compounds may adversely affect long-term reliability of non-hermetic packages. Trapped flux re... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The amount of transcription factories found per nucleus appears to be determined by cell type, species and the type of measurement. Cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts have been found to have roughly 1500 factories through immunofluorescence detection of RNAP II however cells taken from different tissues of the same m... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Anodizing will raise the surface since the oxide created occupies more space than the base metal converted. This will generally not be of consequence except where there are tight tolerances. If so, the thickness of the anodizing layer has to be taken into account when choosing the machining dimension. A general practic... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Research on thyroid cancer has elucidated the theory that paracrine signaling may aid in creating tumor microenvironments. Chemokine transcription is upregulated when Ras is in the GTP-bound state. The chemokines are then released from the cell, free to bind to another nearby cell. Paracrine signaling between neighb... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Viral RdRps were discovered in the early 1960s from studies on mengovirus and polio virus when it was observed that these viruses were not sensitive to actinomycin D, a drug that inhibits cellular DNA-directed RNA synthesis. This lack of sensitivity suggested that there is a virus-specific enzyme that could copy RNA fr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The raw material was bar iron, or (from the introduction of mild steel in the late 19th century), a bar of steel. This was drawn into a flat bar (known as a tin bar) at the ironworks or steel works where it was made. The cross-section of the bar needed to be accurate in size as this would be the cross-section of the ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Microstructure generation is also known as stochastic microstructure reconstruction.
Computer-simulated microstructures are generated to replicate the microstructural features of actual microstructures. Such microstructures are referred to as synthetic microstructures. Synthetic microstructures are used to investigate ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
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