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To a solution of 1,3-dihydro-1,3-bis(chloromethyl)benzo[c] thiophene 2,2-dioxide (0.584 g, 2.2 mmol) in 50 ml of dry benzene was added 0.80 mL (2.8 mmol) of a 70% benzene solution of NaAlH(OCHCHOCH) via syringe, and the solution was refluxed for 12 hours. The mixture was cooled to 0° and decomposed with 20% sulfuric ac... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
A number of salts containing the tetrachlorozincate anion, , are known. "Caulton's reagent", , which is used in organic chemistry, is an example of a salt containing . The compound contains tetrahedral and Chloride| anions, so, the compound is not caesium pentachlorozincate, but caesium tetrachlorozincate chloride. N... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
With increasing temperature, the reaction rate increases, but hydrogen production becomes less favorable thermodynamically since the water gas shift reaction is moderately exothermic; this shift in chemical equilibrium can be explained according to Le Chatelier's principle. Over the temperature range of 600–2000 K, the... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Removal of a halogen atom from an organohalide generates a radical. Such reactions are difficult to achieve and, when they can be achieved, these processes often lead to complicated mixtures. When a pair of halides are mutually adjacent (vicinal), their removal is favored. Such reactions give alkenes in the case of v... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Many decarboxylative cross coupling reactions involve the breaking of C–COOH bonds, therefore subsequent studies have attempted to enable cross coupling with </sub>C carboxylic acids. One such reaction by Shang et al. described a palladium catalyzed cross coupling that enables the formation of functionalized pyridines,... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Four crystalline forms (polymorphs) of are known: α, β, γ, and δ. Each case features tetrahedral centers.
Here a, b, and c are lattice constants, Z is the number of structure units per unit cell, and ρ is the density calculated from the structure parameters.
The orthorhombic form (δ) rapidly changes to one of the oth... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Boric acid, more specifically orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula . It may also be called hydrogen orthoborate, trihydroxidoboron or boracic acid. It is usually encountered as colorless crystals or a white powder, that dissolves in water, and occurs in nature as the mineral sassol... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
While water acts as a catalyst in the reaction, other catalysts can be added to the reaction vessel to optimize the conversion. Previously used catalysts include water-soluble inorganic compounds and salts, including KOH and NaCO, as well as transition metal catalysts using nickel, palladium, platinum and ruthenium sup... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The reaction substrate has also been extended to allenes. In this specific ring expansion the AAA reaction is also accompanied by a Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement: | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Chloropentammineplatinum chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is the chloride salt of the coordination complex . It is a white, water soluble solid.
The compound is prepared by treating potassium hexachloroplatinate with aqueous ammonia: | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Halides are X-type ligands in coordination chemistry. They are both σ- and π-donors. Chloride is commonly found as both a terminal ligand and a bridging ligand. The halide ligands are weak field ligands. Due to a smaller crystal field splitting energy, the homoleptic halide complexes of the first transition series are ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Zinc chloride is the name of inorganic chemical compounds with the formula ZnCl·nHO, with x ranging from 0 to 4.5, forming hydrates. Zinc chloride, anhydrous and its hydrates are colorless or white crystalline solids, and are highly soluble in water. Five hydrates of zinc chloride are known, as well as four forms of a... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The bromodomain is a motif that is responsible for acetylated lysine recognition on histones by nucleosome remodelling proteins. Posttranslational modifications of N- and C-terminal histone tails attracts various transcription initiation factors that contain bromodomains, including human transcriptional coactivator PCA... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In aqueous solution, boric acid can act as a weak Brønsted acid, that is, a proton donor, with pK ~ 9. However, it more often acts as a Lewis acid, accepting an electron pair from a hydroxyl ion produced by the water autoprotolysis:
: + 2 + (pK = 8.98)
This reaction is very fast, with characteristic time less tha... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Neutral alanes are not nucleophilic enough to deliver organic groups to electrophilic substrates. However, upon activation by a nucleophile, the resulting aluminates are highly nucleophilic and add to electrophiles with retention of configuration at the migration carbon. Thus, stereospecific hydroalumination followed b... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Nucleophilic alkylating agents deliver the equivalent of an alkyl anion (carbanion). The formal "alkyl anion" attacks an electrophile, forming a new covalent bond between the alkyl group and the electrophile. The counterion, which is a cation such as lithium, can be removed and washed away in the work-up. Examples incl... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Reihlen and Flohr demonstrated that Wolffram’s salt could be prepared directly by mixing aqueous solutions of the colorless [[Pt(etn)4Cl2|[Pt(etn)]Cl]] and its yellow analogue, [Pt(etn)Cl]Cl, where etn = NHCHCH, leading to the most probable conclusion of the double salt formula, [Pt(CHNH)Cl] [Pt(CHNH)]Cl·4HO, compared ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Baeyer–Drewsen indigo synthesis (1882) is an organic reaction in which indigo is prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone The reaction was developed by von Baeyer in 1880 to produce the first synthetic indigo at laboratory scale. This procedure is not used at industrial scale.
The reaction is clas... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Examples of hydrated minerals include:
* silicates (, )
** phyllosilicates, clay minerals "commonly found on Earth as weathering products of rocks or in hydrothermal systems"
***chlorite
*** muscovite
* non-silicates
** oxides (, , , etc.) and oxy-hydroxides
*** brucite,
*** goethite, FeO(OH)
** carbonates (, etc.)
*... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Carboxylic acids, amides, esters, and carboxylate salts convert to the trifluoromethyl derivatives, although conditions vary widely:
For carboxlic acids, the first step gives the acyl fluorides, in keeping with the tendency of SF to fluorinate acidic hydroxyl groups:
Similarly SF converts sulfonic acids to sulfonyl flu... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
It adopts "antifluorite structure," which means that the small K ions occupy the tetrahedral (F) sites in fluorite, and the larger S centers occupy the eight-coordinate sites. LiS, NaS, and RbS crystallize similarly. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Many alkyl amines are produced industrially by the amination of alcohols using ammonia in the presence of solid acid catalysts. Illustrative is the production of tert-butylamine:
:NH + CH=C(CH) → HNC(CH)
The Ritter reaction of isobutene with hydrogen cyanide is not useful in this case because it produces too much... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Aryl alkynes are typically made utilizing the Sonogashira reaction which is the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of terminal alkynes and aryl halides. Instead of the terminal alkynes, alkyne carboxylic acids has advantages, easy handling and storage. The first decarboxylative coupling of alkyne carboxylic ac... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In biological systems, methylation is accomplished by enzymes. Methylation can modify heavy metals and can regulate gene expression, RNA processing, and protein function. It is a key process underlying epigenetics. Sources of methyl groups include S-methylmethionine, methyl folate, methyl B12. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Azanes with more than three nitrogen atoms can be arranged in various different ways, forming structural isomers. The simplest isomer of an azane is the one in which the nitrogen atoms are arranged in a single chain with no branches. This isomer is sometimes called the n-isomer (n for "normal", although it is not neces... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Various hydrates of zinc chloride are known: with n = 1, 1.33, 2.5, 3, and 4.5. However, only the 1.33-hydrate, hemipentahydrate, trihydrate, and the heminonahydrate has been structurally elucidated.
The 1.33-hydrate, previously thought to be the hemitrihydrate, consists of trans-Zn(HO)Cl centers with the chlorine ato... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In 1937, Hans Adolf Krebs, who discovered the citric acid cycle bearing his name, confirmed the anaerobic dismutation of pyruvic acid into lactic acid, acetic acid and CO by certain bacteria according to the global reaction:
The dismutation of pyruvic acid in other small organic molecules (ethanol + CO, or lactate and ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Perhaps the single most important reaction of enolate ions is their alkylation by treatment with an alkyl halide or tosylate, thereby forming a new C-C bond and joining two smaller pieces into one larger molecule. Alkylation occurs when the nucleophilic enolate ion reacts with the electrophilic alkyl halide in an SN re... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Chiral oxocarbenium ions have been exploited to carry out highly diastereoselective and enantioselective acetate aldol
addition reactions. The oxocarbenium ion is used as an electrophile in the reaction. When the methyl group increases in size, the diastereoselevtivity increases. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Electrophilic alkylation uses Lewis acids and Brønsted acids, sometimes both. Classically, Lewis acids, e.g., aluminium trichloride, are employed when the alkyl halide are used. Brønsted acids are used when alkylating with olefins. Typical catalysts are zeolites, i.e. solid acid catalysts, and sulfuric acid. Silico... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Preconcentrated waste acid from the preconcentrator (III / IV) is injected into the reactor (I) by means of one or more spray booms (VIII) bearing one or more injection nozzles each. Injection takes place at reactor top at a pressure between 4 and 10 bar. The reactor is directly fired by tangentially mounted burners th... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Generally this topic is discussed when covering mass spectrometry and occurs generally by the same mechanisms.
To neutralize the positive charge on the ionization site a single two-electron transfer must be made. Neutralization of the positive charge at the ionization site is performed at the expense of the atom adjace... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Pyridines are highly variable substrates for asymmetric reduction (even compared to other heteroaromatics), in that five carbon centers are available for differential substitution on the initial ring. As of October 2012 no method seems to exist that can control all five, although at least one reasonably general method... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The nitrogen centres of hexachlorophosphazene are weakly basic, and this Lewis base behaviour has been suggested to play a role in the polymerisation mechanism. Specifically, hexachlorophosphazene has been reported to form adducts of various stoichiometries with Lewis acids Aluminium chloride|, Aluminium bromide|, Gall... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
* Invisible ink: when suspended in solution, cobalt(II) chloride can be made to appear invisible on a surface; when that same surface is subsequently exposed to significant heat (such as from a handheld heat gun or lighter) the ink reversibly changes to blue.
* Cobalt chloride is an established chemical inducer of hypo... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Sodium hydroxide is a popular strong base used in industry. Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of sodium salts and detergents, pH regulation, and organic synthesis. In bulk, it is most often handled as an aqueous solution, since solutions are cheaper and easier to handle.
Sodium hydroxide is used in many scena... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Molten anhydrous at 500–700 °C dissolves zinc metal, and, on rapid cooling of the melt, a yellow diamagnetic glass is formed, which Raman studies indicate contains the ion. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The NS radical was detected by LIF spectrum as the product of photolysis of tetranitrogen tetrasulfide (NS) gas by a 248 nm laser. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Sodium hydroxide also reacts with acidic oxides, such as sulfur dioxide. Such reactions are often used to "scrub" harmful acidic gases (like and ) produced in the burning of coal and thus prevent their release into the atmosphere. For example, | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
As a ligand, NS acts as a σ-donor and π-acceptor, forming metal-thionitrosyl complexes. Transition-metal thionitrosyl complexes have been prepared by the following procedures:
* Sulfur transfer to metal nitrido complexes
** Example: Reflux of (PhP)[OsNCl] and (PhP)NCS yields green-brown solid [PhP][Os(NS)(NCS)]
* Reac... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Substrates can be classified according to their polarity. Nonpolar substrates are dominated by alkenes. Polar substrates include ketones, enamines ketimines. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Praseodymium(III) nitride is a binary inorganic compound of praseodymium and nitrogen. Its chemical formula is . The compound forms black crystals, and reacts with water. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The majority of benzylic functionalization reactions of tricarbonyl(arene)chromium complexes proceed by mechanisms analogous to those followed by the free arenes. The aromatic ring and benzylic position are activated towards solvolysis, deprotonation, and nucleophilic attack (at the ortho and para positions of the aren... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
They are also utilized in military electronics such as active electronically scanned array radars.
Thales Group introduced the Ground Master 400 radar in 2010 utilizing GaN technology. In 2021 Thales put in operation more than 50,000 GaN Transmitters on radar systems.
The U.S. Army funded Lockheed Martin to incorporate... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The aza-Payne rearrangement may be effected in either the "forward" (epoxide to aziridine) or "reverse" (aziridine to epoxide) direction depending on the conditions employed. Electron-poor aziridines undergo the reverse rearrangement in the presence of hydride base, while the corresponding epoxy amines undergo the forw... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
A dyotropic reaction (from the Greek dyo, meaning two) in organic chemistry is a type of organic reaction and more specifically a pericyclic valence isomerization in which two sigma bonds simultaneously migrate intramolecularly. The reaction type is of some relevance to organic chemistry because it can explain how cert... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In asymmetric trifluoromethylation the trifluoromethyl group is added to the substrate in an enantioselective way. Ruppert's reagent has been used for this purpose in an asymmetric induction approach to functionalise chiral amino acid derivates, saccharides, and steroids.
Because Ruppert's reagent requires a tetraalkyl... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The armed/disarmed approach to glycosylation is an effective way to prevent sugar molecules from self-glycosylation when synthesizing disaccharides. This approach was first recognized when acetylated sugars only acted as glycosyl acceptors when reacted with benzylated sugars. The acetylated sugars were termed “disarme... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
CdS is used as pigment in plastics, showing good thermal stability, light and weather fastness, chemical resistance and high opacity. As a pigment, CdS is known as cadmium yellow (CI pigment yellow 37). About 2000 tons are produced annually as of 1982, representing about 25% of the cadmium processed commercially. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Phenyl isothiocyanate is reacted with an uncharged N-terminal amino group, under mildly alkaline conditions, to form a cyclical phenylthiocarbamoyl derivative. Then, under acidic conditions, this derivative of the terminal amino acid is cleaved as a thiazolinone derivative. The thiazolinone amino acid is then selective... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The outcomes of manganese-mediated coupling reactions depend on both the structure of the substrate(s) and the reaction conditions. This section describes the scope and limitations of inter- and intramolecular manganese-mediated radical coupling reactions and is organized according to the carbonyl compound employed as ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Reaction of diplutonium triselenide and plutonium trihydride:
Fusion of stoichiometric amounts of pure substances: | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Methods for the stereoselective synthesis of cyclopropanes from diazocarbonyl compounds and olefins have relied on either the use of pre-formed chiral rhodium catalysts or chiral auxiliaries on the diazocarbonyl compound. For example, Rh[S-DOSP] is a highly effective catalyst for the enantioselective cyclopropanation o... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Synthetic zeolites have complex structures and examples (with structural formulae) are:
* NaAlSiO·27HO, zeolite A (Linde type A sodium form, NaA), used in laundry detergents
* NaAlSiO·16HO, Analcime, IUPAC code ANA
* NaAlSiO·q HO, Losod
* NaAlSiO·518HO, Linde type N | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Manganese-mediated couplings have been used for the synthesis of hydrocarbon natural products, such as pheromones. A synthesis of queen bee pheromone uses the intermolecular coupling of acetone and an ω-alkenyl acetate en route to the target.
Lactonization is a key step in the synthesis of tomato pinworm sex pheromone.... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
After the deprotonation, the hydrazone turns into an azaenolate with lithium cation chelating both the nitrogen and oxygen. There are two possible options for lithium chelation. One is that lithium is antiperiplanar to the C=C bond (blue colored), leading to the conformation of Z; the other one is that lithium and the ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The structures of acceptors play a critical role in the rate and stereoselectivity of glycosylations. Generally, the unprotected hydroxyl groups are less reactive when they are between bulky protecting groups. That is the reason why the hydroxyl group at OH-4 in pyranosides is unreactive. Hyperconjugation is involved w... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Epigenetic modifications of histone tails in specific regions of the brain are of central importance in addictions, and much of the work on addiction has focused on histone acetylation. Once particular epigenetic alterations occur, they appear to be long lasting "molecular scars" that may account for the persistence o... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, cell parameters a = 3.400 Å, b = 5.156 Å, c = 9.055 Å, β = 95.60°, Z = 4.
Lithium oxalate decomposes when heated at : | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
When a spin-trapping agent, such as Fe(SCNEt) is present during the photolysis of Cr(CHCN)(NS), new S=1/2 EPR bands are observed, attributed to the formation of Fe(SCNEt)(NS), and the signal from Cr(CHCN)(NS) disappears. This suggests that the NS radical has transferred from the chromium complex to the iron complex.
Th... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
[Ni(NH)], like all octahedral nickel(II) complexes, is paramagnetic with two unpaired electrons localized on each Ni center. [Ni(NH)]Cl is prepared by treating aqueous nickel(II) chloride with ammonia. It is useful as a molecular source of anhydrous nickel(II). | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Hydroacylation as an asymmetric reaction was demonstrated in the form of a kinetic resolution. A true asymmetric synthesis was also described. Both conversions employed rhodium catalysts and a chiral diphosphine ligand. In one application the ligand is Me-DuPhos: | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Metal halides are compounds between metals and halogens. Some, such as sodium chloride are ionic, while others are covalently bonded. A few metal halides are discrete molecules, such as uranium hexafluoride, but most adopt polymeric structures, such as palladium chloride. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Vanadium(III) bromide and molybdenum(IV) bromide were prepared by treatment of the higher chlorides with HBr. These reactions proceed via redox reactions: | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Boric acid in equilibrium with its conjugate base the borate ion is widely used (in the concentration range 50–100 ppm boron equivalents) as a primary or adjunct pH buffer system in swimming pools. Boric acid is a weak acid, with pK (the pH at which buffering is strongest because the free acid and borate ion are in equ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The agriculture industry uses 1 million pounds per year as a fertilizer. In particular, its use has been suggested for treatment of whiptail in broccoli and cauliflower in molybdenum-deficient soils. However, care must be taken because at a level of 0.3 ppm sodium molybdate can cause copper deficiencies in animals, par... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula [Co(NH)]Cl. It is the chloride salt of the coordination complex [Co(NH)], which is considered an archetypal "Werner complex", named after the pioneer of coordination chemistry, Alfred Werner. The cation itself is a metal ammine complex with six a... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis for aromatic compounds does not work efficiently for ortho-substituted compounds such as ortho-carboxy, ortho-methoxy or ortho-nitro derivative compounds. The reaction is also not as efficient for compounds that are sensitive to concentrated acid, such as thiocyanophenols. The ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
A benzene solution of 1 eq of diethylaluminum chloride was added dropwise at 0° to a solution of 1 eq of lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide prepared in the usual fashion in benzene. The resulting slurry was stirred for 30 minutes and used immediately.
To a stirred mixture of 0.004 mol of diethylaluminum 2,2,6,6-tetr... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Oxychlorination is employed in the conversion of ethylene into vinyl chloride. In the first step in this process, ethylene undergoes oxychlorination to give ethylene chloride:
:CH=CH + 2 HCl + ½ O → ClCHCHCl + HO
Oxychlorination is of special importance in the making of 1,2-dichloroethane, which is then co... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Neutralizing a solution containing an salt such as indium nitrate () or a solution of indium trichloride () gives a white precipitate that on aging forms indium(III) hydroxide. A thermal decomposition of freshly prepared shows the first step is the conversion of to cubic indium(III) hydroxide. The precipitation of i... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
AGEs are responsible for many things. These molecules play an important role especially in nutrition, they are responsible for the brownish color and the aromas and flavors of some foods. It is demonstrated that cooking at high temperature results in various food products having high levels of AGEs.
Having elevated lev... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Donovan's solution is an inorganic compound prepared from arsenic triiodide and mercuric iodide. Despite its name, it is a compound and not a solution.
__TOC__ | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The following processes for the regeneration of HCl from spent pickle liquors have been adopted by the ferrous metals processing industry: | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Sodium hexanitritocobaltate(III) is inorganic compound with the formula . The anion of this yellow-coloured salt consists of the transition metal nitrite complex . It was a reagent for the qualitative test for potassium and ammonium ions. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Unsaturated esters may be epoxidized using either electrophilic or nucleophilic methods. Lanthanide-mediated epoxidation has been successfully applied to cinnamates and β-heteroaryl unsaturated esters. Amides are also epoxidized under lanthanide-mediated conditions.
Epoxidations of other electron-deficient double bonds... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Under basic, protic conditions, 2,3-epoxy alcohols undergo a rearrangement in which the alcohol oxygen opens the epoxide with inversion of configuration, forming an isomeric 1,2-epoxy alcohol. Overall, the Payne rearrangement represents a migration of the epoxide. Although the migration itself is fully reversible, nucl... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Ferrous oxalate (iron(II) oxalate) are inorganic compound with the formula FeCO(HO) where x is 0 or 2. These are orange compounds, poorly soluble in water. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
A nitrogen bound to both a good electrofuge and a good nucleofuge is known as a nitrenoid (for its resemblance to a nitrene). Nitrenes lack a full octet of electrons are thus highly electrophilic; nitrenoids exhibit analogous behavior and are often good substrates for electrophilic amination reactions. Nitrenoids can b... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Using either Pd–Cu or Cu catalysts Yang et al. reported the first example of decarboxylative C–P cross-coupling. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
dimesitylborane is a dimer (CHMe)BH). It reacts only slowly with simple terminal alkenes. On the other hand, alkynes undergo monohydroboration with MesBH easily to produce alkenylboranes. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Allyl- and vinylsilanes react with a variety of electrophiles under conditions of nucleophilic catalysis or Lewis acid promotion (often stoichiometric). The primary advantage of using Lewis acids versus fluoride catalysis is site selectivity—fluoride activation tends to generate allyl anions, which can then react at ei... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
It is common in E1 and S1 reactions for a poor leaving group to be transformed into a good one by protonation or complexation with a Lewis acid. Thus, it is by protonation before departure that a molecule can formally lose such poor leaving groups as hydroxide.
The same principle is at work in the Friedel-Crafts reacti... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The scope of leaving groups has also been expanded to include a number of different leaving groups, although carbonates, phenols, phosphates, halides and carboxylates are the most widely used. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Intramolecular reactions of diazocarbonyl compounds include addition to carbon–carbon double bonds to form fused cyclopropanes and insertion into carbon–hydrogen bonds or carbon–carbon bonds. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In general, radical cyclization to produce small rings is difficult. However, it is possible to trap the cyclized radical before re-opening. This process can be facilitated by fragmentation (see the three-membered case below) or by stabilization of the cyclized radical (see the four-membered case). Five- and six-member... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The reaction between tricarbonylchromium complexes Cr(CO)L and electron-rich or electron-neutral aromatic rings produces tricarbonyl(arene)chromium complexes (arene)Cr(CO). Complexation to chromium(0) activates the side chain of the arene, facilitating dissociation of a benzylic proton, leaving group, or nucleophilic a... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Methanation is the conversion of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (CO) to methane (CH) through hydrogenation. The methanation reactions of CO were first discovered by Sabatier and Senderens in 1902.
CO methanation has many practical applications. It is a means of carbon oxide removal from process gases and is also be... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The first reported decarboxylative cross coupling reaction was an Ullmann reaction, in 1966 by Nilsson et al. Thermal decarboxylation of copper benzoates, in the presence of an aryl halide, was found to produce (both symmetric and unsymmetric) biaryls through aryl-Cu intermediates.
This monometallic copper system requi... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Usually called molybdenum pentachloride, it is in fact partly a dimer with the molecular formula . In the dimer, each molybdenum has local octahedral symmetry and two chlorides bridge between the molybdenum centers. A similar structure is also found for the pentachlorides of W, Nb and Ta. In the gas phase and partly in... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
C-Nitroso compounds, such as nitrosobenzene, are typically prepared by oxidation of hydroxylamines:
:RNHOH + [O] → RNO + HO | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In the Gallagher–Hollander degradation (1946) pyruvic acid is removed from a linear aliphatic carboxylic acid yielding a new acid with two carbon atoms fewer. The original publication concerns the conversion of bile acid in a series of reactions: acid chloride (2) formation with thionyl chloride, diazoketone formation ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Since the LUMOs of nontrigonal pnictogen compounds consist mainly of the vacant p orbitals of the pnictogen nuclei, they could undergo one-electron reduction to afford radical anions if the energy levels of LUMOs are appropriate. For a less sterically hindered compound, the generated radical anion readily dimerizes to ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction is a method for methylation of amines. This method avoids the risk of quaternization, which occurs when amines are methylated with methyl halides. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Nucleophilic epoxidation is the formation of epoxides from electron-deficient double bonds through the action of nucleophilic oxidants. Nucleophilic epoxidation methods represent a viable alternative to electrophilic methods, many of which do not epoxidize electron-poor double bonds efficiently.
Although the most commo... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The Boord olefin synthesis is an organic reaction forming alkenes from ethers carrying a halogen atom 2 carbons removed from the oxygen atom (β-halo-ethers) using a metal such as magnesium or zinc. The reaction, discovered by Cecil E. Boord in 1930 is a classic named reaction with high yields and broad scope.
The r... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The crystal structure of APR resembles that of scheelite, with atomic cation is replaced by ammonium. The pertechnetate (NHTcO), periodate (NHIO), tetrachlorothallate (NHTlCl), and tetrachloroindate (NHInCl) follow this motif. It undergoes a molecular orientational ordering transition on cooling without change of space... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Tetraoxidane is an inorganic compound of hydrogen and oxygen with the chemical formula . This is one of the unstable hydrogen polyoxides. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Source:
A solution of the olefinic acid (0.499 g, 2.25 mmol) dissolved in benzene (20 ml, freshly distilled from calcium hydride) was stirred at 0 °C (ice bath) under nitrogen while oxalyl chloride (1.35 ml, 2.0 g, 15.75 mmol) was added dropwise. The ice bath
was removed and the solution was stirred at room temperatur... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
K. C. Nicolaou and coworkers at Scripps Research Institute generated the chiral hydrazone through Enders hydrazone alkylation reaction with high stereoselectivity (de' > 95%). The subsequent ozonolysis and Wittig reaction led to the side chain fragment of zaragozic acid A, which is a potent medicine for coronary heart ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
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