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is a yellow-orange solid. It is an unstable compound, with a half-life of about two minutes, disproportionating into xenon trioxide| and xenon gas. Its structure and identity was confirmed by cooling it to −150 °C so that Raman spectroscopy could be performed before it decomposed.
At -78 °C, the majority of XeO decompo... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Polysubstituted benzenes were originally synthesized by substitution reactions on aromatic precursors. However, these reactions can have low regioselectivity and are prone to over substitution. Directed ortho metalation requires precursors that are often unstable to metallating reagents. Both these synthetic routes pos... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Within the inner coma of comets, many reactions are theorized to be relevant to the formation and reactivity of the NS radical. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH). It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed with water. It has many names including hydrated lime, caustic lime, builders' lime, slaked lime, cal, and pic... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The sugar derivatives used for SHJ reactions should be purified, dried, and powdered before use. Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of the aromatic ring of a benzoate ester at the 2-position of 1-acetoxy ribose in the presence of a Lewis acid has been observed, and represents a potential side reaction. Heterocycles... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In the episode "A No-Rough-Stuff-Type Deal" of the crime drama television series Breaking Bad, Walter White uses thermite to burn through a security lock in order to steal a methylamine drum from a chemical plant. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
A useful alternative to the methods described here that avoids the site selectivity concerns of the SHJ reaction is tandem Michael reaction/cyclization to simultaneously form the heterocyclic base and establish its connection to the sugar moiety.
A second alternative is enzymatic transglycosylation, which is completely... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In 2000, Steglich et al. reported an intramolecular Pd(II)-mediated decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction in their synthesis of lamellarin L.
Myers et al. reported decarboxylative olefination of ortho-substituted arene carboxylates in the presence of an oxidant (Ag2CO3) in 2002.
Subsequent studies showed that homogen... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
When connecting the monosaccharides, the oligosaccharides need to be reducing in order to sequentially connect the glycosyl units. The monosaccharides, in nature prefer ɑ-linkages due to anomeric effect, but the disaccharides with ɑ-linkages are non-reducing thus deactivating the consequent connection of the monosaccha... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Per IUPAC, the term biaryl refers to an assembly of two aromatic rings joined by a single bond, starting with the simplest, biphenyl. Biaryls constitute an important structural motif of physical organic, synthetic, and catalytic interest—for instance, underlying the area of atropisomers in enantioselective synthesis—an... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Bone ash is used in foundries for various purposes. Examples include release agents and protective barriers for tools exposed to molten metal, and as a sealant for seams and cracks. Applied as a powder or water slurry, bone ash has many unique characteristics. First of all, the powder has high thermal stability, so it ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Eschenmoser sulfide contraction is an organic reaction first described by Albert Eschenmoser for the synthesis of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds from a thioester. The method requires a base and a tertiary phosphine. The method is of some relevance to organic chemistry and has been notably applied in the vitamin B total ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Enantioselective dioxirane oxidations may rely on chiral, non-racemic dioxiranes, such as Shis fructose-based dioxirane. Enantioselective oxidation of meso-diols with Shis catalyst, for instance, produces chiral α-hydroxy ketones with moderate enantioselectivity. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Aza Paternò−Büchi reaction involves an ππ* excited state of alkene reacting with a ground state imine. This strategy was developed by the laboratory Sivaguru and co-workers to overcome the shortcomings involving direct excitation of imines. Traditionally addition of excited imines to carbon-carbon double bonds involves... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Dioxiranes are generated by combining the ketone precursor with a buffered aqueous solution of KHSO. The volatile dioxiranes DMD and TFD are isolated via distillation of the crude reaction mixture. Baeyer-Villiger oxidation may compete with dioxirane formation. Once isolated, dioxiranes are kept in solutions of the cor... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Nickel(II) iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula NiI. This paramagnetic black solid dissolves readily in water to give bluish-green solutions, from which crystallizes the aquo complex [Ni(HO)]I (image above). This bluish-green colour is typical of hydrated nickel(II) compounds. Nickel iodides find some appl... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
When orthoborate salts are dissolved in water, the anion converts mostly to boric acid and other hydrogen-containing borate anions, mainly tetrahydroxyborate . The reactions of orthoborate in solution are therefore mostly those of these compounds.
In particular, these reactions include the condensation of tetrahydroxo... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Demethylation is the chemical process resulting in the removal of a methyl group (CH) from a molecule. A common way of demethylation is the replacement of a methyl group by a hydrogen atom, resulting in a net loss of one carbon and two hydrogen atoms.
The counterpart of demethylation is methylation. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Pure sodium hydroxide is a colorless crystalline solid that melts at without decomposition and boils at . It is highly soluble in water, with a lower solubility in polar solvents such as ethanol and methanol. Sodium hydroxide is insoluble in ether and other non-polar solvents.
Similar to the hydration of sulfuric acid... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The most important reaction types involving free radicals are:
* Free-radical substitution, for instance free-radical halogenation and autoxidation.
* Free-radical addition reactions
* Intramolecular free radical reactions (substitution or addition) such as the Hofmann–Löffler reaction or the Barton reaction
* Free rad... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Temperature plays a major role in the conversion of biomass to bio-oil. The temperature of the reaction determines the depolymerization of the biomass to bio-oil, as well as the repolymerization into char. While the ideal reaction temperature is dependent on the feedstock used, temperatures above ideal lead to an incre... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Stereospecific cis-hydroalumination is possible through the use of dialkylalanes. The most common reagent used for this purpose is di(isobutyl)aluminium hydride (DIBAL-H). Analogous to hydroboration reactions with RBH, hydroalumination with RAlH leads to the attachment of aluminium at the carbon less able to stabilize ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Trifluoromethyl sulfone (PhSOCF) and trifluoromethyl sulfoxide (PhSOCF) can be used for trifluoromethylations of electrophiles | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Careful storage is needed when handling sodium hydroxide for use, especially bulk volumes. Following proper NaOH storage guidelines and maintaining worker/environment safety is always recommended given the chemical's burn hazard.
Sodium hydroxide is often stored in bottles for small-scale laboratory use, within interme... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In 1956 a heterogeneous catalyst made of palladium deposited on silk was shown to effect asymmetric hydrogenation. Later, in 1968, the groups of William Knowles and Leopold Horner independently published the examples of asymmetric hydrogenation using a homogeneous catalysts. While exhibiting only modest enantiomeric ex... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The dienone–phenol rearrangement is a reaction in organic chemistry first reported in 1921 by Karl von Auwers and Karl Ziegler. A common example of dienone–phenol rearrangement is 4,4-disubstituted converting into a stable 3,4-disubstituted phenol in presence of acid. A similar rearrangement is possible with a 2,2-dis... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The Payne rearrangement is the isomerization, under basic conditions, of 2,3-epoxy alcohols to isomeric 1,2-epoxy alcohols with inversion of configuration. Aza- and thia-Payne rearrangements of aziridines and thiiraniums, respectively, are also known. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Hydrochloric acid regeneration or HCl regeneration is a chemical process for the reclamation of bound and unbound HCl from metal chloride solutions such as hydrochloric acid. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Hydrogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen and bromine. A colorless gas, it dissolves in water, forming hydrobromic acid, which is saturated at 68.85% HBr by weight at room temperature. Aqueous solutions that are 47.6% HBr by mass form a constant-boilin... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The use of metal hydrides (tin, silicon and mercury hydrides) is common in radical cyclization reactions; the primary limitation of this method is the possibility of reduction of the initially formed radical by H-M. Fragmentation methods avoid this problem by incorporating the chain-transfer reagent into the substrate ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
There are various mechanisms for glycosylation, although most share several common features:
*Glycosylation, unlike glycation, is an enzymatic process. Indeed, glycosylation is thought to be the most complex post-translational modification, because of the large number of enzymatic steps involved.
*The donor molecule i... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
It is also possible to synthesise heterocyclic compounds via the Elbs reaction. In 1956 an Elbs reaction of a thiophene derivative was published. The expected linear product was not obtained due to a change in reaction mechanism after formation of the first intermediate which caused multiple free radical reaction steps... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
These principles have been applied in multiple natural product targets containing medium and large rings. The syntheses of cladiell-11-ene-3,6,7-
triol, (±)-periplanone B, eucannabinolide, and neopeltolide are all significant in their usage of macrocyclic stereocontrol en route to obtaining the desired structural targe... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Lead(II) azide is prepared by the reaction of sodium azide and lead(II) nitrate in aqueous solution. Lead(II) acetate can also be used.
Thickeners such as dextrin or polyvinyl alcohol are often added to the solution to stabilize the precipitated product. In fact, it is normally shipped in a dextrinated solution that lo... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Borate anions are largely in the form of the undissociated acid in aqueous solution at physiological pH. No further metabolism occurs in either animals or plants. In animals, boric acid/borate salts are essentially completely absorbed following oral ingestion. Absorption occurs via inhalation, although quantitative dat... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The dipeptide derived from glycine and (R-)valine is converted into a 2,5-Diketopiperazine (a cyclic dipeptide). Double O-methylation gives the bis-lactim. A proton is then abstracted from the prochiral position on glycine with n-BuLi. The next step decides the stereoselectivity of the method: One face of the carbanio... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The so-called inner sphere mechanism entails coordination of the alkene to the metal center. Other characteristics of this mechanism include a tendency for a homolytic splitting of dihydrogen when more electron-rich, low-valent metals are present while electron-poor, high valent metals normally exhibit a heterolytic cl... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Manganese-mediated coupling reactions are radical coupling reactions between enolizable carbonyl compounds and unsaturated compounds initiated by a manganese(III) salt, typically manganese(III) acetate. Copper(II) acetate is sometimes used as a co-oxidant to assist in the oxidation of intermediate radicals to carbocati... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In carbohydrate chemistry carbohydrate acetalisation is an organic reaction and a very effective means of providing a protecting group. The example below depicts the acetalisation reaction of D-ribose 1. With acetone or 2,2-dimethoxypropane as the acetalisation reagent the reaction is under thermodynamic reaction contr... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Because many reagents exist for radical generation and trapping, establishing a single prevailing mechanism is not possible. However, once a radical is generated, it can react with multiple bonds in an intramolecular fashion to yield cyclized radical intermediates. The two ends of the multiple bond constitute two possi... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The DeMayo reaction is a photochemical reaction in which the enol of a 1,3-diketone reacts with an alkene (or another species with a C=C bond) and the resulting cyclobutane ring undergoes a retro-aldol reaction to yield a 1,5-diketone:
The net effect is to add the two carbon atoms in the C=C double bond between the two... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In order to understand how life arose, knowledge is required of the chemical pathways that permit formation of the key building blocks of life under plausible prebiotic conditions. Nam et al. demonstrated the direct condensation of nucleobases with ribose to give ribonucleosides in aqueous microdroplets, a key step le... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The most synthetically useful aminations of enolate anions employ N-acyloxazolidinone substrates. The chiral auxiliaries on these compounds are easily removed after hydrazine formation (with azo compounds) or azidation (with trisyl azide). Azidation using the latter reagent is more efficient than bromination followed b... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Carboxylation is a standard conversion in organic chemistry. Specifically carbonation (i.e. carboxylation) of Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds is a classic way to convert organic halides into carboxylic acids.
Sodium salicylate, precursor to aspirin, is commercially prepared by treating sodium phenolate (t... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Detection of NS at steady state concentration in the reaction zone of the combustion of methane doped with ammonia and a fuel sulfur such as HS suggests that NS may be an important reactive intermediate in burning of hydrocarbon flames in a reducing atmosphere, which is relevant to coal pyrolysis and combustion.
Fossil... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Alkyl substitution can be achieved when alkyl halides are used in conjunction with a Lewis acid; however, only activated (allylic, benzylic) or highly substituted (tert-butyl) halides are useful in this context. Nucleophilic catalysis of alkylation is rare, because protodesilylation tends to occur. Lewis acid activatio... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Ammonium perrhenate (APR) is the ammonium salt of perrhenic acid, NHReO. It is the most common form in which rhenium is traded. It is a white salt; soluble in ethanol and water, and mildly soluble in NHCl. It was first described soon after the discovery of rhenium. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Asymmetric ester hydrolysis with pig liver esterase is the enantioselective conversion of an ester to a carboxylic acid through the action of the enzyme pig liver esterase (EC 3.1.1.1). Asymmetric ester hydrolysis involves the selective reaction of one of a pair of either enantiotopic (within the same molecule and rela... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Thermite reactions have many uses. It is not an explosive; instead, it operates by exposing a very small area to extremely high temperatures. Intense heat focused on a small spot can be used to cut through metal or weld metal components together both by melting metal from the components, and by injecting molten metal f... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
A decarboxylative Heck coupling by Su et al. can be used to obtain an aryl olefin using benzoquinone as the oxidant. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In general, enols are less stable than their keto equivalents because of the favorability of the C=O double bond over C=C double bond. However, enols can be stabilized kinetically or thermodynamically.
Some enols are sufficiently stabilized kinetically so that they can be characterized.
Delocalization can stabilize the... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Sodium hydroxide is sometimes used during water purification to raise the pH of water supplies. Increased pH makes the water less corrosive to plumbing and reduces the amount of lead, copper and other toxic metals that can dissolve into drinking water. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Diastereoselective DMD epoxidation of a chiral unsaturated ketone was applied to the synthesis of verrucosan-2β-ol.
Enantioselective dioxirane epoxidation is critical in a synthetic sequence leading to an analogue of glabrescol. The sequence produced the glabrescol analogue in 31% overall yield in only two steps. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The mechanism proceeds in two stages: β-nucleophilic addition to the unsaturated carbonyl compound, followed by electrophilic substitution at the α-carbon of the resulting enolate.
When the nucleophile is an organometallic reagent, the mechanisms of the first step can vary. Whether reactions take place by ionic or radi... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Wu et al. reported a C–X cross coupling using CuX (X= Br, Cl) and a silver catalyst to obtain aryl halides. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In organic chemistry, the Murai reaction is an organic reaction that uses C-H activation to create a new C-C bond between a terminal or strained internal alkene and an aromatic compound using a ruthenium catalyst. The reaction, named after Shinji Murai, was first reported in 1993. While not the first example of C-H ac... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
An experiment for the preparation of mercuric oxide was first described by 11th century Arab-Spanish alchemist, Maslama al-Majriti, in Rutbat al-hakim. It was historically called red precipitate (as opposed to white precepitate being the mercuric amidochloride).
In 1774, Joseph Priestley discovered that oxygen was rele... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The carbonatation process is used in the production of sugar from sugar beets.
It involves the introduction of limewater (milk of lime - calcium hydroxide suspension) and carbon dioxide enriched gas into the "raw juice" (the sugar rich liquid prepared from the diffusion stage of the process) to form calcium carbonate ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
A wide variety of phenols undergo O-methylation to give anisole derivatives. This process, catalyzed by such enzymes as caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, is a key reaction in the biosynthesis of lignols, percursors to lignin, a major structural component of plants.
Plants produce flavonoids and isoflavones with methyl... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Hexachlorophosphazene has also found applications in research by enabling aromatic coupling reactions between pyridine and either N,N-dialkylanilines or indole, resulting in 4,4'-substituted phenylpyridine derivatives, postulated to go through a cyclophosphazene pyridinium salt intermediate.
The compound may also be us... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Lanthanum oxalate is an inorganic compound, a salt of lanthanum metal and oxalic acid with the chemical formula .
__TOC__ | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In inorganic chemistry, an orthoborate is a polyatomic anion with formula or a salt containing the anion; such as trisodium orthoborate . It is one of several boron oxyanions, or borates.
The name is also used in organic chemistry for the trivalent functional group , or any compound (ester) that contains it, such as t... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
N-, P-, and S-alkylation are important processes for the formation of carbon-nitrogen, carbon-phosphorus, and carbon-sulfur bonds,
Amines are readily alkylated. The rate of alkylation follows the order tertiary amine < secondary amine < primary amine. Typical alkylating agents are alkyl halides. Industry often relie... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Trimethylenemethane is a neutral, four-carbon molecule composed of four pi bonds; thus, it must be expressed either as a non-Kekulé molecule or a zwitterion. The orbital energy levels of TMM reveal that it possesses singlet and triplet states; generally, these states exhibit different reactivity and selectivity profile... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Epothilone A and B are reported to be highly effective anticancer drugs. Several of their structural derivatives show very promising inhibition against breast cancer with only mild side effect and some of them are now under trials. In 1997, K. C. Nicolaou and coworkers reported the first total synthesis of both Epothil... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
There are two main ways in which minerals hydrate. One is conversion of an oxide to a double hydroxide, as with the hydration of calcium oxide—CaO—to calcium hydroxide—Ca(OH), the other is with the incorporation of water molecules directly into the crystalline structure of a new mineral.
The later process is exhibited... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Calcium hydroxide adopts a polymeric structure, as do all metal hydroxides. The structure is identical to that of Mg(OH) (brucite structure); i.e., the cadmium iodide motif. Strong hydrogen bonds exist between the layers.
Calcium hydroxide is produced commercially by treating (slaking) lime with water:
:CaO + HO → Ca(... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Protein methylation typically takes place on arginine or lysine amino acid residues in the protein sequence. Arginine can be methylated once (monomethylated arginine) or twice, with either both methyl groups on one terminal nitrogen (asymmetric dimethylarginine) or one on both nitrogens (symmetric dimethylarginine), by... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The Tipson–Cohen reaction is a name reaction first discovered by Stuart Tipson and Alex Cohen at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington D.C. The Tipson–Cohen reaction occurs when two neighboring secondary sulfonyloxy groups in a sugar molecule are treated with zinc dust (Zn) and sodium iodide (NaI) in a refluxi... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
There are other proteins that have acetylating abilities but differ in structure to the previously mentioned families. One HAT is called steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1), which has a HAT domain located at the C-terminus end of the protein along with a basic helix-loop-helix and PAS A and PAS B domains with a LXXLL... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis converts alkyl or aryl thiocyanates to thiocarbamates under acidic conditions, followed by hydrolysis with ice water. The reaction was discovered by the German chemist in 1951 as a more efficient method to produce thiocarbamates. Some references spell the name Riemenschneider.... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Concentrated (50%) aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide have a characteristic viscosity, 78 mPa·s, that is much greater than that of water (1.0 mPa·s) and near that of olive oil (85 mPa·s) at room temperature. The viscosity of aqueous , as with any liquid chemical, is inversely related to its temperature, i.e., its vi... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The carbon-silicon bond is highly electron-releasing and can stabilize a positive charge in the β position through hyperconjugation. Electrophilic additions to allyl- and vinylsilanes take advantage of this, and site selectivity generally reflects this property—electrophiles become bound to the carbon γ to the silyl gr... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Synthesis of xenon trioxide is by aqueous hydrolysis of :
: + 3 → + 6 HF
The resulting xenon trioxide crystals are a strong oxidising agent and can oxidise most substances that are at all oxidisable. However, it is slow-acting and this reduces its usefulness.
Above 25 °C, xenon trioxide is very prone to violent explo... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In 2005, Meyers et al. Proposed the following mechanism for the decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction. The initial and rate determining step is the decarboxylation. The ipso carbon of the arene ring is thought to coordinate to the palladium centre initially and is followed by the expulsion of carbon dioxide, forming ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Examples of enzymes capable of arene dearomatization are toluene dixoyhydrogenase, naphthalene dixoyhydrogenase and benzoyl CoA reductase. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Dioxiranes may be produced through the action of KHSO on carbonyl compounds. Because of their low-lying σ* orbital, they are highly electrophilic oxidants and react with unsaturated functional groups, Y-H bonds (yielding oxygen insertion products), and heteroatoms. The most common dioxiranes employed for organic synthe... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Bougalt's report of iodolactonization represented the first example of a reliable lactonization that could be used in many different systems. Bromolactonization was actually developed in the twenty years prior to Bougalt’s publication of iodolactonization. However, bromolactonization is much less commonly used because ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Xylose, fucose, mannose, and GlcNAc phosphoserine glycans have been reported in the literature. Fucose and GlcNAc have been found only in Dictyostelium discoideum, mannose in Leishmania mexicana, and xylose in Trypanosoma cruzi. Mannose has recently been reported in a vertebrate, the mouse, Mus musculus, on the cell-su... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Trifluoroacetic acid, often used in these reductions, is a strong, corrosive acid. Some hydrosilanes are pyrophoric. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Since organochlorine compounds are the most abundant organohalides, most dehalogenations entail manipulation of C-Cl bonds. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Cobalt is essential for most higher forms of life, but more than a few milligrams each day is harmful. Although poisonings have rarely resulted from cobalt compounds, their chronic ingestion has caused serious health problems at doses far less than the lethal dose. In 1966, the addition of cobalt compounds to stabiliz... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Members of the SOBER1 family are considered closely related to acyl-protein thioesterases, judged by their protein structure. However, a change in their amino acid sequence renders SOBER1's biochemical properties into a deacetylase; in particular the hydrophobic tunnel, which is found in acyl-protein thioesterases, is ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The benzyl halide 1 reacts with hexamine to a quaternary ammonium salt 3, each time just alkylating one nitrogen atom. Then the benzylammonium undergoes an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis process.
Depending on the hydrolysis conditions, the hexamine unit might instead break apart, leaving a benzyl amine (the Delépine reactio... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Asymmetric hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that adds two atoms of hydrogen to a target (substrate) molecule with three-dimensional spatial selectivity. Critically, this selectivity does not come from the target molecule itself, but from other reagents or catalysts present in the reaction. This allows spatial info... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Saturated hydronitrogens can be:
* linear (general formula ) wherein the nitrogen atoms are joined in a snakelike structure
* branched (general formula , n > 3) wherein the nitrogen backbone splits off in one or more directions
* cyclic (general formula , n > 2) wherein the nitrogen backbone is linked so as to form a l... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Boric acid was first registered in the US as an insecticide in 1948 for control of cockroaches, termites, fire ants, fleas, silverfish, and many other insects. The product is generally considered to be safe to use in household kitchens to control cockroaches and ants. It acts as a stomach poison affecting the insects ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Diazomethane is a popular methylating agent in the laboratory, but it is too hazardous (explosive gas with a high acute toxicity) to be employed on an industrial scale without special precautions. Use of diazomethane has been significantly reduced by the introduction of the safer and equivalent reagent trimethylsilyldi... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
One variation is called the decarboxylative A coupling. In this reaction the amine is replaced by an amino acid. The imine can isomerise and the alkyne group is placed at the other available nitrogen alpha position. This reaction requires a copper catalyst. The redox A coupling has the same product outcome but the reac... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Both the trimer and tetramer in hydrocarbon solutions photochemically react forming clear liquids identified as alkyl-substituted derivatives , where n = 3, 4. Such reactions proceed under prolonged UVC (mercury arc) illumination without affecting the rings. Solid films of the trimer and tetramer will not undergo any ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In the laboratory, cobalt(II) chloride serves as a common precursor to other cobalt compounds. Generally, diluted aqueous solutions of the salt behave like other cobalt(II) salts since these solutions consist of the ion regardless of the anion. For example, such solutions give a precipitate of cobalt sulfide upon tre... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Formation of oxocarbenium ions can proceed through several different pathways. Most commonly, the oxygen of a ketone will bind to a Lewis Acid, which activates the ketone, making it a more effective electrophile. The Lewis acid can be a wide range of molecules, from a simple hydrogen atom to metal complexes. The remain... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Dioxiranes oxidize a wide variety of functional groups. This section describes the substrate scope of dioxirane epoxidation and the products that most commonly result.
Oxidations of alkynes, allenes, arenes, and other unique unsaturated functionality may yield epoxides or other oxidized products. Oxidation of allenes a... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The physical manifestation of leaving group ability is the rate at which a reaction takes place. Good leaving groups give fast reactions. By transition state theory, this implies that reactions involving good leaving groups have low activation barriers leading to relatively stable transition states.
It is helpful to co... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bondsthat is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as inorganic chemistry.
Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compos... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Iodolactonization has been used in the synthesis of many biologically important products such as the tumor growth inhibitors vernolepin and vernomenin, the pancreatic lipase inhibitor vibralactone, and prostaglandins, a lipid found in animals. The following total syntheses all use iodolactonization as a key step in obt... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
SOBER1 is an enzyme that catalyzes the biochemical reaction of deacetylation. The SOBER (uppressor f AvrsT-licited esistance) 1 protein is conserved in plants and it suppresses the plants ability to carry out the hypersensitive response against infection by certain pathogenic effector proteins from the YopJ family. SOB... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Yttrium oxalate is highly insoluble in water and converts to the oxide when heated. Yttrium oxalate forms crystalline hydrates (colorless crystals) with the formula Y(CO)•n HO, where n = 4, 9, and 10.
Decomposes when heated:
The solubility product of yttrium oxalate at 25 °C is 5.1 × 10.
The trihydrate Y(CO)•3HO is for... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Enediols are alkenes with a hydroxyl group on each carbon of the C=C double bond. Normally such compounds are disfavored components in equilibria with acyloins. One special case is catechol, where the C=C subunit is part of an aromatic ring. In some other cases however, enediols are stabilized by flanking carbonyl gr... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In ammonia production CO and CO are considered poisons to most commonly used catalysts. Methanation catalysts are added after several hydrogen producing steps to prevent carbon oxide buildup in the ammonia synthesis loop as methane does not have similar adverse effects on ammonia synthesis rates. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
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