BaekSeungJu/TopicwiseEval-Dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

Question stringlengths 6 846	Choice A stringlengths 1 208	Choice B stringlengths 1 160	Choice C stringlengths 1 216	Choice D stringlengths 1 226	Choice E stringlengths 1 145	answer stringclasses 5 values	answer_text stringlengths 1 226	topic stringclasses 19 values
What structure is deep to the plane of the facial nerve branches in the lower face?	Masseter muscle	Parotidomasseteric fascia	Deep temporal fascia	Parotid glans	nan	a	Masseter muscle	General Ophthalmology
A one-year-old presents with a round, well-demarcated mass at the superotemporal rim. The lesion has been present since birth. The most likely diagnosis is	Rhabdomyosarcoma	Neurofibroma	Dermoid cyst	Capillary hemangioma	nan	c	Dermoid cyst	General Ophthalmology
During the past three months, a 65-year-old woman has had three 20- minute episodes of visual disturbance while reading. At the outset, letters appear to break up, then a shimmering paracentral light in the right homonymous field slowly enlarges and becomes defined by jagged, sharp edges as it moves to the periphery. There are no neurologic symptoms before, after, or during the attacks, and results of general, ophthalmologic, and neurologic examinations are normal. There is a strong family history of migraine, but the patient reports no personal history of migraine. What test(s) should be performed?	a CT scan	a 2D echocardiogram	a digital subtraction angiogram	an electroencephalogram	nan	c	a digital subtraction angiogram	General Ophthalmology
A one-year-old child is examined and found to have a retinoblastoma in the left eye with diffuse vitreous seeding. The other eye is normal. What is the MOST APPROPRIATE management for the tumor?	enucleation	exenteration	cobalt plaque	irradiation	nan	a	enucleation	General Ophthalmology
What is the MAJOR factor responsible for decreased vision in patients with chronic peripheral uveitis (pars planitis syndrome chronic cyclitis)?	posterior subcapsular cataract	vitreous cells and debris	corneal edema	macular edema	nan	d	macular edema	General Ophthalmology
Which of all the following uveitides is NOT bilateral?	toxoplasmosis	toxocariasis	juvenile arthritis with uveitis	pars planitis	nan	b	toxocariasis	General Ophthalmology
Which of the following CANNOT be used to test for ARC?	Worth four-dot test	Major amblyoscope test	Titmus stereo test	Cuppers monocular afterimage test	nan	c	Titmus stereo test	General Ophthalmology
After a 6-mm bilateral lateral rectus recession for an intermittent exotropia of 25 prism diopters, the patient develops an esotropia of 40A with constant diplopia and inability to abduct OD beyond the midline. The MOST likely cause is	Muscle slippage or loss	Accommodative spasm	Surgical increase in AC/A ratio	Inadvertent trauma to right sixth nerve during surgery	nan	a	Muscle slippage or loss	General Ophthalmology
A permanent decrease in vision secondary to monocular trabeculodysgenesis (primary infantile glaucoma) is MOST COMMONLY caused by which of the following?	corneal haze	cataract formation	anisometropic amblyopia	aniseikonia	nan	c	anisometropic amblyopia	General Ophthalmology
All of the following are histopathologic manifestations of angle recession EXCEPT:	a cleavage plane between longitudinal ciliary body fibers and sclera.	atrophy of the ciliary muscle fibers.	change in the ciliary body shape from triangular to fusiform.	posterolateral displacement of ciliary processes.	nan	a	a cleavage plane between longitudinal ciliary body fibers and sclera.	General Ophthalmology
A 3-year-old patient presents with bilateral leukocoria. What is the LEAST likely diagnosis?	Congenital cataracts	Retinoblastoma	Retinopathy of prematurity	Metastasis	nan	d	Metastasis	General Ophthalmology
Regarding the patient in the previous questions: Which one of the following is NOT an indicator of a poorer prognosis?	Extrascleral extension	Tumor cells through the lamina cribrosa of optic nerve	Bilateral involvement	Tumor diameter greater than 10 DD	nan	d	Tumor diameter greater than 10 DD	General Ophthalmology
Regarding the patient in the previous questions: What type of secondary tumors are these patients at HIGHEST risk for?	Osteogenic sarcoma	Pheochromocytoma	Lymphoma	Neuroblastoma	nan	a	Osteogenic sarcoma	General Ophthalmology
Regarding the patient in the previous questions: What is the probability that this child with bilateral retinoblastoma will have an affected child?	40%	6%	1%	0.8	nan	a	40%	General Ophthalmology
Appropriate treatment options for the patient in the previous question include all the following EXCEPT	contact lens wear	corneal wedge resection	astigmatic keratotomy	large (9.5-mm) corneal graft	nan	c	astigmatic keratotomy	General Ophthalmology
Which of the following syndromes of corneal clouding is associated with autosomal recessive inheritance of dwarfism and a normal retina?	Hunter syndrome	Hurler syndrome	Morquio syndrome	Scheie syndrome	nan	c	Morquio syndrome	General Ophthalmology
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of systemic corticosteroids?	liver glycogen depletion	cataracts	sodium retention with potassium loss	decreased resistance to infection	nan	a	liver glycogen depletion	General Ophthalmology
What is the MOST EFFECTIVE antidote for atropine toxicity?	phenobarbital	physostigmine	chorpheniramine	morphine	nan	b	physostigmine	General Ophthalmology
Which of the following will NOT induce an increase in intraocular pressure in the presence of an open angle?	topical administration of corticosteroids	topical administration of sympathomimetic agents	intraocular administration of alpha-chymotrypsin	topical administration of cycloplegic agents	nan	d	topical administration of cycloplegic agents	General Ophthalmology
Identify the INCORRECT answer. Factors associated with risk of high failure of filtering surgery include:	neovascularization of the anterior segment.	chronic uveitis.	failure of previous filtration surgery.	previous conjunctival surgery.	nan	d	previous conjunctival surgery.	General Ophthalmology
Which statement is TRUE regarding the pretreatment of high-risk patients prior to a fluorescein angiogram?	Pretreatment has no effect on the number of repeat allergic reactions.	H1 antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), corticosteroids, or a combination of both greatly reduce the number of repeat allergic reactions.	Vasopressors (dopamine and epinephrine) virtually eliminate repeat allergic reactions.	Pretreatment is indicated only if the physician's office is not equipped with an advanced cardiac life support crash cart.	nan	b	H1 antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), corticosteroids, or a combination of both greatly reduce the number of repeat allergic reactions.	General Ophthalmology
Which of the following is NOT associated with glaucomatocyclitic crisis?	recurrent bouts of inflammation	episodes of increased intraocular pressure	respond poorly to steroids	endstage disease	nan	d	endstage disease	General Ophthalmology
A 55-year-old white female underwent laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy of her right eye. A few hours later, the pupil of her right eye was mid- dilated with an intraocular pressure of 62 mm Hg. The left eye had a normal angle. What is the appropriate treatment?	laser iridotomy of the right eye	timoptic and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor	pilocarpine and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor	timoptic, oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, hyperosomotic agent, cycloplegics, and corticosteroids	nan	d	timoptic, oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, hyperosomotic agent, cycloplegics, and corticosteroids	General Ophthalmology
All of the following statements about epikeratophakia are TRUE EXCEPT	Epikeratoplasty has an extremely high rate of success in children older than 8 years.	Removing an Epikeratoplasty lenticule may cause some refractive change at the corneal plane.	Epikeratoplasty is well suited in the contact lens-intolerant child who is unilaterally aphakic.	A significant complication of Epikeratoplasty is allograft rejection of the lenticule.	nan	d	A significant complication of Epikeratoplasty is allograft rejection of the lenticule.	General Ophthalmology
Ophthalmologic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis may include all the following, EXCEPT:	Secondary Sjögren's syndrome with sicca complex	Scleritis	Episcleritis	Corneal melts	Ischemic optic atrophy	e	Ischemic optic atrophy	General Ophthalmology
You examine a 2-week-old infant and find a dense congenital cataract in the left eye. By what age should the patient be referred for surgical evaluation?	2 weeks	6 months	12 months	24 months	36 months	a	2 weeks	General Ophthalmology
What is the shape of pupil in acute iridocyclitis?	Oval and dilated	Small and irregular	Large and round	nan	nan	b	Small and irregular	General Ophthalmology
Drug of choice in angular conjunctivitis is:	Oxytetracycline	Chloromycetin	Ciprofloxacin	Gentamycin	nan	a	Oxytetracycline	General Ophthalmology
Type of discharge in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis is:	Ropy white discharge,	Purulent discharge,	Mucopurulent discharge,	Orange fluorescent discharge.	nan	a	Ropy white discharge,	General Ophthalmology
Which of the following is contraindicated in the treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma?	Atropine	Pilocarpine	Timolol	Dorzolamide	nan	a	Atropine	General Ophthalmology
Second sight is seen in:	Lental sclerosis,	Morgagnian,	Nuclear cataract,	Cortical cataract.	nan	c	Nuclear cataract,	General Ophthalmology
Rosette shaped cataract is a feature of:	Concussion injury	Diabetes mellitus	Congenital Rubella	Wilson's Disease	nan	b	Diabetes mellitus	General Ophthalmology
After cataract refers to:	Refractive error following cataract surgery	Opacity following ECCE	A complication following ICCE	Intraocular implants after cataract extraction	nan	b	Opacity following ECCE	General Ophthalmology
Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is:	Bilateral & recurrent	Associated with watery colorless secretion	Persists throughout life	Topical steroids are the mainstay of therapy	nan	a	Bilateral & recurrent	General Ophthalmology
Which of the following is a cause of unilateral amblyopia?	Uremia	Meningitis	Hysteria	High anisometropia	nan	d	High anisometropia	General Ophthalmology
A vitreous aspirate has been collected in an emergency at 9 pm. What advice you give to the staff on duty regarding overnight storage of the sample:	The sample should be kept at 4° C	The sample should be incubated at 37° C	The sample should be refrigerated in deep freezer	The sample should be refrigerated for the initial 3 hours and then incubated at 37° C	nan	c	The sample should be refrigerated in deep freezer	General Ophthalmology
A 20-year-old man complains of difficulty in reading the newspaper with his right eye, 3 weeks after sustaining a gunshot injury to his left eye. The most likely diagnosis is:	Macular edema	Sympathetic ophthalmia	Optic nerve avulsion	Delayed Vitreous hemorrhage	nan	b	Sympathetic ophthalmia	General Ophthalmology
A recurrent bilateral conjunctivitis occurring with the onset of hot weather in young boys with symptoms of burning, itching, and lacrimation with raised polygonal areas in the palpebral conjunctiva is:	Trachoma	Phlyctenular conjunctivitis	Mucopurulent conjunctivitis	Vernal keratoconjunctivitis	nan	d	Vernal keratoconjunctivitis	General Ophthalmology
After enucleation of the eyeball, a proper sized artificial prosthetic eye is advised after a postoperative period of:	about 10 days	About 20 days	6 - 8 weeks	12 - 24 weeks	nan	d	12 - 24 weeks	General Ophthalmology
A patient using contact lens develops corneal infection. Laboratory diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis was established. Which of the following is the best drug for treatment?	Propamidine	Neosporin	Ketoconazole	Polyhexamethylene biguanide	nan	a	Propamidine	General Ophthalmology
Hereditary retinoblastomas develop the following chromosomal deletion:	13q14	13p14	14p13	14q13	nan	a	13q14	General Ophthalmology
A 1-year-old child with leukocoria was found to have a unilateral, large retinoblastoma filling half the globe. Current therapy would involve:	Enucleation	Chemotherapy with local dyes	Direct Laser Ablation using photodynamic cryotherapy	Scleral radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy	nan	a	Enucleation	General Ophthalmology
Type IV hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen may manifest as:	Iridocyclitis	Polyarteritis nodosa	Phlyctenular conjunctivitis	Giant cell arteritis	nan	c	Phlyctenular conjunctivitis	General Ophthalmology
In a patient with AIDS, chorioretinitis is typically caused by:	Cytomegalovirus	Toxoplasma gondii	Cryptococcus neoformans	Histoplasma capsulatum	nan	a	Cytomegalovirus	General Ophthalmology
The operation of plication of inferior lid retractors is indicated in:	Senile ectropion	Senile entropion	Cicatricial entropion	Paralytic entropion	nan	b	Senile entropion	General Ophthalmology
Fasanella Servat operation is specifically indicated in:	Congenital ptosis	Steroid induced ptosis	Myasthenia gravis	Horner's syndrome	nan	d	Horner's syndrome	General Ophthalmology
A lady wants LASIK surgery for her daughter. She asks for your opinion. All the following criteria are suitable for performing LASIK, EXCEPT:	Myopia of -4D	Age range 15-20	Stable refraction for 1 year	Corneal thickness of 600 microns	nan	b	Age range 15-20	General Ophthalmology
A child has congenital cataract involving the visual axis which was detected by the parents at birth. This child should undergo surgery:	Between 2-4 Weeks of age	At 2 months of age	At 1 year of age when the globe becomes normal sized	After 4 years of age when the entire ocular and orbital growth become normal	nan	a	Between 2-4 Weeks of age	General Ophthalmology
Vortex vein invasion is commonly seen in:	Retinoblastoma	Malignant melanoma	Optic nerve glioma	Medulloepithelioma	nan	b	Malignant melanoma	General Ophthalmology
The corneal epithelium is:	Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.	Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.	Tall columnar epithelium.	Cuboidal epithelium.	nan	b	Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.	General Ophthalmology
One of these factors contributes to corneal transparency:	Regular arrangement of stromal collagen fibrils.	Intact epithelium and endothelium.	Normal IOP.	All above.	nan	a	Regular arrangement of stromal collagen fibrils.	General Ophthalmology
Endothelial cell layer of the cornea are examined by:	Ophthalmoscope.	Gonioscope.	Specular microscope.	Skiascopy.	nan	c	Specular microscope.	General Ophthalmology
Corneal diameter is measured by:	Slit lamp.	Caliper & Ruler.	Keratometry.	Retinoscopy.	nan	b	Caliper & Ruler.	General Ophthalmology
Corneal thickness is measured by:	Pachymetry.	Biometry.	Keratometry.	Perimetry.	nan	a	Pachymetry.	General Ophthalmology
Corneal power and curvature is measured by:	Topography.	Keratometry.	Slit lamp biomicroscopy.	Both A & B.	nan	d	Both A & B.	General Ophthalmology
Only one organism of the following can invade normal corneal epithelium:	Psuedomonas.	Gonococcus.	Staphylococcus.	Pneumococcus.	nan	b	Gonococcus.	General Ophthalmology
Healing of corneal ulcer results into an opacity because:	New fibres are not regularly arranged.	Basement membrane is not regenerated.	All the above.	None of above.	nan	c	All the above.	General Ophthalmology
The type of corneal opacity that affects vision more is:	Diffuse nebula.	Diffuse macula.	Dense leucoma.	None of the above.	nan	b	Diffuse macula.	General Ophthalmology
Pseudo-cornea is formed of:	All corneal layers.	Three layers namely epithelium, stroma & endothelium.	Stromal layer with epithelium.	Only epithelial layer.	nan	b	Three layers namely epithelium, stroma & endothelium.	General Ophthalmology
All the following are TRUE about hypopyon, EXCEPT:	It is Leucocytosis due to bacterial toxins.	It is fluid & cells.	It is absorbed with therapy.	It is infected fluid containing pus cells.	nan	d	It is infected fluid containing pus cells.	General Ophthalmology
Hypopyon ulcer is most commonly caused by:	Staphylococci.	Streptococci.	Pneumococci.	Gonococci.	nan	c	Pneumococci.	General Ophthalmology
Steroids are indicated topically in:	Hypopyon ulcer.	Dendritic ulcer.	Mycotic ulcer.	Disciform keratitis.	nan	d	Disciform keratitis.	General Ophthalmology
Mooren's ulcer is:	Degenerative ulcer.	Infective ulcer.	Auto immune ulcer.	Neuroparalytic ulcer.	nan	c	Auto immune ulcer.	General Ophthalmology
The reservoir of infection in herpes zoster ophthalmicus is:	Ciliary ganglion.	Gasserian ganglion	Superior cervical ganglion.	Inferior cervical ganglion.	nan	b	Gasserian ganglion	General Ophthalmology
Fleischer's ring on the corneal epithelium is seen in:	Keratoglobus.	Keratoconus.	Keratomalacia	Anterior staphyloma.	nan	b	Keratoconus.	General Ophthalmology
In advanced keratoconus, the best treatment is:	Penetrating keratoplasty.	Soft Contact lenses.	Hard contact lenses.	Refractive surgery.	nan	a	Penetrating keratoplasty.	General Ophthalmology
In recurrent neuroparalytic keratitis the best treatment is:	Antibiotic drops & ointment.	Artificial tears.	Tarsorrhaphy.	Closure of lacrimal puncta.	nan	c	Tarsorrhaphy.	General Ophthalmology
Small peripheral corneal perforation leads to:	Corneal fistula.	Anterior polar cataract.	Peripheral anterior synechia.	Anterior staphyloma.	nan	c	Peripheral anterior synechia.	General Ophthalmology
A patient with corneal ulcer noticed sudden cessation of pain & relieve of other symptoms. The possible occurrence is:	Complete cure.	Perforation.	Endophthalmitis.	Corneal fistula.	nan	a	Complete cure.	General Ophthalmology
Regarding Retinitis Pigmentosa, one of the following is FALSE:	Usually bilateral	Usually hereditary.	Causes nasal step.	Related to usher syndrome	nan	c	Causes nasal step.	General Ophthalmology
Regarding retinoblastoma, one of the following is TRUE:	Amaurotic cat reflex is seen .	Divergent squint is the most common manifestation.	Pseudorosette is specific feature .	Pseudohypopyon is usual manifestation	It is usually calcified .	a	Amaurotic cat reflex is seen .	General Ophthalmology
Central retinal vein occlusion, one of the following is FALSE:	The most common cause in the elderly is hypertension .	90 day glaucoma can occur .	Loss of vision is not as rapid as in retinal artery occlusion	typical fundal picture is thunder blood fundus.	nan	a	The most common cause in the elderly is hypertension .	General Ophthalmology
Regarding the management of retinoblastoma, one of the following is FALSE:	in stage 1 & 2 enucleation is done	in stage 3 exenteration of orbit is done.	Chemotherapy based on vincristine, carboplatin, and etoposide.	Photocoagulation by YAG laser.	nan	d	Photocoagulation by YAG laser.	General Ophthalmology
Regrading ERG, one of the following is FALSE:	There are three wave patterns.	a wave is negative .	c wave is negative deflection.	show characteristic pattern in retinitis pigmentosa.	nan	c	c wave is negative deflection.	General Ophthalmology
Biometry is the:	Measuring the thickness of the cornea	Measuring the curvature of the cornea	Measuring intraocular lens power	Measuring of intraocular lens thickness	nan	a	Measuring the thickness of the cornea	General Ophthalmology
The use of ultrasound in dense cataract is to detect:	Retinal detachment	Macular edema	Central retinal vein occlusion	Intraocular foreign body	nan	a	Retinal detachment	General Ophthalmology
All the following are false about entropion, except:	Inward turning of otherwise normal lid margin towards the globe	Age is not a risk factor	Is preventable	Can not lead to corneal irritation and injury	nan	a	Inward turning of otherwise normal lid margin towards the globe	General Ophthalmology
Which one of the following is not a cause of ectropion?	6th cranial nerve palsy	Aging process	Congenital ectropion	Bell's palsy	nan	a	6th cranial nerve palsy	General Ophthalmology
Which of the following is false regarding conjunctival degeneration?	Surgical removal of pterygium is very effective with low recurrence rate.	Pterygium is related to UV light exposure	Pterygium can extend to the cornea and affect vision	Treatment of pinguecula may include mild topical steroids	nan	a	Surgical removal of pterygium is very effective with low recurrence rate.	General Ophthalmology
What of the following is false regarding subconjunctival hemorrhage?	It may indicate basal skull or orbital fracture if the posterior extension cannot be	It may be a manifestation of intraorbital tumors	Kaposi’s sarcoma can be misdiagnosed as subconjunctival hemorrhage in HIV	Topical steroids and NSAIDs may fasten the resolution	nan	d	Topical steroids and NSAIDs may fasten the resolution	General Ophthalmology
What is the treatment for wet age-related macular disease?	Intravitreous anti-VEGF	Focal/grid laser	Panretinal photocoagulation	Pars plana vitrectomy	nan	a	Intravitreous anti-VEGF	General Ophthalmology
Which of the following is true regarding congenital glaucoma?	Not related to consanguinity	Ca ’t present at birth	Treatment is always surgical	Mostly will develop hypermetropia	nan	c	Treatment is always surgical	General Ophthalmology
All the following are true about primary open-angle glaucoma, except:	Disc cupping	Peripheral visual field defects	Headache	Risk factors include age and race	nan	c	Headache	General Ophthalmology
All the following are true regarding acute narrow-angle glaucoma, except:	Red painful eye	Nausea and vomiting	Disc cupping	Seeing haloes around lights	nan	c	Disc cupping	General Ophthalmology
Which one of the following is not a risk factor for open angle glaucoma?	Family history	White race	Thin central cornea thickness	Black race	nan	b	White race	General Ophthalmology
All the following are causes of excessive tearing except:	Congenital cataract	Congenital obstruction of the punctum	Congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct	Congenital ectropion	Congenital glaucoma	a	Congenital cataract	General Ophthalmology
In which type of cataract can you see the red reflex appearing as peripheral spokes with dark red background:	Sutural cataract	Nuclear cataract	Cortical cataract	Posterior subcapsular cataract	nan	c	Cortical cataract	General Ophthalmology
When a cataractous lens causes glaucoma, it is called:	Phacolytic	Phacomorphic	Phacoantigenic	Hypermature	nan	b	Phacomorphic	General Ophthalmology
Most common benign orbital tumor in children is:	Cavernous hemangioma	Rhabdomyosarcoma	Capillary hemangioma	Dermoid cyst	nan	c	Capillary hemangioma	General Ophthalmology
Myopia with astigmatism is corrected by:	Minus unifocal lens	Minus varifocal lens	Minus cylindrical lens	Plus cylindrical lens	nan	c	Minus cylindrical lens	General Ophthalmology
In hypermetropia, one of the following is true:	Parallel rays fall on a point behind the retina	Parallel rays fall on a point in front of the retina	Parallel rays fall on a point at the retina	Parallel rays fall on a point at the posterior lens capsule	nan	a	Parallel rays fall on a point behind the retina	General Ophthalmology
One of the following is false about the treatment of glaucoma?	Beta blockers are contraindicated in asthma patients.	Alpha-2 agonists are not used for infants.	Prostaglandin analogues decrease the intraocular pressure by increasing the	Parasthesia is a common side effect of acetazolamide	nan	c	Prostaglandin analogues decrease the intraocular pressure by increasing the	General Ophthalmology
All the following are side effects of acetazolamide, except:	Aplastic anemia	Metabolic acidosis	Stevens-Johnson syndrome	Bronchial asthma	nan	d	Bronchial asthma	General Ophthalmology
Which of the following is false regarding choroidal melanoma?	Size and thickness affect the prognosis	Heart is the most common site for metastases	Can be diagnosed accurately with ultrasonography	Lesions masquerading as melanoma include choroidal nevus, and choroidal	nan	b	Heart is the most common site for metastases	General Ophthalmology
One of the following is false regarding the retina.	Consists of ten layers	Transparent	Strongly attached to the retinal pigmented epithelium	The choroid nourishes the deep, outer layers of the retina	nan	c	Strongly attached to the retinal pigmented epithelium	General Ophthalmology
One of the following is true regarding about the foveola?	Nourished by the choroid	Nasal to the optic disc	Rich in rods	Sensitive to dim light	nan	a	Nourished by the choroid	General Ophthalmology
The vitreous body is strongly attached to all the followings, except:	Optic disc	Large vessels	Fovea	Posterior capsule of the lens	nan	a	Optic disc	General Ophthalmology
A 60 year-old female brought by her family to the emergency room complaining of diplopia, ptosis and her family noticed esotropia during the attack. What is the least relevant medical history to this case?	Weakness after minimal exercise as combing her hair.	Weakness is more at the end of the day	She has presbyopia	She suffers from dysphagia and speech difficulty.	nan	c	She has presbyopia	General Ophthalmology
One of the following is false regarding scleritis;	40-57% of patients have system illness	Scleromalacia perforans is the most common type	The main complaint is boring severe pain.	Treated with systemic steroids, NSAIDs and immunosuppressive therapy	nan	b	Scleromalacia perforans is the most common type	General Ophthalmology
One of the following is false regarding episcleritis:	It is interpalpebral	Dull aching pain	Blanch in response to 2.5% phenylephrine topically	Mostly idiopathic	nan	b	Dull aching pain	General Ophthalmology

What structure is deep to the plane of the facial nerve branches in the lower face?

Masseter muscle

Parotidomasseteric fascia

Deep temporal fascia

Parotid glans

nan

a

Masseter muscle

General Ophthalmology

A one-year-old presents with a round, well-demarcated mass at the superotemporal rim. The lesion has been present since birth. The most likely diagnosis is

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Neurofibroma

Dermoid cyst

Capillary hemangioma

nan

c

Dermoid cyst

General Ophthalmology

During the past three months, a 65-year-old woman has had three 20- minute episodes of visual disturbance while reading. At the outset, letters appear to break up, then a shimmering paracentral light in the right homonymous field slowly enlarges and becomes defined by jagged, sharp edges as it moves to the periphery. There are no neurologic symptoms before, after, or during the attacks, and results of general, ophthalmologic, and neurologic examinations are normal. There is a strong family history of migraine, but the patient reports no personal history of migraine. What test(s) should be performed?

a CT scan

a 2D echocardiogram

a digital subtraction angiogram

an electroencephalogram

nan

c

a digital subtraction angiogram

General Ophthalmology

A one-year-old child is examined and found to have a retinoblastoma in the left eye with diffuse vitreous seeding. The other eye is normal. What is the MOST APPROPRIATE management for the tumor?

enucleation

exenteration

cobalt plaque

irradiation

nan

a

enucleation

General Ophthalmology

What is the MAJOR factor responsible for decreased vision in patients with chronic peripheral uveitis (pars planitis syndrome chronic cyclitis)?

posterior subcapsular cataract

vitreous cells and debris

corneal edema

macular edema

nan

d

macular edema

General Ophthalmology

Which of all the following uveitides is NOT bilateral?

toxoplasmosis

toxocariasis

juvenile arthritis with uveitis

pars planitis

nan

b

toxocariasis

General Ophthalmology

Which of the following CANNOT be used to test for ARC?

Worth four-dot test

Major amblyoscope test

Titmus stereo test

Cuppers monocular afterimage test

nan

c

Titmus stereo test

General Ophthalmology

After a 6-mm bilateral lateral rectus recession for an intermittent exotropia of 25 prism diopters, the patient develops an esotropia of 40A with constant diplopia and inability to abduct OD beyond the midline. The MOST likely cause is

Muscle slippage or loss

Accommodative spasm

Surgical increase in AC/A ratio

Inadvertent trauma to right sixth nerve during surgery

nan

a

Muscle slippage or loss

General Ophthalmology

A permanent decrease in vision secondary to monocular trabeculodysgenesis (primary infantile glaucoma) is MOST COMMONLY caused by which of the following?

corneal haze

cataract formation

anisometropic amblyopia

aniseikonia

nan

c

anisometropic amblyopia

General Ophthalmology

All of the following are histopathologic manifestations of angle recession EXCEPT:

a cleavage plane between longitudinal ciliary body fibers and sclera.

atrophy of the ciliary muscle fibers.

change in the ciliary body shape from triangular to fusiform.

posterolateral displacement of ciliary processes.

nan

a

a cleavage plane between longitudinal ciliary body fibers and sclera.

General Ophthalmology

A 3-year-old patient presents with bilateral leukocoria. What is the LEAST likely diagnosis?

Congenital cataracts

Retinoblastoma

Retinopathy of prematurity

Metastasis

nan

d

Metastasis

General Ophthalmology

Regarding the patient in the previous questions: Which one of the following is NOT an indicator of a poorer prognosis?

Extrascleral extension

Tumor cells through the lamina cribrosa of optic nerve

Bilateral involvement

Tumor diameter greater than 10 DD

nan

d

Tumor diameter greater than 10 DD

General Ophthalmology

Regarding the patient in the previous questions: What type of secondary tumors are these patients at HIGHEST risk for?

Osteogenic sarcoma

Pheochromocytoma

Lymphoma

Neuroblastoma

nan

a

Osteogenic sarcoma

General Ophthalmology

Regarding the patient in the previous questions: What is the probability that this child with bilateral retinoblastoma will have an affected child?

40%

6%

1%

0.8

nan

a

40%

General Ophthalmology

Appropriate treatment options for the patient in the previous question include all the following EXCEPT

contact lens wear

corneal wedge resection

astigmatic keratotomy

large (9.5-mm) corneal graft

nan

c

astigmatic keratotomy

General Ophthalmology

Which of the following syndromes of corneal clouding is associated with autosomal recessive inheritance of dwarfism and a normal retina?

Hunter syndrome

Hurler syndrome

Morquio syndrome

Scheie syndrome

nan

c

Morquio syndrome

General Ophthalmology

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of systemic corticosteroids?

liver glycogen depletion

cataracts

sodium retention with potassium loss

decreased resistance to infection

nan

a

liver glycogen depletion

General Ophthalmology

What is the MOST EFFECTIVE antidote for atropine toxicity?

phenobarbital

physostigmine

chorpheniramine

morphine

nan

b

physostigmine

General Ophthalmology

Which of the following will NOT induce an increase in intraocular pressure in the presence of an open angle?

topical administration of corticosteroids

topical administration of sympathomimetic agents

intraocular administration of alpha-chymotrypsin

topical administration of cycloplegic agents

nan

d

topical administration of cycloplegic agents

General Ophthalmology

Identify the INCORRECT answer. Factors associated with risk of high failure of filtering surgery include:

neovascularization of the anterior segment.

chronic uveitis.

failure of previous filtration surgery.

previous conjunctival surgery.

nan

d

previous conjunctival surgery.

General Ophthalmology

Which statement is TRUE regarding the pretreatment of high-risk patients prior to a fluorescein angiogram?

Pretreatment has no effect on the number of repeat allergic reactions.

H1 antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), corticosteroids, or a combination of both greatly reduce the number of repeat allergic reactions.

Vasopressors (dopamine and epinephrine) virtually eliminate repeat allergic reactions.

Pretreatment is indicated only if the physician's office is not equipped with an advanced cardiac life support crash cart.

nan

b

H1 antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine), corticosteroids, or a combination of both greatly reduce the number of repeat allergic reactions.

General Ophthalmology

Which of the following is NOT associated with glaucomatocyclitic crisis?

recurrent bouts of inflammation

episodes of increased intraocular pressure

respond poorly to steroids

endstage disease

nan

d

endstage disease

General Ophthalmology

A 55-year-old white female underwent laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy of her right eye. A few hours later, the pupil of her right eye was mid- dilated with an intraocular pressure of 62 mm Hg. The left eye had a normal angle. What is the appropriate treatment?

laser iridotomy of the right eye

timoptic and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

pilocarpine and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

timoptic, oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, hyperosomotic agent, cycloplegics, and corticosteroids

nan

d

timoptic, oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, hyperosomotic agent, cycloplegics, and corticosteroids

General Ophthalmology

All of the following statements about epikeratophakia are TRUE EXCEPT

Epikeratoplasty has an extremely high rate of success in children older than 8 years.

Removing an Epikeratoplasty lenticule may cause some refractive change at the corneal plane.

Epikeratoplasty is well suited in the contact lens-intolerant child who is unilaterally aphakic.

A significant complication of Epikeratoplasty is allograft rejection of the lenticule.

nan

d

A significant complication of Epikeratoplasty is allograft rejection of the lenticule.

General Ophthalmology

Ophthalmologic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis may include all the following, EXCEPT:

Secondary Sjögren's syndrome with sicca complex

Scleritis

Episcleritis

Corneal melts

Ischemic optic atrophy

e

Ischemic optic atrophy

General Ophthalmology

You examine a 2-week-old infant and find a dense congenital cataract in the left eye. By what age should the patient be referred for surgical evaluation?

2 weeks

6 months

12 months

24 months

36 months

a

2 weeks

General Ophthalmology

What is the shape of pupil in acute iridocyclitis?

Oval and dilated

Small and irregular

Large and round

nan

b

Small and irregular

General Ophthalmology

Drug of choice in angular conjunctivitis is:

Oxytetracycline

Chloromycetin

Ciprofloxacin

Gentamycin

nan

a

Oxytetracycline

General Ophthalmology

Type of discharge in Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis is:

Ropy white discharge,

Purulent discharge,

Mucopurulent discharge,

Orange fluorescent discharge.

nan

a

Ropy white discharge,

General Ophthalmology

Which of the following is contraindicated in the treatment of acute angle closure glaucoma?

Atropine

Pilocarpine

Timolol

Dorzolamide

nan

a

Atropine

General Ophthalmology

Second sight is seen in:

Lental sclerosis,

Morgagnian,

Nuclear cataract,

Cortical cataract.

nan

c

Nuclear cataract,

General Ophthalmology

Rosette shaped cataract is a feature of:

Concussion injury

Diabetes mellitus

Congenital Rubella

Wilson's Disease

nan

b

Diabetes mellitus

General Ophthalmology

After cataract refers to:

Refractive error following cataract surgery

Opacity following ECCE

A complication following ICCE

Intraocular implants after cataract extraction

nan

b

Opacity following ECCE

General Ophthalmology

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is:

Bilateral & recurrent

Associated with watery colorless secretion

Persists throughout life

Topical steroids are the mainstay of therapy

nan

a

Bilateral & recurrent

General Ophthalmology

Which of the following is a cause of unilateral amblyopia?

Uremia

Meningitis

Hysteria

High anisometropia

nan

d

High anisometropia

General Ophthalmology

A vitreous aspirate has been collected in an emergency at 9 pm. What advice you give to the staff on duty regarding overnight storage of the sample:

The sample should be kept at 4° C

The sample should be incubated at 37° C

The sample should be refrigerated in deep freezer

The sample should be refrigerated for the initial 3 hours and then incubated at 37° C

nan

c

The sample should be refrigerated in deep freezer

General Ophthalmology

A 20-year-old man complains of difficulty in reading the newspaper with his right eye, 3 weeks after sustaining a gunshot injury to his left eye. The most likely diagnosis is:

Macular edema

Sympathetic ophthalmia

Optic nerve avulsion

Delayed Vitreous hemorrhage

nan

b

Sympathetic ophthalmia

General Ophthalmology

A recurrent bilateral conjunctivitis occurring with the onset of hot weather in young boys with symptoms of burning, itching, and lacrimation with raised polygonal areas in the palpebral conjunctiva is:

Trachoma

Phlyctenular conjunctivitis

Mucopurulent conjunctivitis

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

nan

d

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

General Ophthalmology

After enucleation of the eyeball, a proper sized artificial prosthetic eye is advised after a postoperative period of:

about 10 days

About 20 days

6 - 8 weeks

12 - 24 weeks

nan

d

12 - 24 weeks

General Ophthalmology

A patient using contact lens develops corneal infection. Laboratory diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis was established. Which of the following is the best drug for treatment?

Propamidine

Neosporin

Ketoconazole

Polyhexamethylene biguanide

nan

a

Propamidine

General Ophthalmology

Hereditary retinoblastomas develop the following chromosomal deletion:

13q14

13p14

14p13

14q13

nan

a

13q14

General Ophthalmology

A 1-year-old child with leukocoria was found to have a unilateral, large retinoblastoma filling half the globe. Current therapy would involve:

Enucleation

Chemotherapy with local dyes

Direct Laser Ablation using photodynamic cryotherapy

Scleral radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy

nan

a

Enucleation

General Ophthalmology

Type IV hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen may manifest as:

Iridocyclitis

Polyarteritis nodosa

Phlyctenular conjunctivitis

Giant cell arteritis

nan

c

Phlyctenular conjunctivitis

General Ophthalmology

In a patient with AIDS, chorioretinitis is typically caused by:

Cytomegalovirus

Toxoplasma gondii

Cryptococcus neoformans

Histoplasma capsulatum

nan

a

Cytomegalovirus

General Ophthalmology

The operation of plication of inferior lid retractors is indicated in:

Senile ectropion

Senile entropion

Cicatricial entropion

Paralytic entropion

nan

b

Senile entropion

General Ophthalmology

Fasanella Servat operation is specifically indicated in:

Congenital ptosis

Steroid induced ptosis

Myasthenia gravis

Horner's syndrome

nan

d

Horner's syndrome

General Ophthalmology

A lady wants LASIK surgery for her daughter. She asks for your opinion. All the following criteria are suitable for performing LASIK, EXCEPT:

Myopia of -4D

Age range 15-20

Stable refraction for 1 year

Corneal thickness of 600 microns

nan

b

Age range 15-20

General Ophthalmology

A child has congenital cataract involving the visual axis which was detected by the parents at birth. This child should undergo surgery:

Between 2-4 Weeks of age

At 2 months of age

At 1 year of age when the globe becomes normal sized

After 4 years of age when the entire ocular and orbital growth become normal

nan

a

Between 2-4 Weeks of age

General Ophthalmology

Vortex vein invasion is commonly seen in:

Retinoblastoma

Malignant melanoma

Optic nerve glioma

Medulloepithelioma

nan

b

Malignant melanoma

General Ophthalmology

The corneal epithelium is:

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Tall columnar epithelium.

Cuboidal epithelium.

nan

b

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

General Ophthalmology

One of these factors contributes to corneal transparency:

Regular arrangement of stromal collagen fibrils.

Intact epithelium and endothelium.

Normal IOP.

All above.

nan

a

Regular arrangement of stromal collagen fibrils.

General Ophthalmology

Endothelial cell layer of the cornea are examined by:

Ophthalmoscope.

Gonioscope.

Specular microscope.

Skiascopy.

nan

c

Specular microscope.

General Ophthalmology

Corneal diameter is measured by:

Slit lamp.

Caliper & Ruler.

Keratometry.

Retinoscopy.

nan

b

Caliper & Ruler.

General Ophthalmology

Corneal thickness is measured by:

Pachymetry.

Biometry.

Keratometry.

Perimetry.

nan

a

Pachymetry.

General Ophthalmology

Corneal power and curvature is measured by:

Topography.

Keratometry.

Slit lamp biomicroscopy.

Both A & B.

nan

d

Both A & B.

General Ophthalmology

Only one organism of the following can invade normal corneal epithelium:

Psuedomonas.

Gonococcus.

Staphylococcus.

Pneumococcus.

nan

b

Gonococcus.

General Ophthalmology

Healing of corneal ulcer results into an opacity because:

New fibres are not regularly arranged.

Basement membrane is not regenerated.

All the above.

None of above.

nan

c

All the above.

General Ophthalmology

The type of corneal opacity that affects vision more is:

Diffuse nebula.

Diffuse macula.

Dense leucoma.

None of the above.

nan

b

Diffuse macula.

General Ophthalmology

Pseudo-cornea is formed of:

All corneal layers.

Three layers namely epithelium, stroma & endothelium.

Stromal layer with epithelium.

Only epithelial layer.

nan

b

Three layers namely epithelium, stroma & endothelium.

General Ophthalmology

All the following are TRUE about hypopyon, EXCEPT:

It is Leucocytosis due to bacterial toxins.

It is fluid & cells.

It is absorbed with therapy.

It is infected fluid containing pus cells.

nan

d

It is infected fluid containing pus cells.

General Ophthalmology

Hypopyon ulcer is most commonly caused by:

Staphylococci.

Streptococci.

Pneumococci.

Gonococci.

nan

c

Pneumococci.

General Ophthalmology

Steroids are indicated topically in:

Hypopyon ulcer.

Dendritic ulcer.

Mycotic ulcer.

Disciform keratitis.

nan

d

Disciform keratitis.

General Ophthalmology

Mooren's ulcer is:

Degenerative ulcer.

Infective ulcer.

Auto immune ulcer.

Neuroparalytic ulcer.

nan

c

Auto immune ulcer.

General Ophthalmology

The reservoir of infection in herpes zoster ophthalmicus is:

Ciliary ganglion.

Gasserian ganglion

Superior cervical ganglion.

Inferior cervical ganglion.

nan

b

Gasserian ganglion

General Ophthalmology

Fleischer's ring on the corneal epithelium is seen in:

Keratoglobus.

Keratoconus.

Keratomalacia

Anterior staphyloma.

nan

b

Keratoconus.

General Ophthalmology

In advanced keratoconus, the best treatment is:

Penetrating keratoplasty.

Soft Contact lenses.

Hard contact lenses.

Refractive surgery.

nan

a

Penetrating keratoplasty.

General Ophthalmology

In recurrent neuroparalytic keratitis the best treatment is:

Antibiotic drops & ointment.

Artificial tears.

Tarsorrhaphy.

Closure of lacrimal puncta.

nan

c

Tarsorrhaphy.

General Ophthalmology

Small peripheral corneal perforation leads to:

Corneal fistula.

Anterior polar cataract.

Peripheral anterior synechia.

Anterior staphyloma.

nan

c

Peripheral anterior synechia.

General Ophthalmology

A patient with corneal ulcer noticed sudden cessation of pain & relieve of other symptoms. The possible occurrence is:

Complete cure.

Perforation.

Endophthalmitis.

Corneal fistula.

nan

a

Complete cure.

General Ophthalmology

Regarding Retinitis Pigmentosa, one of the following is FALSE:

Usually bilateral

Usually hereditary.

Causes nasal step.

Related to usher syndrome

nan

c

Causes nasal step.

General Ophthalmology

Regarding retinoblastoma, one of the following is TRUE:

Amaurotic cat reflex is seen .

Divergent squint is the most common manifestation.

Pseudorosette is specific feature .

Pseudohypopyon is usual manifestation

It is usually calcified .

a

Amaurotic cat reflex is seen .

General Ophthalmology

Central retinal vein occlusion, one of the following is FALSE:

The most common cause in the elderly is hypertension .

90 day glaucoma can occur .

Loss of vision is not as rapid as in retinal artery occlusion

typical fundal picture is thunder blood fundus.

nan

a

The most common cause in the elderly is hypertension .

General Ophthalmology

Regarding the management of retinoblastoma, one of the following is FALSE:

in stage 1 & 2 enucleation is done

in stage 3 exenteration of orbit is done.

Chemotherapy based on vincristine, carboplatin, and etoposide.

Photocoagulation by YAG laser.

nan

d

Photocoagulation by YAG laser.

General Ophthalmology

Regrading ERG, one of the following is FALSE:

There are three wave patterns.

a wave is negative .

c wave is negative deflection.

show characteristic pattern in retinitis pigmentosa.

nan

c

c wave is negative deflection.

General Ophthalmology

Biometry is the:

Measuring the thickness of the cornea

Measuring the curvature of the cornea

Measuring intraocular lens power

Measuring of intraocular lens thickness

nan

a

Measuring the thickness of the cornea

General Ophthalmology

The use of ultrasound in dense cataract is to detect:

Retinal detachment

Macular edema

Central retinal vein occlusion

Intraocular foreign body

nan

a

Retinal detachment

General Ophthalmology

All the following are false about entropion, except:

Inward turning of otherwise normal lid margin towards the globe

Age is not a risk factor

Is preventable

Can not lead to corneal irritation and injury

nan

a

Inward turning of otherwise normal lid margin towards the globe

General Ophthalmology

Which one of the following is not a cause of ectropion?

6th cranial nerve palsy

Aging process

Congenital ectropion

Bell's palsy

nan

a

6th cranial nerve palsy

General Ophthalmology

Which of the following is false regarding conjunctival degeneration?

Surgical removal of pterygium is very effective with low recurrence rate.

Pterygium is related to UV light exposure

Pterygium can extend to the cornea and affect vision

Treatment of pinguecula may include mild topical steroids

nan

a

Surgical removal of pterygium is very effective with low recurrence rate.

General Ophthalmology

What of the following is false regarding subconjunctival hemorrhage?

It may indicate basal skull or orbital fracture if the posterior extension cannot be

It may be a manifestation of intraorbital tumors

Kaposi’s sarcoma can be misdiagnosed as subconjunctival hemorrhage in HIV

Topical steroids and NSAIDs may fasten the resolution

nan

d

Topical steroids and NSAIDs may fasten the resolution

General Ophthalmology

What is the treatment for wet age-related macular disease?

Intravitreous anti-VEGF

Focal/grid laser

Panretinal photocoagulation

Pars plana vitrectomy

nan

a

Intravitreous anti-VEGF

General Ophthalmology

Which of the following is true regarding congenital glaucoma?

Not related to consanguinity

Ca ’t present at birth

Treatment is always surgical

Mostly will develop hypermetropia

nan

c

Treatment is always surgical

General Ophthalmology

All the following are true about primary open-angle glaucoma, except:

Disc cupping

Peripheral visual field defects

Headache

Risk factors include age and race

nan

c

Headache

General Ophthalmology

All the following are true regarding acute narrow-angle glaucoma, except:

Red painful eye

Nausea and vomiting

Disc cupping

Seeing haloes around lights

nan

c

Disc cupping

General Ophthalmology

Which one of the following is not a risk factor for open angle glaucoma?

Family history

White race

Thin central cornea thickness

Black race

nan

b

White race

General Ophthalmology

All the following are causes of excessive tearing except:

Congenital cataract

Congenital obstruction of the punctum

Congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct

Congenital ectropion

Congenital glaucoma

a

Congenital cataract

General Ophthalmology

In which type of cataract can you see the red reflex appearing as peripheral spokes with dark red background:

Sutural cataract

Nuclear cataract

Cortical cataract

Posterior subcapsular cataract

nan

c

Cortical cataract

General Ophthalmology

When a cataractous lens causes glaucoma, it is called:

Phacolytic

Phacomorphic

Phacoantigenic

Hypermature

nan

b

Phacomorphic

General Ophthalmology

Most common benign orbital tumor in children is:

Cavernous hemangioma

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Capillary hemangioma

Dermoid cyst

nan

c

Capillary hemangioma

General Ophthalmology

Myopia with astigmatism is corrected by:

Minus unifocal lens

Minus varifocal lens

Minus cylindrical lens

Plus cylindrical lens

nan

c

Minus cylindrical lens

General Ophthalmology

In hypermetropia, one of the following is true:

Parallel rays fall on a point behind the retina

Parallel rays fall on a point in front of the retina

Parallel rays fall on a point at the retina

Parallel rays fall on a point at the posterior lens capsule

nan

a

Parallel rays fall on a point behind the retina

General Ophthalmology

One of the following is false about the treatment of glaucoma?

Beta blockers are contraindicated in asthma patients.

Alpha-2 agonists are not used for infants.

Prostaglandin analogues decrease the intraocular pressure by increasing the

Parasthesia is a common side effect of acetazolamide

nan

c

Prostaglandin analogues decrease the intraocular pressure by increasing the

General Ophthalmology

All the following are side effects of acetazolamide, except:

Aplastic anemia

Metabolic acidosis

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Bronchial asthma

nan

d

Bronchial asthma

General Ophthalmology

Which of the following is false regarding choroidal melanoma?

Size and thickness affect the prognosis

Heart is the most common site for metastases

Can be diagnosed accurately with ultrasonography

Lesions masquerading as melanoma include choroidal nevus, and choroidal

nan

b

Heart is the most common site for metastases

General Ophthalmology

One of the following is false regarding the retina.

Consists of ten layers

Transparent

Strongly attached to the retinal pigmented epithelium

The choroid nourishes the deep, outer layers of the retina

nan

c

Strongly attached to the retinal pigmented epithelium

General Ophthalmology

One of the following is true regarding about the foveola?

Nourished by the choroid

Nasal to the optic disc

Rich in rods

Sensitive to dim light

nan

a

Nourished by the choroid

General Ophthalmology

The vitreous body is strongly attached to all the followings, except:

Optic disc

Large vessels

Fovea

Posterior capsule of the lens

nan

a

Optic disc

General Ophthalmology

A 60 year-old female brought by her family to the emergency room complaining of diplopia, ptosis and her family noticed esotropia during the attack. What is the least relevant medical history to this case?

Weakness after minimal exercise as combing her hair.

Weakness is more at the end of the day

She has presbyopia

She suffers from dysphagia and speech difficulty.

nan

c

She has presbyopia

General Ophthalmology

One of the following is false regarding scleritis;

40-57% of patients have system illness

Scleromalacia perforans is the most common type

The main complaint is boring severe pain.

Treated with systemic steroids, NSAIDs and immunosuppressive therapy

nan

b

Scleromalacia perforans is the most common type

General Ophthalmology

One of the following is false regarding episcleritis:

It is interpalpebral

Dull aching pain

Blanch in response to 2.5% phenylephrine topically

Mostly idiopathic

nan

b

Dull aching pain

General Ophthalmology