instruction stringlengths 225 2.35k | input stringlengths 89 1.5k | response stringclasses 698 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further demonstrate Borrelia membrane damage, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions and visualized by negative stain using an electron microscope.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: borrelia
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To further demonstrate Borrelia membrane damage, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions and visualized by negative stain using an electron microscope.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borrelia
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To date, the most definitive work has been done on E. coli.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia phage
B: escherichia
C: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
D: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
E: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It seems clear from several studies that the most physiologically relevant target of ROS in E. coli is DNA.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
B: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
C: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
D: unspecified coliform bacterium
E: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These observations are critical in beginning to understand the oxidative damage/targets in B. burgdorferi.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It has been shown in E. coli that the free-iron pool size determines the rate of oxidative DNA damage.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia sp.
B: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
C: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
D: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
E: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, in wild-type E. coli, free iron levels are estimated to be 10 µM, yet H2O2 is only mildly genotoxic (Keyer and Imlay, 1996).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
B: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
C: escherichia
D: unspecified coliform bacterium
E: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, in E. coli Fur- mutants, intracellular iron concentration increases eightfold while survival is 10-fold lower when cells are exposed to H2O2.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
B: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
C: escherichia phage
D: unspecified coliform bacterium
E: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because B. burgdorferi cells do not contain detectable levels of intracellular Fe, it seems unlikely that DNA is a major target for damage via the Fenton reaction in this bacterium (Posey and Gherardini, 2000).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
B: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borreliales bacterium
D: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
E: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'When B. burgdorferi cells were exposed to high concentrations of ROS (e.g. H2O2), there was no effect on the spontaneous mutation rate (Fig. 2A) or the number of DNA lesions (AP sites or 8-oxoguanine) (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
B: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
C: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It should be noted that in these experiments, a wild-type strain of B. burgdorferi was used and presumably all of the endogenous oxidative stress enzymes were expressed.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliales bacterium
B: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
D: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, we do not believe this to be the case as the concentration of oxidants used in these experiments were significantly higher than concentrations known to cause DNA damage in E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia sp.
B: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
C: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
D: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, we do not believe this to be the case as the concentration of oxidants used in these experiments were significantly higher than concentrations known to cause DNA damage in E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
B: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
C: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
D: escherichia sp.
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The lack of detectable DNA damage in B. burgdorferi cells under the conditions tested could be the result of very efficient DNA repair systems.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
C: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
D: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borreliales bacterium
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bacteria, such as E. coli, harbour genes encoding repair enzymes (i.e. MutM, MutY, Ung, AlkA, MutS, MutL, ExoIII, EndoVIII, PolI, RecJ).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
B: unspecified coliform bacterium
C: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
D: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: escherichia phage
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Interestingly, the B. burgdorferi genome does not contain genes encoding homologues of MutM, MutY or EndoVIII, suggesting that it would be difficult for the cells to efficiently repair 8-oxoguanine sites using this pathway.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) (aka borreliella)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. burgdorferi does harbour the genes encoding the enzymes Ung (monofunctional gylcosylase, BB0053), MutS (BB0797, BB0098), MutL (BB0211), ExoIII (BB0114), PolI (BB0548), LigI (BB0552) and RecJ (BB0254) (Fraser et al., 1997) which are involved in excision and repair, via S-BER or L-BER, of deaminated, alkylated, methylated or mismatched bases.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
C: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
D: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
E: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clearly, these repair systems in B. burgdorferi do not seem as robust at defending against oxidation of DNA as those described in E. coli.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; e. coli]
<Options>: A: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
B: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
C: bacillus coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
E: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
F: escherichia phage
G: enterobacterales (enterobacteriaceae and related endosymbionts) (aka enterobacterales)
H: borreliales bacterium
I: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
J: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
K: None of the above. | [J; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Clearly, these repair systems in B. burgdorferi do not seem as robust at defending against oxidation of DNA as those described in E. coli.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; e. coli]
<Options>: A: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
B: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
C: borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) (aka borreliella)
D: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
E: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
F: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
G: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
H: escherichia phage
I: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
J: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
K: None of the above. | [J; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The lack of key repair enzymes in this system may indicate that B. burgdorferi DNA is not subjected to the same challenge from ROS as is E. coli.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia phage
B: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
C: borreliales bacterium
D: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
E: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
F: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
G: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
H: unspecified coliform bacterium
I: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
J: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
K: None of the above. | [I; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The lack of key repair enzymes in this system may indicate that B. burgdorferi DNA is not subjected to the same challenge from ROS as is E. coli.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; e. coli]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: unspecified coliform bacterium
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
F: escherichia phage
G: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
H: borreliales bacterium
I: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
J: None of the above. | [J; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The lack of key repair enzymes in this system may indicate that B. burgdorferi DNA is not subjected to the same challenge from ROS as is E. coli.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia sp.
B: escherichia phage
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
G: escherichia coli (escherichia/shigella coli) (aka escherichia coli)
H: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
I: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
J: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
K: None of the above. | [E; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast to most bacteria, B. burgdorferi membranes contained significant levels of unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid, which were derived from the growth media (Table 1).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
B: borreliales bacterium
C: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
D: borrelia
E: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Thus, it seemed possible that lipids and/or proteins rather than DNA are the primary targets of ROS in B. burgdorferi.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
B: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
C: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
E: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As B. burgdorferi may be exposed to potentially harmful oxygen species at different stages of the infective cycle, the ability to protect its membrane lipids from ROS should be required for survival in the different host environments.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
C: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
D: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
E: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In H. pylori, lipid hydroperoxide levels in ahpC mutants are approximately three times higher than in wild-type cells, suggesting a role for AhpC in reducing organic peroxides (Wang et al., 2006a,b).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [h. pylori]
<Options>: A: helicobacter cholecystus
B: helicobacter pylori (strain ss1) (aka helicobacter pylori ss1)
C: helicobacter bilis
D: helicobacter canis
E: campylobacter pyloridis (aka helicobacter pylori)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In exponentially growing E. coli, Imlay and Fridovich (1991) have shown that both O2- and H2O2 are generated by the autoxidation of components of the respiratory chain during oxygen metabolism.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
B: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
C: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
D: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
E: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, B. burgdorferi is very metabolically limited and has no enzymes for the TCA cycle or respiration.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
C: borreliales bacterium
D: borreliella (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) (aka borreliella)
E: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, the current practice of growing B. burgdorferi under atmospheric oxygen could itself be unintentionally compromising cell integrity during in vitro manipulations.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia
B: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
C: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
D: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analyses of the B. burgdorferi genome indicates that only a few genes encoding putative oxidative stress/intracellular redox proteins (SodA, NapA, BosR, CoADR, Trx and TrxR)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
C: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
D: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
E: borrelia
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Analyses of the B. burgdorferi genome indicates that only a few genes encoding putative oxidative stress/intracellular redox proteins (SodA, NapA, BosR, CoADR, Trx and TrxR)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
B: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
C: borrelia
D: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Despite this apparent ‘deficiency’ in the number of ROS-protective enzymes, B. burgdorferi cells appear to be able to cope with physiologically relevant levels of ROS.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
B: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
C: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'There are several factors that would contribute to this phenomenon: (i) as B. burgdorferi does not harbour the genes encoding respiratory enzymes nor metabolize oxygen, it seems unlikely that significant levels of ROS are generated via the incomplete reduction of O2 during cellular metabolism.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
C: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
D: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
E: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This would suggest that potential ROS challenges to B. burgdorferi would come almost completely from extracellular sources with little contribution from intracellularly generated ROS; (ii) owing to a lack of understanding of the physiological conditions in vector and host tissues infected with B. burgdorferi, it is difficult to assess the levels and/or sites of the potential ROS challenge during the infective cycle and (iii) most importantly, analyses of the potential targets for ROS in B. burgdorferi strongly suggested that the major targets of oxidative damage are different and perhaps less extensive in this bacterium than in other bacterial pathogens (e.g. E. coli).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; e. coli]
<Options>: A: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
B: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
D: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
E: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: borrelia
G: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
H: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
I: escherichia phage
J: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
K: None of the above. | [B; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This would suggest that potential ROS challenges to B. burgdorferi would come almost completely from extracellular sources with little contribution from intracellularly generated ROS; (ii) owing to a lack of understanding of the physiological conditions in vector and host tissues infected with B. burgdorferi, it is difficult to assess the levels and/or sites of the potential ROS challenge during the infective cycle and (iii) most importantly, analyses of the potential targets for ROS in B. burgdorferi strongly suggested that the major targets of oxidative damage are different and perhaps less extensive in this bacterium than in other bacterial pathogens (e.g. E. coli).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi; e. coli]
<Options>: A: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
B: unspecified coliform bacterium
C: borrelia
D: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
E: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
F: lyme disease spirochete (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
G: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
H: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
I: borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (aka borreliella)
J: bacillus coli (aka escherichia coli)
K: None of the above. | [F; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Taken together, this suggests that B. burgdorferi would be innately more resistant to ROS and require a less extensive repertoire of enzymes to protect the cells from oxidative damage.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
B: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borreliales bacterium
D: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
E: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Experimental procedures
Strains, growth conditions and reagents
Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31A3 and strain B314 (Sadziene et al., 1993) were grown in modified BSK-II (Barbour, 1984) medium at 34°C under an atmosphere of 0–20% O2 with 5% CO2 and the balance N2.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borreliella genomosp. 1 (borreliella genomospecies 1) (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
C: borrelia burgdorferi b31 (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
D: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
E: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'E. coli strain Top10, strain TA4315 (ahpCF) (Storz et al., 1989) and CM1319 (mutM) (Bridges et al., 1996) were grown in Luria–Bertani (LB) at 37°C with shaking.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia
B: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
C: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: unspecified coliform bacterium
E: escherichia sp.
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Per cent survivability assays
Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1 in BSK II under microaerobic (3% O2) conditions, the culture split and the cells treated with varying concentrations of oxidants (0–50 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide or H2O2) at 34°C for 4 h. After the incubation, cells were diluted in fresh BSK II, plated on BSK plates and incubated 7–14 days at 34°C.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
B: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
C: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
D: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
E: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Per cent survivability assays
Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1 in BSK II under microaerobic (3% O2) conditions, the culture split and the cells treated with varying concentrations of oxidants (0–50 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide or H2O2) at 34°C for 4 h. After the incubation, cells were diluted in fresh BSK II, plated on BSK plates and incubated 7–14 days at 34°C.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella americana (borrelia americana) (aka borreliella americana)
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: borrelia burgdorferi group (aka borreliella)
D: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Determination of the spontaneous mutation rate
To determine spontaneous resistance to coumermycin A1, B. burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown under microaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1 and treated with 5 mM H2O2 for 1 h at 34°C.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
B: borreliales bacterium
C: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
E: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Measurement of DNA base lesions
Borrelia burgdorferi B31A3 cells were grown in BSK-II under microaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1, treated with various oxidants (1 or 10 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide, 1 or 10 mM H2O2, 10 mM paraquat or lipoxidase) for 4 h and total DNA was isolated using Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega Corp., Madison, WI).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
B: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
C: borreliales bacterium
D: borrelia
E: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a control, E. coli TA4315 cells were grown in minimal media to OD600 of 0.4, treated with 0 or 100 µM H2O2 for 30 min and DNA isolated.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia
B: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
C: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
D: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
E: escherichia faecalis ('escherichia faecalis') (aka escherichia faecalis)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'B. burgdorferi strain B314 cells were grown under microaerobic conditions and DNA isolated.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliales bacterium
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
D: borrelia genomosp. 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
E: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the amount of 8-oxoguanine in B. burgdorferi DNA, cells were grown and treated as described above and DNA isolated.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
C: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
D: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
E: borrelia
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a control, E. coli CM1319 (mutM) cells were grown in LB to OD600 of 0.4, treated with 0 or 100 µM H2O2 for 1 h and DNA isolated.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
B: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
C: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: escherichia phage
E: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Lipid analyses
To determine fatty acid content in B. burgdorferi total membranes, B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown under anaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1, harvested by centrifugation (5000 g, 15 min, 4°C) and washed two times with HN (20 mM NaCl, 50 mM Hepes, pH 7.6) buffer.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borrelia americana (aka borreliella americana)
B: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
C: borrelomyces (aka mycoplasma)
D: lyme disease borrelia (aka borreliella)
E: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine the effects of oxidants on fatty acid composition, a 1.5 l culture of B. burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown under microaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [b. burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borreliales bacterium
C: borrelia africana (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
D: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
E: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Measurement of MDA
Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31A3 was grown aerobically, microaerobically and anaerobically as described above to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
B: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
C: borrelia burgdorferi (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
D: borreliales bacterium
E: borreliella genomospecies 1 (aka borreliella genomosp. 1)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a negative control, E. coli Top10 cells were grown to OD600 of 0.4, treated with 0 or 5 mM AAPH for 30 min and MDA measured as above.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
B: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
C: escherichia
D: escherichia phage
E: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a negative control, E. coli Top10 cells were grown to OD600 of 0.4, treated with 0 or 5 mM AAPH for 30 min and MDA measured as above.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
B: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
C: escherichia phage
D: escherichia
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a positive control, mouse myeloma SP2/O cells were cultured with HYQ-CCM1 (HyClone) medium at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere, treated with 1 mM AAPH at 37°C for 4 h (Chotimarkorn et al., 2005) and MDA measured as above.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse]
<Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: eastern european house mouse (aka mus musculus musculus)
C: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
D: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
E: peromyscus
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Identification of lipid damage using Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine fluorescent stain
Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31A3 cells were grown microaerobically as described above until a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1 was obtained.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borreliales bacterium
C: candidatus borrelia africana (borrelia africana) (aka candidatus borrelia africana)
D: borrelia garinii (aka borreliella garinii)
E: borrelia
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Briefly, after cells were stained with the Red Fluorescent dye, 2 ml of rabbit serum was added to stop the reaction and the mixture incubated for 1 min at RT.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rabbit]
<Options>: A: oryctolagus cuniculus (japanese white rabbit) (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
B: lepus europaeus europaeus
C: european hare (aka lepus europaeus)
D: leporidae (rabbits and hares) (aka leporidae)
E: ox (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a positive control, mouse myeloma SP2/O cells were cultured with HYQ-CCM1 (HyClone) medium at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere, treated with 1 mM AAPH at 37°C for 4 h (Chotimarkorn et al., 2005) and stained as described above.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse]
<Options>: A: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
B: mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mice (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
D: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
E: mice (aka mus sp.) (aka mus sp.)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a negative control, E. coli Top10 cells were grown to OD600 of 0.4, treated with 0 or 5 mM AAPH for 30 min and stained as described above.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [e. coli]
<Options>: A: enterococcus coli (aka escherichia coli)
B: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
C: prokaryotes (aka bacteria)
D: escherichia
E: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Electron microscopy
Borrelia burgdorferi cells were grown under microaerobic or anaerobic conditions to a cell density of 5 × 107 cells ml−1.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [borrelia burgdorferi]
<Options>: A: borreliella burgdorferi (lyme disease spirochete) (aka borreliella burgdorferi)
B: borrelia
C: borrelia fainii (aka candidatus borrelia fainii)
D: borreliella burgdorferi b31 (borrelia burgdorferi str. b31) (aka borreliella burgdorferi b31)
E: borreliales bacterium
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In the initial analysis of the autoantibody profile in 39 Chinese BD patients, autoantibodies to cellular proteins were uncovered in 23% as determined by immunoblotting.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: probles
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: species
D: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Serum from a BD patient was used as a probe to immunoscreen a λZAP expression cDNA library.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patient]
<Options>: A: data
B: goes
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: probles
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Reactivity was also examined with normal control sera and disease control sera from patients with lupus and Sjögren's syndrome.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: suborder
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: humans (aka homo)
D: goes
E: kingdom
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Six independent candidate clones were isolated from the cDNA library screen and were identified as overlapping partial human kinectin cDNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: species
B: genus
C: humans (aka homo)
D: avian (aka aves)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Six independent candidate clones were isolated from the cDNA library screen and were identified as overlapping partial human kinectin cDNAs.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: species
B: humans (aka homo)
C: avian (aka aves)
D: genus
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The finding that kinectin was an autoantigen was verified in 9 out of 39 (23%) BD patient sera by immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translation products.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patient]
<Options>: A: data
B: theraps
C: cancer
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: genus
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nevertheless, since the 1960s, there have been reports of autoantibodies against certain unknown components of human oral mucosa in sera of patients with BD.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; patients]
<Options>: A: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
B: species
C: subsection
D: macrobiotus sapiens
E: cellular organisms (biota) (aka cellular organisms)
F: genus
G: probles
H: human (aka homo sapiens)
I: primate (aka primates)
J: None of the above. | [H; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nevertheless, since the 1960s, there have been reports of autoantibodies against certain unknown components of human oral mucosa in sera of patients with BD.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human; patients]
<Options>: A: homo (humans) (aka homo)
B: aides
C: kingdom
D: suborder
E: human (aka homo sapiens)
F: genus
G: biota (aka cellular organisms)
H: goes
I: macrobiotus sapiens
J: None of the above. | [E; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since then, sporadic reports on findings of autoantibodies in this disease have been described, such as antibodies to retinal antigen(s), heat shock protein (HSP) of some strains of Streptococcus sanguis cross-reactive with human HSP polypeptide', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [streptococcus sanguis; human]
<Options>: A: streptococcus ovis
B: genus
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: streptococcus mutans
E: streptococcus mitis
F: this
G: mammals (aka mammalia)
H: primate (aka primates)
I: streptococcus oralis subsp. oralis
J: streptococcus sanguinis
K: None of the above. | [J; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since then, sporadic reports on findings of autoantibodies in this disease have been described, such as antibodies to retinal antigen(s), heat shock protein (HSP) of some strains of Streptococcus sanguis cross-reactive with human HSP polypeptide', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [streptococcus sanguis; human]
<Options>: A: streptococcus sanguinis
B: streptococcus oralis bridge and sneath 1982 (aka streptococcus oralis)
C: streptococcus suis
D: homo (humans) (aka homo)
E: this
F: probles
G: species
H: streptococcus parasuis
I: streptococcus equinus (streptococcus bovis) (aka streptococcus equinus)
J: human (aka homo sapiens)
K: None of the above. | [A; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Materials and methods
Patients and sera
The currently used empirical criteria for the diagnosis of BD in this study were the criteria proposed by the International Study Group for BD (abbreviated as 'International Criteria')', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: kingdom
B: subsection
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: probles
E: homo (humans) (aka homo)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Materials and methods
Patients and sera
The currently used empirical criteria for the diagnosis of BD in this study were the criteria proposed by the International Study Group for BD (abbreviated as 'International Criteria')', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: probles
B: kingdom
C: subsection
D: homo (humans) (aka homo)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The study subjects of 39 Chinese BD patients comprised 17 males and 22 females, mean age 37 ± 11.3 years old, who were divided into two subgroups: 25 typical BD patients (Group I, satisfying the International Criteria) and 14 clinically diagnosed BD patients who had recurrent oral ulcers and one of the symptoms of genital ulcers, eye symptoms or skin lesions as defined by the International Criteria, as well as additional symptom(s) closely related to BD as listed in the International Criteria, that is, gastrointestinal ulcerations, deep vein thrombosis or arthralgia/arthritis without evidence that the latter symptoms might be related to any other disease (Group II, defined as 'probable BD' in this study).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: suborder
B: mus <genus> (mice (aka mus <genus>))
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: subsection
E: theraps
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Disease controls included 10 patients with SLE and 10 with SjS, all satisfying corresponding international classification criteria.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: circe
B: homo (humans) (aka homo)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: goes
E: this
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'All BD patients and disease controls involved in the study were patients treated at the Rheumatology Department of Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China, where their clinical data and serum samples were collected.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: theraps
B: subsection
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: goes
E: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This study was approved by the institution review board of Ren Ji Hospital which is affiliated with Shanghai Second Medical University, and each patient involved gave informed consent.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patient]
<Options>: A: suborder
B: probles
C: isolate
D: other (aka unidentified)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cell lines and cell extracts
HeLa (ATCC CCL 2.2) and T24 (human transitional cell bladder carcinoma) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: primate (aka primates)
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: cellular organisms (biota) (aka cellular organisms)
D: species
E: probles
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A bovine aortic endothelial cell line was kindly provided by Dr Eugene G Levin from the Scripps Research Institute (La Jolla, CA, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bovine]
<Options>: A: bos indicus (bos primigenius indicus) (aka bos indicus)
B: bovidae
C: boveria
D: bovine (aka bos taurus)
E: cattle (aka bos)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% calf serum, harvested and extracted in Buffer A (150 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH7.2, 0.5% Nonidet P-40) with protease inhibitor (Complete™; Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN, USA).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [calf]
<Options>: A: veturius
B: domestic cow (aka bos taurus)
C: equetus
D: boveria
E: gallus
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Western blot
Whole cell lysates from bovine aortic endothelial cell, HeLa and T24 cells were resolved individually by discontinuous 7.5% gel SDS-PAGE according to Laemmli's method', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bovine]
<Options>: A: bovinae
B: boveria
C: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
D: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
E: bovine (aka bos taurus)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Nitrocellulose strips were blocked with 3% nonfat milk in PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 (PBS-T) and then incubated with BD patient sera and normal control sera (1:100 dilution) at room temperature for 1 h. Filters were washed extensively with PBS-T to remove any unbound antibodies.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patient]
<Options>: A: other (aka unidentified)
B: data
C: human (aka homo sapiens)
D: cancer
E: isolate
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bound antibodies were detected with polyvalent, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human Ig and visualized by incubating the nitrocellulose strips in chemiluminescent reagents (NEN Life Science Products Inc., Boston, MA, USA) and exposing to Kodak XAR-5 films.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [goat; human]
<Options>: A: capra hircus aegagrus (aka capra aegagrus)
B: caponia
C: primate (aka primates)
D: capreolus
E: domestic goat (aka capra hircus)
F: avian (aka aves)
G: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
H: donkey (aka equus asinus)
I: macrobiotus sapiens
J: humans (aka homo)
K: None of the above. | [E; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Bound antibodies were detected with polyvalent, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human Ig and visualized by incubating the nitrocellulose strips in chemiluminescent reagents (NEN Life Science Products Inc., Boston, MA, USA) and exposing to Kodak XAR-5 films.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [goat; human]
<Options>: A: macrobiotus sapiens
B: capreolus
C: sueus
D: domestic goat (aka capra hircus)
E: this
F: species
G: probles
H: human (aka homo sapiens)
I: capra
J: donkey (aka equus asinus)
K: None of the above. | [D; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Screening of phage cDNA expression library with antibody probes
Serum from a BD patient showing the highest antibody titer in immunoblotting was selected as a probe and used at a dilution of 1:300 for initial immunoscreening of approximately 106 recombinants from a T24 cDNA expression library.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patient]
<Options>: A: genus
B: subsection
C: circe
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In brief, 1 μg of the pBK-CMV plasmid identified in the screening outlined above was added as template in a 50-μl reaction for the coupled in vitro transcription and translation reaction with a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) in the presence of 35S-methionine (Trans-35S label; ICN Biochemicals, Costa Mesa, CA, USA) and RNasin® Ribonuclease Inhibitor (Stratagene) as recommended by the manufacturer (Promega).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rabbit]
<Options>: A: domestic rabbit (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
B: lepus europaeus europaeus
C: bovidae
D: lepus cuniculus cuniculus (aka oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus)
E: leporidae (rabbits and hares) (aka leporidae)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results and discussion
Autoantibody detection in sera from BD patients
Initial examination of a group of 39 BD patients using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on a HEp-2 cell substrate did not yield any characteristic nuclear or cytoplasmic staining patterns.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: subsection
C: this
D: circe
E: cancer
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, the use of bovine aortic endothelial cells as substrate for IIF did not provide any additional data.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bovine]
<Options>: A: bos taurus indicus (aka bos indicus)
B: boveria
C: bos sp.
D: cow (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
E: bovidae
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, Western blot analysis of the BD sera began to show some interesting autoreactivity using cell lysates from both HeLa and bovine aortic endothelial cells.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bovine]
<Options>: A: domestic cow (aka bos taurus)
B: bovinae
C: boveria
D: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
E: bos sp.
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the 49 kDa and 120 kDa bands were observed in cell extracts from bovine as well as human cell lines, these autoantigens might be evolutionarily conserved.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bovine; human]
<Options>: A: animals (aka metazoa)
B: primate (aka primates)
C: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
D: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: avian (aka aves)
G: bos taurus indicus (aka bos indicus)
H: bovine (aka bos taurus)
I: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
J: bos sp.
K: None of the above. | [H; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the 49 kDa and 120 kDa bands were observed in cell extracts from bovine as well as human cell lines, these autoantigens might be evolutionarily conserved.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bovine; human]
<Options>: A: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
B: bos taurus indicus (aka bos indicus)
C: primate (aka primates)
D: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
E: animals (aka metazoa)
F: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
G: bos sp.
H: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
I: avian (aka aves)
J: None of the above. | [J; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Since the 49 kDa and 120 kDa bands were observed in cell extracts from bovine as well as human cell lines, these autoantigens might be evolutionarily conserved.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bovine; human]
<Options>: A: this
B: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
C: avian (aka aves)
D: humans (aka homo)
E: dairy cow (aka bos taurus)
F: bovidae
G: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
H: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
I: genus
J: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
K: None of the above. | [E; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'I definitive BD patients with the strongest reactivity to 49 kDa and 120 kDa antigens (Fig. 1, lane 2) was selected as antibody probe for expression library screening.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: theraps
B: goes
C: other (aka unidentified)
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Their identities were established as overlapping partial cDNAs of human kinectin, ranging from 1.9 kb to 3 kb (Fig. 2a).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: species
B: avian (aka aves)
C: suborder
D: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
E: animals (aka metazoa)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The full-length human kinectin (GenBank accession number NM_182926[27]) has 4,816 bases containing an open reading frame coding 1,357 amino acid residues with molecular mass 156 kDa.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: primate (aka primates)
B: probles
C: animals (aka metazoa)
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Kinectin was initially identified in chick embryo brain microsome as an integral membrane protein anchored in endoplasmic reticulum and involved in kinesin-driven vesicle motility along microtubules [28,29].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chick]
<Options>: A: miletus gallus gallus
B: landfowls (aka galliformes)
C: gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
D: arilus gallus
E: mus spretus (mus musculus spretus) (aka mus spretus)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Yeast two-hybrid screen studies from several laboratories have revealed the interaction of the Rho family of GTPase with kinectin, and have shown the functional links among RhoG, kinectin and kinesin, with kinectin as a key effector of RhoG microtubule-dependent cellular activity [32].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
B: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
E: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Out of 39 BD patient sera, nine (23%) recognized the BD44 translation product (Fig. 3), whereas sera from 20 normal controls, 10 SLE and 10 SjS patients did not show reactivity.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patient; patients]
<Options>: A: suborder
B: probles
C: this
D: cancer
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: kingdom
G: homo (humans) (aka homo)
H: genus
I: None of the above. | [E; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Out of 39 BD patient sera, nine (23%) recognized the BD44 translation product (Fig. 3), whereas sera from 20 normal controls, 10 SLE and 10 SjS patients did not show reactivity.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patient; patients]
<Options>: A: humans (aka homo)
B: suborder
C: this
D: cancer
E: data
F: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
G: circe
H: other (aka unidentified)
I: kingdom
J: None of the above. | [F; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the nine anti-kinectin positive patients, six (6/25, 24%) were from Group I (definitive BD) including the BD patient whose serum was used in the immunoscreening of expression cDNA library, and three (3/14, 21.4%) patients were from the Group II (probable BD) in this study.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients; patient]
<Options>: A: goes
B: aides
C: theraps
D: other (aka unidentified)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: cancer
G: isolate
H: mouse (aka mus musculus)
I: None of the above. | [E; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the nine anti-kinectin positive patients, six (6/25, 24%) were from Group I (definitive BD) including the BD patient whose serum was used in the immunoscreening of expression cDNA library, and three (3/14, 21.4%) patients were from the Group II (probable BD) in this study.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients; patient]
<Options>: A: genus
B: other (aka unidentified)
C: circe
D: subsection
E: theraps
F: this
G: suborder
H: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
I: None of the above. | [H; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The combined data substantiated the finding that kinectin is an autoantigen that can be recognized by sera from 23% of Chinese BD patients in this study with at least one immunoreactive region or autoepitope residing within the BD44 encoded polypeptide.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: human (aka homo sapiens)
B: cancer
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: probles
E: species
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As discussed above, differential diagnosis of BD might be confusing in clinical practice since no specific laboratory test is available, and some patients may have symptoms and signs strongly suggestive of BD but do not fully satisfy the International Criteria, as in the Group II (probable BD) patients in our study group.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patients]
<Options>: A: subsection
B: human (aka homo sapiens)
C: aides
D: mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: genus
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A number of investigators have pointed out that a comprehensive analysis of the clinical data for a given patient is very important for correct clinical diagnosis of BD, and that classification/diagnosis criteria, including the International Criteria, should be followed but should not be exclusive.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [patient]
<Options>: A: data
B: humans (aka homo)
C: suborder
D: other (aka unidentified)
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
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