instruction stringlengths 225 2.35k | input stringlengths 89 1.5k | response stringclasses 698 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Very small introns have been reported for tRNA genes (12,13),
and it will be necessary to sequence these regions of SpC3 to determine if such introns are present within the a2 sheep genome.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [sheep]
<Options>: A: cattle (aka bos)
B: ovis
C: domestic sheep (aka ovis aries)
D: bovidae
E: ovis sp.
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The existence of mRNAs comprised of sequences complementary to noncontiguous regions in a DNA genome was first described for adenovirus (14,15) and
simian virus (16,17) genes.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [adenovirus]
<Options>: A: aviadenovirus
B: adenoviridae
C: adenovirus type 1 (aka human adenovirus 1)
D: adenovirus sp.
E: duck adenovirus
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The consistent appearance of a small non-hybridized tail, approximately 100 nucleotides in length, in the region where the right arm of the phage was ligated to the sheep genomic insert of SpC3 very likely corresponded to the
3' poly A sequence of the a2 mRNA.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [sheep]
<Options>: A: cow (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
B: wild sheep (aka ovis aries)
C: ovis
D: ovis sp.
E: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We are also grateful to Margery Sullivan, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics,
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, for helpful discussions and to Dr. Helga Boedtker, Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, for making available the recombinant plasmid pCg45.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [child; human]
<Options>: A: infraclass
B: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
C: species
D: biota (aka cellular organisms)
E: this
F: probles
G: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
H: mammals (aka mammalia)
I: macrobiotus sapiens
J: None of the above. | [G; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We are also grateful to Margery Sullivan, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics,
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, for helpful discussions and to Dr. Helga Boedtker, Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, for making available the recombinant plasmid pCg45.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [child; human]
<Options>: A: mammals (aka mammalia)
B: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
C: family
D: circe
E: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
F: species
G: suborder
H: kingdom
I: menetus
J: None of the above. | [E; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We are also grateful to Margery Sullivan, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics,
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, for helpful discussions and to Dr. Helga Boedtker, Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, for making available the recombinant plasmid pCg45.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [child; human]
<Options>: A: circe
B: suborder
C: species
D: placental mammals (aka eutheria)
E: family
F: mammals (aka mammalia)
G: kingdom
H: menetus
I: None of the above. | [I; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Scp160p, a multiple KH-domain protein, is a component of mRNP complexes in yeast
Abstract
Scp160p is a 160 kDa protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contains 14 repeats of the hnRNP K-homology (KH) domain, and demonstrates significant sequence homology to a family of proteins collectively known as vigilins.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; saccharomyces cerevisiae]
<Options>: A: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
B: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
C: saccharomycodes
D: saccharomyceta
E: saccharomyces sp.
F: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
G: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
H: saccharomyces paradoxus
I: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
J: None of the above. | [F; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Scp160p, a multiple KH-domain protein, is a component of mRNP complexes in yeast
Abstract
Scp160p is a 160 kDa protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contains 14 repeats of the hnRNP K-homology (KH) domain, and demonstrates significant sequence homology to a family of proteins collectively known as vigilins.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; saccharomyces cerevisiae]
<Options>: A: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces paradoxus
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
F: saccharomyceta
G: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
H: saccharomycodes
I: saccharomyces sp.
J: None of the above. | [A; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These results demonstrate that Scp160p associates with polyribosome-bound mRNP complexes in vivo, implicating a role for this protein in one or more levels of mRNA metabolism in yeast.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
B: saccharomycodes
C: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
E: saccharomyceta
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'INTRODUCTION
Scp160p is a 1222 amino acid Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that contains 14 copies of the hnRNP K homology (KH) domain, a highly conserved motif found in many proteins involved in RNA metabolism (1).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [saccharomyces cerevisiae]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: saccharomyces italicus (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces paradoxus
D: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
E: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'KH domain-containing proteins appear to have diverse functions and have been identified in all kingdoms of life, including the ribosomal protein S3 from Escherichia coli (1), Mer1p from S.cerevisiae, a meiosis-specific splicing factor (1), MEX-3 from Caenorhabditis elegans, presumably involved in mRNA localization during development (2), and FMRP, the fragile-X mental retardation protein in humans (3).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [escherichia coli; s.cerevisiae; caenorhabditis elegans; humans]
<Options>: A: humans (aka homo)
B: mammals (aka mammalia)
C: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
D: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
E: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
F: unspecified coliform bacterium
G: saccharomyces paradoxus
H: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
I: escherichia sp.
J: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
K: saccharomyces cerevisiae synthetic construct
L: drosophila elegans
M: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
N: cyclostrongylus elegans
O: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
P: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
Q: escherichia
R: biota (aka cellular organisms)
S: genus
T: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
U: None of the above. | [O; M; P; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'KH domain-containing proteins appear to have diverse functions and have been identified in all kingdoms of life, including the ribosomal protein S3 from Escherichia coli (1), Mer1p from S.cerevisiae, a meiosis-specific splicing factor (1), MEX-3 from Caenorhabditis elegans, presumably involved in mRNA localization during development (2), and FMRP, the fragile-X mental retardation protein in humans (3).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [escherichia coli; s.cerevisiae; caenorhabditis elegans; humans]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae synthetic construct
B: genus
C: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
D: drosophila elegans
E: mammals (aka mammalia)
F: cyclostrongylus elegans
G: saccharomyces paradoxus
H: escherichia sp.
I: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
J: humans (aka homo)
K: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
L: biota (aka cellular organisms)
M: escherichia
N: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
O: unspecified coliform bacterium
P: myzomyia elegans (aka anopheles elegans)
Q: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
R: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
S: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
T: None of the above. | [K; N; T; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'KH domain-containing proteins appear to have diverse functions and have been identified in all kingdoms of life, including the ribosomal protein S3 from Escherichia coli (1), Mer1p from S.cerevisiae, a meiosis-specific splicing factor (1), MEX-3 from Caenorhabditis elegans, presumably involved in mRNA localization during development (2), and FMRP, the fragile-X mental retardation protein in humans (3).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [escherichia coli; s.cerevisiae; caenorhabditis elegans; humans]
<Options>: A: bacteria (ex cavalier-smith 1987) (aka bacteria)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces paradoxus
C: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
D: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
E: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
F: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
G: gongylostoma elegans elegans (clausilia elegans elegans) (aka gongylostoma elegans elegans)
H: saccharomyces paradoxus
I: genus
J: biota (aka cellular organisms)
K: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
L: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
M: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
N: cyclostrongylus elegans
O: caenorhabditis
P: escherichia phage
Q: kingdom
R: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
S: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
T: species
U: None of the above. | [D; L; S; M] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'KH domain-containing proteins appear to have diverse functions and have been identified in all kingdoms of life, including the ribosomal protein S3 from Escherichia coli (1), Mer1p from S.cerevisiae, a meiosis-specific splicing factor (1), MEX-3 from Caenorhabditis elegans, presumably involved in mRNA localization during development (2), and FMRP, the fragile-X mental retardation protein in humans (3).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [escherichia coli; s.cerevisiae; caenorhabditis elegans; humans]
<Options>: A: bacterium coli (aka escherichia coli)
B: unspecified coliform bacterium
C: bacteria (ex cavalier-smith 1987) (aka bacteria)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces paradoxus
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae synthetic construct
F: kingdom
G: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
H: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
I: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
J: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
K: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
L: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
M: elegans subgroup (in: flies)
N: escherichia
O: bactris elegans
P: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
Q: drosophila elegans
R: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
S: primate (aka primates)
T: hominidae (great apes) (aka hominidae)
U: None of the above. | [A; J; P; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'KH domain-containing proteins appear to have diverse functions and have been identified in all kingdoms of life, including the ribosomal protein S3 from Escherichia coli (1), Mer1p from S.cerevisiae, a meiosis-specific splicing factor (1), MEX-3 from Caenorhabditis elegans, presumably involved in mRNA localization during development (2), and FMRP, the fragile-X mental retardation protein in humans (3).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [escherichia coli; s.cerevisiae; caenorhabditis elegans; humans]
<Options>: A: unspecified coliform bacterium
B: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
C: bactris elegans
D: caenorhabditis
E: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
F: bacteria (ex cavalier-smith 1987) (aka bacteria)
G: enterobacteria (aka enterobacteriaceae)
H: kingdom
I: neanderthal man (aka homo sapiens neanderthalensis)
J: animals (aka metazoa)
K: gongylostoma elegans elegans (clausilia elegans elegans) (aka gongylostoma elegans elegans)
L: bacillus coli (aka escherichia coli)
M: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
N: escherichia coli (strain b) (aka escherichia coli b)
O: drosophila elegans
P: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Q: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
R: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
S: saccharomyces uvarum (saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum) (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
T: saccharomyces paradoxus
U: None of the above. | [L; P; E; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Deletion of the SCP160 locus in yeast is not lethal, but results in a complex phenotype, including increased DNA content per cell, missegregation of genetic markers during sporulation, and abnormal cell morphology, including increased size and irregular shape (4).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyceta
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomycodes
E: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'First identified in chicken, vigilin homologues have now been found in human (6), Xenopus laevis (7), Drosophila melanogaster (8), C.elegans (5) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken; human; xenopus laevis; drosophila melanogaster]
<Options>: A: xenopus laevis (african clawed frog) (aka xenopus laevis)
B: this
C: mammals (aka mammalia)
D: drosophila <flies,genus> (fruit flies) (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
E: animals (aka metazoa)
F: landfowls (aka galliformes)
G: xenopus laevis/gilli
H: miletus gallus gallus
I: gallorhynchus
J: gallus
K: xenopus laevis x xenopus borealis
L: avian (aka aves)
M: xenopus tropicalis (xenopus (silurana) tropicalis) (aka xenopus tropicalis)
N: gallus gallus (gallus gallus domesticus) (aka gallus gallus)
O: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <basidiomycete fungi>)
P: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
Q: bactrocera (bactrocera) melanogaster (aka bactrocera melanogaster)
R: melanogaster group
S: xenopus tropicalis x xenopus laevis
T: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
U: None of the above. | [N; T; A; P] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'First identified in chicken, vigilin homologues have now been found in human (6), Xenopus laevis (7), Drosophila melanogaster (8), C.elegans (5) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken; human; xenopus laevis; drosophila melanogaster]
<Options>: A: xenopus laevis borealis (aka xenopus borealis)
B: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
C: probles
D: alsophylax laevis
E: flies (aka diptera)
F: anabolia laevis
G: human (aka homo sapiens)
H: hawaiian drosophila
I: species
J: avian (aka aves)
K: melanogaster subgroup
L: gallorhynchus
M: platanna (aka xenopus laevis)
N: this
O: miletus gallus gallus
P: primate (aka primates)
Q: xenopus <genus> (xenopus) (aka xenopus <genus>)
R: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <flies>)
S: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
T: gallasellus
U: None of the above. | [B; G; M; S] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'First identified in chicken, vigilin homologues have now been found in human (6), Xenopus laevis (7), Drosophila melanogaster (8), C.elegans (5) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken; human; xenopus laevis; drosophila melanogaster]
<Options>: A: kingdom
B: genus
C: xenopus laevis laevis (bufo laevis laevis) (aka xenopus laevis laevis)
D: landfowls (aka galliformes)
E: drosophila melanogaster (sophophora melanogaster) (aka drosophila melanogaster)
F: drosophila (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
G: melanogaster (aka melanogaster <flies>)
H: macrobiotus sapiens
I: xenopus tropicalis x xenopus laevis
J: anabolia laevis
K: gallus gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
L: gallus
M: drosophila <flies,genus> (fruit flies) (aka drosophila <flies,genus>)
N: melanogaster subgroup
O: african clawed frog (aka xenopus laevis)
P: miletus gallus gallus
Q: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
R: gallus sp.
S: xenopus sp. (clawed frog) (aka xenopus sp.)
T: probles
U: None of the above. | [K; Q; O; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'First identified in chicken, vigilin homologues have now been found in human (6), Xenopus laevis (7), Drosophila melanogaster (8), C.elegans (5) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [chicken; human; xenopus laevis; drosophila melanogaster]
<Options>: A: anabolia laevis
B: genus
C: primate (aka primates)
D: platanna (aka xenopus laevis)
E: gallus sp.
F: fruit fly (aka drosophila melanogaster)
G: gallio
H: drosophila (aka drosophila <basidiomycete fungi>)
I: melanogaster subgroup
J: landfowls (aka galliformes)
K: flies (aka diptera)
L: xenopus tropicalis x xenopus laevis
M: xenopus laevis tropicalis (aka xenopus tropicalis)
N: wild turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
O: gallus gallus domesticus (aka gallus gallus)
P: human (aka homo sapiens)
Q: macrobiotus sapiens
R: drosophila (aka drosophila <flies,subgenus>)
S: xenopus laevis x xenopus borealis
T: animals (aka metazoa)
U: None of the above. | [O; P; D; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'First identified in chicken, vigilin homologues have now been found in human (6), Xenopus laevis (7), Drosophila melanogaster (8), C.elegans (5) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [c.elegans; schizosaccharomyces pombe]
<Options>: A: caenorhabditis sp.
B: schizosaccharomyces osmophilus
C: schizosaccharomyces kambucha x schizosaccharomyces pombe
D: caromyxa elegans (aka mutinus elegans)
E: rhabditis elegans (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
F: schizosaccharomycetoideae (aka schizosaccharomycetaceae)
G: caenorhabditis vulgaris (aka caenorhabditis remanei)
H: urocitellus elegans elegans (spermophilus elegans elegans) (aka urocitellus elegans elegans)
I: schizosaccharomyces pombe (schizosaccharomyces malidevorans) (aka schizosaccharomyces pombe)
J: schizosaccharomyces japonicus (schizosaccharomyces japonicus var. versatilis) (aka schizosaccharomyces japonicus)
K: None of the above. | [E; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'First identified in chicken, vigilin homologues have now been found in human (6), Xenopus laevis (7), Drosophila melanogaster (8), C.elegans (5) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [c.elegans; schizosaccharomyces pombe]
<Options>: A: schizoplax
B: bactris elegans
C: schizosaccharomyces osmophilus
D: caenorhabditis elegans (rhabditis elegans) (aka caenorhabditis elegans)
E: caenorhabditis drosophilae (rhabditis drosophilae) (aka caenorhabditis drosophilae)
F: fission yeast (aka schizosaccharomyces pombe)
G: theocolax elegans
H: zygosaccharomyces
I: cyclostrongylus elegans
J: schizosaccharomyces
K: None of the above. | [D; F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'For example, Kruse and colleagues reported from their work with human cells in culture that vigilin may be involved in the binding and transport of tRNA (9–11).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [human]
<Options>: A: kingdom
B: genus
C: eutherian mammals (aka eutheria)
D: human (aka homo sapiens)
E: avian (aka aves)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The goal of the present study was to begin elucidating the function of Scp160p in yeast by characterizing the subcellular distribution and macromolecular interactions of this protein.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
C: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: budding yeasts & others (aka saccharomycotina)
E: saccharomyceta
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These results indicate a role for Scp160p in mRNA metabolism in yeast, and by extension, support results seen with Xenopus vigilin in its interactions with mRNA.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: saccharomycodes
D: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
E: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To our knowledge, the data reported here demonstrate Scp160p to be the first example of a KH-domain protein that functions as a component of polyribosome-associated mRNP complexes in the yeast, S.cerevisiae.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plasmids, yeast strains and culture conditions
All recombinant DNA manipulations were performed according to standard techniques and utilized E.coli strain XL1-Blue (Stratagene).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; s.cerevisiae; e.coli]
<Options>: A: saccharomyceta
B: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
C: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces uvarum (saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum) (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
F: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
G: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
H: escherichia sp.
I: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
J: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
K: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
L: saccharomyces sp.
M: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
N: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
O: None of the above. | [D; D; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To our knowledge, the data reported here demonstrate Scp160p to be the first example of a KH-domain protein that functions as a component of polyribosome-associated mRNP complexes in the yeast, S.cerevisiae.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plasmids, yeast strains and culture conditions
All recombinant DNA manipulations were performed according to standard techniques and utilized E.coli strain XL1-Blue (Stratagene).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; s.cerevisiae; e.coli]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
C: escherichia/shigella coli (aka escherichia coli)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: saccharomyces globosus (aka saccharomyces uvarum)
F: enterobacteriales (aka enterobacterales)
G: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
H: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
I: 'escherichia faecalis' (aka escherichia faecalis)
J: enterobacteriaceae bacterium
K: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
L: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
M: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces paradoxus
N: None of the above. | [A; A; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To our knowledge, the data reported here demonstrate Scp160p to be the first example of a KH-domain protein that functions as a component of polyribosome-associated mRNP complexes in the yeast, S.cerevisiae.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plasmids, yeast strains and culture conditions
All recombinant DNA manipulations were performed according to standard techniques and utilized E.coli strain XL1-Blue (Stratagene).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; s.cerevisiae; e.coli]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces paradoxus
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces uvarum
C: escherichia phage
D: escherichia coli b (escherichia coli (strain b)) (aka escherichia coli b)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
F: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
G: e. coli (aka escherichia coli)
H: saccharomyces cerevisiae synthetic construct
I: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
J: escherichia coli k12 (aka escherichia coli k-12)
K: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
L: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
M: unspecified coliform bacterium
N: None of the above. | [F; F; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The yeast strain JFy1511, expressing FLAG–Scp160p, was derived by two-step gene replacement from strain yJJ52 (MATα gal7Δ102 ura3-52 trp1-289 ade1 lys1 leu2-3, 112; generously donated by Drs Mark Parthun and Judith Jaehning, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center), and confirmed by PCR.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
B: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
E: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The N-terminally HA-tagged allele of BFR1 was generated by PCR-amplifiction of the BFR1 locus from wild-type (W303) yeast genomic DNA using the primers BFR1HAF1 (5′-CCGCGGATCCATGTACC-CATACGACGTCCCAGACTACGCTATGTCCTCCCAAC-AACACAA-3′) and BFR1HINDR1 (5′-CCGCAAGCTTGTCG-ACTATTTCATATGCCACAGGAAACAG-3′), and subcloned into YIPlac211.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
C: saccharomyces sp.
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: saccharomyceta
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Finally, the HA–BFR1 allele was substituted into the yeast genome in place of the native allele using linearization with SphI and standard two-step gene replacement techniques.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycodes
B: saccharomyces sp.
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'All yeast transformations and culture manipulations were performed according to standard protocols as described elsewhere (19).
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
E: saccharomyceta
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Confirmation of genomic integrations
All genomic integrations were confirmed by PCR amplifications from purified yeast genomic DNA.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
B: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
D: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
E: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Confirmation of genomic integrations
All genomic integrations were confirmed by PCR amplifications from purified yeast genomic DNA.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
B: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
C: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
D: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In brief, a 100 ml culture of yeast was grown in either YEPD or Hartwell synthetic medium, to early-log phase (OD600 = 1.0), at which time cyclohexamide (Sigma) was added directly to the culture to a final concentration of 100 µg/ml.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces sp.
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
D: saccharomycotina (budding yeasts & others) (aka saccharomycotina)
E: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The column had been calibrated previously using the following molecular weight standards (Sigma): blue dextran (2000 kDa), thyroglobulin (669 kDa), apoferritin (443 kDa), alcohol dehydrogenase (150 kDa), and bovine serum albumin (66 kDa).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bovine]
<Options>: A: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
B: bovinae
C: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
D: bovidae
E: ox (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Yeast were lysed as described for polyribosome analysis, with an additional clarification by passage through a 0.2 µm syringe-tip filter (Acrodisc) and run over the column at a rate of 0.5 ml/min in polyribosome lysis buffer following treatment with the indicated reagents.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
D: saccharomycodes
E: saccharomyces sp.
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'α-FLAG affinity chromatography
For most experiments, one liter yeast cultures were grown to early log-phase and harvested by centrifugation.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces sp.
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
D: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
E: saccharomyceta
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'FLAG–Scp160p fusion protein was detected by incubation of the filter with mouse M2 anti-FLAG monoclonal antibody (10 µg/ml final concentration), followed by HRP-conjugated sheep anti-mouse secondary antibody (Amersham), diluted 1:5000 as per the manufacturer’s instructions, and ECL reagent (Amersham), followed by exposure to X-ray film.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse; sheep]
<Options>: A: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
B: mice (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
C: mus musculus (house mouse) (aka mus musculus)
D: cattle (aka bos)
E: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
F: suidae (pigs (aka suidae))
G: cow (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
H: peromyscus
I: ovis
J: lambs (aka ovis aries)
K: None of the above. | [C; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'FLAG–Scp160p fusion protein was detected by incubation of the filter with mouse M2 anti-FLAG monoclonal antibody (10 µg/ml final concentration), followed by HRP-conjugated sheep anti-mouse secondary antibody (Amersham), diluted 1:5000 as per the manufacturer’s instructions, and ECL reagent (Amersham), followed by exposure to X-ray film.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [mouse; sheep]
<Options>: A: cattle (aka bos)
B: mus musculoides (mus musculoides enclavae) (aka mus musculoides)
C: ovis sp.
D: mus sp. (mice (aka mus sp.))
E: wild sheep (aka ovis aries)
F: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
G: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
H: cow (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
I: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
J: bovidae
K: None of the above. | [G; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'By performing a standard analysis using bovine serum albumin, the stain was able to detect ~15 ng total protein per lane.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bovine]
<Options>: A: bovine (aka bos taurus)
B: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
C: bovidae
D: bos sp.
E: bos taurus x bos indicus (aka bos indicus x bos taurus)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RESULTS
Expression of tagged Scp160p in yeast
An N-terminal FLAG-tagged form of Scp160p was created to facilitate detection of the protein in cells and extracts (Fig. 1A).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomycodes
E: saccharomyceta
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'RESULTS
Expression of tagged Scp160p in yeast
An N-terminal FLAG-tagged form of Scp160p was created to facilitate detection of the protein in cells and extracts (Fig. 1A).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: saccharomycodes
D: saccharomyceta
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To probe functionality of this fusion protein, we used two-step gene replacement (18) to substitute the modified allele into the SCP160 locus of haploid yeast, and then tested the morphological phenotype of the resultant cells.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
B: saccharomyces sp.
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In all cases, yeast expressing tagged Scp160p in place of the native protein appeared indistinguishable from the corresponding wild-type strains (data not shown).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces sp.
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
D: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As a negative control, we also deleted almost the entire SCP160 coding region from the genomes of these yeast strains (Fig. 1A), and confirmed the expected mutant phenotype (data not shown).
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
D: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Scp160p associates with polyribosomes
To test the hypothesis that Scp160p associates with polyribosomes we used sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation to size-fractionate subcellular components of lysates prepared from yeast expressing the N-terminal FLAG-tagged Scp160p protein.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
B: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A convenient internal control for these gradients was provided by an unknown endogenous yeast cross-reacting protein at ~100 kDa, that exemplified the migration pattern of a free protein, appearing only in the upper fractions of the gradient (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
E: saccharomyceta
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To determine whether the migration pattern of Scp160p in these sucrose gradients truly reflected association with yeast polyribosomes, lysates were pre-treated with either 30 mM EDTA or 50 U/ml', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomycodes
E: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The fact that RNase treatment and high salt both generated Scp160p species of similar apparent molecular weight suggests that these high salt concentrations resulted in the disassociation of RNA, and perhaps other components, from Scp160p.
Pab1p and Bfr1p are present in EDTA-resistant Scp160p-containing complexes
To determine if the >1300 kDa Scp160p-containing complexes remaining after EDTA treatment were mRNPs, we assayed for the presence of the yeast poly(A) binding protein, Pab1p, following α-FLAG affinity purification as illustrated in Figure 4. Pab1p is an abundant and well-characterized component of mRNP complexes in yeast, as well as higher eukaryotes (14,15,25).', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
B: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, we performed mock purifications using lysates from yeast expressing the wild-type allele of SCP160 without the FLAG epitope (Fig. 5F), or with an unrelated FLAG-tagged protein, human galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; human]
<Options>: A: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
B: species
C: mammals (aka mammalia)
D: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
E: genus
F: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
G: kingdom
H: saccharomyceta
I: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
J: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
K: None of the above. | [J; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In addition, we performed mock purifications using lysates from yeast expressing the wild-type allele of SCP160 without the FLAG epitope (Fig. 5F), or with an unrelated FLAG-tagged protein, human galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) (Fig.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; human]
<Options>: A: birds (aka aves)
B: saccharomycodes
C: macrobiotus sapiens
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
E: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
G: homo (humans) (aka homo)
H: homo sapiens (human) (aka homo sapiens)
I: primate (aka primates)
J: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
K: None of the above. | [E; H] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Monomeric Scp160p migrates as a ~450 kDa protein under native conditions
As a first step to characterize the post RNase/NaCl 450 kDa Scp160p species we compared it with Scp160p over-expressed and purified from an exogenous host, the yeast Pichia pastoris.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; pichia pastoris]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
B: pichia pastoris (aka komagataella pastoris)
C: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
D: saccharomycodes
E: pichia pastoris dsmz 70382 (aka komagataella pastoris dsmz 70382)
F: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
G: candida famata (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
H: saccharomyces pastorianus gsy131
I: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
J: saccharomyces punctispora (aka pichia punctispora)
K: None of the above. | [I; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Monomeric Scp160p migrates as a ~450 kDa protein under native conditions
As a first step to characterize the post RNase/NaCl 450 kDa Scp160p species we compared it with Scp160p over-expressed and purified from an exogenous host, the yeast Pichia pastoris.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast; pichia pastoris]
<Options>: A: komagataella pastoris (zygosaccharomyces pastoris) (aka komagataella pastoris)
B: pichia pastoris dsmz 70382 (aka komagataella pastoris dsmz 70382)
C: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
D: true yeasts (aka saccharomycotina)
E: pichia canadensis (aka wickerhamomyces canadensis)
F: saccharomyces punctispora (aka pichia punctispora)
G: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus (saccharomyces cerevisiae or paradoxus) (aka saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae/paradoxus)
H: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
I: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
J: saccharomyces pastorianus (saccharomyces carlsbergensis) (aka saccharomyces pastorianus)
K: None of the above. | [I; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To test this hypothesis, yeast expressing FLAG–Scp160p were transfected with a centromeric plasmid, YCplac22–HA–Scp160p, encoding a distinct, HA-tagged allele of the protein.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomycetes (hemiascomycetes) (aka saccharomycetes)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyceta
D: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
E: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'As seen in Figure 7C, when yeast co-expressing the two alleles were lysed and the FLAG-tagged protein was isolated as described above, no HA–Scp160p co-purified with the FLAG–Scp160p.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
C: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
D: saccharomyces sp.
E: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The data presented here demonstrate two main points regarding the biochemical associations and function of Scp160p in yeast.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: candida/saccharomycetales (aka candida/saccharomycales clade)
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: saccharomyces sp.
D: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyceta
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, by utilizing yeast co-expressing two distinct epitope-tagged versions of Scp160p, we have ruled out the possibility of self-association of Scp160p.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883 (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: saccharomycodes
E: saccharomyces sp.
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In conclusion we have shown convincing evidence that Scp160p exists in yeast cytoplasmic extracts primarily associated with polyribosomes.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
C: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
D: brewer's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In conclusion we have shown convincing evidence that Scp160p exists in yeast cytoplasmic extracts primarily associated with polyribosomes.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [yeast]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
B: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
C: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
E: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The presence of Pab1p suggests that Scp160p associates with polyribosomes as a component of an mRNP, demonstrating Scp160p to be the first S.cerevisiae multiple-KH domain protein characterized to function in this way.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [s.cerevisiae]
<Options>: A: saccharomyces cerevisiae x saccharomyces mikatae
B: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
C: baker's yeast (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
D: saccharomyceta
E: saccharomyces cf. cerevisiae
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Discovery of genes implicated in whirling disease infection and resistance in rainbow trout using genome-wide expression profiling
Abstract
Background
Whirling disease, caused by the pathogen Myxobolus cerebralis, afflicts several salmonid species.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; myxobolus cerebralis]
<Options>: A: microsporidium cerebralis
B: japanese salmon (aka oncorhynchus masou)
C: myxobolus cerebralis
D: brook trout (aka salvelinus fontinalis)
E: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
F: myxobolus hearti
G: myxobolus neurobius
H: myxobolus fundamentalis
I: gila trout (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
J: salmo mykiss (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
K: None of the above. | [J; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Discovery of genes implicated in whirling disease infection and resistance in rainbow trout using genome-wide expression profiling
Abstract
Background
Whirling disease, caused by the pathogen Myxobolus cerebralis, afflicts several salmonid species.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; myxobolus cerebralis]
<Options>: A: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
B: coniophora cerebella
C: myxobolus neurofontinalis
D: myxobolus cerebralis
E: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
F: sea trout (aka salmo trutta trutta)
G: henneguya cerebralis
H: chondrococcus cerebriformis (aka archangium gephyra)
I: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
J: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
K: None of the above. | [J; D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rainbow trout are particularly susceptible and may suffer high mortality rates.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
B: brook trout (aka salvelinus fontinalis)
C: golden trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)
D: salmo trutta (river trout) (aka salmo trutta)
E: oncorhynchus mykiss (oncorhynchus nerka mykiss) (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, genome-wide expression profiling using cDNA microarrays was conducted for resistant Hofer and susceptible Trout Lodge rainbow trout strains following pathogen exposure with the primary objective of identifying specific genes implicated in whirling disease resistance.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: salmo gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
B: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
C: oncorhynchus mykiss (oncorhynchus nerka mykiss) (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
D: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
E: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results
Several genes were significantly up-regulated in skin following pathogen exposure for both the resistant and susceptible rainbow trout strains.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
B: salmo trutta trutta (sea trout) (aka salmo trutta trutta)
C: gila trout (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
D: oncorhynchus mykiss (oncorhynchus nerka mykiss) (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
E: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Conclusion
The present study has provided an initial view into the genetic basis underlying immune response and resistance of rainbow trout to the whirling disease parasite.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
B: salmon trout (aka oncorhynchus masou)
C: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
D: salmo gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
E: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
Whirling disease was first described among farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a native North American salmonid species, introduced to Germany as a food fish in the late 1800s', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; oncorhynchus mykiss]
<Options>: A: black sea salmon (aka salmo labrax)
B: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
C: oncorhynchus gilae gilae (salmo gilae gilae) (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
D: japanese salmon (aka oncorhynchus masou)
E: oncorhynchus mykiss (oncorhynchus nerka mykiss) (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
F: oncorhynchus keta (chum salmon) (aka oncorhynchus keta)
G: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
H: oncorhynchus kisutch (oncorhyncus kisutch) (aka oncorhynchus kisutch)
I: oncorhynchus mykiss x salmo salar
J: None of the above. | [E; E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Background
Whirling disease was first described among farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a native North American salmonid species, introduced to Germany as a food fish in the late 1800s', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; oncorhynchus mykiss]
<Options>: A: sea trout (aka salmo trutta trutta)
B: salmo mykiss (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
C: oncorhynchus mykiss x salmo salar
D: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
E: japanese salmon (aka oncorhynchus masou)
F: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
G: oncorhynchus gilae gilae (salmo gilae gilae) (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
H: salmo gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
I: golden trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)
J: None of the above. | [B; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Whirling disease is associated with systemic infections by the myxozoan Myxobolus cerebralis, a parasite with presumed origins among salmonid fish in Eurasia [2,3].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [myxobolus cerebralis]
<Options>: A: myxobolus oralis
B: myxobolus lentisuturalis
C: myxobolus cerebralis
D: myxobolus neurobius
E: morococcus cerebrosus
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rainbow trout are highly susceptible to whirling disease and the introduction of the parasite to the U.S.A. in the 1950s had immediate economic impacts on salmonid hatcheries in both eastern and western states [2].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: brook trout (aka salvelinus fontinalis)
B: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
C: salmo mykiss (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
D: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
E: salmo trutta (river trout) (aka salmo trutta)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The disease has more recently been recognized as the principal cause of major population declines among wild rainbow trout populations in the intermountain region of the U.S.A with serious negative impacts on sportfishing and allied industries [5-7].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
B: salmo trutta trutta (sea trout) (aka salmo trutta trutta)
C: oncorhynchus mykiss (oncorhynchus nerka mykiss) (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
D: river trout (aka salmo trutta)
E: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
F: None of the above. | [C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additionally, concerns continue over the potential negative ecologic impacts of whirling disease on wild salmonid populations, particularly threatened or endangered salmonids such as bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bull trout; salvelinus confluentus; cutthroat trout; oncorhynchus clarki]
<Options>: A: salvelinus evasus
B: oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus (aka oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus)
C: oncorhynchus clarki virginalis (aka oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis)
D: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
E: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
F: salvelinus sp. km-1999
G: great basin redband trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii)
H: abant trout (aka salmo abanticus)
I: cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii)
J: salvelinus fontinalis x salvelinus malma
K: bull trout (aka salvelinus confluentus)
L: oncorhynchus clarki seleniris (aka oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris)
M: salvelinus profundus (salmo salvelinus profundus) (aka salvelinus profundus)
N: sea trout (aka salmo trutta trutta)
O: westslope cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi)
P: ohrid trout (aka salmo letnica)
Q: oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri (aka oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri)
R: golden trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)
S: None of the above. | [K; K; I; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additionally, concerns continue over the potential negative ecologic impacts of whirling disease on wild salmonid populations, particularly threatened or endangered salmonids such as bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bull trout; salvelinus confluentus; cutthroat trout; oncorhynchus clarki]
<Options>: A: salvelinus profundus (salmo salvelinus profundus) (aka salvelinus profundus)
B: salvelinus fontinalis x salvelinus malma
C: bull trout (aka salvelinus confluentus)
D: great basin redband trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii)
E: sea trout (aka salmo trutta trutta)
F: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
G: salvelinus sp. km-1999
H: oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus (aka oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus)
I: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
J: salvelinus evasus
K: oncorhynchus clarki seleniris (aka oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris)
L: oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri (aka oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri)
M: abant trout (aka salmo abanticus)
N: golden trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)
O: oncorhynchus clarki virginalis (aka oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis)
P: ohrid trout (aka salmo letnica)
Q: westslope cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi)
R: None of the above. | [C; C; R; R] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additionally, concerns continue over the potential negative ecologic impacts of whirling disease on wild salmonid populations, particularly threatened or endangered salmonids such as bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bull trout; salvelinus confluentus; cutthroat trout; oncorhynchus clarki]
<Options>: A: bull trout (aka salvelinus confluentus)
B: salmoneus brucei
C: salvelinus sp.
D: oncorhynchus clarki seleniris (aka oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris)
E: colorado river cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus)
F: rio grande cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis)
G: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
H: sea trout (aka salmo trutta trutta)
I: salvia concolor
J: salmo trutta (river trout) (aka salmo trutta)
K: oncorhynchus clarki clarki (aka oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii)
L: oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis (oncorhynchus clarki virginalis) (aka oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis)
M: salvelinus malma x salvelinus leucomaenis
N: salvelinus sp. km-1999
O: bonneville cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii utah)
P: cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii)
Q: oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) (aka oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri)
R: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
S: None of the above. | [A; A; P; P] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additionally, concerns continue over the potential negative ecologic impacts of whirling disease on wild salmonid populations, particularly threatened or endangered salmonids such as bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bull trout; salvelinus confluentus; cutthroat trout; oncorhynchus clarki]
<Options>: A: oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis (oncorhynchus clarki virginalis) (aka oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis)
B: oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus (oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus) (aka oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus)
C: oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi (oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) (aka oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi)
D: rv-brown trout
E: sea trout (aka salmo trutta trutta)
F: river trout (aka salmo trutta)
G: colorado cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus)
H: oncorhynchus clarki utah (aka oncorhynchus clarkii utah)
I: salvelinus namaycush x salvelinus fontinalis
J: coastal cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii)
K: salvelinus evasus
L: cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii)
M: lake ohrid brown trout (aka salmo letnica)
N: great basin redband trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii)
O: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
P: bull trout (aka salvelinus confluentus)
Q: salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus
R: salvelinus malma malma x salvelinus leucomaenis
S: None of the above. | [P; P; L; L] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additionally, concerns continue over the potential negative ecologic impacts of whirling disease on wild salmonid populations, particularly threatened or endangered salmonids such as bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [bull trout; salvelinus confluentus; cutthroat trout; oncorhynchus clarki]
<Options>: A: salvelinus krogiusae
B: lake ohrid brown trout (aka salmo letnica)
C: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
D: brook trout (aka salvelinus fontinalis)
E: salvelinus namaycush (salmo namaycush) (aka salvelinus namaycush)
F: colorado river cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus)
G: cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii)
H: oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) (aka oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri)
I: bull trout (aka salvelinus confluentus)
J: salvelinus albus (white char) (aka salvelinus albus)
K: salmo clarkii clarkii (aka oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii)
L: westslope cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi)
M: salvelinus kronocius
N: oncorhynchus clarki utah (aka oncorhynchus clarkii utah)
O: oncorhynchus clarki pleuriticus (aka oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus)
P: salmoneus brucei
Q: salmo trutta (river trout) (aka salmo trutta)
R: golden trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)
S: None of the above. | [I; I; G; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additionally, concerns continue over the potential negative ecologic impacts of whirling disease on wild salmonid populations, particularly threatened or endangered salmonids such as bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [steelhead; oncorhynchus mykiss]
<Options>: A: largemouth bass (aka micropterus salmoides)
B: redhead (aka aythya americana)
C: salmo mykiss (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
D: oncorhynchus mykiss x salmo salar
E: salmo kisatch (aka oncorhynchus kisutch)
F: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
G: scomber scombrus (atlantic mackerel) (aka scomber scombrus)
H: cottus grunniens (aka allenbatrachus grunniens)
I: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
J: None of the above. | [C; C] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Additionally, concerns continue over the potential negative ecologic impacts of whirling disease on wild salmonid populations, particularly threatened or endangered salmonids such as bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki), and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [steelhead; oncorhynchus mykiss]
<Options>: A: oncorhynchus gilae gilae (salmo gilae gilae) (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
B: salmo oxyrinchus (aka coregonus oxyrinchus)
C: atlantic salmon (aka salmo salar)
D: oncorhynchus mykiss x salmo salar
E: oncorhynchus keta (chum salmon) (aka oncorhynchus keta)
F: salmon trout (aka oncorhynchus masou)
G: sebastes marinus norvegicus (aka sebastes norvegicus)
H: scomber scombrus (atlantic mackerel) (aka scomber scombrus)
I: salmo mykiss (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
J: None of the above. | [I; I] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[8,9].
Myxobolus cerebralis has a complex life cycle that includes two alternate hosts, a salmonid fish and an oligochaete worm, Tubifex tubifex [10,11].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [myxobolus cerebralis; tubifex tubifex]
<Options>: A: tubifex tubifex (lumbricus tubifex) (aka tubifex tubifex)
B: eunice tubifex
C: myxobolus cerebralis
D: tylodelphys cerebralis
E: tubifex
F: tubifex benedii (aka tubificoides benedii)
G: streptocephalus simplex
H: tubifex sp. cei
I: sclerophyton cerebriforme (aka sparria cerebriformis)
J: chondrococcus cerebriformis (aka archangium gephyra)
K: None of the above. | [C; A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[8,9].
Myxobolus cerebralis has a complex life cycle that includes two alternate hosts, a salmonid fish and an oligochaete worm, Tubifex tubifex [10,11].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [myxobolus cerebralis; tubifex tubifex]
<Options>: A: tubifex sp. cei
B: myxobolus cerebralis
C: tubifex tubifex complex sp. ceb
D: tubifex cf. tubifex mk-2019
E: tubifex sp. ceh
F: morococcus cerebrosus
G: myxobolus encephalicus (lentospora encephalica) (aka myxobolus encephalicus)
H: sclerophyton cerebriforme (aka sparria cerebriformis)
I: myxobolus hearti
J: tubifex tubifex (lumbricus tubifex) (aka tubifex tubifex)
K: None of the above. | [B; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[8,9].
Myxobolus cerebralis has a complex life cycle that includes two alternate hosts, a salmonid fish and an oligochaete worm, Tubifex tubifex [10,11].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [myxobolus cerebralis; tubifex tubifex]
<Options>: A: myxobolus hearti
B: myxobolus cerebralis
C: myxobolus encephalicus (lentospora encephalica) (aka myxobolus encephalicus)
D: tubifex cf. tubifex mk-2019
E: morococcus cerebrosus
F: sclerophyton cerebriforme (aka sparria cerebriformis)
G: tubifex tubifex complex sp. ceb
H: tubifex sp. cei
I: tubifex sp. ceh
J: None of the above. | [B; J] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Infection in the salmonid host begins when microscopic waterborne actinospore stages of M. cerebralis are released from the worm and contact the skin of the fish host.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [m. cerebralis]
<Options>: A: paraglomus
B: gyrothrix encephalarti
C: distremocephalus
D: encephalus
E: mesopeplum
F: None of the above. | [F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Actinospores, also referred to as triactinomyxons for M. cerebralis, attach preferentially to fins and the buccal cavity where they release one or more of three coiled polar filaments which penetrate and then anchor them to the epidermis[12].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [m. cerebralis]
<Options>: A: neuroctenus
B: paraglomus
C: mesopeplum
D: micronisus
E: gyrothrix encephalarti
F: None of the above. | [F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Death of infected fish or ingestion by fish or avian predators releases myxospores from the fish tissues and they may be ingested by the second host, the benthic dwelling oligochaete T. tubifex [19].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [t. tubifex]
<Options>: A: sludge worm (aka tubifex tubifex)
B: eunice tubifex
C: tubicolixa
D: leucotrichia tubifex
E: tubifex sp. aeb-2002
F: None of the above. | [A] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Susceptibility to whirling disease in U.S. rainbow trout strains is pervasive with only two of the tested native strains displaying any degree of resistance, which may be inconsistent and relatively moderate [21,22].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: brook trout (aka salvelinus fontinalis)
B: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
C: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
D: oncorhynchus gilae (salmo gilae) (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
E: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hatchery rainbow trout in Germany (Hofer strain), however, have acquired a degree of resistance to whirling disease that is consistently much higher than any domestic rainbow strains and comparable to that of brown trout (Salmon trutta), which are native to Europe and typically asymptomatic following infection [23].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; brown trout; salmon trutta]
<Options>: A: salmo trutta fario (river trout) (aka salmo trutta fario)
B: australian salmon (aka arripis trutta)
C: lake ohrid brown trout (aka salmo letnica)
D: salmon trout (aka oncorhynchus masou)
E: western australian salmon (aka arripis truttaceus)
F: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
G: river trout (aka salmo trutta)
H: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
I: brook trout (aka salvelinus fontinalis)
J: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
K: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
L: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
M: cutthroat trout (aka oncorhynchus clarkii)
N: None of the above. | [K; G; G] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hatchery rainbow trout in Germany (Hofer strain), however, have acquired a degree of resistance to whirling disease that is consistently much higher than any domestic rainbow strains and comparable to that of brown trout (Salmon trutta), which are native to Europe and typically asymptomatic following infection [23].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; brown trout; salmon trutta]
<Options>: A: salmon trout (aka oncorhynchus masou)
B: salmo trutta (river trout) (aka salmo trutta)
C: sea trout (aka salmo trutta trutta)
D: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
E: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
F: brook trout (aka salvelinus fontinalis)
G: salmoneus
H: black sea salmon (aka salmo labrax)
I: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
J: salmo gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
K: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
L: None of the above. | [E; B; B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hatchery rainbow trout in Germany (Hofer strain), however, have acquired a degree of resistance to whirling disease that is consistently much higher than any domestic rainbow strains and comparable to that of brown trout (Salmon trutta), which are native to Europe and typically asymptomatic following infection [23].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; brown trout; salmon trutta]
<Options>: A: sea trout (aka salmo trutta trutta)
B: brook trout (aka salvelinus fontinalis)
C: salmo gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
D: salmoneus
E: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
F: black sea salmon (aka salmo labrax)
G: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
H: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
I: salmon trout (aka oncorhynchus masou)
J: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
K: None of the above. | [H; K; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Hatchery rainbow trout in Germany (Hofer strain), however, have acquired a degree of resistance to whirling disease that is consistently much higher than any domestic rainbow strains and comparable to that of brown trout (Salmon trutta), which are native to Europe and typically asymptomatic following infection [23].', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; brown trout; salmon trutta]
<Options>: A: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
B: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
C: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
D: atlantic salmon (aka salmo salar)
E: salmon trout (aka oncorhynchus masou)
F: salmonidae (salmonids) (aka salmonidae)
G: lake trout (aka salvelinus namaycush)
H: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
I: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
J: lake ohrid brown trout (aka salmo letnica)
K: river trout (aka salmo trutta)
L: salmo mykiss (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
M: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
N: None of the above. | [L; K; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Laboratory tests comparing rainbow trout strains under the same environmental conditions and pathogen exposure indicate that the Hofer strain's ability to combat M. cerebralis infection has a genetic basis.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; m. cerebralis]
<Options>: A: striatula
B: golden trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)
C: cerebratulus
D: oncorhynchus mykiss (oncorhynchus nerka mykiss) (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
E: sea trout (aka salmo trutta trutta)
F: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
G: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
H: cranistus
I: somniosus
J: mesopsocus
K: None of the above. | [D; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Laboratory tests comparing rainbow trout strains under the same environmental conditions and pathogen exposure indicate that the Hofer strain's ability to combat M. cerebralis infection has a genetic basis.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; m. cerebralis]
<Options>: A: cerebratulus
B: striatula
C: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
D: paracephaleus
E: oncorhynchus mykiss (oncorhynchus nerka mykiss) (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
F: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
G: neurocallis
H: encephalartos
I: river trout (aka salmo trutta)
J: oncorhynchus gilae (salmo gilae) (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
K: None of the above. | [E; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Recently, controlled crosses of the Hofer strain and a susceptible strain (Colorado River rainbow trout [CRR]) demonstrated that resistance to whirling disease was inherited by progeny [24] and heritability estimates are currently underway.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: japanese salmon (aka oncorhynchus masou)
B: black sea salmon (aka salmo labrax)
C: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
D: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
E: brook trout (aka salvelinus fontinalis)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The discovery of the resistant Hofer strain allowed us to conduct an intraspecific comparison of susceptible and resistant rainbow trout in order to gain insight into the genetic basis underlying whirling disease susceptibility for this species.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: salmo gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
B: river trout (aka salmo trutta fario)
C: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
D: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
E: salmo trutta (river trout) (aka salmo trutta)
F: None of the above. | [D] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, microarray analysis was used to examine expression changes in a resistant and susceptible strain of rainbow trout following exposure to M. cerebralis, the pathogen causing whirling disease.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; m. cerebralis]
<Options>: A: golden trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)
B: salmon trout (aka oncorhynchus masou)
C: cranistus
D: glomus cerebriforme
E: encephalartos
F: cerebratulus
G: encephalus
H: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
I: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
J: oncorhynchus mykiss (oncorhynchus nerka mykiss) (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
K: None of the above. | [J; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, microarray analysis was used to examine expression changes in a resistant and susceptible strain of rainbow trout following exposure to M. cerebralis, the pathogen causing whirling disease.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; m. cerebralis]
<Options>: A: golden trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)
B: paracephaleus
C: cranistus
D: distremocephalus
E: gyrothrix encephalarti
F: sea trout (aka salmo trutta trutta)
G: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
H: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
I: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
J: glomus cerebriforme
K: None of the above. | [G; K] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We have also found a gene which is significantly up-regulated in the resistant but remains unchanged in the susceptible rainbow trout strain following pathogen exposure that is a likely candidate gene for involvement in conferring whirling disease resistance.
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: brook trout (aka salvelinus fontinalis)
B: japanese salmon (aka oncorhynchus masou)
C: salmo trutta (river trout) (aka salmo trutta)
D: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
E: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
F: None of the above. | [E] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Results and Discussion
Quantitative PCR conducted on caudal fin tissues at two hours post exposure to M. cerebralis demonstrated each fish strain had similar initial pathogen loads, although there was substantial variation between individual fish within each strain.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [m. cerebralis]
<Options>: A: encephalartos
B: neuroctenus
C: paregle
D: striatula
E: distremocephalus
F: None of the above. | [F] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These mean values and standard deviations are similar to those obtained in additional studies of susceptible rainbow trout when examined at early time points post TAM exposure (unpublished data).
', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout]
<Options>: A: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
B: salmo mykiss (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
C: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
D: salmo gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae)
E: trouts, salmons & chars (aka salmoninae)
F: None of the above. | [B] |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In order to study genes involved in whirling disease response, resistant and susceptible rainbow trout strains were exposed to M. cerebralis and RNA from skin tissue was converted to cDNA and hybridized onto microarrays.', select the correct biomedical concept for each mention using the provided options. Answer by listing the selected options, one for each mention, separated by semicolon. | <Mentions>: [rainbow trout; m. cerebralis]
<Options>: A: somniosus
B: paregle
C: gyrothrix encephalarti
D: glomus cerebriforme
E: black sea salmon (aka salmo labrax)
F: salmo keta (aka oncorhynchus keta)
G: rainbow trout (aka oncorhynchus mykiss)
H: salmons and trouts (aka salmoniformes)
I: salmo gilae gilae (aka oncorhynchus gilae gilae)
J: cerebratulus
K: None of the above. | [G; K] |
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