Subset (2)

scifact_data · 1.11k rows

Split (2)

train · 809 rows

question_id stringlengths 1 4	question stringlengths 26 249	pos_item_ids listlengths 1 5	pos_item_contents listlengths 1 5
515	High levels of CRP lead to a higher risk of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	[ "29564505" ]	[ "Inflammatory biomarkers and exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.. IMPORTANCE Exacerbations of respiratory symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have profound and long-lasting adverse effects on patients. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that elevated levels of inflammatory bio...
52	ALDH1 expression is associated with poorer prognosis for breast cancer primary tumors.	[ "45638119" ]	[ "ALDH1 is a marker of normal and malignant human mammary stem cells and a predictor of poor clinical outcome.. Application of stem cell biology to breast cancer research has been limited by the lack of simple methods for identification and isolation of normal and malignant stem cells. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo...
523	Higher plasma levels of I-carnitine, when associated with trimethylamine N-oxide, are negatively correlated with cardiovascular events in humans.	[ "14803797" ]	[ "Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of choline and phosphatidylcholine produces trimethylamine (TMA), which is further metabolized to a proatherogenic species, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). We demonstrate here that met...
524	Higher plasma levels of I-carnitine, when associated with trimethylamine N-oxide, are positively correlated with cardiovascular events in humans.	[ "14803797" ]	[ "Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of choline and phosphatidylcholine produces trimethylamine (TMA), which is further metabolized to a proatherogenic species, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). We demonstrate here that met...
526	Homozygous deletion of murine Sbds gene from osterix-expressing mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MPCs) induces oxidative stress.	[ "3863543" ]	[ "Mesenchymal Inflammation Drives Genotoxic Stress in Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Predicts Disease Evolution in Human Pre-leukemia.. Mesenchymal niche cells may drive tissue failure and malignant transformation in the hematopoietic system, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and relevance to human disease remai...
529	Human embryonic stem cells give rise to cell types from all three embryonic germ layers.	[ "10546779", "25413327", "36651210" ]	[ "Evidence of a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell line derived from a cloned blastocyst.. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has recently been used to generate animals with a common genetic composition. In this study, we report the derivation of a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell line (SCNT-hES-...
530	Human embryonic stem cells give rise to cell types from the outer embryonic germ layer, but not the other two layers.	[ "10546779", "25413327", "36651210", "87610599" ]	[ "Evidence of a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell line derived from a cloned blastocyst.. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has recently been used to generate animals with a common genetic composition. In this study, we report the derivation of a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell line (SCNT-hES-...
531	Human embryonic stem cells have the capacity to give rise to differentiated progeny representative of all three embryonic germ layers.	[ "10546779", "25413327", "36651210" ]	[ "Evidence of a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell line derived from a cloned blastocyst.. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology has recently been used to generate animals with a common genetic composition. In this study, we report the derivation of a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell line (SCNT-hES-...
537	Hypocretin neurones suppress panicprone state in rats.	[ "16056514" ]	[ "A KEY ROLE FOR OREXIN IN PANIC ANXIETY. Panic disorder is a severe anxiety disorder with recurrent, debilitating panic attacks. In individuals with panic disorder there is evidence of decreased central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity as well as marked increases in autonomic and respiratory responses after ...
541	Hypothalamic glutamate neurotransmission is unrelated to energy balance.	[ "45154987", "11886686", "25007443" ]	[ "Glutamate mediates the function of melanocortin receptor 4 on Sim1 neurons in body weight regulation.. The melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) is a well-established mediator of body weight homeostasis. However, the neurotransmitter(s) that mediate MC4R function remain largely unknown; as a result, little is known about...
542	IFI16 impedes STING phosphorylation and translocation, resulting in reduced activation of STING.	[ "19688024" ]	[ "IFI16 and cGAS cooperate in the activation of STING during DNA sensing in human keratinocytes. Many human cells can sense the presence of exogenous DNA during infection though the cytosolic DNA receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), which produces the second messenger cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). Other putative DNA r...
545	IFIT1 speeds viral replication by allowing for the proliferation of mis-capped viral RNAs.	[ "24221369" ]	[ "A Conserved Histidine in the RNA Sensor RIG-I Controls Immune Tolerance to N1-2'O-Methylated Self RNA.. The cytosolic helicase retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) initiates immune responses to most RNA viruses by detecting viral 5'-triphosphorylated RNA (pppRNA). Although endogenous mRNA is also 5'-triphosphory...
547	IL-10 production by monocytes inhibits CD4 + T cell response.	[ "10648422" ]	[ "Programmed death-1–induced interleukin-10 production by monocytes impairs CD4+ T cell activation during HIV infection. Viral replication and microbial translocation from the gut to the blood during HIV infection lead to hyperimmune activation, which contributes to the decline in CD4+ T cell numbers during HIV infe...
548	IL-6 signaling plays a major role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.	[ "18199839" ]	[ "Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies. BACKGROUND Persistent inflammation has been proposed to contribute to various stages in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) signalling propagates downstream inflammation cas...
55	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation reduces inflammation-related fibrosis in the lungs.	[ "49556906" ]	[ "Metformin reverses established lung fibrosis in a bleomycin model. Fibrosis is a pathological result of a dysfunctional repair response to tissue injury and occurs in a number of organs, including the lungs1. Cellular metabolism regulates tissue repair and remodelling responses to injury2-4. AMPK is a critical sen...
550	ITAM phosphorylation allows for the transfer of the T cell receptor (TCR) signal from the echo-domain to the cytoplasmic tail of the T cell receptor (TCR).	[ "33499189" ]	[ "Full activation of the T cell receptor requires both clustering and conformational changes at CD3.. T cell receptor (TCR-CD3) triggering involves both receptor clustering and conformational changes at the cytoplasmic tails of the CD3 subunits. The mechanism by which TCRalphabeta ligand binding confers conformation...
553	IgA plasma cells that are specific for transglutaminase 2 are scarce in the duodenal mucosa of celiac disease patients when the disease is active.	[ "1471041" ]	[ "High abundance of plasma cells secreting transglutaminase 2–specific IgA autoantibodies with limited somatic hypermutation in celiac disease intestinal lesions. Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder in which mucosal autoantibodies to the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are generated in response to the exog...
555	Immune complex triggered cell death leads to extracellular release of nuclear DNA.	[ "1049501" ]	[ "Neutrophil extracellular traps enriched in oxidized mitochondrial DNA are interferogenic and contribute to lupus-like disease. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in autoimmunity, but how they are generated and their roles in sterile inflammation remain unclear. Ribonucleoprotein immune complexes ...
557	Immune complex triggered cell death leads to sequestration of oxidized mitochondrial DNA.	[ "1049501" ]	[ "Neutrophil extracellular traps enriched in oxidized mitochondrial DNA are interferogenic and contribute to lupus-like disease. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in autoimmunity, but how they are generated and their roles in sterile inflammation remain unclear. Ribonucleoprotein immune complexes ...
559	Immune responses in immune cells are geographically segregated.	[ "3475317" ]	[ "Inflammatory signaling in human Tuberculosis granulomas is spatially organized. Granulomas are the pathological hallmark of tuberculosis (TB). However, their function and mechanisms of formation remain poorly understood. To understand the role of granulomas in TB, we analyzed the proteomes of granulomas from subje...
562	Improvements in OER catalysts show stable activity over several hundred hours.	[ "20101846" ]	[ "Homogeneously dispersed multimetal oxygen-evolving catalysts. Earth-abundant first-row (3d) transition metal–based catalysts have been developed for the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER); however, they operate at overpotentials substantially above thermodynamic requirements. Density functional theory suggested that ...
563	In British Men, haplogroup I decreases risk of cardiovascular disease.	[ "2867345" ]	[ "Inheritance of coronary artery disease in men: an analysis of the role of the Y chromosome. BACKGROUND A sexual dimorphism exists in the incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease--men are more commonly affected than are age-matched women. We explored the role of the Y chromosome in coronary artery diseas...
564	In British Men, haplogroup I increases risk of cardiovascular disease by 50%.	[ "2867345" ]	[ "Inheritance of coronary artery disease in men: an analysis of the role of the Y chromosome. BACKGROUND A sexual dimorphism exists in the incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease--men are more commonly affected than are age-matched women. We explored the role of the Y chromosome in coronary artery diseas...
565	In S. cerevisiae, the absence of RNA surveillance pathways causes sensitivity to high iron conditions.	[ "16120395" ]	[ "Multiple RNA surveillance pathways limit aberrant expression of iron uptake mRNAs and prevent iron toxicity in S. cerevisiae.. Tight regulation of the expression of mRNAs encoding iron uptake proteins is essential to control iron homeostasis and avoid intracellular iron toxicity. We show that many mRNAs encoding i...
566	In S. cerevisiae, the absence of RNA surveillance pathways reduces sensitivity to high iron conditions.	[ "16120395" ]	[ "Multiple RNA surveillance pathways limit aberrant expression of iron uptake mRNAs and prevent iron toxicity in S. cerevisiae.. Tight regulation of the expression of mRNAs encoding iron uptake proteins is essential to control iron homeostasis and avoid intracellular iron toxicity. We show that many mRNAs encoding i...
568	In a naive state, blocking Wingless-Int-1 secretion from mouse embryonic stem cells inhibits self-renewal of the mouse embryonic stem cells.	[ "23418635" ]	[ "Embryonic stem cells require Wnt proteins to prevent differentiation to epiblast stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells exist in naive and primed states, epitomized by mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the developmentally more advanced epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs; ref. ). In the naive state of ESCs, the genome has...
570	In breast cancer, the loss of myoepithelial cells promotes the transition of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma.	[ "20333864" ]	[ "Regulation of in situ to invasive breast carcinoma transition.. The transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive carcinoma is a poorly understood key event in breast tumor progression. Here, we analyzed the role of myoepithelial cells and fibroblasts in the progression of in situ carcinomas using a mo...
571	In breast cancer, the loss of myoepithelial cells slows the transition of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma.	[ "20333864" ]	[ "Regulation of in situ to invasive breast carcinoma transition.. The transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive carcinoma is a poorly understood key event in breast tumor progression. Here, we analyzed the role of myoepithelial cells and fibroblasts in the progression of in situ carcinomas using a mo...
572	In chronic viral infections or tumors, peptides that selectively inhibit PTPRS can be utilized to boost insufficient activity of pDCs.	[ "4447055" ]	[ "Modulation of the proteoglycan receptor PTPσ promotes recovery after spinal cord injury. Contusive spinal cord injury leads to a variety of disabilities owing to limited neuronal regeneration and functional plasticity. It is well established that an upregulation of glial-derived chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans ...
573	In domesticated populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, segmental aneuploidy is very common.	[ "10300888" ]	[ "Domestication and Divergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Beer Yeasts. Whereas domestication of livestock, pets, and crops is well documented, it is still unclear to what extent microbes associated with the production of food have also undergone human selection and where the plethora of industrial strains originate...
574	In domesticated populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, segmental aneuploidy occurs infrequently.	[ "10300888" ]	[ "Domestication and Divergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Beer Yeasts. Whereas domestication of livestock, pets, and crops is well documented, it is still unclear to what extent microbes associated with the production of food have also undergone human selection and where the plethora of industrial strains originate...
576	In melanoma, anti-CTLA-4 treatment reinvigorates exhausted PD-1+Eomes+CD8 T cells.	[ "4468861" ]	[ "Radiation and Dual Checkpoint Blockade Activates Non-Redundant Immune Mechanisms in Cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors result in impressive clinical responses, but optimal results will require combination with each other and other therapies. This raises fundamental questions about mechanisms of non-redundancy an...
579	In patients with congenital heart defects, β-blockers significantly improve clinical heart failure outcomes.	[ "34139429" ]	[ "Carvedilol for children and adolescents with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.. CONTEXT Although beta-blockers improve symptoms and survival in adults with heart failure, little is known about these medications in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the effects of carvedilol i...
58	APOE4 expression in iPSC-derived neurons results in decreased tau phosphorylation.	[ "4709641" ]	[ "Gain of toxic Apolipoprotein E4 effects in Human iPSC-Derived Neurons Is Ameliorated by a Small-Molecule Structure Corrector. Efforts to develop drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have shown promise in animal studies, only to fail in human trials, suggesting a pressing need to study AD in human model systems. Usin...
580	In pediatric tissue, most T cells are naive T cell emigrants from the thymus.	[ "23460562" ]	[ "Early life compartmentalization of human T cell differentiation and regulatory function in mucosal and lymphoid tissues. It is unclear how the immune response in early life becomes appropriately stimulated to provide protection while also avoiding excessive activation as a result of diverse new antigens. T cells a...
582	In rhesus macaques, daily subcutaneous injections of emtricitabine are ineffective at protecting against rectally transmitted simian-human immunodeficiency virus.	[ "14260013" ]	[ "Prevention of Rectal SHIV Transmission in Macaques by Daily or Intermittent Prophylaxis with Emtricitabine and Tenofovir . BACKGROUND In the absence of an effective vaccine, HIV continues to spread globally, emphasizing the need for novel strategies to limit its transmission. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with a...
584	In rhesus macaques, daily subcutaneous injections of tenofovir protects against rectally transmitted simian-human immunodeficiency virus.	[ "14260013" ]	[ "Prevention of Rectal SHIV Transmission in Macaques by Daily or Intermittent Prophylaxis with Emtricitabine and Tenofovir . BACKGROUND In the absence of an effective vaccine, HIV continues to spread globally, emphasizing the need for novel strategies to limit its transmission. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with a...
585	In the UK, drowning affects boys and girls equally.	[ "42291761" ]	[ "Preventing deaths by drowning in children in the United Kingdom: have we made progress in 10 years? Population based incidence study.. Detailed information on drowning in children is not routinely collected by offices of national statistics. Few studies have been carried out in the United Kingdom, and none has bee...
588	In transgenic mice harboring green florescent protein under the control of the Sox2 promoter, more than 50 percent of the cells with green florescent colocalize with cell proliferation markers.	[ "16999023" ]	[ "Cell Stem Cell Article In Vivo Fate Analysis Reveals the Multipotent and Self-Renewal Capacities of Sox2 + Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus. To characterize the properties of adult neural stem cells (NSCs), we generated and analyzed Sox2-GFP transgenic mice. Sox2-GFP cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) e...
590	In young and middle-aged adults, current or remote uses of ADHD medications increase the risk of serious cardiovascular events.	[ "10984005" ]	[ "ADHD medications and risk of serious cardiovascular events in young and middle-aged adults.. CONTEXT More than 1.5 million US adults use stimulants and other medications labeled for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These agents can increase heart rate and blood pressure, raising concer...
591	Incidence of 10/66 dementia is higher than the incidence of DSM-IV dementia.	[ "14682243" ]	[ "Dementia incidence and mortality in middle-income countries, and associations with indicators of cognitive reserve: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based cohort study. BACKGROUND Results of the few cohort studies from countries with low incomes or middle incomes suggest a lower incidence of dementia tha...
592	Incidence of 10/66 dementia is lower than the incidence of DSM-IV dementia.	[ "14682243" ]	[ "Dementia incidence and mortality in middle-income countries, and associations with indicators of cognitive reserve: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based cohort study. BACKGROUND Results of the few cohort studies from countries with low incomes or middle incomes suggest a lower incidence of dementia tha...
594	Incidence of heart failure increased by 10% in women since 1979.	[ "19675911" ]	[ "Trends in heart failure incidence and survival in a community-based population.. CONTEXT The epidemic of heart failure has yet to be fully investigated, and data on incidence, survival, and sex-specific temporal trends in community-based populations are limited. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the incidence ...
595	Incidence of sepsis has fallen substantially from 2009 to 2014.	[ "4824840" ]	[ "Incidence and Trends of Sepsis in US Hospitals Using Clinical vs Claims Data, 2009-2014. Importance Estimates from claims-based analyses suggest that the incidence of sepsis is increasing and mortality rates from sepsis are decreasing. However, estimates from claims data may lack clinical fidelity and can be affec...
6	10% of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) deaths happen in newborns aged less than 6 months.	[ "2613775" ]	[ "Sudden infant death syndrome.. Despite declines in prevalence during the past two decades, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) continues to be the leading cause of death for infants aged between 1 month and 1 year in developed countries. Behavioural risk factors identified in epidemiological studies include prone ...
60	ART has no effect on the infectiveness of HIV-positive people.	[ "13899137", "13901073" ]	[ "HIV Treatment as Prevention: Systematic Comparison of Mathematical Models of the Potential Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Incidence in South Africa. BACKGROUND Many mathematical models have investigated the impact of expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on new HIV infections. Comparing results...
600	Including pharmacists in rounding teams does not alter the incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs).	[ "12258338" ]	[ "Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit.. CONTEXT Pharmacist review of medication orders in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been shown to prevent errors, and pharmacist consultation has reduced drug costs. However, whether pharmacist participation in the IC...
601	Including pharmacists in rounding teams reduces the incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs).	[ "12258338" ]	[ "Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit.. CONTEXT Pharmacist review of medication orders in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been shown to prevent errors, and pharmacist consultation has reduced drug costs. However, whether pharmacist participation in the IC...
602	Increase of p62 in prostate tumor stroma results in defective autophagy.	[ "3701541" ]	[ "p62/SQSTM1 by Binding to Vitamin D Receptor Inhibits Hepatic Stellate Cell Activity, Fibrosis, and Liver Cancer.. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play critical roles in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation in HSCs inhibits liver inflammation and fibrosis. We found th...
603	Increased LDL receptors plays a role in the reduction of plasma Lp(a).	[ "6540064" ]	[ "Effects of PCSK9 Inhibition With Alirocumab on Lipoprotein Metabolism in Healthy Humans. BACKGROUND Alirocumab, a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), lowers plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB). Although studies in mice and cells ...
606	Increased conversion of PGE 2 to PPARy ligand 15-ket-PGE 2 causes accumulation of PGE.	[ "712078" ]	[ "Pharmacological correction of a defect in PPARγ signaling ameliorates disease severity in Cftr-deficient mice. Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (encoded by Cftr) that impair its role as an apical chloride channel that supports bicarbonate transport. ...
607	Increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm.	[ "4506414" ]	[ "Blood pressure and incidence of twelve cardiovascular diseases: lifetime risks, healthy life-years lost, and age-specific associations in 1·25 million people. BACKGROUND The associations of blood pressure with the different manifestations of incident cardiovascular disease in a contemporary population have not bee...
609	Increased flux of microbial products provokes immune responses.	[ "40096222" ]	[ "Compromised intestinal epithelial barrier induces adaptive immune compensation that protects from colitis.. Mice lacking junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A, encoded by F11r) exhibit enhanced intestinal epithelial permeability, bacterial translocation, and elevated colonic lymphocyte numbers, yet do not develop ...
61	ART substantially reduces infectiveness of HIV-positive people.	[ "13899137", "13901073" ]	[ "HIV Treatment as Prevention: Systematic Comparison of Mathematical Models of the Potential Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Incidence in South Africa. BACKGROUND Many mathematical models have investigated the impact of expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on new HIV infections. Comparing results...
610	Increased flux of microbial products suppresses immune responses.	[ "40096222" ]	[ "Compromised intestinal epithelial barrier induces adaptive immune compensation that protects from colitis.. Mice lacking junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A, encoded by F11r) exhibit enhanced intestinal epithelial permeability, bacterial translocation, and elevated colonic lymphocyte numbers, yet do not develop ...
611	Increased lipolysis leads to higher P38 phosphorylation in adipose tissue.	[ "32408470" ]	[ "Activation of AMPKα2 in adipocytes is essential for nicotine-induced insulin resistance in vivo. Cigarette smoking promotes body weight reduction in humans while paradoxically also promoting insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are unclear. Here we show that ni...
612	Increased microtubule acetylation exacerbates LRRK2 Roc-COR domain mutation induced locomotor deficits.	[ "9638032" ]	[ "Increasing microtubule acetylation rescues axonal transport and locomotor deficits caused by LRRK2 Roc-COR domain mutations. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 is a multifunctional protein affecting many cellular processes and has been des...
614	Increased microtubule acetylation repairs interference of axonal transport caused by LRRK2 Roc-COR domain mutations.	[ "9638032" ]	[ "Increasing microtubule acetylation rescues axonal transport and locomotor deficits caused by LRRK2 Roc-COR domain mutations. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 is a multifunctional protein affecting many cellular processes and has been des...
615	Increased microtubule acetylation worsens interference of axonal transport caused by LRRK2 Roc-COR domain mutations.	[ "9638032" ]	[ "Increasing microtubule acetylation rescues axonal transport and locomotor deficits caused by LRRK2 Roc-COR domain mutations. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 is a multifunctional protein affecting many cellular processes and has been des...
616	Increased mobility of retrotransposons does not lead to mutation and higher tumorigenesis rates.	[ "18670" ]	[ "The DNA Methylome of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. DNA methylation plays an important role in biological processes in human health and disease. Recent technological advances allow unbiased whole-genome DNA methylation (methylome) analysis to be carried out on human cells. Using whole-genome bisulfite s...
617	Increased mobility of retrotransposons is assosciated with mutation and higher tumorigenesis rates.	[ "18670" ]	[ "The DNA Methylome of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. DNA methylation plays an important role in biological processes in human health and disease. Recent technological advances allow unbiased whole-genome DNA methylation (methylome) analysis to be carried out on human cells. Using whole-genome bisulfite s...
618	Increased purity of cytoplasmic membranes isolated from overexpressors is indicated by stronger spots for OmpF in 2D BN-PAGE gels.	[ "6836086" ]	[ "Identification of a Multicomponent Complex Required for Outer Membrane Biogenesis in Escherichia coli. Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (OM) that functions as a barrier to protect the cell from toxic compounds such as antibiotics and detergents. The OM is a highly asymmetric bilayer composed of phosph...
62	ATF4 is a general endoplasmic reticulum stress marker.	[ "32587939" ]	[ "Wolfram syndrome 1 and adenylyl cyclase 8 interact at the plasma membrane to regulate insulin production and secretion. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and contributes to β-cell loss and the progression of type 2 diabetes. Wolfram syndrome 1 (WFS1) has been shown to be an imp...
620	Increased vessel density along with a reduction in fibrosis improves the efficacy of chemotherapy treatments.	[ "2565138" ]	[ "Hyaluronan impairs vascular function and drug delivery in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterised by stromal desmoplasia and vascular dysfunction, which critically impair drug delivery. This study examines the role of an abundant extracellular matrix co...
621	Individuals with Alzheimers who participate in six months of physical activity improve cognitive function for up to 18 months.	[ "1642727" ]	[ "Effect of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease: a randomized trial.. CONTEXT Many observational studies have shown that physical activity reduces the risk of cognitive decline; however, evidence from randomized trials is lacking. OBJECTIVE To determine whether physi...
622	Individuals with low serum vitamin D concentrations have decreased risk of multiple sclerosis.	[ "17000834" ]	[ "Past exposure to sun, skin phenotype, and risk of multiple sclerosis: case-control study.. OBJECTIVE To examine whether past high sun exposure is associated with a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis. DESIGN Population based case-control study. SETTING Tasmania, latitudes 41-3 degrees S. PARTICIPANTS 136 cases wi...
624	Induced hepatic stem cells possess the potential to differentiate into cholangiocytic cells.	[ "20033112" ]	[ "Reprogramming fibroblasts into bipotential hepatic stem cells by defined factors.. Recent studies have demonstrated direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into a range of somatic cell types, but to date stem or progenitor cells have only been reprogrammed for the blood and neuronal lineages. We previously reported ge...
625	Induced hepatic stem cells possess the potential to differentiate into hepatocytic cells.	[ "20033112" ]	[ "Reprogramming fibroblasts into bipotential hepatic stem cells by defined factors.. Recent studies have demonstrated direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into a range of somatic cell types, but to date stem or progenitor cells have only been reprogrammed for the blood and neuronal lineages. We previously reported ge...
626	Induction of urokinase receptor signaling in podocytes causes foot process effacement and proteinuria.	[ "16355392" ]	[ "Modification of kidney barrier function by the urokinase receptor. Podocyte dysfunction, represented by foot process effacement and proteinuria, is often the starting point for progressive kidney disease. Therapies aimed at the cellular level of the disease are currently not available. Here we show that induction ...
63	ATM and Rad3 related protein are critical for sensing DNA damage.	[ "40349336" ]	[ "Deletion of the developmentally essential gene ATR in adult mice leads to age-related phenotypes and stem cell loss.. Developmental abnormalities, cancer, and premature aging each have been linked to defects in the DNA damage response (DDR). Mutations in the ATR checkpoint regulator cause developmental defects in ...
631	Inhibiting HDAC6 increases survival of mice with ARID1A mutated tumors.	[ "5468807" ]	[ "ARID1A-mutated ovarian cancers depend on HDAC6 activity. ARID1A, encoding a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex, is the most frequently mutated epigenetic regulator across all human cancers. ARID1A and TP53 mutations are typically mutually exclusive. Therapeutic approaches that correlate with this...
632	Inhibiting focal adhesion formation enables cells to convert mechanical strain into eventual scarring.	[ "5172048" ]	[ "Focal adhesion kinase links mechanical force to skin fibrosis via inflammatory signaling. Exuberant fibroproliferation is a common complication after injury for reasons that are not well understood. One key component of wound repair that is often overlooked is mechanical force, which regulates cell-matrix interact...
633	Inhibiting focal adhesion formation increases the rate at which cells convert mechanical strain into inflammation and fibrosis.	[ "5172048" ]	[ "Focal adhesion kinase links mechanical force to skin fibrosis via inflammatory signaling. Exuberant fibroproliferation is a common complication after injury for reasons that are not well understood. One key component of wound repair that is often overlooked is mechanical force, which regulates cell-matrix interact...
635	Inhibiting glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase improves lipogenesis by deactivating LKB1-AMPK signaling.	[ "1686997" ]	[ "6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumor growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signaling. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) contributes to tumour growth, but the precise contribution of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), the third enzyme in this pathway, to tumorigenes...
638	Input from mental and physical health care professionals is not effective at decreasing homelessness.	[ "25649714" ]	[ "Mental health problems of homeless children and families: longitudinal study.. OBJECTIVE To establish the mental health needs of homeless children and families before and after rehousing. DESIGN Cross sectional, longitudinal study. SETTING City of Birmingham. SUBJECTS 58 rehoused families with 103 children aged 2-...
64	ATM and Rad3 related protein have no role in sensing DNA damage.	[ "40349336" ]	[ "Deletion of the developmentally essential gene ATR in adult mice leads to age-related phenotypes and stem cell loss.. Developmental abnormalities, cancer, and premature aging each have been linked to defects in the DNA damage response (DDR). Mutations in the ATR checkpoint regulator cause developmental defects in ...
640	Inside the body, falciparum parasites reproduce asexually.	[ "6503185" ]	[ "Malaria biology and disease pathogenesis: insights for new treatments. Plasmodium falciparum malaria, an infectious disease caused by a parasitic protozoan, claims the lives of nearly a million children each year in Africa alone and is a top public health concern. Evidence is accumulating that resistance to artemi...
642	Insulin decreases risk of severe kidney failure.	[ "13619127" ]	[ "Diabetes treatments and risk of amputation, blindness, severe kidney failure, hyperglycaemia, and hypoglycaemia: open cohort study in primary care. OBJECTIVE To assess the risks of amputation, blindness, severe kidney failure, hyperglycaemia, and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes associated with presc...
643	Insulin effects appetite via ventral tegmental neurons.	[ "15535511" ]	[ "Role for insulin signaling in catecholaminergic neurons in control of energy homeostasis.. Dopaminergic midbrain neurons integrate signals on food palatability and food-associated reward into the complex control of energy homeostasis. To define the role of insulin receptor (IR) signaling in this circuitry, we inac...
645	Intake of folic acid (FA) and vitamin B6 (VB6) increases levels of homocysteine.	[ "12810152" ]	[ "Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women.. CONTEXT Hyperhomocysteinemia is caused by genetic and lifestyle influences, including low intakes of folate and vitamin B6. However, prospective data relating intake of these vitamins to risk of coronary hea...
646	Intake of folic acid (FA) and vitamin B6 (VB6) reduces levels of homocysteine.	[ "12810152" ]	[ "Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women.. CONTEXT Hyperhomocysteinemia is caused by genetic and lifestyle influences, including low intakes of folate and vitamin B6. However, prospective data relating intake of these vitamins to risk of coronary hea...
647	Integrated care is ineffective at tackling multiple comorbidities.	[ "15041758" ]	[ "Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: results of randomised trial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care for chronic physical diseases and depression in reducing disability and improving quality of life. DESIGN A randomised controlled trial of multi-c...
648	Integrated care is successful at tackling multiple comorbidities.	[ "15041758" ]	[ "Functional outcomes of multi-condition collaborative care and successful ageing: results of randomised trial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care for chronic physical diseases and depression in reducing disability and improving quality of life. DESIGN A randomised controlled trial of multi-c...
650	Integrating classroom-based collaborative learning with Web-based collaborative learning offers the best class performance.	[ "12789595" ]	[ "Computer assisted learning in undergraduate medical education.. It is becoming “a truth universally acknowledged” that the education of undergraduate medical students will be enhanced through the use of computer assisted learning. Access to the wide range of online options illustrated in the figure must surely mak...
651	Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) Irf1, Irg1, Ifi27, and Rsad2 encourage West Nile virus replication in cortical neurons.	[ "9433958" ]	[ "Differential innate immune response programs in neuronal subtypes determine susceptibility to infection in the brain by positive stranded RNA viruses. Although susceptibility of neurons in the brain to microbial infection is a major determinant of clinical outcome, little is known about the molecular factors gover...
652	Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) Irf1, Irg1, Ifi27, and Rsad2 inhibit West Nile virus replication in cortical neurons.	[ "9433958" ]	[ "Differential innate immune response programs in neuronal subtypes determine susceptibility to infection in the brain by positive stranded RNA viruses. Although susceptibility of neurons in the brain to microbial infection is a major determinant of clinical outcome, little is known about the molecular factors gover...
653	Interleukin-18 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.	[ "24384587" ]	[ "Interleukin 18 function in atherosclerosis is mediated by the interleukin 18 receptor and the Na-Cl co-transporter. Interleukin-18 (IL18) participates in atherogenesis through several putative mechanisms. Interruption of IL18 action reduces atherosclerosis in mice. Here, we show that absence of the IL18 receptor (...
654	Intra-cerebroventricular infusion of amyloid-β oligomers increases expression of fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5 mRNA in mice hippocampi.	[ "57574395" ]	[ "Exercise-linked FNDC5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in Alzheimer’s models. Defective brain hormonal signaling has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized by synapse and memory failure. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine released on cleavage of the membrane...
655	Intra-cerebroventricular infusion of amyloid-β oligomers reduces expression of fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5 mRNA in mice hippocampi.	[ "57574395" ]	[ "Exercise-linked FNDC5/irisin rescues synaptic plasticity and memory defects in Alzheimer’s models. Defective brain hormonal signaling has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized by synapse and memory failure. Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine released on cleavage of the membrane...
657	Intramembrane cleavage by signal peptide peptidase aids in the degradation of proteins with a complex membrane orientation.	[ "8533245" ]	[ "Ubiquitin-dependent intramembrane rhomboid protease promotes ERAD of membrane proteins.. The ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway serves as an important cellular safeguard by directing incorrectly folded and unassembled proteins from the ER to the proteasome. Still, however, little is known about the component...
658	It is not proven that moderate consumption of candy and chocolate reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) specifically.	[ "5293024" ]	[ "Life is sweet: candy consumption and longevity.. Our attitude towards candy—“if it tastes that good, it can't be healthy”—betrays society's puritanical stance towards pleasure. Candy has been blamed for various ills, including hyperactivity in children; however, clinical trials have not supported this.1 Candy—sug...
66	AZT given with ribavirin increases anemia.	[ "14806256" ]	[ "Hepatotoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus and the role of hepatitis C or B virus infection.. CONTEXT Use of antiretroviral drugs, including protease inhibitors, for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been anecdotally associ...
661	JMJD6 catalyzes the hydroxylation of C-terminal lysine and supresses transcriptional activity.	[ "37204802" ]	[ "JMJD6 Promotes Colon Carcinogenesis through Negative Regulation of p53 by Hydroxylation. Jumonji domain-containing 6 (JMJD6) is a member of the Jumonji C domain-containing family of proteins. Compared to other members of the family, the cellular activity of JMJD6 is still not clearly defined and its biological fun...
662	JMJD6 slows the hydroxylation of C-terminal lysine	[ "37204802" ]	[ "JMJD6 Promotes Colon Carcinogenesis through Negative Regulation of p53 by Hydroxylation. Jumonji domain-containing 6 (JMJD6) is a member of the Jumonji C domain-containing family of proteins. Compared to other members of the family, the cellular activity of JMJD6 is still not clearly defined and its biological fun...
663	KLF4 is necessary for VSMCs to gain genetic characteristics of other cell types within atherosclerotic lesions.	[ "22080671" ]	[ "KLF4-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells has a key role in atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis. Previous studies investigating the role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have provided controversial results owing to the use of unreliable methods ...
665	KRT17 modulates the expression of the transcriptional regulator AIRE in diseased epithelia.	[ "12580014" ]	[ "Keratin-dependent regulation of Aire and gene expression in skin tumor keratinocytes. Expression of the intermediate filament protein keratin 17 (K17) is robustly upregulated in inflammatory skin diseases and in many tumors originating in stratified and pseudostratified epithelia. We report that autoimmune regulat...
666	Kir7.1 modulates channel activity by the G protein-coupled melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.	[ "4469125" ]	[ "G-protein-independent coupling of MC4R to Kir7.1 in hypothalamic neurons. The regulated release of anorexigenic α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and orexigenic Agouti-related protein (AgRP) from discrete hypothalamic arcuate neurons onto common target sites in the central nervous system has a fundamental r...
667	Klf2 is important for proper myeloid cell function.	[ "6493422" ]	[ "The myeloid transcription factor KLF2 regulates the host response to polymicrobial infection and endotoxic shock.. Precise control of myeloid cell activation is required for optimal host defense. However, this activation process must be under exquisite control to prevent uncontrolled inflammation. Herein, we ident...
668	Klf4 is important for proper myeloid cell differentiation.	[ "6493422", "25148216" ]	[ "The myeloid transcription factor KLF2 regulates the host response to polymicrobial infection and endotoxic shock.. Precise control of myeloid cell activation is required for optimal host defense. However, this activation process must be under exquisite control to prevent uncontrolled inflammation. Herein, we ident...
669	Klf4 is not required for proper myeloid cell differentiation.	[ "6493422", "25148216" ]	[ "The myeloid transcription factor KLF2 regulates the host response to polymicrobial infection and endotoxic shock.. Precise control of myeloid cell activation is required for optimal host defense. However, this activation process must be under exquisite control to prevent uncontrolled inflammation. Herein, we ident...

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