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Practice Corner COVID-19: What We Have Learned So Far | |
Autoimmune Reactions Against Myelin Basic Protein Induced by Corona and Measles Viruses | |
Delivery of SA35 and SA40 peptides in mice enhances humoral and cellular immune responses and confers protection against Cryptosporidium parvum infection | BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of diarrhea in children and ruminants at the earliest stages of life. Maternal antibodies represent the main shield of neonate mammals for most of the infections. Two recombinant antigens (SA35 and SA40), portions of two C. parvum proteins, were tested for their abili... |
Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Entry Proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in Cells of the Olfactory Epithelium: Identification of Cell Types and Trends with Age | [Image: see text] The COVID-19 pandemic revealed that there is a loss of smell in many patients, including in infected but otherwise asymptomatic individuals. The underlying mechanisms for the olfactory symptoms are unclear. Using a mouse model, we determined whether cells in the olfactory epithelium express the obliga... |
Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 26 Cases of COVID-19 Arising from Patient-to-Patient Transmission in Liaocheng, China [Corrigendum] | [This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S249903.]. |
Diagnosis and treatment of viral diseases in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation | Viral infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell hematopoietic transplantation (allo-HSCT). Although most viral infections present with asymptomatic or subclinical manifestations, viruses may result in fatal complications in severe immunocompromised recipients. Reactivation of... |
Applying Triage Principles of Mass Casualty Events to the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic: From the Perspective of the Acute Care Surgeons at Long Island Jewish Medical Center in the COVID Epicenter of the United States | |
Testing the effectiveness of physical activity advice delivered via text messaging vs. human phone advisors in a Latino population: The On The Move randomized controlled trial design and methods | Abstract Physical inactivity is a key risk factor for a range of chronic diseases and conditions, yet, approximately 50% of U.S. adults fall below recommended levels of regular aerobic physical activity (PA). This is particularly true for ethnic minority populations such as Latino adults for whom few culturally adapted... |
T cell ageing: Effects of age on development, survival & function | Age associated decline of the immune system continues to be a major health concern. All components of innate and adaptive immunity are adversely affected to lesser or greater extent by ageing resulting in an overall decline of immunocompetence. As a result in the aged population, there is increased susceptibility to in... |
Characterization of a nucleic acid probe for the diagnosis of human coronavirus 229E infections | A cDNA copy of the HCV229E nucleocapsid protein gene was isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis predicts a nucleocapsid polypeptide of 389 amino acids with a molecular weight (mol. wt.) of 43,450. Single strand RNA probes derived from the cDNA copy hybridize specifically to HCV229E RNA and approximately 50 pg of... |
The Novel Coronavirus – A Snapshot of Current Knowledge | Another animal to human transmission of a coronavirus occurred in December 2019 on a live animal market in the Chinese city of Wuhan causing an epidemic in China, reaching now different continents. This minireview summarizes the research literature on the virological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of this epidem... |
Techniques actuelles de diagnostic des infections virales respiratoires en réanimation | Résumé Plusieurs centaines de virus respiratoires différents peuvent être détectés chez les patients atteints d'une infection virale respiratoire et hospitalisés dans un service de réanimation: virus influenza, virus respiratoire syncytial, virus para-influenza, adénovirus, coronavirus, rhinovirus, entérovirus, métapne... |
Terminal complement inhibition dampens the inflammation during COVID‐19 | Emerging evidence suggests that activation of the complement system is critical in the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of COVID‐19 related lung injury. Inhibition of the terminal complement pathway by targeting complement protein 5 (C5) may be an effective therapeutic intervention... |
How should we treat pregnant women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2? | The health crisis caused by the novel SARS-cov-2 (formally called 2019-nCoV) related pandemic requires urgent action, including a necessary therapeutic response. Pregnant women are just as exposed as the general population and should not be excluded, because of their status, from discussions on effective and well toler... |
Basic Approach to Veterinary Care of Ferrets | The approach to preventive medicine and basic veterinary care in ferrets is very similar to that used in dogs and cats. Special equipment needs are minimal, and pet ferrets can be easily incorporated into a general small animal practice. This chapter describes the unique aspects of handling, restraint, and clinical and... |
Response to Letter to the Editor titled ‘Risk Modeling for Unplanned Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission’ | |
Self-assembly of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Membrane Protein | Coronavirus membrane (M) protein can form virus-like particles (VLPs) when coexpressed with nucleocapsid (N) or envelope (E) proteins, suggesting a pivotal role for M in virion assembly. Here we demonstrate the self-assembly and release of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) M protein in medium in ... |
Respiratory viral infection in lower airways of asymptomatic children | Aim: The aim of this study was to determine if asthmatic children have viruses more commonly detected in lower airways during asymptomatic periods than normal children. Methods: Fifty‐five asymptomatic children attending elective surgical procedures (14 with stable asthma, 41 normal controls) underwent non‐bronchoscopi... |
Crystallographic, thermodynamic, and molecular modeling studies of the mode of binding of oligosaccharides to the potent antiviral protein griffithsin | The mode of binding of oligosaccharides to griffithsin, an antiviral lectin from the red alga Griffithsia sp., was investigated by a combination of X‐ray crystallography, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular modeling. The structures of complexes of griffithsin with 1→6α‐mannobiose and with maltose were solve... |
The effect of substance P on asthmatic rat airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and cytoplasmic calcium concentration in vitro | |
Commentary: Challenges for PhD students during COVID‐19 pandemic: Turning crisis into an opportunity | COVID‐19 results in the suspension of life all over the world. Universities suspended their academic activities except for online courses for undergrad and grad students. However, PhD students in both biochemistry and molecular biology fields must hold their experiments at the laboratories. Even under these extreme cir... |
Wuchang Fangcang Shelter Hospital: Practices, Experiences, and Lessons Learned in Controlling COVID-19 | In early January 2020, the outbreak of the new corona virus pneumonia (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19) occurred. Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, became the epicenter of the disease in China. The rapid growth of patients had exceeded the maximum affordability of local medical resources. A large comprehen... |
The association between blood eosinophil percent and bacterial infection in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Introduction: The use of antibiotics is based on the clinician’s experience and judgment, and antibiotics may often be overused in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Eosinophils have been studied as biomarkers of bacterial infection and prognostic factors in chronic ... |
Airborne rhinovirus detection and effect of ultraviolet irradiation on detection by a semi-nested RT-PCR assay | BACKGROUND: Rhinovirus, the most common cause of upper respiratory tract infections, has been implicated in asthma exacerbations and possibly asthma deaths. Although the method of transmission of rhinoviruses is disputed, several studies have demonstrated that aerosol transmission is a likely method of transmission amo... |
COVID-19: Unique public health issues facing Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities | Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease is a serious public health emergency, with serious adverse implications for populations, healthcare systems, and economies globally. Recently, concerns have been raised about possible association between ethnicity, incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 arisen from early government dat... |
Oncology Nursing During a Pandemic: Critical Reflections in the Context of COVID-19 | Abstract Objectives To provide a critical reflection of COVID-19 in the context of oncology nursing and provide recommendations for caring for people affected by cancer during this pandemic. Data sources Electronic databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Scopus, professional websites, and grey literature were s... |
The Role of Macrophage Polarization in Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases | Macrophages, found in circulating blood as well as integrated into several tissues and organs throughout the body, represent an important first line of defense against disease and a necessary component of healthy tissue homeostasis. Additionally, macrophages that arise from the differentiation of monocytes recruited fr... |
What can academia learn from XMRV studies? | |
Caregiver Burden in Multiple Sclerosis: Recent Trends and Future Directions | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In spite of recent advances in treatment, many people with multiple sclerosis (MS) require ongoing care and support. Informal caregivers can experience burden as a result of their role, with possible implications for quality of life (QOL). We review recent research examining MS caregiver experience t... |
Letter to Editor Response to Covid-19 Endocrinology & Diabetology | |
Total parenteral nutritional therapy of a foal with diarrhoea from which parvovirus‐like particles were identified | |
Clinical evidence for repurposing chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as antiviral agents: a systematic review | BACKGROUND: Repurposing hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) as antiviral agents is a re-emerging topic with new viral epidemics. OBJECTIVES: To summarize evidence from human clinical studies for using HCQ or CQ as antiviral agents for any viral infection. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science f... |
The COVID-19 response must integrate people living with HIV needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Mali | The first COVID-19 cases in Mali were reported almost 1 month after the first case in the African continent. However, the outbreak continues to spread faster there than in other countries which, along with Mali, successfully tackled the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Africa. Given this context, specific actions targeting peopl... |
The Origin, Dynamic Morphology, and PI4P-Independent Formation of Encephalomyocarditis Virus Replication Organelles | Picornaviruses induce dramatic rearrangements of endomembranes in the cells that they infect to produce dedicated platforms for viral replication. These structures, termed replication organelles (ROs), have been well characterized for the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae. However, it is unknown whether the diver... |
Covid-19: Japan ends state of emergency but warns of "new normal". | |
BCG as a game-changer to prevent the infection and severity of COVID-19 pandemic | Abstract The impact of COVID-19 is changing country wise and depends on universal immunization policies. COVID-19 badly affects countries that did not have universal immunization policies or having them only for the selective population of countries (highly prominent population) like Italy, USA, UK, Netherland, etc. Un... |
A putative diacidic motif in the SARS-CoV ORF6 protein influences its subcellular localization and suppression of expression of co-transfected expression constructs | BACKGROUND: The ORF6 protein is one of the eight accessory proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Numerous properties of ORF6 have been documented and this study focuses on two of these, namely, its ability to suppress the expression of co-transfected expression constructs and its sub... |
Detection of influenza D virus in bovine respiratory disease samples, UK | Influenza D is a newly described virus of cattle, pigs and small ruminants first detected in North America during 2011. Cattle have been shown to be the main viral reservoir and mounting evidence indicates that infection with influenza D may contribute to the development of bovine respiratory disease. The virus has bee... |
COVID‐19: Lessons to be learnt from a once‐in‐a‐century global pandemic | The year 2020 will mark a once‐in‐a‐century global event: the outbreak and pandemic of COVID‐19. On the 31 December 2019 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of pneumonia‐like cases of a novel coronavirus zoonosis in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The outbreak was due to a new or novel coronavirus... |
Studying Evolutionary Adaptation of MERS-CoV | Forced viral adaptation is a powerful technique employed to study the ways viruses may overcome various selective pressures that reduce viral replication. Here, we describe methods for in vitro serial passaging of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) to select for mutations which increase replication... |
Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers | Abstract Background and aims COVID-19 is already a pandemic. Emerging data suggest an increased association and a heightened mortality in patients of COVID-19 with comorbidities. We aimed to evaluate the outcome in hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and its relation to the use of renin-angiotensin system blockers (RAS... |
Natural and nature-inspired stilbenoids as antiviral agents | Viruses continue to be a major threat to human health. In the last century, pandemics occurred and resulted in significant mortality and morbidity. Natural products have been largely screened as source of inspiration for new antiviral agents. Within the huge class of plant secondary metabolites, resveratrol-derived sti... |
Antiviral Protection by IFITM3 In Vivo | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a cellular restriction factor that blocks fusion between virus and host membranes. Here, we provide an introduction to IFITM3 and the biochemical regulation underlying its antiviral activity. Further, we analyze and summarize the published litera... |
Emerging Infections | Infectious diseases, whether caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, are complex, dynamic, and constantly evolving. Some emerge or reemerge in human populations as they cross the species barrier from animals to humans, and once they have infected humans they may be asymptomatic or cause disease. If they cause diseas... |
Nuclear Reprogramming of Somatic Nucleus Hybridized With Embryonic Stem Cells by Electrofusion | Cell fusion is a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming. In hybrid cells of somatic cells and pluripotential stem cells, including embryonic stem (ES) and embryonic germ cells, somatic nuclei acquire pluripotential competence. ES and embryonic germ cells retain intrinsic tr... |
Mesoniviruses are mosquito-specific viruses with extensive geographic distribution and host range | BACKGROUND: The family Mesoniviridae (order Nidovirales) comprises of a group of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA ([+]ssRNA) viruses isolated from mosquitoes. FINDINGS: Thirteen novel insect-specific virus isolates were obtained from mosquitoes collected in Indonesia, Thailand and the USA. By electron microscopy, th... |
Quantitative Detection and Viral Load Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Infected Patients | BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency. The widely used reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) method has limitations for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: A total of 323 samples from 76 COVID-19 confirmed patients were analyzed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and RT-PC... |
Viren, virusähnliche und auf Viren hinweisende Strukturen beim Karzinom des Nasopharynx | Five cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with typically elevated EB- virus-antigen-titer were studied by light- and electron microscopic methods. Within the cytoplasm corona viruses in different forms, regular capsid-like particles with a diameter of 60 nm, tubuloreticular aggregates, and pathologic alterations of the me... |
Design and optimization of peptide nanoparticles | BACKGROUND: Various supra-molecular structures form by self-assembly of proteins in a symmetric fashion. Examples of such structures are viruses, some bacterial micro-compartments and eukaryotic vaults. Peptide/protein-based nanoparticles are emerging in synthetic biology for a variety of biomedical applications, mainl... |
“Acute” monoclonal gammopathy in severe COVID-19 | |
Fast Mass-Production of Medical Safety Shields under COVID-19 Quarantine: Optimizing the Use of University Fabrication Facilities and Volunteer Labor | COVID-19 pandemic provoked a number of restrictive measures, such as the closure or severe restriction of border transit for international trading traffic, quarantines and self-isolation. This caused a series of interrelated consequences that not only prevent or slow down the spread of disease, but also impact the medi... |
Will the COVID‐19 Pandemic Really Change the Governance of Global Value Chains? | |
Corticosteroid Guidance for Pregnancy during COVID-19 Pandemic | The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing a necessary, rapid adjustment within the field of obstetrics. Corticosteroid use is a mainstay of therapy for those women delivering prematurely. Unfortunately, corticosteroid use has been associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients. Giv... |
How Can I Take Care Of You? The Dermatologist Meets Patients’ Needs During The Covid19 Pandemic | |
Respiratory Virus Detection and Clinical Diagnosis in Children Attending Day Care | BACKGROUND: Respiratory viruses often have been studied in children with respiratory tract infection (RTI), but less knowledge exists about viruses in asymptomatic children. We have studied the occurrence of a broad panel of respiratory viruses in apparently healthy children attending day care, taking into account the ... |
Novel coronavirus-like particles targeting cells lining the respiratory tract | Virus like particles (VLPs) produced by the expression of viral structural proteins can serve as versatile nanovectors or potential vaccine candidates. In this study we describe for the first time the generation of HCoV-NL63 VLPs using baculovirus system. Major structural proteins of HCoV-NL63 have been expressed in ta... |
Techno-economic analysis of a transient plant-based platform for monoclonal antibody production | Plant-based biomanufacturing of therapeutic proteins is a relatively new platform with a small number of commercial-scale facilities, but offers advantages of linear scalability, reduced upstream complexity, reduced time to market, and potentially lower capital and operating costs. In this study we present a detailed p... |
Antiviral therapeutic approaches for human rhinovirus infections | Human rhinoviruses are the primary etiological agent of the common cold. This infection can be mild and self-limiting in immunocompetent hosts, but can be associated with bronchiolitis in infants, pneumonia in the immunosuppressed and exacerbations of pre-existing pulmonary conditions such as asthma or chronic obstruct... |
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of site-specific isotopically labeled nucleotides for use in NMR resonance assignment, dynamics and structural characterizations | Stable isotope labeling is central to NMR studies of nucleic acids. Development of methods that incorporate labels at specific atomic positions within each nucleotide promises to expand the size range of RNAs that can be studied by NMR. Using recombinantly expressed enzymes and chemically synthesized ribose and nucleob... |
How bad will it get? | While the coronavirus death rate may be lower than some estimates, case numbers may be far higher, reports Debora MacKenzie |
The macroPARP genes parp‐9 and parp‐14 are developmentally and differentially regulated in mouse tissues | The macroPARPs Parp‐9 and Parp‐14 are macro domain containing poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases involved in transcriptional regulation in response to immunoregulatory cytokines. Their genes reside in the same locus (16B3), and the Parp‐9 gene lies head‐to‐head and shares its promoter with the gene encoding its partner, Bbap... |
Frequent Respiratory Viral Infections in Children with Febrile Neutropenia - A Prospective Follow-Up Study | OBJECTIVE: Febrile neutropenia is common in children undergoing chemotherapy for the treatment of malignancies. In the majority of cases, the cause of the fever is unknown. Although respiratory viruses are commonly associated with this condition, the etiologic significance of this finding remains unclear and is therefo... |
Zoonotic Diseases in India | |
FAVORABLE ANAKINRA RESPONSES IN SEVERE COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH SECONDARY HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | SUMMARY Dysregulation of inflammation is hypothesized to play a crucial role in the severe complications of COVID-19, with IL-1/IL-6 pathway being central. Here, we report on the treatment of eight severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients-- seven hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) in Greece and one non-ICU patient i... |
Comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza pandemics | The objective of this Personal View is to compare transmissibility, hospitalisation, and mortality rates for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with those of other epidemic coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coro... |
Chapter 38 Animal Models of Human Viral Diseases | Abstract As the threat of exposure to emerging and reemerging viruses within a naive population increases, it is vital that the basic mechanisms of pathogenesis and immune response be thoroughly investigated. By using animal models in this endeavor, the response to viruses can be studied in a more natural context to id... |
Earthquakes, economic crisis and, now, Covid-19: the cry of yell of Central Italy. | |
COVID-19 detection using deep learning models to exploit Social Mimic Optimization and structured chest X-ray images using fuzzy color and stacking approaches | Abstract Coronavirus causes a wide variety of respiratory infections and it is an RNA-type virus that can infect both humans and animal species. It often causes pneumonia in humans. Artificial intelligence models have been helpful for successful analyses in the biomedical field. In this study, Coronavirus was detected ... |
An overview of functional nanoparticles as novel emerging antiviral therapeutic agents | Abstract Research on highly effective antiviral drugs is essential for preventing the spread of infections and reducing losses. Recently, many functional nanoparticles have been shown to possess remarkable antiviral ability, such as quantum dots, gold and silver nanoparticles, nanoclusters, carbon dots, graphene oxide,... |
Chapter 4 Structure, Organization, and Development of the Mucosal Immune System of the Respiratory Tract | Abstract The respiratory tract is served by a variety of lymphoid tissues, including the tonsils, adenoids, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), as well as the lymph nodes that drain the upper and lower respiratory tract. Each of these tissues uses unique mechanisms t... |
Human Parvovirus 4: A harmless bystander or a pathogen of severe acute respiratory illness | Abstract Introduction Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, caused by a large number of viral and bacterial agents. PARV4 is a recently identified virus detected in human blood and variety of tissues, but its disease association with SARI could not be esta... |
Ischemic stroke associated with novel coronavirus 2019: a report of three cases | Introduction: There is limited evidence about the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in infected patients. In this report, we describe three patients with ischemic stroke associated with COVID-19 infection. Methods: We report 3 cases of adult patients with ischemic stroke and novel coronavirus 2019 infection. Case... |
Dermatologists and SARS‐CoV‐2: The impact of the pandemic on daily practice | Since the first case of “pneumonia of unknown aetiology” was diagnosed at the Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital in China on 30 December 2019, what was recognised thereafter as “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” (SARS‐CoV‐2) has spread over the four continents, causing the respiratory manifestations of Coronavirus... |
Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences | ABSTRACT: SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) emerged in the back of December 2019 and proliferated rapidly across the globe. Scientists are attempting to investigate antivirals specific to COVID-19 treatment. The 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV utilize the same receptor of the host which is COVID-19 of the main protease (Mpro).COVID-19 cau... |
Viral detection profile in children with severe acute respiratory infection | Abstract Objectives The role of viral co-detection in children with severe acute respiratory infection is not clear. We described the viral detection profile and its association with clinical characteristics in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. Met... |
Perceived stress and anxiety during COVID-19 among psychiatry trainees | |
SARS‐COV‐2 infection presenting as ST‐elevationmyocardial infarction | We describe a patient presenting with chest discomfort, anterolateral ST elevation, and developing acute cardiogenic shock secondary to SARS‐COV‐2infection—patient zero presenting to our institution's cardiac catheterization laboratory. The emergent presentation with limited clinical information led to exposure of pers... |
Characterization of Two Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize Linker Region and Carboxyl Terminal Domain of Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein | The transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) nucleocapsid (N) protein plays important roles in the replication and translation of viral RNA. The present study provides the first description of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (5E8 and 3D7) directed against the TGEV N protein linker region (LKR) and carboxyl terminal ... |
Cationic Host Defence Peptides: Potential as Antiviral Therapeutics | There is a pressing need to develop new antiviral treatments; of the 60 drugs currently available, half are aimed at HIV-1 and the remainder target only a further six viruses. This demand has led to the emergence of possible peptide therapies, with 15 currently in clinical trials. Advancements in understanding the anti... |
Chapter 6 Sources of Harm Prescription Drugs, Surgery, and Infections | Abstract Most medical harm is from prescription drugs, surgery, and healthcare-acquired infections. Although the full extent of medical harm remains to be accurately gauged, estimates of incidence have tended to grow larger with each successive detailed assessment. Estimates of the extent of harm in the United States p... |
Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear. | |
Development of a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Detection of Epidemic Human Noroviruses | Human norovirus is a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Rapid detection could facilitate control, however widespread point-of-care testing is infrequently done due to the lack of robust and portable methods. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel isothermal method which rapidly amplifies a... |
Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment | COVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course; it may be asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases, while immunologic complications such as macrophage activation syndrome also known as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, resulting in cytokine storm syndrome and acute respir... |
Effectiveness of Masks and Respirators Against Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | This systematic review and meta-analysis quantified the protective effect of facemasks and respirators against respiratory infections among healthcare workers. Relevant articles were retrieved from Pubmed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate pooled estimates. Meta-analysis of randomize... |
Plug-and-play inference for disease dynamics: measles in large and small populations as a case study | Statistical inference for mechanistic models of partially observed dynamic systems is an active area of research. Most existing inference methods place substantial restrictions upon the form of models that can be fitted and hence upon the nature of the scientific hypotheses that can be entertained and the data that can... |
The Role of Cysteine Proteinases and their Inhibitors in the Host-Pathogen Cross Talk | Proteinases and their inhibitors play essential functional roles in basic biological processes in both hosts and pathogens. Endo/lysosomal cathepsins participate in immune response in pathogen recognition and elimination. They are essential for both antigen processing and presentation (host adaptive immune response) an... |
Recombinant adenoviral vaccine encoding the spike 1 subunit of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses in mice | BACKGROUND AND AIM: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has rapidly spread throughout the Middle East since its discovery in 2012. The virus poses a significant global public health threat with potentially devastating effects. In this study, a recombinant adenoviral-based vaccine encoding the spike ... |
Metagenomic Sequencing for Surveillance of Food- and Waterborne Viral Diseases | A plethora of viruses can be transmitted by the food- and waterborne route. However, their recognition is challenging because of the variety of viruses, heterogeneity of symptoms, the lack of awareness of clinicians, and limited surveillance efforts. Classical food- and waterborne viral disease outbreaks are mainly cau... |
Patología respiratoria y vuelos en avión | |
Precautions and Procedures for Coronary and Structural Cardiac Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance from Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology | Abstract The globe is currently in the midst of a COVID-19 pandemic resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. This pandemic has placed considerable stress on health care resources and providers. This document from the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology - Association Canadienne de Cardiologie d'in... |
How to train health personnel to protect themselves from SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus) infection when caring for a patient or suspected case | |
Association of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, cancer, kidney disease, and high-cholesterol with COVID-19 disease severity and fatality: A systematic review | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To undertake a review and critical appraisal of published/preprint reports that offer methods of determining the effects of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, cancer, kidney issues, and high-cholesterol on COVID-19 disease severity. METHODS: A search was conducted by two authors independently on the f... |
Potential of live pathogen vaccines for defeating the COVID‐19 pandemic: history and mechanism | The whole world has entered a terrible crisis with a huge and increasing amount of human deaths and economic loss in fighting the pandemic of COVID‐19 caused by the novel coronavirus termed SARS‐CoV‐2. The live pathogen vaccine (LPV) strategy, which originated in ancient China for fighting smallpox, has been applied su... |
How and Why Overcome the Impediments to Resolution: Lessons from rhinolophid and hipposiderid Bats | The phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships among the Old World leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideridae) and the closely related horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae) remain unresolved. In this study, we generated a novel approximately 10-kb molecular data set of 19 nuclear exon and intron gene fragments for 40 bat species to elucid... |
Preventing the Spread of COVID‐19 to Nursing Homes: Experience from a Singapore Geriatric Centre | |
An updated analysis of variations in SARS-CoV-2 genome | A novel pathogen, named SARS-CoV-2, has caused an unprecedented worldwide pandemic in the first half of 2020. As the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences have become available, one of the important focus of scientists has become tracking variations in the viral genome. In this study, 30366 SARS-CoV-2 isolate genomes were aligne... |
Simultaneous virus identification and characterization of severe unexplained pneumonia cases using a metagenomics sequencing technique | Many viruses can cause respiratory diseases in humans. Although great advances have been achieved in methods of diagnosis, it remains challenging to identify pathogens in unexplained pneumonia (UP) cases. In this study, we applied next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and a metagenomic approach to detect and char... |
Financing strategies to improve essential public health equalization and its effects in China | BACKGROUND: In 2009, China launched a health reform to promote the equalization of national essential public health services package (NEPHSP). The present study aimed to describe the financing strategies and mechanisms to improve access to public health for all, identify the strengths and weaknesses of the different ap... |
The epidemiology of hospitalized children with pneumococcal/lobar pneumonia and empyema from 1997 to 2004 in Taiwan | Pneumococcal/lobar pneumonia and empyema have an important impact on the health of children worldwide. There has been no epidemiological study of pneumococcal/lobar pneumonia and empyema in Taiwan, a middle-income Asian population. Using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance database, we collected and analyzed data obtain... |
Significance of lysosomes in the morphogenesis of coronaviruses | Virus-containing electron-dense membrane-bound cytoplasmic bodies are described in tracheal epithelial cells of chickens infected with Infectious Bronchitis Virus and in intestinal epithelial cells of swine infected with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Using silver-methenamine staining, phosphotungstic acid staining a... |
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