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Nanomedicine in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: From Conventional Treatments to Immunotherapy | Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The heterogeneous nature of this disease hinders its diagnosis and treatment, requiring continuous advances in research aiming to understand its intricate nature. Consequently, the retrospective analysis of conventional therap... |
Establishment of the key Technical Indicators of Positive Pressure Biological Protective Clothing | Abstract Objective Trying to establish the key technical indicators related to positive pressure biological protective clothing (PPBPC), providing technical support for the establishment of PPBPC standards in the future. Method We examined the protection standard systems established by the major standards organizations... |
Behavior of the PR Interval with Increasing Heart Rate in Patients with COVID-19 | BACKGROUND: Myriad manifestations of cardiovascular involvement are described in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but there have been no reports of COVID-19 affecting the cardiac conduction system. The PR interval on the electrocardiogram (ECG) normally shortens with increasing heart rate (HR). We encountered a COVI... |
Astroviruses | Publisher Summary Human astroviruses are members of the Astroviridae family. They are non-enveloped viruses possessing a single-stranded RNA of positive polarity as their genome. The development of sensitive tests for the presence of astrovirus—for example, using group reactive monoclonal antibodies—has led to the conc... |
Investigation of antiviral state mediated by interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1 induced by H9N2 virus and inactivated viral particle in human endothelial cells | BACKGROUND: Endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in response to virus infection. Our previous microarray analysis showed that H9N2 virus infection and inactivated viral particle inoculation increased the expression of interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) in human umbilical vein endo... |
Compounds with anti-influenza activity: present and future of strategies for the optimal treatment and management of influenza Part II: Future compounds against influenza virus | In the first part of this overview, we described the life cycle of the influenza virus and the pharmacological action of the currently available drugs. This second part provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms and targets of still-experimental drugs for the treatment and management of influenza. Briefly, we can... |
Community–Based Epidemic Prevention in Taiwan: Combating the Coronavirus Disease–2019 Crisis | |
Systemic T-helper and T-regulatory cell type cytokine responses in rhinovirus vs. respiratory syncytial virus induced early wheezing: an observational study | BACKGROUND: Rhinovirus (RV) associated early wheezing has been recognized as an independent risk factor for asthma. The risk is more important than that associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease. No comparative data are available on the immune responses of these diseases. OBJECTIVE: To compare T-helper(... |
The SpineBox: A Freely Available, Open-access, 3D-printed Simulator Design for Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement | Background The recent COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for innovation in cost-effective and easily produced surgical simulations for trainee education that are not limited by physical confines of location. This can be accomplished with the use of desktop three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. This study... |
To Tweet or Not to Tweet—a Review of the Viral Power of Twitter for Infectious Diseases | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With real-time communication crucial to both healthcare professionals (HCPs) and the public in infectious diseases (ID), social media networking sites has become even more important. Twitter is the most popular form of social media used for ID communication. We will review the power of Twitter in ID.... |
Modelos predictivos de la epidemia de COVID-19 en España con curvas de Gompertz | RESUMEN Durante la crisis de salud internacional provocada por la pandemia de COVID-19, además de conocer los datos sobre contagios, muertes y ocupación de camas hospitalarias también es necesario hacer predicciones que ayuden a la gestión de la crisis por parte de las autoridades sanitarias. El presente trabajo tiene ... |
Homologue Scanning Mutagenesis Reveals Cd66 Receptor Residues Required for Neisserial Opa Protein Binding | The immunoglobulin-like family of CD66 antigens, present on human neutrophils and epithelial cells, are used as receptors for adhesins expressed by the pathogenic Neisseriae. N. gonorrhoeae strain MS11 can express 11 isoforms of these adhesins, called opacity-related (Opa) proteins. Each MS11 Opa protein recognizes a d... |
Identification and subcellular localization of porcine deltacoronavirus accessory protein NS6 | Abstract Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus. Accessory proteins are genus-specific for coronavirus, and two putative accessory proteins, NS6 and NS7, are predicted to be encoded by PDCoV; however, this remains to be confirmed experimentally. Here, we identified the leader-body jun... |
(Vi)-rushed into online group schema-therapy based day-treatment for older adults by the COVID-19 outbreak in the Netherlands | BACKGROUND –: Societal measures in context of the COVID-19 outbreak forced us to transform our schema therapy-based day-treatment for older adults with chronic affective disorders and personality problems into an online program. The objective of this paper is to present first impressions of this transformation. METHODS... |
Long noncoding RNA AVAN promotes antiviral innate immunity by interacting with TRIM25 and enhancing the transcription of FOXO3a | Accumulating evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in several biological processes, including immune responses. However, the role of lncRNAs in antiviral innate immune responses remains largely unexplored. Here, we identify an uncharacterized human lncRNA from influenza A virus (IAV) patien... |
Outlaw Nairobi versus The Pandemics | |
Defining lower airway bacterial infection in children with chronic endobronchial disorders | BACKGROUND: Differentiating lower airway bacterial infection from possible upper airway contamination in children with endobronchial disorders undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is important for guiding management. A diagnostic bacterial load threshold based on inflammatory markers has been determined to different... |
Treatment Considerations for COVID-19: A Critical Review of the Evidence (or Lack Thereof) | Abstract The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is causing a worldwide pandemic that may lead to a highly morbid and potentially fatal coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). There is currently no drug that has been proven as an effective therapy for COVID-19. Several candidate drugs are being considered ... |
Structural basis for the development of SARS 3CL protease inhibitors from a peptide mimic to an aza‐decaline scaffold | Design of inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) chymotrypsin‐like protease (3CL(pro)) is a potentially important approach to fight against SARS. We have developed several synthetic inhibitors by structure‐based drug design. In this report, we reveal two crystal structures of SARS 3CL(pro) complexe... |
COVID-19 and Shock: A Cautionary Tale for Elderly Patients from a Pooled Analysis | |
Society of Robotic Surgery Review: Recommendations Regarding the Risk of COVID‐19 Transmission During Minimally Invasive Surgery | The COVID‐19 pandemic has created uncertainty regarding the safety and appropriate utilization of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) during this current outbreak. Surgical governing bodies such as Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) and the Royal Colleges of Surgery of Great Britain and I... |
RETRACTED: Role of the SEL1L:LC3-I Complex as an ERAD Tuning Receptor in the Mammalian ER | This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the authors. The study reported that expression of misfolded proteins in the ER affects the composition of complexes containing EDEM1, SE... |
Transmission dynamics: Data sharing in the COVID‐19 era | PROBLEM: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic underscores the need for building and sustaining public health data infrastructure to support a rapid local, regional, national, and international response. Despite a historical context of public health crises, data sharing agreements and transactional s... |
Effects of housing density on Long Evans and Fischer 344 rats | At many breeding facilities, rats are housed at relatively high densities until they are 5 weeks old, at which point they are either shipped for research or rehoused at standard cage densities according to weight. The authors carried out a pilot study in Long Evans and in Fischer 344 rats to investigate whether continu... |
Anesthesia Considerations and Infection Precautions for Trauma and Acute Care Cases During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Recommendations From a Task Force of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology | Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide. During the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, most hospitals have postponed elective surgeries. However, some emergency surgeries, especially for trauma patients, are inevitable. For patients with ... |
COVID-19 and Anosmia in Tehran, Iran | Patients with acute olfactory disorders typically present to the otolaryngologist with both acute hyposmia and less often with anosmia. With the onset of COVID-19 we have noticed an increase in the number of patients who have presented with new onset of complete smell loss to the senior author’s practice in Tehran, Ira... |
Infection risk in a gastroenterological ward during a nosocomial COVID‐19 infection event | The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and rapidly infected a large number of individuals, and disease clusters have spread worldwide. A case of presumably nosocomial COVID‐19 was detected in the gastroenterological ward; however, appropriate precautions against contact and d... |
Coronavirus Gene 7 Counteracts Host Defenses and Modulates Virus Virulence | Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) genome contains three accessory genes: 3a, 3b and 7. Gene 7 is only present in members of coronavirus genus a1, and encodes a hydrophobic protein of 78 aa. To study gene 7 function, a recombinant TGEV virus lacking gene 7 was engineered (rTGEV-Δ7). Both the mutant and the pare... |
The analysis of the relationships of Korean outbound tourism demand: Jeju Island and three international destinations | This paper investigates the determinants of the relationship among Korean outbound tourism demand for Jeju Island and three other Asian island countries using the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (MGARCH) and Vector Error Correction (VEC) models. It is found that pairwise condition... |
Astrocyte expression of a dominant‐negative interferon‐γ receptor | Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) is a major proinflammatory cytokine, and binding to its nearly ubiquitous receptor induces a wide variety of biological functions. To explore the role(s) of IFN‐γ signaling in astrocytes, transgenic mice (GFAP/IFN‐γR1ΔIC) expressing a dominant‐negative IFN‐γ receptor alpha chain under control of th... |
Creating a “Good Clinical Practices Inspection” Authentic Online Learning Environment through Educational Design Research | Educational design research (EDR) was applied to address the challenge of providing more public health professionals with opportunities to develop their knowledge and skills related to Good Clinical Practices (GCP) inspections. The conduct of clinical research in accordance with the principles of GCP is necessary to en... |
A novel covid-19 mathematical model with fractional derivatives: Singular and nonsingular kernels | In this paper, we considered a new mathematical model depicting the possibility of spread within a given general population. The model is constructed with five classes including susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered and deaths. We presented a detailed analysis of the suggested model including, the derivation of equ... |
The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the healthcare setting and potential impact of cohorting strategies | The threat of the COVID-19 pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 virus has grown since its start late last year. A customary response to a surge of a communicable disease is to separate healthcare systems into cohorts, such that patients with other conditions can be treated safely without risk of infection. A challenge with COVID-19 ... |
Mayo Clinic Strategies for COVID-19 Elements of an Effective Incident Command Center | |
SARS‐CoV‐2 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients and risk for transfusion transmission | Oral swabs, sputum, and blood samples from 18 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were examined using RT‐PCR testing in order to assess the risk of transfusion‐related transmission. In asymptomatic patients as well as patients with flu‐like symptoms and fever, no SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA could be dete... |
Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la atención al paciente con cefalea en España: análisis de situación con una mirada al futuro | Resumen Introducción: La infección por SARS-CoV-2 ha tenido un enorme impacto en los sistemas sanitarios. España, donde la cefalea constituye el motivo principal de consulta ambulatoria en Neurología, es uno de los países con más casos notificados. Objetivo: Conocer el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en las Unidades de... |
The changing face of pathogen discovery and surveillance | The pace of pathogen discovery is increasing dramatically. This reflects not only factors that enable the appearance and globalization of new microbial infections but also improvements in methods for ascertainment. New molecular diagnostic platforms; investments in pathogen surveillance in wildlife, domestic animals an... |
Zur antimikrobiellen und viruziden Wirksamkeit von Octenidin-Lutschtabletten | Zusammenfassung Die Verwendung von Octenidin in der Darreichungsform als Lutschtablette wurde erst 2004 patentiert. Das antivirale, viruzide und vor allem antimikrobielle Wirkungsspektrum der Substanz ist vergleichsweise breit und für die Substanz in Monopräparaten noch wenig untersucht. Die bislang vorliegenden Daten ... |
Establishment of CDC Global Rapid Response Team to Ensure Global Health Security | The 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic in West Africa highlighted challenges faced by the global response to a large public health emergency. Consequently, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Global Rapid Response Team (GRRT) to strengthen emergency response capacity to global health t... |
Inactivation of West Nile virus, vaccinia virus and viral surrogates for relevant and emergent viral pathogens in plasma‐derived products | Background and Objectives Human plasma is the source of a wide variety of therapeutic proteins, yet it is also a potential source of viral contamination. Recent outbreaks of emergent viral pathogens, such as West Nile virus, and the use of live vaccinia virus as a vaccine have prompted a reassessment of the viral safet... |
First-in-human clinical trials with vaccines—what regulators want | Several factors should be taken into account when it comes to the first exposure of humans to a novel vaccine. |
Differences in race and other state‐level characteristics and associations with mortality from COVID‐19 infection | As reporting of COVID‐19 at the US state level has become more granular, many states have reported a higher proportion of deaths among African‐Americans. In our study, we assessed state level data on race, population density, age, obesity rates, insurance data, GDP, per capita healthcare resources (hospital‐beds/ventil... |
Detection of Ascitic Feline Coronavirus RNA from Cats with Clinically Suspected Feline Infectious Peritonitis | Ascitic feline coronavirus (FCoV) RNA was examined in 854 cats with suspected feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) by RT-PCR. The positivity was significantly higher in purebreds (62.2%) than in crossbreds (34.8%) (P<0.0001). Among purebreds, the positivities in the Norwegian forest cat (92.3%) and Scottish fold (77.6%)... |
The PEGASUS Conferences: A unique avenue to bridge evidence and action | |
Use of a multiplex PCR/RT‐PCR approach to assess the viral causes of influenza‐like illnesses in Cambodia during three consecutive dry seasons | Acute respiratory infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Using multiplex PCR/RT‐PCR methods for the detection of 18 respiratory viruses, the circulation of those viruses during 3 consecutive dry seasons in Cambodia was described. Among 234 patients who presented with influenza‐like illness, ... |
IFITMs restrict the replication of multiple pathogenic viruses | The IFITM family of proteins inhibit a growing number of pathogenic viruses, among them influenza A virus, dengue virus, hepatitis C virus, and Ebola virus. This review covers recent developments in our understanding of the IFITM’s molecular determinants, potential mechanisms of action, and impact on pathogenesis. |
A distinctive skin rash associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 ? | A skin rash has been reported in 2 out of 1.099 patients presenting with Coronavirus disease 2019 in China [1], as in 14 of 48 patients with the same disease in Italia, but unfortunately without further description of its semiology [2]. We wish to report here the case of a woman who presented, coincidently with Covid‐1... |
Intranasal delivery of adjuvant-free peptide nanofibers elicits resident CD8+ T cell responses | Abstract Influenza vaccines that can be administered intranasally or by other needle-free delivery routes have potential advantages over injected formulations in terms of patient compliance, cost, and ease of global distribution. Supramolecular peptide nanofibers have been investigated previously as platforms for vacci... |
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urological emergencies: a single-center experience | PURPOSE: COVID-19 pandemic represents a novel challenge for healthcare systems, and it affects even the daily urological practice. Italy was the first country after China to experience a lock-down period. Our objective is to determine whether, during the COVID-19 period, there has been any modification in urological em... |
Ambient temperature, birth rate, and birth outcomes: evidence from South Korea | The effects from rising temperatures, a symptom of climate change, have become a significant concern. This study finds that one additional day with a maximum temperature of 30–32 °C (86–89.6 °F), relative to a day with a temperature of 28–30 °C (82.4–86 °F), decreases the birth rate 9 months later by 0.24%, or 92 babie... |
Patient-Centric Care for Parkinson's Disease: From Hospital to the Community | Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with complex motor and non-motor symptoms often leading to significant caregiver burden. An integrated, multidisciplinary care setup involving different healthcare professionals is the mainstay in the holistic management of PD. Many challenges in deliverin... |
A Delphi-based approach to developing expert systems with the cooperation of multiple experts | Abstract Knowledge acquisition has been a critical bottleneck in building knowledge-based systems. In past decades, several methods and systems have been proposed to cope with this problem. Most of these methods and systems were proposed to deal with the acquisition of domain knowledge from single expert. However, as m... |
Digestive system is a potential route of COVID-19: an analysis of single-cell coexpression pattern of key proteins in viral entry process | OBJECTIVE: Since December 2019, a newly identified coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)) has caused outbreaks of pneumonia in Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells via cell receptor ACE II (ACE2) and the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). In order to identify possible pri... |
Improving influenza vaccine virus selectionReport of a WHO informal consultation held at WHO headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 14–16 June 2010 | • For almost 60 years, the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) has been the key player in monitoring the evolution and spread of influenza viruses and recommending the strains to be used in human influenza vaccines. The GISRS has also worked to continually monitor and assess the risk posed by ... |
Comparison of alternative models of human movement and the spread of disease | Predictive models for the spatial spread of infectious diseases has received much attention in recent years as tools for the management of infectious diseas outbreaks. Prominently, various versions of the so-called gravity model, borrowed from transportation theory, have been used. However, the original literature sugg... |
Current issue in tourism: The evolution of travel medicine research: A new research agenda for tourism? | There has been considerable growth in interest in the field of travel medicine and the intersection with Tourism Studies since the 1990s. Yet this interest from a medical perspective is not new as a review of The Lancet, one of the most well-established medical journals, shows. What is new is the way in which the inter... |
Evaluation of Patients under Investigation for MERS-CoV Infection, United States, January 2013–October 2014 | Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) cases continue to be reported from the Middle East. Evaluation and testing of patients under investigation (PUIs) for MERS are recommended. In 2013–2014, two imported cases were detected among 490 US PUIs. Continued awareness is needed for early case detection and implementation ... |
Potential role of incretins in diabetes and COVID-19 infection: a hypothesis worth exploring | Patients with diabetes mellitus have been reported to be at a high risk of complications from SARS-CoV2 virus infection (COVID-19). In type 2 diabetes, there is a change in immune system cells, which shift from an anti-inflammatory to a predominantly pro-inflammatory pattern. This altered immune profile may induce impo... |
Prospects for Emerging Infections in East and Southeast Asia 10 Years after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome | It is 10 years since severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged, and East and Southeast Asia retain a reputation as a hot spot of emerging infectious diseases. The region is certainly a hot spot of socioeconomic and environmental change, and although some changes (e.g., urbanization and agricultural intensificati... |
Order in Disorder as Observed by the “Hydrophobic Cluster Analysis” of Protein Sequences | Hydrophobic cluster analysis (HCA) is an original approach for protein sequence analysis, which provides access to the foldable repertoire of the protein universe, including yet unannotated protein segments (“dark proteome”). Foldable segments correspond to ordered regions, as well as to intrinsically disordered region... |
Harnessing the potential of CRISPR-based platforms to advance the field of hospital medicine | Introduction: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are segments of nucleic acid that play a role in prokaryotic defense and form the basis of a genome editing technology that allows permanent alteration of genetic material. This methodology, known as CRISPR-Cas9, is poised to revolutionize... |
Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication | Genome replication is a crucial step in the life cycle of any virus. HCV is a positive strand RNA virus and requires a set of nonstructural proteins (NS3, 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B) as well as cis-acting replication elements at the genome termini for amplification of the viral RNA. All nonstructural proteins are tightly assoc... |
Sinonasal pathophysiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19: A systematic review of the current evidence | OBJECTIVE: The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (2019 coronavirus disease [COVID‐19]), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus, is highly contagious with high morbidity and mortality. The role of the nasal and paranasal sinus cavities is increasingly recognized for COVID‐... |
A comprehensive assessment of the coagulation profile in critically ill COVID-19 patients | |
Success of tumorsphere isolation from WHO grade IV gliomas does not correlate with the weight of fresh tumor specimens: an immunohistochemical characterization of tumorsphere differentiation | BACKGROUND: A trend of stage-by-stage increase in tumorsphere (TS) formation from glioma samples has been reported. Despite this trend, not all surgical specimens give rise to TSs, even World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV gliomas. Furthermore, it has been reported that differences in overall survival of primary gl... |
Animal-to-Human SARS-associated Coronavirus Transmission? | |
CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBODIES INDUCED BY VACCINATION WITH HEPATITIS C VIRUS ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEINS | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2, were used with MF59 adjuvant as a candidate vaccine for a phase I safety and immunogenicity trial. Ten of the 41 vaccinee sera tested displayed a VSV/HCV surrogate pseudotype neutralization titer of ≥1/20, 15 of the 36 sera tested had a neutralization titer of ... |
Evaluation of a new community-based curriculum in disaster medicine for undergraduates | BACKGROUND: Nowadays, many medical schools include training in disaster medicine in undergraduate studies. This study evaluated the efficacy of a disaster medicine curriculum recently designed for Saudi Arabian medical students. METHODS: Participants were 15 male and 14 female students in their fourth, fifth or sixth y... |
Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections | The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the age-associated vulnerability in the burden of disease and put aging research in the spotlight. The limited data available indicates that COVID-19 should be referred to as a gerolavic (from Greek, géros “old man” a... |
Antibodies against MERS Coronavirus in Dromedary Camels, Kenya, 1992–2013 | Dromedary camels are a putative source for human infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We showed that camels sampled in different regions in Kenya during 1992–2013 have antibodies against this virus. High densities of camel populations correlated with increased seropositivity and might be a fact... |
Engineering of Live Chimeric Vaccines against Human Metapneumovirus | Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important human pathogen that, along with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in young infants. Development of an effective vaccine against Pneumoviruses has proven to be particularly difficult; despite over 50 years of research in this ... |
Coronavirus-Pandemie und ihre Auswirkungen auf Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie: Operationen, Risiken und Prävention? | In order to assess the effects of COVID-19, all health care workers must be aware of the symptoms and course of the disease. Experience and studies from the regions most affected in China and Italy give preliminary information on issues such as the course of infection and the risk to hospital staff. This suggests that ... |
A conserved region of nonstructural protein 1 from alphacoronaviruses inhibits host gene expression and is critical for viral virulence | Coronaviruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses that are distributed worldwide. They include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and the human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ... |
Victoria's perioperative response to the COVID‐19 pandemic | |
Pandemic influenza in Australia: Using telephone surveys to measure perceptions of threat and willingness to comply | BACKGROUND: Baseline data is necessary for monitoring how a population perceives the threat of pandemic influenza, and perceives how it would behave in the event of pandemic influenza. Our aim was to develop a module of questions for use in telephone health surveys on perceptions of threat of pandemic influenza, and on... |
Rapid Optical Cavity PCR | Recent outbreaks of deadly infectious diseases, such as Ebola and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, have motivated the research for accurate, rapid diagnostics that can be administered at the point of care. Nucleic acid biomarkers for these diseases can be amplified and quantified via polymerase chain react... |
Clinical performance of a rapid test compared to a microplate test to detect total anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies directed to the spike protein | |
A diagnostic tool to determine a strategic improvisation Readiness Index Score (IRIS) to survive, adapt, and thrive in a crisis | Abstract Crises for business-to-business (B2B) firms are characterized by unexpected or unanticipated severe threats that are highly uncertain where strategic response times are low in which executives are victim of overwhelming time pressures to action fast strategic responses to these events—as the threats bring to q... |
Assessment of Specimen Pooling to Conserve SARS CoV-2 Testing Resources | Objectives To establish the optimal parameters for group testing of pooled specimens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Methods The most efficient pool size was determined to be 5 specimens using a web-based application. From this analysis, 25 experimental pools were created using 50 microliter from one SARS-CoV-2 positi... |
Measles Control and the Prospect of Eradication | Remarkable progress has been made in reducing measles incidence and mortality as a consequence of implementing the measles mortality reduction strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The revised global measles mortality reduction goal set forth in the WHO-UNICEF Glob... |
Egyptian rousette bats maintain long-term protective immunity against Marburg virus infection despite diminished antibody levels | Although bats are natural reservoir hosts for numerous zoonotic viruses, little is known about the long-term dynamics of the host immune response following infection and how these viruses are maintained in nature. The Egyptian rousette bat (ERB) is a known reservoir host for Marburg virus (MARV). Following infection of... |
CD4(+) T-cell counts and interleukin-8 and CCL-5 plasma concentrations discriminate disease severity in children with RSV infection | BACKGROUND: Current tools to predict the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection might be improved by including immunological parameters. We hypothesized that a combination of inflammatory markers would differentiate between severe and mild disease in RSV-infected children. METHODS: Blood and nasopharyn... |
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Asia: lessons gleaned from the South Korean outbreak | |
Multi-level regulation of cellular recognition of viral dsRNA | Effective antiviral immunity depends on accurate recognition of viral RNAs by the innate immune system. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) often accumulates in virally infected cells and was initially considered a unique viral signature that was sufficient to initiate antiviral response through dsRNA receptors and dsRNA-depen... |
Demographic and attitudinal determinants of protective behaviours during a pandemic: A review | Purpose. A new strain of H1N1 influenza, also known as swine flu was confirmed in the UK in May 2009 and has spread to over 100 countries around the world causing the World Health Organization to declare a global flu pandemic. The primary objectives of this review are to identify the key demographic and attitudinal det... |
Potential neurological effects of severe COVID-19 infection | Coronaviruses (CoVs) are large positive stranded enveloped RNA viruses that generally cause enteric and respiratory diseases in humans and in animals. Most human CoVs have recently attracted global attention to their lethal potential and great infectious capacity. A highly pathogenic CoV, called COVID-19 or SARS‐CoV2, ... |
Optimal design and validation of antiviral siRNA for targeting HIV-1 | We propose rational designing of antiviral short-interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting highly divergent HIV-1. In this study, conserved regions within HIV-1 genomes were identified through an exhaustive computational analysis, and the functionality of siRNAs targeting the highest possible conserved regions was validated. W... |
Equine coronavirus induces apoptosis in cultured cells | Abstract Equine coronavirus (ECoV) was first isolated from a diarrheic foal and was found genetically similar to group II coronaviruses. However, its pathological characteristics were not adequately investigated. In our preliminary in vitro investigation, ECoV-induced cell death was observed in bovine kidney-derived MD... |
Selenylated-oxadiazoles as promising DNA intercalators: Synthesis, electronic structure, DNA interaction and cleavage | Abstract A series of selenylated-oxadiazoles were prepared and their interaction with DNA was investigated. The photophysical studies showed that all the selenylated compounds presented absorption between 270 and 329 nm, assigned to combined n→π* and π→π* transitions, and an intense blue emission (325–380 nm) with quan... |
Serologically diagnosed acute human bocavirus 1 infection in childhood community‐acquired pneumonia | AIM: To assess the role of human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) as a causative agent of non‐severe community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. METHODS: Patients aged 2‐59 months with non‐severe CAP (respiratory complaints and radiographic pulmonary infiltrate/consolidation) attending a University Hospital in Salvador, Brazil ... |
2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) nosocomial outbreak in South Korea: insights from modeling | Background. Since the emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, more than 1,300 laboratory confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infections have been reported in Asia, North Africa, and Europe by July 2015. The recent MERS-CoV nosocomial outbreak in South Korea quickly became the second larges... |
Suspected sphenoid bone osteomyelitis causing visual impairment in two dogs and one cat | Objective To present the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of sphenoid bone osteomyelitis. Procedures Two dogs (English Springer Spaniel – ESS, Golden Retriever – GR) and one cat (Domestic Long Haired) were presented with a 2–14‐day history of visual deficits and reduced pupillary light refl... |
Geographical tracking and mapping of coronavirus disease COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic and associated events around the world: how 21st century GIS technologies are supporting the global fight against outbreaks and epidemics | In December 2019, a new virus (initially called ‘Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV’ and later renamed to SARS-CoV-2) causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (coronavirus disease COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and rapidly spread to other parts of China and other countries around the world, despite China’... |
TRIM52 inhibits Japanese Encephalitis Virus replication by degrading the viral NS2A | The members of tripartite-motif containing (TRIM) protein participate in various cellular processes and play an important role in host antiviral function. TRIM proteins exert their antiviral activity either directly by degrading viral proteins through their E3 ligase activity, or indirectly by promoting host innate imm... |
Expression Pattern Analysis of Antiviral Genes and Inflammatory Cytokines in PEDV-Infected Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells | Porcine diarrhea disease in newborn and suckling piglets due to infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a leading cause of economic loss in the pig industry globally. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the host innate immune response to PEDV infection. The expression dynamics of ... |
Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome: Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS): Cardiac Features, Management and Short-Term Outcomes at a UK Tertiary Paediatric Hospital | Children were relatively spared during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the recently reported hyperinflammatory syndrome with overlapping features of Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome—“Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome-temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2” (PIMS-TS) has caused concern. We describe cardia... |
High prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Hajj pilgrims returning to Ghana, 2013 | OBJECTIVE: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) emerged in 2012 on the Arabian Peninsula and has caused severe respiratory disease with more than 800 laboratory‐confirmed cases. The return of infected pilgrims to their home countries with a putative spread of MERS‐CoV necessitates further surveil... |
WHO is SARS? | |
SARS and New York's Chinatown: The politics of risk and blame during an epidemic of fear | Abstract This paper examines the production of risk and blame discourses during the 2003 SARS epidemic and responses to those messages in New York City's Chinatown, a community stigmatized during the SARS epidemic despite having no SARS cases. The study consisted of 6 weeks participant observation and 37 semi-structure... |
The impact of viral dynamics on the clinical severity of infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis | The impact of dynamic respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) load on the clinical severity of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis has not been clarified. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from 60 infants who were diagnosed with bronchiolitis within 96 hr of wheezing onset upon admission and on days 3, 5, and 7 in t... |
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