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High quality protein microarray using in situ protein purification | BACKGROUND: In the postgenomic era, high throughput protein expression and protein microarray technologies have progressed markedly permitting screening of therapeutic reagents and discovery of novel protein functions. Hexa-histidine is one of the most commonly used fusion tags for protein expression due to its small s... |
Knowledge and attitudes of Ebola among the general public of Trinidad and Tobago during the 2014-15 West Africa outbreak | Objective Health system resilience and resilience of a country include the capacity of health personnel, institutions, and populations to prepare for and effectively respond to crises. This study investigates the knowledge and attitudes of the public concerning Ebola Virus Disease in Trinidad and Tobago. Design and Met... |
Spreading from Hot Foci of COVID-19 to another Country: Observation from Thailand on Disease Importation by Foreigner | |
Sars Coronavirus Vaccine Development | |
Does ‘Fear of COVID-19’ trigger future career anxiety? An empirical investigation considering depression from COVID-19 as a mediator | BACKGROUND: Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, the mental health of the people all around the world is severely disrupted. AIM: The purpose of this study is to identify whether ‘Fear of COVID-19’ impacted on future workforces’ career anxiety at the first place and whether depression from COVID-19 has any indirect effect ... |
Risk factors for febrile respiratory illness and mono-viral infections in a semi-closed military environment: a case-control study | BACKGROUND: Febrile respiratory illness (FRI) results in substantial burden in semi-closed environments. Tackling risk factors may reduce transmission and infection. However, risk factors involved in one setting may not be generalizable in all settings due to differences in climate, residential environment, population ... |
Neurological dysfunction in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) | |
Saudi Arabia, pharmacists and COVID-19 pandemic | The latest outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic has placed a significant effect on health care system around the world. This article discusses the role of pharmacists in Saudi Arabia during the current Covid-19 pandemic. Pharmacists are an important part of everyday healthcare in Saudi Arabia. Pharmacists helped to protect th... |
Conseils de bonnes pratiques: consultation d’ORL en contexte épidémique COVID-19 | Résumé Ces conseils de bonnes pratiques sur la consultation en ORL en contexte épidémique COVID-19 ont été rédigés car l’examen et les soins ORL sont dans certaines situations à risque de contamination par le virus SARS-CoV-2. Ainsi, les spécialistes ORL comptent parmi les professionnels les plus exposés à cette infect... |
Emerging infections – implications for dental care | Over the last 20 years the majority of emerging infections which have spread rapidly across the globe have been respiratory infections that are spread via droplets, a trend which is likely to continue. Aerosol spray generation in the dental surgery has the potential to spread such infections to staff or other patients.... |
Pragmatic recommendations for intubating critically ill patients with suspected COVID‐19 | |
Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 1 (Review Article) | The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in over 2.3 million confirmed cases and over 160,000 deaths. The impact of COVID-19 on surgical practice is widespread ranging from workforce and staffing issues, procedural prioritisation, viral transmission risk intraoperatively, changes to perioperative practice and w... |
Microvascular Disease Confers Additional Risk to COVID-19 Infection | The majority of fatalities thus far in the COVID-19 pandemic have been attributed to pneumonia. As expected, the fatality rate reported in China is higher in people with chronic pulmonary disease (6.3%) and those who have cancer (5.6%). According to the American College of Cardiology Clinical Bulletin “COVID-19 Clinica... |
The outbreak pattern of SARS cases in China as revealed by a mathematical model | Abstract Since it first appeared in China's Guangdong Province, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) has caused serious damages to many parts of the world, especially Asia. Little is known about its epidemiology. We developed a modified discrete SIR model including susceptible individuals, non-hospitalized SARS per... |
Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium isolates from ill exotic pet animals in Japan including a new subtype in Cryptosporidium fayeri | Abstract Cryptosporidium is an obligate intracellular parasite which can cause fatal diarrheal disease in exotic animals. Sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps), hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris), chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera), and common leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) are popular exotic animals commonly sold i... |
Genomic signal processing for DNA sequence clustering | Genomic signal processing (GSP) methods which convert DNA data to numerical values have recently been proposed, which would offer the opportunity of employing existing digital signal processing methods for genomic data. One of the most used methods for exploring data is cluster analysis which refers to the unsupervised... |
Mouse Hepatitis Virus 3 Binding to Macrophages Correlates with Resistance to Experimental Infection | Mouse hepatitis virus 3 (MHV3) infection of A/J and BALB/c mice has been used as a model of resistance/susceptibility. A/J mice recover from a mild disease after 4–6 days of infection and the BALB/c mice develop an acute hepatitis and die after 3–4 days of infection. In view of studying the MHV3 binding to cells or cel... |
A Preliminary Study of the Virome of the South American Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) and Identification of Two Novel Mammalian Viruses | Bats provide important ecosystem services as pollinators, seed dispersers, and/or insect controllers, but they have also been found harboring different viruses with zoonotic potential. Virome studies in bats distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America have increased dramatically over the past decade, whereas... |
The molecular epidemiology of respiratory viruses associated with asthma attacks: A single-center observational study in Japan | Few reports have described the significance of viral respiratory infections (VRIs) in exacerbation of asthma in adult patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the profiles of VRIs in adult patients with asthma along with their molecular epidemiology. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Kyorin... |
Caution regarding potential changes in AVR practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic | To improve resource allocation in face of the COVID‐19 pandemic, hospitals around the country are restricting the performance of elective surgery to preserve ventilators, operating rooms, ICU beds and protect anesthesiologists. For patients with severe aortic stenosis, efforts to bring treatment to symptomatic patients... |
A review of equine sepsis | Sepsis is defined as an exaggerated, systemic inflammatory response to infection and is a common condition in horses. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with bacterial infection is a hallmark of sepsis. Sepsis in neonatal foals is a common sequela of failure of passive transfer and, in addition t... |
Prone positioning in high-flow nasal cannula for COVID-19 patients with severe hypoxemia: a pilot study | |
The role of CCR1 and therapeutic effects of anti‐CCL3 antibody in herpes simplex virus‐induced Behçet's disease mouse model | Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease with unclear etiopathogenesis. Although gene variants of CC chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) have been reported, the protein expression of CCR1 in patients with BD remains unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the frequencies of CCR1(+) cell... |
New intriguing possibility for prevention of coronavirus pneumonitis: Natural purified polyphenols | COVID-19 is an infectious disease characterized by several important systemic problems such as severe pneumonia. One of mechanisms responsible of these systemic problems is the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6(Conti et al., 2020). The binding of virus to TRL (Toll Like Rece... |
The effects of SNS communication: How expressing and receiving information predict MERS-preventive behavioral intentions in South Korea | Abstract Individuals use social network sites (SNSs) as an effective tool for communicating relevant information with others during the outbreak of infectious diseases. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism through which communicative behaviors influence preventive behaviors. Thus, in the context of M... |
2-Substituted benzoxazinone analogues as anti-human coronavirus (anti-HCoV) and ICAM-1 expression inhibition agents | Abstract A series of 2-substituted benzoxazinones were synthesized and subjected to anti-human coronavirus and ICAM-1 expression inhibition assays. Among them, compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 exhibited significant anti-HCoV activities, and the IC50 value of these compounds are 6.08, 5.06, 6.83, 1.92, 7.59, and 5.79μg/mL... |
4.06 Safe Sanitation in Low Economic Development Areas | This chapter presents the advances in sanitation for developing countries as well as the needs in terms of goals, standards, technology, and policy. To understand why a special chapter for low-income areas is needed, it describes the main types of pollutants, their origins, and treatment options. As part of the text an... |
Temporary changes in clinical guidelines of gestational diabetes screening and management during COVID-19 outbreak: A narrative review | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: New clinical approaches are needed to minimize complications of gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 outbreak with timely screening and proper management. The present study aims to highlight changes in the clinical guideline for gestational diabetes during the pandemic. METHODS: In a narrative ... |
The “Snotbarometer”: Epidemiological data on respiratory infections | |
Empfehlungen zur Durchführung einer Bronchoskopie in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie | COVID-19, caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a new and ongoing infectious disease affecting healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare worker are at high risk for COIVD-19 and many have been infected or even died in countries severely affected by COVID-19 like China or Italy. Bronchoscopy causes cough and aerosol produc... |
Electrocardiographic Findings in COVID-19: Insights on Mortality and Underlying Myocardial Processes | INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory syndrome with high rates of mortality, and there is a need for easily obtainable markers to provide prognostic information. We sought to determine whether the electrocardiogram (ECG) on hospital presentation provides prognostic information, specifically... |
The Influence Of Social Behavior On Competition Between Virulent Pathogen Strains | Infectious disease interventions like contact precautions and vaccination have proven effective in disease control and elimination. The priority given to interventions can depend strongly on how virulent the pathogen is, and interventions may also depend partly for their success on social processes that respond adaptiv... |
Allo-priming as a universal anti-viral vaccine: protecting elderly from current COVID-19 and any future unknown viral outbreak | BACKGROUND: We present the rationale for a novel allo-priming approach to serve the elderly as a universal anti-virus vaccine, as well serving to remodel the aging immune system in order to reverse immunosenescence and inflammaging. This approach has the potential to protect the most vulnerable from disease and provide... |
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy for saturating influx of COVID-19 patients: experience of military ENT physicians deployed in Mulhouse, France | Abstract Objectives: The main objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of percutaneous tracheostomy performed under difficult conditions by military ENT physicians during their deployment in the military intensive care field hospital of the French Military Medical Service in Mulhouse to confront the exceptional COV... |
Contingent assessment of the COVID-19 vaccine | The COVID-19 pandemic has not only had a negative impact on people’s health and life behavior, but also on economies around the world. At the same time, laboratories and institutions are working hard to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine, which we hope will be available soon. However, there has been no assessment of whether an ... |
Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option? | The effects of smoking on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China, considering the high-population smoking prevalence in China (26.6%). A systematic review of ... |
Establishment of primary transgenic human airway epithelial cell cultures to study respiratory virus – host interactions | Primary human airway epithelial cell (hAEC) cultures represent a universal platform to propagate respiratory viruses and characterize their host interactions in authentic target cells. To further elucidate specific interactions between human respiratory viruses and important host factors in airway epithelium, it is imp... |
COVID-19: key concepts for the surgeon | Abstract In view of the current pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 it deems essential to understand the key concepts about the infection: its epidemiological origin, presentation, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment (still experimental in many cases). The knowledge about the virus is still limited, but as the pandemic progres... |
Chapter 10 Digestive disorders | |
COVID-19 and the March 2020 Stock Market Crash. Evidence from S&P1500 | This paper investigates the US stock market performance during the crash of March 2020 triggered by COVID-19. We find that natural gas, food, healthcare, and software stocks earn high positive returns, whereas equity values in petroleum, real estate, entertainment, and hospitality sectors fall dramatically. Moreover, l... |
Climate change and viral emergence: evidence from Aedes-borne arboviruses | Climate change is leading to increases in global temperatures and erratic precipitation patterns, both of which are contributing to the expansion of mosquito-borne arboviruses and the populations of the mosquitos that vector them. Herein, we review recent evidence of emergence and expansion of arboviruses transmitted b... |
Template-based coiled-coil antigens elicit neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-coronavirus | Abstract The Spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses (CoV) mediates viral entry into host cells. It contains two hydrophobic heptad repeat (HR) regions, denoted HRN and HRC, which oligomerize the S glycoprotein into a trimer in the native state and when activated collapse into a six-helix bundle structure driving fusio... |
Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large, accredited, psychiatric facility in Singapore | The Institute of Mental Health in Singapore continues to attempt to prevent the introduction of COVID-19, despite community transmission. Essential services are maintained and quarantine measures are currently unnecessary. To help similar organizations, strategies are listed along three themes: sustaining essential ser... |
Molecular detection of human parechovirus in under-Five-Year-Old Children with gastroenteritis | Abstract Background Currently, RT-PCR is used widely and considered to be a convenient, useful, and powerful method for molecular diagnosis, to detect pathogens from clinical specimens. Objectives In this work we describe the development of an in-house Real-time Taqman PCR assay for quantification of HPeV in stool spec... |
Preventive replacement policies with time of operations, mission durations, minimal repairs and maintenance triggering approaches | When a mission arrives at a random time and lasts for a duration, it becomes an interesting problem to plan replacement policies according to the health condition and repair history of the operating unit, as the reliability is required at mission time and no replacement can be done preventively during the mission durat... |
China’s rural electricity market—a quantitative analysis | Abstract The objective of this paper is to quantify the development of the rural electricity market at county level and below in China. A sectorial energy demand analysis and forecasting model was developed to analyze six Chinese provinces with different economic backgrounds. Historical data for over 20 years were coll... |
13th ERS Lung Science Conference. The most important take home messages: News from the Underground | The 13th ERS Lung Science Conference (LSC) was organised to bring academics together from all over the world to present and discuss the latest developments regarding lung infection and immunity. The conference took place in breathtaking Estoril, Portugal; however, it wasn’t the beautiful surroundings that were our main... |
Genetic studies of diseases: Predicting siRNA efficiency | Since the identification of RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) in 1998, RNAi has become an effective tool to inhibit gene expression. The inhibition mechanism is triggered by introducing a short interference double-stranded RNA (siRNA,19~27 bp) into the cytoplasm, where the guide strand of siRNA (usually antisense strand... |
Isolation and characterization of Korean porcine deltacoronavirus strain KNU16-07 | Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) has emerged in several pig-raising countries and has been a causative pathogen associated with diarrheal diseases in South Korea since 2014. In the present study, we were able to isolate and cultivate a Korean PDCoV strain (KNU16-07) in cell culture and investigate its pathogenicity. PD... |
Dynamic template-assisted strategies in fragment-based drug discovery | Fragment-based methods for drug discovery are increasingly popular because they provide drug leads with greater ligand efficiency than conventional high-throughput screening. However, established methods for fragment detection do not address the central question in fragment-based ligand discovery: how can a primary lig... |
The majority of infiltrating CD8 T lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions is insensitive to enhanced PD‐L1 levels on CNS cells | Central nervous system (CNS) cells locally modulate immune responses using numerous molecules that are not fully elucidated. Engagement of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), expressed on activated T cells, by its ligands (PD‐L1 or PD‐L2) suppresses T‐cell responses. Enhanced CNS PD‐1 and PD‐L1 expression has been documented in... |
Discovery of antitumor lectins from rainforest tree root transcriptomes | Glycans are multi-branched sugars that are displayed from lipids and proteins. Through their diverse polysaccharide structures they can potentiate a myriad of cellular signaling pathways involved in development, growth, immuno-communication and survival. Not surprisingly, disruption of glycan synthesis is fundamental t... |
Emerging Practice Patterns in Vascular Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic | OBJECTIVE: Ever since the first positive test was identified on January 21, 2020, Washington State has been on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on information obtained from Italian surgeons in Milan and given concerns regarding rising case numbers in Washington state, we implemented new vascular surgery g... |
Medical students’ preference for returning to the clinical setting during the COVID‐19 pandemic | OBJECTIVES: The Covid‐19 pandemic has led to widespread disruptions in the clinical education of medical students. In managing students’ return to the clinical setting, medical schools face the challenge of balancing education, service, and risk considerations. To compound this challenge, medical students may prefer no... |
Phosphonic Acid Analogs of Fluorophenylalanines as Inhibitors of Human and Porcine Aminopeptidases N: Validation of the Importance of the Substitution of the Aromatic Ring | A library of phosphonic acid analogs of phenylalanine substituted with fluorine, chlorine and trifluoromethyl moieties on the aromatic ring was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against human (hAPN) and porcine (pAPN) aminopeptidases. Fluorogenic screening indicated that these analogs are micromolar or ... |
Characterization of an Immunodominant Epitope in the Endodomain of the Coronavirus Membrane Protein | The coronavirus membrane (M) protein acts as a dominant immunogen and is a major player in virus assembly. In this study, we prepared two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; 1C3 and 4C7) directed against the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) M protein. The 1C3 and 4C7 mAbs both reacted with the native TGEV M protein ... |
A 'fly-by' killing with a primordial cellular weapon | Autophagy has been suggested—on the basis of in vitro studies—to be involved in defense against bacterial challenge. A study in drosophila now shows the importance of autophagy in vivo and links a pattern recognition receptor to the autophagy pathway. |
Etiology, seasonality, and clinical characterization of viral respiratory infections among hospitalized children in Beirut, Lebanon | Acute respiratory tract viral infections occur worldwide and are one of the major global burdens of diseases in children. The aim of this study was to determine the viral etiology of respiratory infections in hospitalized children, to understand the viral seasonality in a major Lebanese hospital, and to correlate disea... |
Disease Transmission and Networks | While epidemiological models have traditionally assumed that diseases spread by the mass action principle, actual contact networks within social groups do not meet this assumption. Theoretical models have shown that disease dynamics could vary considerably under different types of contact networks, but these models fac... |
The Role of Internists During Epidemics, Outbreaks, and Bioterrorist Attacks | Internists are well-positioned to play significant roles in recognizing and responding to epidemics, outbreaks, and bioterrorist attacks. They see large numbers of patients with various health problems and may be the patients’ only interaction with the medical community for symptoms resulting from infectious diseases a... |
COVID-19: A case report from Bangladesh perspective | Abstract A 34-year-old man without any significant medical history or comorbidities, suddenly developed fever, and shortness of breath, thereby admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. He had neither a history of traveling to Coronavirus disease (COVID) prone areas nor a dire... |
Fatal lower respiratory tract disease with human corona virus NL63 in an adult haematopoietic cell transplant recipient | |
Hijacking of the Ubiquitin/Proteasome Pathway by the HIV Auxiliary Proteins | The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) ensures regulation of the protein pool in the cell by ubiquitination of proteins followed by their degradation by the proteasome. It plays a central role in the cell under normal physiological conditions as well as during viral infections. On the one hand, the UPS can be used by th... |
Chapter 24 Nanosensor networks for health-care applications | Abstract Functionalized transistors provide effective sensors for a variety of viruses (Zika, severe acute respiratory syndrome), toxins (botulinum), cancers (breast and prostate), and disease or injury biomarkers (troponin, cerebrospinal fluid). A hallmark of this approach is high specificity, rapid response (<5minute... |
An Investigation of the Effect of COVID-19 on OCD in Youth in the Context of Emotional Reactivity, Experiential Avoidance, Depression and Anxiety | In addition to the serious physical and medical effects on individuals, the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have short- and long-term psycho-social consequences, especially for young people. Nowadays, with psychological problems becoming more widely recognized in adolescents, it is possible that the fear and anxiety cau... |
A Multidimensional Model of Public Health Approaches Against COVID-19 | COVID-19 is appearing as one of the most fetal disease of the world’s history and has caused a global health emergency. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim to address the issue of public response against COVID-19. The literature lacks studies on social aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, the current study is an... |
Shared Ventilation: Toward Safer Ventilator Splitting in Resource Emergencies | |
COVID‐19 and impact of personal protective equipment use: From occupational to generalized skin care need | |
Risk Factors for Viral RNA Shedding in COVID-19 Patients | The median time from symptoms onset to viral RNA shedding was 19 days. Patients with CHD comorbidity or decreased albumin levels experienced delays in clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. |
Exploring the epidemic transmission network of SARS in-out flow in mainland China | The changing spatiotemporal patterns of the individual susceptible-infected-symptomatic-treated-recovered epidemic process and the interactions of information/material flows between regions, along with the 2002–2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemiological investigation data in mainland China, including... |
Prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy for closed laparotomy wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials | Surgical site infections are a common source of post-operative morbidity and contribute significantly to healthcare costs. Patients undergoing emergency laparotomy and/or bowel surgery are particularly at risk. Prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been shown to reduce wound infection. However, to dat... |
Investigation of a Potential Zoonotic Transmission of Orthoreovirus Associated with Acute Influenza-Like Illness in an Adult Patient | Bats are increasingly being recognized as important reservoir hosts for a large number of viruses, some of them can be highly virulent when they infect human and livestock animals. Among the new bat zoonotic viruses discovered in recent years, several reoviruses (respiratory enteric orphan viruses) were found to be abl... |
The Covid-19 pandemic in Denmark: Big lessons from a small country | Abstract Denmark, a Scandinavian country of 5.8 million people has weathered the Covid-19 crisis with a relatively low rate of infection and death. Denmark has also become one of the first European countries to partially re-open its society. We offer the perspective that the combination of rapid response from the gover... |
Environmental chemistry is most relevant to study coronavirus pandemics | |
Comparative metrics of neurosurgical scientific journals: What do they mean to readers? | BACKGROUND: In regard to scientific information, are we effectively reaching the universe of physicians in the 21st century, all of whom have different backgrounds, practice environments, educational experiences, and varying degrees of research knowledge? METHODS: A comparison of the top nine neurosurgery journals base... |
Viruses in bats and potential spillover to animals and humans | In the last two decades, several high impact zoonotic disease outbreaks have been linked to bat-borne viruses. These include SARS coronavirus, Hendra virus and Nipah virus. In addition, it has been suspected that ebolaviruses and MERS coronavirus are also linked to bats. It is being increasingly accepted that bats are ... |
Anti-inflammatory activity of electron-deficient organometallics | We report an evaluation of the cytotoxicity of a series of electron-deficient (16-electron) half-sandwich precious metal complexes of ruthenium, osmium and iridium ([Os/Ru(η(6)-p-cymene)(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1,2-dithiolato)] (1/2), [Ir(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadiene)(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1,2-dith... |
Epitope mapping by random peptide phage display reveals essential residues for vaccinia extracellular enveloped virion spread | BACKGROUND: A33 is a type II integral membrane protein expressed on the extracellular enveloped form of vaccinia virus (VACV). Passive transfer of A33-directed monoclonal antibodies or vaccination with an A33 subunit vaccine confers protection against lethal poxvirus challenge in animal models. Homologs of A33 are high... |
Case of Hemorrhagic Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection | • There are protean manifestations of cardiac involvement with COVID 19; • Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion may be the sole cardiac manifestation of COVID 19. |
Deceiving SARS-CoV-2 molecular-tropism clues – A combinational contemporary strategy | Several attempts to control the dreadfulness of SARS-CoV-2 are still underway. Based on the literature evidences we have speculated a prospective contemporary remedy, which was categorized into Specificity, Remedy, and a Conveyor. In which, pros and cons were discussed and inferred the possible alternatives. (a) Specif... |
IL‐35: A potential therapeutic target for controlling hepatitis B virus infection | Interleukin (IL)‐35, a recently identified cytokine of the IL‐12 family, is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine secreted by regulatory T (Treg) cells and the newly reported regulatory B (Breg) cells. IL‐35 functions as a crucial immunosuppressive factor in immune‐mediated diseases, and the predominant mechanism of supp... |
Do COVID-19 Conspiracy Theory Beliefs Form a Monological Belief System? | Along with criticisms of the U.S. government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the disruptions to home, work, and school life resulting from social distancing orders recommended by public health experts, as well as the uncertainty about how long the disruptions will be necessary and when (if ever) we will have a vac... |
The aging lung | There are many age-associated changes in the respiratory and pulmonary immune system. These changes include decreases in the volume of the thoracic cavity, reduced lung volumes, and alterations in the muscles that aid respiration. Muscle function on a cellular level in the aging population is less efficient. The elderl... |
Definitive diagnosis in suspected Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus cases | We evaluated the microbiological diagnosis in 14 patients with epidemiological and clinical suspicion of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) attended in a non-endemic area between June 2015 and January 2017. While no MERS-CoV was detected, other respiratory viruses were identified in 12 cases and My... |
Statistical Explorations and Univariate Timeseries Analysis on COVID-19 Datasets to Understand the Trend of Disease Spreading and Death | “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, the novel coronavirus, is responsible for the ongoing worldwide pandemic. “World Health Organization (WHO)” assigned an “International Classification of Diseases (ICD)” code—“COVID-19”-as the name of the new disease. Coronaviruses are generally transferred... |
Synthesis of β-amino-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols and their applications in organic synthesis | Abstract A comprehensive overview on methods applied for syntheses of β-amino-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols, including stereocontrolled variants, is presented. In addition, reported cases of the exploration of β-amino-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols for the preparation of trifluoromethylated peptidomimetics and other biologica... |
Service-learning in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Emerging lessons from the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health at the University of Botswana | The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted many lives worldwide. Training programmes in academic institutions have also been affected by the pandemic. Teaching and learning family medicine and public health medicine in the COVID-19 era require adjustments to training activities. At the Univers... |
Kawasaki disease: a matter of innate immunity | Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of childhood that does not have a known cause or aetiology. The epidemiological features (existence of epidemics, community outbreaks and seasonality), unique age distribution and clinical symptoms and signs of KD suggest that the disease is caused by one or more in... |
Inhibition of norovirus replication by morpholino oligomers targeting the 5′-end of the genome | Noroviruses are an important cause of non-bacterial epidemic gastroenteritis, but no specific antiviral therapies are available. We investigated the inhibitory effect of phosphorodiamidiate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) targeted against norovirus sequences. A panel of peptide-conjugated PMOs (PPMOs) specific for the muri... |
mTOR inhibitors lower an intrinsic barrier to virus infection mediated by IFITM3 | Rapamycin and its derivatives are specific inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and, as a result, are well-established immunosuppressants and antitumorigenic agents. Additionally, this class of drug promotes gene delivery by facilitating lentiviral vector entry into cells, revealing its potential t... |
Biocontrol risks | |
Detection and Monitoring of SARS Coronavirus in the Plasma and Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome | |
Chapter 7 Diseases of the ear | Abstract In children with normal hearing, inflammatory disorders caused by infections of the middle ear (otitis media) are the most common ear illnesses. Many of older adults experience some level of hearing loss. Several factors can lead to either a partial loss or the total inability to hear (deafness) including expo... |
Assessment of the quality of systematic reviews on COVID‐19: A comparative study of previous coronavirus outbreaks | Several systematic reviews (SRs) have been conducted on the COVID‐19 outbreak, which together with the SRs on previous coronavirus outbreaks, form important sources of evidence for clinical decision and policy making. Here, we investigated the methodological quality of SRs on COVID‐19, severe acute respiratory syndrome... |
Streptococcus pneumoniae induced c-Jun-N-terminal kinase- and AP-1 -dependent IL-8 release by lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells | BACKGROUND: Although pneumococcal pneumonia is one of the most common causes of death due to infectious diseases, little is known about pneumococci-lung cell interaction. Herein we tested the hypothesis that pneumococci activated pulmonary epithelial cell cytokine release by c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) METHODS: H... |
Coexistence of multiple genotypes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus with novel mutant S genes in the Hubei Province of China in 2016 | The emergence of highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) variants in China caused huge economic losses in 2010. Since then, large-scale sporadic outbreaks of PED caused by PEDV variants have occasionally occurred in China. However, the molecular diversity and epidemiology of PEDV in different provinces h... |
COVID‐19 breakthroughs: separating fact from fiction | The newly recognised coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, causative agent of COVID‐19, has caused a pandemic with huge ramifications for human interactions around the globe. As expected, research efforts to understand the virus and curtail the disease are moving at a frantic pace alongside the spread of rumours, speculations and fa... |
Stabilized coronavirus spikes are resistant to conformational changes induced by receptor recognition or proteolysis | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 as a highly transmissible pathogenic human betacoronavirus. The viral spike glycoprotein (S) utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a host protein receptor and mediates fusion of the viral and host membranes, making S essential to vira... |
Structure-based Design of Prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spikes | The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to accelerated efforts to develop therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccines to mitigate this public health emergency. A key target of these efforts is the spike (S) protein, a large trimeric class I fusion protein that is metastable and difficult to... |
Characterization of divergent and atypical canine coronaviruses from Sweden | Field canine coronaviruses (CCVs) identified during a series of outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Swedish dogs were subjected to genetic analysis involving the open reading frame 1b (ORF1b) and the membrane (M) and spike (S) protein genes. Four field viruses originating from the Stockholm region presented identical seque... |
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