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The role of post-Golgi transport pathways and sorting motifs in the plasmodesmal targeting of the movement protein (MP) of Ourmia melon virus (OuMV) | Plants have a highly sophisticated endomembrane system that is targeted by plant viruses for cell-to-cell movement. The movement protein (MP) of Ourmia melon virus (OuMV) is targeted to plasmodesmata (PD) and forms tubules to facilitate cell-to-cell movement. Despite a number of functionally important regions for corre... |
Inferring generation-interval distributions from contact-tracing data | Generation intervals, defined as the time between when an individual is infected and when that individual infects another person, link two key quantities that describe an epidemic: the initial reproductive number, [Formula: see text] , and the initial rate of exponential growth, r. Generation intervals can be measured ... |
Blood Screening for Influenza | Influenza viruses, including highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1), could threaten blood safety. We analyzed 10,272 blood donor samples with a minipool nucleic acid amplication technique. Analytical sensitivity of the method was 804 geq/mL and 444 geq/mL for generic influenza primers and influenza (H5N1) subty... |
Balkan endemic nephropathy—current status and future perspectives | Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), originally described in 1956, is a unique familial, chronic renal disease encountered with a high-prevalence rate in Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most prominent features of the disease are its endemic nature, long-incubation period, familial cluste... |
Striding Toward Malaria Elimination in China | |
Thoughts on the pathophysiology of nonallergic rhinitis | Nonallergic noninfectious rhinitis is a diagnosis by exclusion, meaning that a number of poorly defined nasal conditions that have in common allergy and infection as a cause of the rhinitis have been excluded. The etiology of some subgroups of nonallergic noninfectious rhinitis, like nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophi... |
Bilirubin levels in patients with mild and severe Covid‐19: A pooled analysis | The letter comments on a recent commentary published in Liver International entitled "COVID-19 and liver disease" by Sun et al., and describes a pooled analysis of data on bilirubin levels in patients with and without severe Covid-19. This is the first pooled analysis of data on bilirubin in Covid-19 patients. The resu... |
Methodology and application of Escherichia coli F4 and F18 encoding infection models in post-weaning pigs | The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) expressing F4 and F18 fimbriae are the two main pathogens associated with post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets. The growing global concern regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has encouraged research into the development of nutritional and feeding strategies as well as ... |
High time for ease the doctor-patient relationship in China | Abstract As doctors, we find it disturbing to read the paper “Burnout in physicians who are exposed to workplace violence” (January 2020).1 Workplace violence experienced by doctors has been documented both in developed and developing countries. Reports show that Chinese medical professionals are being injured, disable... |
Antiviral innate immune response in non-myeloid cells is augmented by chloride ions via an increase in intracellular hypochlorous acid levels | Phagocytes destroy ingested microbes by producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from chloride ions (Cl(−)) and hydrogen peroxide within phagolysosomes, using the enzyme myeloperoxidase. HOCl, the active ingredient in bleach, has antibacterial/antiviral properties. As myeloperoxidase is needed for HOCl production, non-myeloi... |
Crises drive innovation | Crises often drive innovation. The COVID 19 pandemic has led to the necessary postponement of much planned surgical activity with the cancellation of outpatient, diagnostic and operative work. These measures have been designed to 'flatten the curve' and delay the spread of coronavirus whilst also freeing up capacity wi... |
Re: “Proposal for International Standardization of the Use of Lung Ultrasound for Patients With COVID‐19: A Simple, Quantitative, Reproducible Method”—Could Telementoring of Lung Ultrasound Reduce Health Care Provider Risks, Especially for Paucisymptomatic Home‐Isolating Patients? | |
Population-based Surveillance for Medically Attended Human Parainfluenza Viruses From the Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project, 2010–2014 | BACKGROUND: Parainfluenza viruses (PIV) have been shown to contribute substantially to pediatric hospitalizations in the United States. However, to date, there has been no systematic surveillance to estimate the burden among pediatric outpatients. METHODS: From August 2010 through July 2014, outpatient health care prov... |
Identification of Alpha and Beta Coronavirus in Wildlife Species in France: Bats, Rodents, Rabbits, and Hedgehogs | Coronaviruses are closely monitored in the context of emerging diseases and, as illustrated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), are known to cross the species barrier and eventually to move from wildlife to humans. Knowledge of the d... |
Chapter 44 Experimental Models of Virus-Induced Demyelination | Publisher Summary This chapter reviews two of the most widely studied animal models of virus-induced demyelinating disease. These are Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus and murine hepatitis virus. Both viruses produce acute inflammatory encephalitis that is followed by chronic central-nervous-system (CNS) demyeli... |
What’s the Deal? Trump, Fichte’s Closed Commercial State, and the Perverse Dialectic of Neoliberal Risk | The following paper seeks to understand Donald Trump as a “dialectical image” for the contradictions of neoliberal capitalism. Trump’s management style, as described in his Art of the Deal, combines a fetishizing of entrepreneurial risk as a “lifestyle” with the insistence that it is not the entrepreneur but his target... |
More Competences than You Knew? The Web of Health Competence for European Union Action in Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak | |
PEGylated Adenoviruses: From Mice to Monkeys | Covalent modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG), a non-toxic polymer used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for over 60 years, can profoundly influence the pharmacokinetic, pharmacologic and toxciologic profile of protein and peptide-based therapeutics. This review summarizes the history of PEGylat... |
Public health in Canada: Evolution, meaning and a new paradigm for respiratory therapy | Chronic disease burden in Canada poses an imminent public health threat. The impact of respiratory disease in Canada alone is significant, affecting one in five and leading any other cause of repeat hospitalization in all age groups. Public health action is considered to be an important means of addressing these issues... |
The putative etiology and prevention of autism | Since the initial psychological report by Leo Kanner in 1943, relatively little formal biochemical/neurological research on the cause of autism, other than peripheral searches for genomic mutations, had been carried until the end of the 20th century. As a result of studies on twin sets and the conclusion that autism wa... |
Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Using e-Health Interventions for Patients With Eating Disorders | BACKGROUND: In a world of technological advancements, electronic devices and services seem to be a promising way to increase patients’ engagement in treatment and to help manage their symptoms. Here, we identified and analyzed the current evidence of RCTs to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of e-health inte... |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments | Many viral respiratory infections can cause severe acute respiratory symptoms leading to mortality and morbidity. In the spring of 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused by SARS-CoV spread globally. In the summer of 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak caused by MERS-Co... |
Contextualizing covid-19 spread: a county level analysis, urban versus rural, and implications for preparing for the next wave | Paraphrasing [Morano and Holt, 2017], contextual determinants of health including social, environmental, healthcare and others, are a so-called deck of cards one is dealt. The ability to modify health outcomes varies then based upon how one's hand is played. It is thus of great interest to understand how these determin... |
Current research for a vaccine against Lassa hemorrhagic fever virus | Lassa virus (LASV) is a rodent-borne arenavirus endemic to several West African countries that causes Lassa fever (LF). LF is typically mild but it can cause severe disease characterized by hemorrhagic fever and multi-organ failure. A current outbreak of LASV in Nigeria has seen greater than 300 cases with a case fatal... |
Experimental Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis in Gnotobiotic Pigs | Summary A central nervous system (CNS) disorder characterized by non-suppurative encephalomyelitis with neurological signs was induced experimentally in gnotobiotic pigs by intravenous and oral or intranasal inoculation of the porcine teschovirus (PTV) Toyama 2002 strain isolated from breeding pigs in Japan. Lesions co... |
Routine molecular point-of-care testing for respiratory viruses in adults presenting to hospital with acute respiratory illness (ResPOC): a pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial | Summary Background Respiratory virus infection is a common cause of hospitalisation in adults. Rapid point-of-care testing (POCT) for respiratory viruses might improve clinical care by reducing unnecessary antibiotic use, shortening length of hospital stay, improving influenza detection and treatment, and rationalising... |
Mental well-being of international migrants to Japan: a systematic review | BACKGROUND: Migration is a stressful process of resettlement and acculturation that can often negatively impact the mental health of migrants. International migration to Japan, a country with dominant ethnic homogeneity, is growing steadily amid an ageing domestic population and severe labour shortages. OBJECTIVES: To ... |
Epidemiologic characteristics of traumatic fractures during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A retrospective & comparative multi-center study | PURPOSE: Amid the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), effective measures have been taken in China to suggest people wearing masks and staying at home. The majority of the people stayed at home, which had an obvious impact on the occurrence of traumatic fractures. This study aimed to describe the epidemiolo... |
Nonhuman Primate IFITM Proteins Are Potent Inhibitors of HIV and SIV | Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins are potent antiviral factors shown to restrict the infection of many enveloped viruses, including HIV. Here we report cloning and characterization of a panel of nonhuman primate IFITMs. We show that, similar to human IFITM, nonhuman primate IFITM proteins inhibit HIV an... |
Peptide microarrays with site-specifically immobilized synthetic peptides for antibody diagnostics | Abstract Peptide microarrays bear the potential to discover molecular recognition events on protein level, particularly in the field of molecular immunology, in a manner and with an efficiency comparable to the performance of DNA microarrays. We developed a novel peptide microarray platform for the detection of antibod... |
CoronARTvirus | |
Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015 | OBJECTIVES: As of 1 November 2015, the Saudi Ministry of Health had reported 1273 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); among these cases, which included 9 outbreaks at several hospitals, 717 (56%) patients recovered, 14 (1%) remain hospitalised and 543 (43%) died. This study aimed to determine the epidemio... |
31 days of COVID-19—cardiac events during restriction of public life—a comparative study | AIMS: The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to the most recent pandemic of the twenty-first century. To contain spread of the virus, many nations introduced a public lockdown. How the pandemic itself and measures of social restriction affect hospital admissions due to acute cardiac events has rarely been evaluated ye... |
Where are we now with COVID‐19? | As a practicing front line clinician in the acute adult general medical field, I read Dr Stein's recent insightful article on novel coronavirus (COVID 19)1 with great interest. News reports in the UK and around the world carry daily updates and increasing speculation about the potential global impact as the virus sprea... |
Differential response to frameshift signals in eukaryotic and prokaryotic translational systems. | The genomic RNA of beet western yellows virus (BWYV) contains a potential translational frameshift signal in the overlap region of open reading frames ORF2 and ORF3. The signal, composed of a heptanucleotide slippery sequence and a downstream pseudoknot, is similar in appearance to those identified in retroviral RNAs. ... |
Political will and international collaborative frameworks in infectious diseases | The last few decades have been marked by a rapid expansion in the world?s population, along with an increasingly dynamic mobility of individuals. This accelerated global inter‐connectedness enabled microorganisms to reach virtually any location worldwide more rapidly and efficiently than ever before, reshaping the glob... |
A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus (Isolate BJ01) | The genome sequence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-associated virus provides essential information for the identification of pathogen(s), exploration of etiology and evolution, interpretation of transmission and pathogenesis, development of diagnostics, prevention by future vaccination, and treatment b... |
Assessing the skillset of surgeons facing the COVID‐19 pandemic | |
Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Japanese Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale Among Adolescents | In the context of the global outbreak of COVID-19, there is an urgent need to explore the effects of this pandemic on the mental health of adolescents. The present study aims to adapt and validate a Japanese-version Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) with a sample of adolescent students from Japan. To this end, the Japan... |
The pathogen receptor liver and lymph node sinusoidal endotelial cell C‐type lectin is expressed in human Kupffer cells and regulated by PU.1 | Human LSECtin (liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C‐type lectin, CLEC4G) is a C‐type lectin encoded within the L‐SIGN/DC‐SIGN/CD23 gene cluster. LSECtin acts as a pathogen attachment factor for Ebolavirus and the SARS coronavirus, and its expression can be induced by interleukin‐4 on monocytes and macroph... |
Legal and Ethical Aspects of ‘Best Interests’ Decision-Making for Medical Treatment of Companion Animals in the UK | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Making decisions about medical treatment for animal patients involves two key decision-makers, the animal owner and the veterinary surgeon. We aim to show that these decisions should and can be based on the ‘best interests’ of the animal, with both human decision-makers acting as advocates for the anima... |
A virus that has gone viral: amino acid mutation in S protein of Indian isolate of Coronavirus COVID-19 might impact receptor binding, and thus, infectivity | Since 2002, β coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 late in 2019 (also named as COVID-19 or novel coronavirus 2019 or nCoV2019). Spike (S) protein, one of the structural proteins of this virus plays key role in receptor (ACE2... |
The Etiological Role of Common Respiratory Viruses in Acute Respiratory Infections in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) constitute a substantial disease burden in adults and elderly individuals. We aimed to identify all case-control studies investigating the potential role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of ARI in older adults aged ≥65 years. We conducted a systematic literature review (ac... |
Managing business relationships during a pandemic: Conducting a relationship audit and developing a path forward | Abstract During stable times, firms will generally aim to create reliable B2B relationships that provide increased efficiency and profitability. However, tumultuous times, such as the time during a major pandemic, cause many significant disruptions in both internal and external environmental domains. Thus, we argue tha... |
Evaluation of a Novel Non-Penetrating Electrode for Use in DNA Vaccination | Current progress in the development of vaccines has decreased the incidence of fatal and non-fatal infections and increased longevity. However, new technologies need to be developed to combat an emerging generation of infectious diseases. DNA vaccination has been demonstrated to have great potential for use with a wide... |
Human Coronaviruses Associated with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Three Rural Areas of Ghana | BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, especially in Africa. This study sought to determine whether human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are associated with upper respiratory tract infections among older children and adults in Ghana. METHODS... |
Bullous skin disease patients in a high‐epidemic COVID‐19 area, Bergamo, Italy | Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV) are blistering disorders associated with barrier disruption, immune dysregulation and use of immunosuppressing systemic therapy. Patients with BP and PV have higher potential risk factors for infections secondary to skin alterations, comorbidity and chronic treatment ... |
A RhoA-derived peptide inhibits syncytium formation induced by respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 | The fusion glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human parainfluenza virus type-3 (PIV-3) mediate virus entry and syncytium formation. Interaction between the fusion protein of RSV and RhoA, a small GTPase, facilitates virus-induced syncytium formation. We show here a RhoA-derived peptide inhibit... |
Discovery of Bat Coronaviruses through Surveillance and Probe Capture-Based Next-Generation Sequencing | Coronaviruses (CoVs) of bat origin have caused two pandemics in this century. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV both originated from bats, and it is highly likely that bat coronaviruses will cause future outbreaks. Active surveillance is both urgent and essenti... |
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EXOPOLYMER PRODUCED BY BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS: IN VITRO ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AGAINST ENVELOPED VIRUSES | The exopolymer (EPSp) produced by the strain B. licheniformis IDN-EC was isolated and characterized using different techniques (MALDI-TOF, NMR, ATR-FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM). The results showed that the low molecular weight EPSp contained a long polyglutamic acid and an extracellular teichoic acid polysaccharide. The latter... |
Type 1 cytokines polarize thymocytes during T cell development in adult thymus organ cultures | Abstract Peripheral T cells can be polarized towards type 1 or type 2 cytokine immune responses during TCR engagement. Because T cell selection by peptide plus self-MHC in the thymus requires TCR engagement, we hypothesized that type 1 cytokines may polarize developing T cells. We cultured thymi from BBDR rats in adult... |
Upper airway viruses and bacteria in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Brisbane, Australia: a cross-sectional study | BACKGROUND: Respiratory morbidity in Australian Indigenous children is higher than their non-Indigenous counterparts, irrespective of urban or remote residence. There are limited studies addressing acute respiratory illness (ARI) in urban Indigenous children, particularly those that address the upper airway microbiome ... |
Nucleic-Acid Testing, New Platforms and Nanotechnology for Point-of-Decision Diagnosis of Animal Pathogens | Accurate disease diagnosis in animals is crucial for animal well-being but also for preventing zoonosis transmission to humans. In particular, livestock diseases may constitute severe threats to humans due to the particularly high physical contact and exposure and, also, be the cause of important economic losses, even ... |
Inhibition of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 Ameliorates Inflammation and Macrophage and Neutrophil Activation in Alcoholic Liver Disease in Mice | Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by macrophage and neutrophil leukocyte recruitment and activation in the liver. Damage‐ and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns contribute to a self‐perpetuating proinflammatory state in ALD. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM‐1) is a surface recepto... |
European Bats as Carriers of Viruses with Zoonotic Potential | Bats are being increasingly recognized as reservoir hosts of highly pathogenic and zoonotic emerging viruses (Marburg virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Rabies virus, and coronaviruses). While numerous studies have focused on the mentioned highly human-pathogenic bat viruses in tropical regions, little is known on simil... |
MERS-coronavirus: From discovery to intervention | Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) still causes outbreaks despite public awareness and implementation of health care measures, such as rapid viral diagnosis and patient quarantine. Here we describe the current epidemiological picture of MERS-CoV, focusing on humans and animals affected by this viru... |
A data-driven assessment of early travel restrictions related to the spreading of the novel COVID-19 within mainland China | Two months after it was firstly reported, the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 spread worldwide. However, the vast majority of reported infections until February occurred in China. To assess the effect of early travel restrictions adopted by the health authorities in China, we have implemented an epidemic metapopulat... |
Development and validation of the HNC-LL score for predicting the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 | BACKGROUND: Information regarding risk factors associated with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is limited. This study aimed to develop a model for predicting COVID-19 severity. METHODS: Overall, 690 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were recruited between 1 January and 18 March 2020 from hospitals in Honghu and Na... |
Capillary Electrophoresis of PCR fragments with 5´-labelled primers for testing the SARS-Cov-2 | Due to the huge demand for SARS-Cov-2 determination,alternatives to the standard qtPCRtestsare potentially useful for increasing the number of samples screened. Our aim was to develop a direct fluorescent PCR capillary-electrophoresis detection of the viral genome. We validated this approach on several SARS-Cov-2 posit... |
The genomes of three coronaviruses | |
Identification of New Respiratory Viruses in the New Millennium | The rapid advancement of molecular tools in the past 15 years has allowed for the retrospective discovery of several new respiratory viruses as well as the characterization of novel emergent strains. The inability to characterize the etiological origins of respiratory conditions, particularly in children, led several r... |
Covid-19 Confinement and Changes of Adolescent’s Dietary Trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil | Confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic can influence dietary profiles, especially those of adolescents, who are highly susceptible to acquiring bad eating habits. Adolescents’ poor dietary habits increase their subsequent risk of degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular pathologies, etc. Our ai... |
Differentiated human airway organoids to assess infectivity of emerging influenza virus | Novel reassortant avian influenza H7N9 virus and pandemic 2009 H1N1 (H1N1pdm) virus cause human infections, while avian H7N2 and swine H1N1 virus mainly infect birds and pigs, respectively. There is no robust in vitro model for assessing the infectivity of emerging viruses in humans. Based on a recently established met... |
COVID-19 em felinos, seu papel na saúde humana e possíveis implicações para os seus tutores e para a vigilância em saúde/ COVID-19 en felinos, su papel en la salud humana y las posibles implicaciones para sus guardianes y la vigilancia de la salud/ COVID-19 in felines, their role in human health and possible implicatio... | |
Avian Influenza Risk Perception, Hong Kong | A telephone survey of 986 Hong Kong households determined exposure and risk perception of avian influenza from live chicken sales. Householders bought 38,370,000 live chickens; 11% touched them when buying, generating 4,220,000 exposures annually; 36% (95% confidence interval [CI] 33%–39%) perceived this as risky, 9% (... |
Environmental factors, immune changes and respiratory diseases in troops during military activities | Abstract Combat operations in contemporary theaters of war, as well as combat training, are carried out in all parts of the world, typically in a harsh environment. Specific environmental conditions, such as heat, cold, high-altitudes, desert climates, as well as chemical and biological pollution of both the atmosphere... |
The role of risk perception in willingness to respond to the 2014–2016 West African Ebola outbreak: a qualitative study of international health care workers. | BACKGROUND: The 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak was an unprecedented public health event, and in addition to claiming over 11,000 lives, it resulted in the deaths of more healthcare workers than any outbreak in recent history. While a cadre of willing and able health workers is essential for an... |
Calf-Level Factors Associated with Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia – A Multi-Country Case-Control Study | Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP), a high fatality condition causing haemorrhages in calves aged less than 4 weeks, was first reported in 2007 in Germany and subsequently observed at low incidence in other European countries and New Zealand. A multi-country matched case-control study was conducted in 2011 to identify ... |
Mental Health Outcomes Among Frontline and Second-Line Health Care Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Italy | This cross-sectional study reports on symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and insomnia among health care workers in Italy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. |
Androgenetic Alopecia Present in the Majority of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients – the “Gabrin sign” | |
Knowledge and practices of primary health care physicians regarding updated guidelines of MERS-CoV infection in Abha city | BACKGROUND: Human coronaviruses (hCoV) usually cause mild to moderate upper respiratory tract illnesses. The novel coronavirus (nCoV), or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is a particular strain different from any other known hCoV with the possibility of human and also zoonotic transmissions. The... |
Letter to the Editor—Behavioral Health Implications of Inmate Release During COVID‐19 | |
COVID-19 Pandemic Shifts Inpatient Imaging Utilization | The results from this study provide real-world data to inform Radiology practices regarding not only the decline in inpatient imaging volumes, but more importantly the significant shift in the imaging composition mix during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Multiplex cytokine profiling with highly pathogenic material: Use of formalin solution in luminex analysis | Abstract Work with highly pathogenic material mandates the use of biological containment facilities, involving microbiological safety cabinets and specialist laboratory engineering structures typified by containment level 3 (CL3) and CL4 laboratories. Consequences of working in high containment are the practical diffic... |
Epidemiology and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia | The seriousness of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), despite being a reasonably common and potentially lethal disease, often is under estimated by physicians and patients alike. CAP results in more than 10 million visits to physicians, 64 million days of restricted activity, and 600,000 hospitalizations. This article... |
Acute life threatening event (ALTE) in an infant with human coronavirus HCoV‐229E infection | In this short report we discuss the temporal association between an acute life threatening event (ALTE) and a RT‐PCR confirmed coronavirus HCoV‐229E infection in a 4 months old otherwise healthy infant. More detailed microbiological investigations of affected children even without apparent signs of a respiratory tract ... |
Viral Etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children and adults in Shandong Province, China | BACKGROUND: The dominant viral etiologies responsible for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are poorly understood, particularly among hospitalized patients. Improved etiological insight is needed to improve clinical management and prevention of ARIs. METHODS: Clinical and demographic information and throat swabs were... |
Intracranial Administration of P Gene siRNA Protects Mice from Lethal Chandipura Virus Encephalitis | BACKGROUND: In parts of India, Chandipura Virus (CHPV) has emerged as an encephalitis causing pathogen in both epidemic and sporadic forms. This pediatric disease follows rapid course leading to 55–75% mortality. In the absence of specific treatment, effectiveness of RNA interference (RNAi) was evaluated. METHODS AND F... |
Human mastadenovirus-B (HAdV-B)-specific E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ glycoproteins interact with each other and localize at the plasma membrane of non-polarized airway epithelial cells | Abstract The E3 region of all simian and human types classified within species Human mastadenovirus B (HAdV-B) encodes two unique highly conserved ORFs of unknown function designated E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ. We generated a HAdV-3 mutant encoding small epitope tags at the N-termini of both E3-CR1β and E3-CR1γ (HAdV-3 N-tag ... |
Recombinant adenovirus carrying a core neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and heat-labile enterotoxin B of Escherichia coli as a mucosal vaccine | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) targets the intestinal mucosa in pigs. To protect against PEDV invasion, a mucosal vaccine is utilized effectively. In this study, we generated a recombinant adenovirus vaccine encoding the heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB) and the core neutralizing epitope (COE) of PEDV (rAd-LTB-CO... |
Do Paramedics Have a Professional Obligation to Work During a Pandemic? A Qualitative Exploration of Community Member Expectations | OBJECTIVES: Previous research has identified a lack of clarification regarding paramedic professional obligation to work. Understanding community expectations of paramedics will provide some clarity around this issue. The objective of this research was to explore the expectations of a sample of Australian community mem... |
The role of infection in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease | We have greatly increased our understanding of the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the last decade; however, migrant studies highlight the importance of environment in disease risk. The possibility that IBD is an infection has been debated since the first description of Crohn’s disease. Mycobacterium av... |
Cutaneous lesions in a patient with COVID‐19: are they related? | A previously healthy 57‐year‐old woman presented with fever (39 °C) lasting for 4 days, and dry cough and rash appeared 2 days before. Diffuse fixed erythematous blanching maculopapular lesions were present, asymptomatic over the limbs and trunk, with burning sensation over the palms (a, b). She denied any drug intake,... |
Returning to Clinics Amidst COVID‐19: A Student Response to Compton et al | As U.K based medical students, we read with great interest the article by Compton et al (1) exploring the various factors influencing students’ motivation to return to clinical practice amidst the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Despite the study exploring several convincing factors in explaining the hesitance of medical st... |
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Surgeons during COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Availability, Usage, and Rationing | BACKGROUND: Surgeons need guidance regarding appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID‐19 pandemic based on scientific evidence rather than availability. The aim of this paper is to inform surgeons of appropriate PPE requirements, and to discuss usage, availability, rationing and future solutions... |
Influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and SARS | Abstract Acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a major worldwide health problem, particularly in childhood. About 30–50% of acute LRTIs are viral in origin; of these, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus are associated with the greatest disease burden in humans. Many different influenza A viruses oc... |
Does virus–bacteria coinfection increase the clinical severity of acute respiratory infection? | This retrospective cohort study investigated the presence of bacteria in respiratory secretions of patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infections and analyzed the impact of viral and bacterial coinfection on severity and the mortality rate. A total of 169 patients with acute respiratory infections were include... |
Erythema multiforme‐like eruption in patients with COVID‐19 infection: clinical and histological findings | Cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID‐19 infection are being increasingly reported. Several patterns have been described since the initial report by Recalcati,(1) including erythematous maculo‐papular,(1) urticarial,(1,2) chickenpox‐like,(1,3) purpuric peri‐flexural,(4) transient livedo reticularis,(5) and ac... |
COVID-19 infection can cause chemotherapy resistance development in patients with breast cancer and tamoxifen may cause susceptibility to COVID-19 infection | Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and is the second most common cause of death in women. Estrogen plays an important role in breast tumor etiopathogenesis. Tamoxifen and other anti-estrogen drugs are used in breast cancer patients who have a positive estrogen receptor (ER). While angiotensin II plays a k... |
Phosphoantigen-Expanded Human γδ T Cells Display Potent Cytotoxicity against Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Infected with Human and Avian Influenza Viruses | BackgroundInfluenza virus is a cause of substantial annual morbidity and mortality worldwide. The potential emergence of a new pandemic strain (eg, avian influenza virus) is a major concern. Currently available vaccines and anti-influenza drugs have limited effectiveness for influenza virus infections, especially for n... |
Sources and symptoms of stress among nurses in the first Chinese anti-Ebola medical team during the Sierra Leone aid mission: A qualitative study | OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the sources of stress, corresponding symptoms, and stress relief among nurses of the first Chinese anti-Ebola medical team during the Sierra Leone aid mission. METHOD: A purposive sampling method was used and 10 nurses were selected from the first Chinese anti-Ebola medical team that ... |
Viral Shedding and Antibody Response in 37 Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection | Background. The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus causes isolated cases and outbreaks of severe respiratory disease. Essential features of the natural history of disease are poorly understood. Methods. We studied 37 adult patients infected with MERS coronavirus for viral load in the lower and upper re... |
The Spectrum of Non-asthmatic Airway Diseases Contributing to Cough in the Adult | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cough becomes a pathologic reflex when the airways are inflamed and overwhelmed with excessive mucus. The goal of this review is to discuss acute and chronic cough syndromes caused by non-asthmatic airway diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Acute cough syndrome is short-lived and self-limited. Acute bronchiti... |
Searching immunodominant epitopes prior to epidemic: HLA class II-restricted SARS-CoV spike protein epitopes in unexposed individuals | Identification of dominant T cell epitopes within newly emerging and re-emerging infectious organisms is valuable in understanding pathogenic immune responses and potential vaccine designs. However, difficulties in obtaining samples from patients or convalescent subjects have hampered research in this direction. We dem... |
We need each other: Social supports during COVID 19 | |
Molecular characterisation of a bovine-like rotavirus detected from a giraffe | BACKGROUND: Rotavirus (RV), is a member of the Reoviridae family and an important etiological agent of acute viral gastroenteritis in the young. Rotaviruses have a wide host range infecting a broad range of animal species, however little is known about rotavirus infection in exotic animals. In this paper we report the ... |
A Monoclonal Antibody-Based Copro-ELISA Kit for Canine Echinococcosis to Support the PAHO Effort for Hydatid Disease Control in South America | Cystic echinococcosis is still a major concern in South America. While some regions show advances in the control of the disease, others have among the highest incidence in the world. To reverse this situation the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has launched a regional project on cystic echinococcosis control an... |
Is the COVID-19 pandemic masking dengue epidemic in Bangladesh? | COVID-19 is now a pandemic. Like other countries, Bangladesh is putting all its efforts to combat this pandemic. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing a severe flu-like illness and, sometimes causing a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue. At this very crisis moment, there are reports on ne... |
Activation of the autophagy pathway by Torovirus infection is irrelevant for virus replication | Autophagy is a conserved eukaryotic process that mediates lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic macromolecules and damaged organelles, also exerting an important role in the elimination of intracellular pathogens. Despite the antiviral role of autophagy, many studies suggest that some positive-stranded RNA viruses explo... |
IFNΛ3/4 locus polymorphisms and IFNΛ3 circulating levels are associated with COPD severity and outcomes | BACKGROUND: Interferon lambdas (IFNLs) have important anti-viral/bacterial and immunomodulatory functions in the respiratory tract. How do IFNLs impact COPD and its exacerbations? METHODS: Five hundred twenty eight patients were recruited in a prospective observational multicentre cohort (PROMISE) study. The genetic po... |
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