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Replication of Viruses | In general terms, virus replication involves three broad stages which are present in all viruses: initiation of infection, replication and expression of the genome, and the release of mature virions from the infected cell. At a more detailed level, virus replication can be broken down into the stages of attachment, ent... |
Loss of the abundant nuclear non-coding RNA MALAT1 is compatible with life and development | The metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1, MALAT1, is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has been discovered as a marker for lung cancer metastasis. It is highly abundant, its expression is strongly regulated in many tumor entities including lung adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as ... |
COVID-19-Related Web Search Behaviors and Infodemic Attitudes in Italy: Infodemiological Study | BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, fake news and misleading information have circulated worldwide, which can profoundly affect public health communication. OBJECTIVE: We investigated online search behavior related to the COVID-19 outbreak and the attitudes of “infodemi... |
Managing chronic wounds during novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak | |
La PCR multiplex : un outil diagnostic d’infection respiratoire basse chez l’adulte | L’identification des agents pathogènes est importante pour la mise en œuvre d’un traitement adapté des infections respiratoires basses (IRB) mais les méthodes diagnostic classiques sont souvent mises en défaut. Nous rapportons l’impact sur la pratique clinique de l’utilisation de la PCR multiplex pour la détection de 1... |
The Financial Impact of Controlling a Respiratory Virus Outbreak in a Teaching Hospital: Lessons Learned from SARS | BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and renewed concerns regarding pandemic influenza have resulted in widespread planning for future respiratory disease outbreaks. Such planning should include accurate cost estimates for any proposed disease control strategies. From the acute care... |
Spherical Fuzzy Cost/Benefit Analysis of Wind Energy Investments | Energy investments are highly risky due to the uncertainties of the energy market. Over the past two decades, the usage of wind energy has been increased dramatically. Appropriate wind energy investment valuations are vital for both the public and private sectors. The fluctuations in the energy prices, the uncertaintie... |
WSV 2019: The First Committee Meeting of the World Society for Virology | The World Society for Virology (WSV) was founded and incorporated as a nonprofit organization in the United States in 2017. WSV seeks to strengthen and support both virological research and virologists who conduct research of viruses that affect humans, other animals, plants, and other organisms. One of the objectives ... |
Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Conjugate Vaccine Era | Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains one of the most common serious infections encountered among children worldwide. In this review, we highlight important literature and recent scientific discoveries that have contributed to our current understanding of pediatric CAP. We review the current epidemiology of childh... |
The Psychological Causes of Panic Buying Following a Health Crisis | Attributed to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, panic buying is now a frequent occurrence in many countries, leading to stockouts and supply chain disruptions. Consequently, it has received much attention from academics and the retail industry. The aim of this study is to review, identify, and synthesise the psychological ... |
SARS-CoV-2 and Cardiovascular Complications: from Molecular Mechanisms to Pharmaceutical Management | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is a pandemic public health emergency of global concern. Other than the profound severe pulmonary damage, SARS-CoV-2 infection also leads to a series of cardiovascular abnormalities, including my... |
Efficacy and safety of antibiotic agents in children with COVID-19: a rapid review. | Background The aim of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antibiotic agents in children with COVID-19, as well as to introduce the present situation of antibiotics use and bacterial coinfections in COVID-19 patients. Methods We searched Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, Wanfang ... |
Staging Science: Authoritativeness and Fragility of Models and Measurement in the COVID‐19 Crisis | In the COVID‐19 crisis, society pins its hopes on science to play an authoritative role in reducing uncertainty and ambiguity. But is science up to the task? This is far from self‐evident. The demands on science in times of crisis run counter to the values of good, normal science. Crisis science needs to be fast, univo... |
Interferon-α2b Treatment for COVID-19 | The global pandemic of COVID-19 cases caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 is ongoing, with no approved antiviral intervention. We describe here the effects of treatment with interferon (IFN)-α2b in a cohort of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Wuhan, China. In this uncontrolled, exploratory study, 77 adults hospitalized with... |
Public Health Interventions and SARS Spread, 2003 | The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was contained largely through traditional public health interventions, such as finding and isolating case-patients, quarantining close contacts, and enhanced infection control. The independent effectiveness of measures to "increase social distance" and weari... |
Multicentre Italian study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents, preliminary data as at 10 April 2020 | Data on features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children and adolescents are scarce. We report preliminary results of an Italian multicentre study comprising 168 laboratory-confirmed paediatric cases (median: 2.3 years, range: 1 day–17.7 years, 55.9% males), of which 67.9% were hospi... |
Supply chain contagion and the role of industrial policy | The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a major disruption in global value chains (GVCs) that pushed the global economy into a recession that promises to be worse than the 2008 crisis. This article illustrates the mechanisms through which the COVID-19 pandemic affected GVCs in the context of a changing configuration of the glo... |
Outbreak analysis with a logistic growth model shows COVID-19 suppression dynamics in China | China reported a major outbreak of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, from mid-January till mid-March 2020. We review the epidemic virus growth and decline curves in China using a phenomenological logistic growth model to summarize the outbreak dynamics using three parameters that characterize the epidemic’s timing, rate ... |
Shielding and Beyond: The Roles of Glycans in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein | The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 7,000,000 infections and 400,000 deaths worldwide to date. Antibody development efforts mainly revolve around the extensively glycosylated SARSCoV-2 spike (S) protein, which mediates the host c... |
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Current Therapeutic Options and Potential Targets for Novel Therapies | No specific antivirals are currently available for two emerging infectious diseases, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). A literature search covering pathogenesis, clinical features and therapeutics, clinically developed drugs for repurposing and novel drug targets was ... |
Changes in clinical and laboratory features of Kawasaki disease noted over time in Daejeon, Korea | BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) becomes one of the common diseases in Korea. Changes in clinical features and laboratory findings of KD were evaluated over a period of 10 years. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of KD patients and compared the clinical and laboratory features of two KD patient groups: those ad... |
Impact of cardiovascular disease and cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has produced a significant health burden worldwide, especially in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of underlying cardiovascular comorbidities and acute cardiac injury on in-hospital mo... |
The "influenza vaccine" – benefit, risk, costs | More than 20 million people died during the pandemic 'flu season 1918/1919, the largest influenza pandemic of the 20th century. Since then, influenza A virus infections have been known as a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in the whole world population. Although specific and effective antiviral therapeutics (ne... |
Resilience resistance: The challenges and implications of urban resilience implementation | Growing concern about major threats, including climate change, environmental disasters, and other hazards, is matched with the increased interest and appeal of the concept of urban resilience. Much scholarly attention has focused on how to define urban resilience, in addition to raising questions about its applicabilit... |
Reducing the Impact of the Next Influenza Pandemic Using Household-Based Public Health Interventions | BACKGROUND: The outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza in domestic poultry and wild birds has caused global concern over the possible evolution of a novel human strain [1]. If such a strain emerges, and is not controlled at source [2,3], a pandemic is likely to result. Health policy in most countries will then be... |
Emergency department personal protective equipment requirements following out‐of‐hospital chemical biological or radiological events in Australasia | Recent events have led to a revision in ED equipment, preparedness and training for disasters. However, clinicians must still decide when, and what level of personal protection is required when a toxic threat exists. If possible, clear, simple and achievable protocols are required in such situations. Following an off‐s... |
Clinical translation of RNAi-based treatments for respiratory diseases | The ability to harness the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism as a potential potent therapeutic has attracted great interest from academia and industry. Numerous preclinical and recent clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of RNAi triggers such as synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA). Chemical modificat... |
A COVID-19 Risk Assessment for the US Labor Force | The consequences of COVID-19 infection varies substantially based on individual social risk factors and predisposing health conditions. Understanding this variability may be critical for targeting COVID-19 control measures, resources and policies, including efforts to return people back to the workplace. We compiled in... |
Detection of novel ferret coronaviruses and evidence of recombination among ferret coronaviruses | In an epidemiological study of ferret coronaviruses (FRCoVs), novel FRCoV strains (Saitama-1 and Aichi-1) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequence analysis of partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these strains be... |
An Effective CTL Peptide Vaccine for Ebola Zaire Based on Survivors’ CD8+ Targeting of a Particular Nucleocapsid Protein Epitope with Potential Implications for COVID-19 Vaccine Design | The 2013-2016 West Africa EBOV epidemic was the biggest EBOV outbreak to date. An analysis of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity in 30 survivors showed that 26 of those individuals had a CD8+ response to at least one EBOV protein. The dominant response (25/26 subjects) was specific to the EBOV nucleocapsid protein (NP... |
Role of the Toll Like Receptor (TLR) Radical Cycle in Chronic Inflammation: Possible Treatments Targeting the TLR4 Pathway | Activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex, a receptor of the innate immune system, may underpin the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including asthma, cardiovascular disorder, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, au... |
First evidence of host range expansion in virophages and its potential impact on giant viruses and host cells | Virophages are satellite-like double stranded DNA viruses whose replication requires the presence of two biological entities, a giant virus and a protist. In this report, we present the first evidence of host range expansion in a virophage. We demonstrated that the Guarani virophage was able to spontaneously expand its... |
A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough | Abstract It is hard to overemphasize the role that metagenomics has had on our recent understanding of RNA virus diversity. Metagenomics in the 21st century has brought with it an explosion in the number of RNA virus species, genera, and families far exceeding that following the discovery of the microscope in the 18th ... |
Porcine Deltacoronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Suppressed IFN-β Production by Interfering Porcine RIG-I dsRNA-Binding and K63-Linked Polyubiquitination | Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly detected porcine coronavirus causing serious vomiting and diarrhea in piglets, especially newborn piglets. There has been an outbreak of PDCoV in worldwide since 2014, causing significant economic losses in the pig industry. The interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response is... |
Troponin I, a risk factor indicating more severe pneumonia among patients with novel coronavirus infected pneumonia | BACKGROUND: In December 2019, a novel communicable disease, novel coronavirus infected pneumonia (NCIP) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) broke out. We aimed to analyze the characteristics and severity of patients with myocardial damage in NCIP. METHODS: We enrolled 215 adult patien... |
Les virus des eaux usées et leur élimination au cours des traitements des effluents pollués | Abstract Viruses are a biological pollution in wastewaters. Their elimination results from treatment processes of polluted effluents in the sewage treatment plant or in the lagooning pilot plant. Bacteriophages are regarded as viruses models and as indicators of faecal contamination. In an expiremental study, two pilot... |
Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity Consideration in the Treatment of COVID-19 | The proposed doses of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for treatment of COVID-19 (1000 mg/day for 10 days, CQ; 800 mg first day then 400 mg/day for 5 days, HCQ) in many guidelines worldwide, are considerably higher than the maximum recommended daily safe doses of both agents (≤2.3 mg/kg/day, CQ; ≤5.0 mg/kg... |
Comparative Pathogenesis and Systems Biology for Biodefense Virus Vaccine Development | Developing vaccines to biothreat agents presents a number of challenges for discovery, preclinical development, and licensure. The need for high containment to work with live agents limits the amount and types of research that can be done using complete pathogens, and small markets reduce potential returns for industry... |
MERS–Related Betacoronavirus in Vespertilio superans Bats, China | |
A rare Cryptosporidium parvum genotype associated with infection of lambs and zoonotic transmission in Italy | An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in a mixed sheep/cattle farm of Central Italy in October 2011. A total of 450 ovines (250 sheep and 200 lambs) and 140 bovines (130 cows and 10 calves) were housed in two separated units, at the time of the outbreak. About half of the lambs had diarrhea due to Cryptosporidium s... |
Enterovirus type 71 2A protease functions as a transcriptional activator in yeast | Enterovirus type 71 (EV71) 2A protease exhibited strong transcriptional activity in yeast cells. The transcriptional activity of 2A protease was independent of its protease activity. EV71 2A protease retained its transcriptional activity after truncation of 40 amino acids at the N-terminus but lost this activity after ... |
Scientific and Standardization Committee Communication: Clinical Guidance on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID‐19 | The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, as declared by the World Health Organization, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2). Cardiovascular disease and, in particular, venous thromboembolism (VTE) has emerged as an important consideration in the management of ho... |
Designing Graduate Training Programs in Conservation Medicine—Producing the Right Professionals with the Right Tools | New challenges to human, animal, and ecosystem health demand novel solutions: New diseases are emerging from new configurations of humans, their domestic animals and wildlife; new pressures on once robust and resilient ecosystems are compromising their integrity; synthetic compounds and engineered organisms, new to the... |
Addressing a National Crisis: The Spine Hospital and Department's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City | In a very brief period, the COVID-19 pandemic has swept across the planet leaving governments, societies and healthcare systems unprepared and under-resourced. New York City now represents the global viral epicenter with roughly one third of all mortalities in the United States. To date, our hospital has treated thousa... |
Assessing the relationship between ground levels of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with coronavirus (COVID-19) in Milan, Italy | Abstract This paper investigates the correlation between the high level of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection accelerated transmission and lethality, and surface air pollution in Milan metropolitan area, Lombardy region in Italy. For January–April 2020 period, time series of daily average inhalable gaseous pollutants ozo... |
Grand Challenges in Migration Biology | Billions of animals migrate each year. To successfully reach their destination, migrants must have evolved an appropriate genetic program and suitable developmental, morphological, physiological, biomechanical, behavioral, and life-history traits. Moreover, they must interact successfully with biotic and abiotic factor... |
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in Giant Pandas, China | We confirmed infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in giant pandas in China during 2009 by using virus isolation and serologic analysis methods. This finding extends the host range of influenza viruses and indicates a need for increased surveillance for and control of influenza viruses among giant pandas. |
Periurban outbreaks of bovine calf scours in Northern India caused by Cryptosporidium in association with other enteropathogens | Bovine calf scours reported to be caused by multiple aetiologies resulting in heavy mortality in unweaned calves and huge economic loss to the dairy farmers. Among these, cryptosporidiosis is an emerging waterborne zoonoses and one of the important causes of neonatal calf diarrhoea. Poor immune response coupled with pr... |
The utility of ultrasound extends beyond interstitial pneumonia assessment in COVID-19 patients | |
Aerosol Generating Procedures and Risk of Transmission of Acute Respiratory Infections to Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review | Aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) may expose health care workers (HCWs) to pathogens causing acute respiratory infections (ARIs), but the risk of transmission of ARIs from AGPs is not fully known. We sought to determine the clinical evidence for the risk of transmission of ARIs to HCWs caring for patients undergoing... |
First molecular characterization of Sarcocystis neurona causing meningoencephalitis in a domestic cat in Brazil | Sarcocystis neurona is the main agent associated with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Apart from horses, S. neurona has been occasionally described causing neurologic disease in several other terrestrial animals as well as mortality in marine mammals. Herein, we describe the clinical, pathological, and molecu... |
Pregnancy hypertension diagnosis and care in COVID‐19 era and beyond | |
Distinct Lineages of Feline Parvovirus Associated with Epizootic Outbreaks in Australia, New Zealand and the United Arab Emirates | Feline panleukopenia (FPL), a frequently fatal disease of cats, is caused by feline parvovirus (FPV) or canine parvovirus (CPV). We investigated simultaneous outbreaks of FPL between 2014 and 2018 in Australia, New Zealand and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) where FPL outbreaks had not been reported for several decades.... |
Consensus Summary Report for CEPI/BC March 12-13, 2020 Meeting: Assessment of Risk of Disease Enhancement with COVID-19 Vaccines | A novel coronavirus (CoV), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China and has since spread as a global pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are thus urgently needed to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease a... |
Association of hepatitis B virus mutations in basal core promoter and precore regions with severity of liver disease: an investigation of 793 Chinese patients with mild and severe chronic hepatitis B and acute-on-chronic liver failure | OBJECTIVE: To investigate the features of hepatitis B virus (HBV) basal core promoter/precore (BCP/PC) mutations and genotypes in a large number of mild/severe chronic hepatitis B (CHB-M/CHB-S), and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients and analyze the clinical implications of the virologic features. PATIENTS ... |
Anti-high mobility group box-1 monoclonal antibody treatment provides protection against influenza A virus (H1N1)-induced pneumonia in mice | INTRODUCTION: Provision for the emergence of an influenza pandemic is an urgent issue. The discovery of a novel anti-influenza therapeutic approach would increase the effectiveness of traditional virus-based strategies. This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effects of anti-high mobility group box-1 (HMG... |
The Unpreparedness of the Healthcare System for the Management of COVID-19 Pandemic Leading to the Mistreatment of the Elderly: A Newly Emerging Moral Dilemma | |
Baricitinib: A review of pharmacology, safety and emerging clinical experience in COVID‐19 | A hyperinflammatory response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, reminiscent of cytokine release syndrome, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ damage in patients with COVID‐19. Agents that inhibit components of the pro‐inflammatory cascade have garnered interest as potential... |
Cash concerns for Canadian scientists | Could programme cuts prompt a brain drain? |
Management and biosecurity practices on pig farms in the Western Highlands of Cameroon (Central Africa) | African swine fever (ASF), erysipelas and many other infectious and parasitic diseases have seriously compromised the future of pig industry in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Since implementation of biosecurity measures (BM) is known to reduce the risk of disease transmission, the objective of this study was to des... |
Seasonal Distribution Of Respiratory Viruses In Pediatric Asthma In Trinidad West Indies | |
Legume Lectins: Proteins with Diverse Applications | Lectins are a diverse class of proteins distributed extensively in nature. Among these proteins; legume lectins display a variety of interesting features including antimicrobial; insecticidal and antitumor activities. Because lectins recognize and bind to specific glycoconjugates present on the surface of cells and int... |
Alternative Methods of Vaccine Delivery: An Overview of Edible and Intradermal Vaccines | Vaccines are recognized worldwide as one of the most important tools for combating infectious diseases. Despite the tremendous value conferred by currently available vaccines toward public health, the implementation of additional vaccine platforms is also of key importance. In fact, currently available vaccines possess... |
Correlation between TGF‐β1 expression and proteomic profiling induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain‐like protease | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) papain‐like protease (PLpro), a deubiquitinating enzyme, demonstrates inactivation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 and NF‐κB, reduction of IFN induction, and suppression of type I IFN signaling pathway. This study investigates cytokine expression a... |
Mitteilungen der DVSE | |
Managing Burns During COVID-19 Outbreak | The coronavirus disease pandemic has affected our practice as healthcare professionals. As burn surgeons, we are obliged to provide the best possible care to our patients. However, due to the risk of viral transmission, the goal should be to provide safe care to our patients as well as ensure the safety of the whole te... |
Characterization of two novel ADP ribosylation factors from giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and their responses to WSSV challenge | ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) are small GTP-binding proteins that have an essential function in intracellular trafficking and organelle structure. To date, little information is available on the Arfs in the economically important giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and their relationship to viral infecti... |
COVID-19 in Yemen: a crisis within crises | Yemen is suffering deadly airstrikes and heavy bombardment since March 2015 which has created one of the most severe humanitarian crises worldwide. In this miserable situation, several communicable diseases have massively re-emerged including cholera, diarrhea, dengue, and measles, as a result of weapons used during th... |
Emergence From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and the Care of Chronic Pain: Guidance for the Interventionalist | BACKGROUND: The current Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to a significant disruption in the care of pain from chronic and subacute conditions. The impact of this cessation of pain treatment may have unintended consequences of increased pain, reduced function, increased reliance on opioid medications, and pot... |
Metagenomic analysis of viruses in toilet waste from long distance flights—A new procedure for global infectious disease surveillance | Human viral pathogens are a major public health threat. Reliable information that accurately describes and characterizes the global occurrence and transmission of human viruses is essential to support national and global priority setting, public health actions, and treatment decisions. However, large areas of the globe... |
Comment on “Colchicine may not be effective in COVID-19 infection; it may even be harmful?” | |
Heart Failure in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Where has all New York's congestion gone? | |
Modeling Type 1 Diabetes In Vitro Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells | Understanding the root causes of autoimmune diseases is hampered by the inability to access relevant human tissues and identify the time of disease onset. To examine the interaction of immune cells and their cellular targets in type 1 diabetes, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic endo... |
Cloning and characterization of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) IL-18 binding protein | Abstract The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an endangered species. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses by inducing IFN-γ. IL-18 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is an intrinsic inhibitor of IL-18 ... |
Antibiotic use for community-acquired pneumonia in neonates and children: WHO evidence review | Background Pneumonia is the most common cause of death in children worldwide, accounting for 15% of all deaths of children under 5 years of age. This review summarises the evidence for the empirical antibiotic treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in neonates and children and puts emphasis on publications since the... |
Development of a highly sensitive real-time nested RT-PCR assay in a single closed tube for detection of enterovirus 71 in hand, foot, and mouth disease | Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major causative agents of outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). A commercial TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR assay has been widely used for the differential detection of EV71 despite its relatively high cost and failure to detect samples with a low viral load (Ct value ... |
Is Network Clustering Detectable in Transmission Trees? | Networks are often used to model the contact processes that allow pathogens to spread between hosts but it remains unclear which models best describe these networks. One question is whether clustering in networks, roughly defined as the propensity for triangles to form, affects the dynamics of disease spread. We perfor... |
COVID-19 phenotypes: leading or misleading? | Comment to an Editorial where we invite the authors to express with clarity the risks they are referring to and how their argument is furthering the cause of patients and clinicians. |
Chapter 83 Clinical Aspects of Bronchial Reactivity and Cell–Virus Interaction | |
Death in 2000 ways | |
Altered distribution of mucosal NK cells during HIV infection | The human gut mucosa is a major site of HIV infection and infection-associated pathogenesis. Increasing evidence shows that natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in control of HIV infection but the mechanism(s) by which they mediate antiviral activity in the gut is unclear. Here we show two distinct subsets ... |
Time to abandon the hygiene hypothesis: new perspectives on allergic disease, the human microbiome, infectious disease prevention and the role of targeted hygiene | AIMS: To review the burden of allergic and infectious diseases and the evidence for a link to microbial exposure, the human microbiome and immune system, and to assess whether we could develop lifestyles which reconnect us with exposures which could reduce the risk of allergic disease while also protecting against infe... |
Cough and viruses in airways disease: Mechanisms | Abstract Acute cough is a major symptom of viral respiratory tract infection and causes excessive morbidity in human populations across the world. A wide variety of viruses play a role in the development of cough after acute infection and all of these manifest a similar clinical picture across different age groups. Des... |
COVID-19 in MS and NMOSD: A multicentric online national survey in Chile | |
Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus isolate-dependent host movement systems reveal two movement control determinants and the coat protein is the dominant | Abstract Little is known about how plant viruses of a single species exhibit different movement behavior in different host species. Two Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus (CymMV) isolates, M1 and M2, were studied. Both can infect Phalaenopsis orchids, but only M1 can systemically infect Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Protoplas... |
Effect of weaning status on animal performance and meat quality of Rubia Gallega calves | The effect of weaning calves at different ages (NW = not weaned, W5 = 5.5 months old and W2 = weaned after being born and then fed with natural Holstein Friesian milk until 2 months old), on animal performance and carcass and Longissimus thoracis muscle quality, was studied in 36 eight month-old Rubia Gallega calves. F... |
Public health initiatives from hospitalized patients with COVID-19, China | Abstract Background Since December 2019, when it first occurred in Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide via human-to-human transmission. We aimed to describe the epidemiological and demographic features of COVID-19 outside Wuhan. Methods A single-center case series of 136 conse... |
Urolithiasis due to Hereditary Xanthinuria Type II: A Long-term Follow-up report | |
Do Matrix Metalloproteases mediate the SARS-CoV-2-related damage to the Central Nervous System? | |
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: chest CT findings. | OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the chest CT findings in seven patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. CONCLUSION The most common CT finding in hospitalized patients with MERS-CoV infection is that of bilateral predominantly subpleural and basilar airspace ch... |
Sequence-independent characterization of viruses based on the pattern of viral small RNAs produced by the host | Virus surveillance in vector insects is potentially of great benefit to public health. Large-scale sequencing of small and long RNAs has previously been used to detect viruses, but without any formal comparison of different strategies. Furthermore, the identification of viral sequences largely depends on similarity sea... |
Rhinovirus and Innate Immune Function of Airway Epithelium | Airway epithelial cells, which lines the respiratory mucosa is in direct contact with the environment. Airway epithelial cells are the primary target for rhinovirus and other inhaled pathogens. In response to rhinovirus infection, airway epithelial cells mount both pro-inflammatory responses and antiviral innate immune... |
Viral infections associated with Kawasaki disease | Background/Purpose Kawasaki disease (KD) is a disease of unknown cause. To investigate the infectious etiology of Kawasaki disease, we initiated a prospective case-control study to investigate possible links between common viral infections and Kawasaki disease. Methods We enrolled 226 children with KD and 226 age- and ... |
Co-Circulation of the Rare CPV-2c with Unique Gln370Arg Substitution, New CPV-2b with Unique Thr440Ala Substitution, and New CPV-2a with High Prevalence and Variation in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China | To trace evolution of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2), a total of 201 stool samples were collected from dogs with diarrhea in Heilongjiang province of northeast China from May 2014 to April 2015. The presence of CPV-2 in the samples was determined by PCR amplification of the VP2 gene (568 bp) of CPV-2. The results revealed... |
Ribonuclease L mediates the cell-lethal phenotype of double-stranded RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 deficiency in a human cell line | ADAR1 isoforms are adenosine deaminases that edit and destabilize double-stranded RNA reducing its immunostimulatory activities. Mutation of ADAR1 leads to a severe neurodevelopmental and inflammatory disease of children, Aicardi-Goutiéres syndrome. In mice, Adar1 mutations are embryonic lethal but are rescued by mutat... |
Intrathecal Humoral Immunity to Encephalitic RNA Viruses | The nervous system is the target for acute encephalitic viral infections, as well as a reservoir for persisting viruses. Intrathecal antibody (Ab) synthesis is well documented in humans afflicted by infections associated with neurological complications, as well as the demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. This rev... |
Palliative Care Utilization among Patients with COVID-19 in an Underserved Population: A Single-Center Retrospective Study | BACKGROUND: As healthcare institutions mobilize resources to address the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, palliative care may potentially be underutilized. It is important to assess the use of palliative care in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a retrospective single center study of pati... |
Viral Metagenome Analysis to Guide Human Pathogen Monitoring in Environmental Samples | AIMS: The aim of this study was to develop and demonstrate an approach for describing the diversity of human pathogenic viruses in an environmentally isolated viral metagenome. METHODS AND RESULTS: In silico bioinformatic experiments were used to select an optimum annotation strategy for discovering human viruses in vi... |
Varicella‐like exanthem associated with COVID‐19 in an 8‐year‐old girl: A diagnostic clue? | It has been reported that the novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) may be associated with a papulovesicular skin eruption predominantly involving the trunk. We hereby present a case of COVID‐19–associated varicella‐like exanthem in an 8‐year‐old girl with mild systemic symptoms. |
A Sweet Spot for Molecular Diagnostics: Coupling Isothermal Amplification and Strand Exchange Circuits to Glucometers | Strand exchange nucleic acid circuitry can be used to transduce isothermal nucleic acid amplification products into signals that can be readable on an off-the-shelf glucometer. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is limited by the accumulation of non-specific products, but nucleic acid circuitry can be used t... |
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