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Shrinkage of Genome Size in a Plant RNA Virus upon Transfer of an Essential Viral Gene into the Host Genome | Nonretroviral integrated RNA viruses (NIRVs) are genes of nonretroviral RNA viruses found in the genomes of many eukaryotic organisms. NIRVs are thought to sometimes confer virus resistance, meaning that they could impact spread of the virus in the host population. However, a NIRV that is expressed may also impact the ... |
Chapter 12 Next generation agents (synthetic agents): Emerging threats and challenges in detection, protection, and decontamination | Abstract Biological weapons are highly contagious in nature, designed for warfare scenarios, and cause mass destruction by hammering the economic, environmental, and societal attributes of a country. Rapid advances in genetic engineering and synthetic biology have revolutionized the development of highly lethal and rel... |
Serological relation between calf diarrhea coronavirus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus | Neutralizing (NT) and hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies to calf diarrhea coronavirus (CDCV) and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus of swine (HEV) (strain 67 N) were detected in high proportions of normal adult cattle and pigs in Japan. Since comparison of NT and HI titers in the serum samples suggested ... |
Comparison of commercial lateral flow immunoassays and ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection | BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide since December 2019. Serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing are needed for detection of current or past infections. A wide range of commercial tests is available. However, most of them need to be validated. STUDY DESIGN: The aim was to compare a commercial I... |
Evaluation of relationship between Rotavirus and Coronavirus infections with calf diarrhea by capture ELISA | Rotavirus and Coronavirus are two main causes of severe diarrhea in human infants and many animal species worldwide. Calves up to 3 months old can be affected by these viruses. The importance of these viruses in cattle industry is due to substantial economic loss, treatment costs, and reduced growth rates in beef and d... |
Evolving Healthcare Delivery in Neurology During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic | |
Prevalence and characterization of asthma in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 | Abstract: Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises that patients with moderate-to-severe asthma belong to a high-risk group that is susceptible to severe COVID-19. However, the association between asthma and COVID-19 has not been well-established. Objective The primary objective was to determin... |
Technologies and Standardization in Research on Extracellular Vesicles | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer membrane-enclosed structures containing RNAs, proteins, lipids, metabolites, and other molecules, secreted by various cells into physiological fluids. EV-mediated transfer of biomolecules is a critical component of a variety of physiological and pathological process... |
COVID‐19 pandemic: University of Naples Federico II Dermatology's model of dermatology reorganization | |
Prevención del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave en la unidad de cuidados intensivos | |
Community Surveillance of Respiratory Viruses Among Families in the Utah Better Identification of Germs-Longitudinal Viral Epidemiology (BIG-LoVE) Study | Background. This study: (1) describes the viral etiology of respiratory illness by prospectively collecting weekly symptom diaries and nasal swabs from families for 1 year, (2) analyzed data by reported symptoms, virus, age, and family composition, and (3) evaluated the duration of virus detection. Methods. Twenty-six ... |
The role of extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 virus infection | Extracellular vesicles releasing from various types of cells contribute to intercellular communication via delivering bio-molecules like nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. Exosomes are 30–120 nm extracellular vesicles that participate in several pathological conditions. Virus-infected cells release... |
Can thrombotic events be a major concern in hepatocellular carcinoma patients under systemic treatment during SARS‐Cov‐2? | We read with interest the editorial by Sharma and Pinato on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the time of SARS-Cov-2 (1). The points raised by the authors will be of paramount importance to guide HCC groups worldwide. |
Characterization of haemagglutinin-esterase protein (HE) of murine corona virus DVIM by monoclonal antibodies | We analyzed the characteristics of seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against purified HE (hemagglutinin-esterase) glycoprotein of the murine coronavirus DVIM (diarrhea virus of infant mice). Immunocrossreaction of these mAbs with JHM and/or MHV-S suggest that antigenic epitopes of HE of DVIM are similar to thos... |
Shedding Light on the Effect of Natural Anti-Herpesvirus Alkaloids on SARS-CoV-2: A Treatment Option for COVID-19 | The whole world is currently facing an unseen enemy, called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is causing a global pandemic. This disease is caused by a novel single-stranded enveloped RNA virus, known as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although huge efforts are being made to p... |
CRISPR-mediated activation of endogenous BST-2/tetherin expression inhibits wild-type HIV-1 production | The CRISPR technology not only can knock out target genes by using the RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease but also can activate their expression when a nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) is employed. Using the latter function, we here show the effect of the CRISPR-mediated pinpoint activation of endogenous expression of BST-2 (also... |
COVID-19 and kidney transplantation: an Italian Survey and Consensus | Italy was the first Western country to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we report the results of a national survey on kidney transplantation activity in February and March 2020, and the results of a three-round Delphi consensus promoted by four scientific societies: the Italian Society of Organ Transplantation, the Ita... |
Ebola Virus Disease: Experience and Decision Making for the First Patients outside of Africa | David Stephens and colleagues describe their experience of treating patients with Ebola virus disease at Emory University in the United States. |
Organ Donation during the Covid-19 pandemic | Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic is a rapidly changing circumstance with dramatic policy changes and universal efforts to deal with the initial crisis and minimize its consequences To identify changes to organ donation and transplantation during this time, an anonymous web-based survey was distributed to 19 select organ ... |
New Adenovirus Groups in Western Palaearctic Bats | In the context of long-term screening for viruses on Western Palaearctic bats, we tested for the presence of adenovirus 1392 oropharyngeal swabs and 325 stool samples taken from 27 bat species. Adenoviruses were detected in 12 species of the Vespertilionidae and the Rhinolophidae families. Fifty positive respiratory an... |
Is asthma protective against COVID‐19? | |
Three Novel Prevention, Diagnostic and Treatment Options for COVID-19 Urgently Necessitating Controlled Randomized Trials | PURPOSE: Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infection with COVID-19 can result in silent transmission to large numbers of individuals, resulting in expansion of the pandemic with a global increase in morbidity and mortality. New ways of screening the general population for COVID-19 are urgently needed along with nov... |
Insights into laser safety considerations during COVID 19 pandemic | The World Health Organization has recently defined the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections as a pandemic. The infection, that may cause a potentially very severe respiratory disease, now called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has airborne transmission via droplets while less att... |
Whistleblowing and patient safety during COVID-19 | |
Are positive pressure ventilation lobby rooms effective for protective and source isolation? | High efficiency particulate air supplied to a positive-pressure ventilation lobby (PPVL) in isolation rooms offers the dual advantage of protective and source isolation. We demonstrate the in-use validity of PPVL-rooms for protective isolation of patients. Of the 48 PPVL-air samples investigated, Aspergillus fumigatus ... |
Critical adjustments and trauma surgery trends in adaptation to COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia | Malaysia has one of the highest numbers of COVID-19 infections within the Southeast Asian nations, which led to enforcements of drastic measures of Malaysian Movement Control Order” to curb disease transmission. The overwhelming increasing amount of infections has led to a major strain on healthcare services. This caus... |
Emergency Medicine’s COVID Future: facing the triple challenge after flattening the curve | |
Rapid relief of acute sore throat with AMC/DCBA throat lozenges: randomised controlled trial | Aim: As antibiotics are generally not recommended for the treatment of acute sore throat, the availability of clinically efficacious, over‐the‐counter (OTC) treatment alternatives is becoming increasingly important. This study was designed to determine the analgesic properties of amylmetacresol and 2,4‐dichlorobenzyl a... |
Reduced Fractionation in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Curative-intent Radiotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic | |
SARS virus: The beginning of the unraveling of a new coronavirus | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus caused a severe outbreak in several regions of the world in 2003. The virus is a novel coronavirus, which may have an origin in wild animals such as civet cats in southern China. Its genome structure, gene expression pattern and protein profiles are similar to those of oth... |
Serum iron level as a potential predictor of COVID-19 severity and mortality: a retrospective study | BACKGROUND: Various types of pulmonary diseases are associated with iron deficiency. However, information on iron status in COVID-19 is scarce. METHODS: This study included 50 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. The role of serum iron in predicting severity and mortality of COVID-19 was evaluated. RESULTS: T... |
Health care-associated infections – an overview | Health care-associated infections (HCAIs) are infections that occur while receiving health care, developed in a hospital or other health care facility that first appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission, or within 30 days after having received health care. Multiple studies indicate that the common types of adve... |
Universal SARS-CoV-2 testing on admission to Labor and Delivery: Low prevalence among asymptomatic obstetric patients | |
Extraction, Characterization, and Anticoagulant Activity of a Sulfated Polysaccharide from Bursatella leachii Viscera | [Image: see text] Bioactive compounds for drug discovery are increasingly extracted and purified from natural sources including marine organisms. Heparin is a therapeutic agent that has been used for several decades as an anticoagulant. However, heparin is known to cause many undesirable complications such as thrombocy... |
Models for facilitating access to patents on genetic inventions | The genetics community is increasingly concerned that patents might lead to restricted access to research and health care. We explore various measures that are designed to render patented genetic inventions accessible to further use in research, and to diagnosis and/or treatment. They include the often-recited research... |
The efficacy and tolerance of intranasal interferons: studies at the Common Cold Unit | Intranasal sprays of interferons (IFNs) given one day before and for three days after virus challenge can protect human volunteers from infection with rhinoviruses, corona virus, and influenza. Longer dosage of IFN gives rise to nasal symptoms and signs such as bloodstained nasal discharge. More effective IFNs and regi... |
Clinical value of the emergency department in screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 in China | 目 的: 通过对浙江大学医学院附属第一医院急诊科筛查出的 4 例新型冠状病毒肺炎 (新冠肺炎) 病例进行分析, 探讨急诊科在新冠肺炎精准筛查和诊断中的作用。 创新点: 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎的致病机制、 传播方式和临床特征; 总结急诊科医护人员的自身防护和诊断策略. 方 法: 回顾性分析我院急诊科筛查出的 4 例新型冠状病毒肺炎病例, 总结急诊科的临床价值. 结 论: 在新冠肺炎的筛查和诊断体系中, 中国急诊科发挥了不可替代的作用. 急诊科医护人员应充分做好自身防护, 对患者进行细致、 耐心、 谨慎地病史采集和全面的体格检查, 并关注患者的心理状态, 有效应用肺部计算机断层扫描 (CT)、 核酸检测等检测方法, 做好新冠肺炎筛查工作. |
Studying human lung infection in mice | Mice implanted with human lung tissue model pathogen infection and immune responses. |
Data-driven exploration of ‘spatial pattern-time process-driving forces’ associations of SARS epidemic in Beijing, China | BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was first reported in November 2002 in China, and spreads to about 30 countries over the next few months. While the characteristics of epidemic transmission are individually assessed, there are also important implicit associations between them. METHODS: A novel metho... |
Beliefs towards the COVID-19 pandemic among patients with emotional disorders in China | BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has given rise to fear and panic in the public. Although hospitals in China reduced outpatient visits and restricted inpatient admission to lower the risk of transmission of COVID-19, this has significantly affected patients in need of medical attention... |
Explanation for COVID‐19 infection neurological damage and reactivations | A new pathogenic virus, COVID-19, appeared in 2019, in Wuhan, China, typically causing fever, cough, diarrhea and fatigue and significant mortality (Mao, 2020). From mid-January to mid-February in 2020, 214 patients with both non-severe and severe COVID-19 infections confirmed by nucleic acid tests, were examined by a ... |
Legal and Ethical Implications of Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring for COVID-19 Surveillance | Scientists have observed that molecular markers for COVID-19 can be detected in wastewater of infected communities both during an outbreak and, in some cases, before the first case is confirmed. The CDC and other government entities are considering whether to add community surveillance through wastewater monitoring to ... |
Enzymatic activity characterization of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease by fluorescence resonance energy transfer technique | AIM: To characterize enzymatic activity of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) 3C-like protease (3CL(pro)) and its four site-directed mutants. METHODS: Based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) principle using 5-[(2′-aminoethyl)-amino] naphthelenesulfonic acid (EDANS) and 4-[[4-(... |
‘Masking the evidence’: perspectives of the COVID‐19 pandemic | The COVID‐19 pandemic presents a severe and acute public health emergency around the world. The event of the pandemic has seen an upsurge in the general public wearing of disposable surgical masks (DSM) and other types of face masks. The World Health Organisation of mask wearing has been widely debated in the press a(W... |
Comparable mRNA expression of inflammatory markers but lower claudin-1 mRNA levels in foreskin tissue of HSV-2 seropositive versus seronegative asymptomatic Kenyan young men | OBJECTIVES: Skin biopsies from local sites of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)-induced ulcers can show infiltrates of inflammatory cells several months after macroscopic healing. We hypothesise that foreskin tissue samples of asymptomatic HSV-2 seropositive men had remaining signs of inflammation at the molecular level. ... |
Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS‐CoV‐2 | From the beginning of 2002 and 2012, severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) crossed the species barriers to infect humans, causing thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths, respectively. Currently, a novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2), which has ... |
Epidemiology of Sarcoidosis | Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease in which lung involvement is common. Its incidence and prevalence have been extensively studied, but with contradictory results because of the lack of standard diagnostic criteria, variations in the methods for detecting cases, and the low sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic... |
Comparative genomic analysis of two emergent human adenovirus type 14 respiratory pathogen isolates in China reveals similar yet divergent genomes | Human adenovirus type 14 (HAdV-B14p) was originally identified as an acute respiratory disease (ARD) pathogen in The Netherlands in 1955. For approximately fifty years, few sporadic infections were observed. In 2005, HAdV-B14p1, a genomic variant, re-emerged and was associated with several large ARD outbreaks across th... |
GILT restricts the cellular entry mediated by the envelope glycoproteins of SARS-CoV, Ebola virus and Lassa fever virus | Interferons (IFNs) control viral infections by inducing expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that restrict distinct steps of viral replication. We report herein that gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT), a lysosome-associated ISG, restricts the infectious entry of selected enveloped RNA viru... |
Oxidative tissue injury in multiple sclerosis is only partly reflected in experimental disease models | Recent data suggest that oxidative injury may play an important role in demyelination and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared the extent of oxidative injury in MS lesions with that in experimental models driven by different inflammatory mechanisms. It was only in a model of coronavirus-induced dem... |
Epidemiology of HBoV1 infection and relationship with meteorological conditions in hospitalized pediatric patients with acute respiratory illness: a 7-year study in a subtropical region | BACKGROUND: Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is an important cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI), yet the epidemiology and effect of meteorological conditions on infection is not fully understood. To investigate the distribution of HBoV1 and determine the effect of meteorological conditions, hospitalized pediatric patien... |
Influence of Population Immunosuppression and Past Vaccination on Smallpox Reemergence | We built a SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered) model of smallpox transmission for New York, New York, USA, and Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, that accounted for age-specific population immunosuppression and residual vaccine immunity and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the effect these param... |
Differential cellular gene expression in duck trachea infected with a highly or low pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus | BACKGROUND: Avian influenza A (AI) viruses of subtypes H5 can cause serious disease outbreaks in poultry including panzootic due to H5N1 highly pathogenic (HP) viruses. These viruses are a threat not only for animal health but also public health due to their zoonotic potential. The domestic duck plays a major role in t... |
Establishment, Immortalisation and Characterisation of Pteropid Bat Cell Lines | BACKGROUND: Bats are the suspected natural reservoir hosts for a number of new and emerging zoonotic viruses including Nipah virus, Hendra virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Ebola virus. Since the discovery of SARS-like coronaviruses in Chinese horseshoe bats, attempts to isolate a SL-CoV from bat... |
Effects of Timely Control Intervention on the Spread of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection | OBJECTIVES: The 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in Korea caused major economic and social problems. The control intervention was conducted during the MERS-CoV outbreak in Korea immediately after the confirmation of the index case. This study investigates whether the early risk comm... |
Fake news : et si moustiques et tiques transmettaient le Covid-19 ? | |
COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, parthenogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics | At the time of writing this review, severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 2,355,853 patients and resulted in more than 164,656 deaths worldwide (as of 20 April 2020). This review highlights the preventive measures, available clinical therapies and the potential of vaccine d... |
Evolving geographic diversity in SARS-CoV2 and in silico analysis of replicating enzyme 3CL(pro) targeting repurposed drug candidates | BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been initiating pandemics since the beginning of the century. In December 2019, the world was hit again by a devastating SARS episode that has so far infected almost four million individuals worldwide, with over 200,000 fatalities having already occurred by mid-A... |
Rapid detection of reassortment of pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza virus | BACKGROUND: Influenza viruses can generate novel reassortants in co-infected cells. The global circulation and occasional introductions of pandemic H1N1/2009 virus in humans and in pigs, respectively, might provide opportunities for this virus to reassort with other influenza viruses. These possible reassortment events... |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: The species and its viruses – a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group | The present outbreak of lower respiratory tract infections, including respiratory distress syndrome, is the third spillover, in only two decades, of an animal coronavirus to humans resulting in a major epidemic. Here, the Coronavirus Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which is resp... |
Infecciones víricas | Resumen Los virus pueden causar enfermedad, tras superar las barreras protectoras naturales del organismo y evadir el control inmunológico, destruyendo células o desencadenando una respuesta inflamatoria e inmunitaria que puede causar daño al propio organismo. El desarrollo de la infección vírica está determinado por e... |
Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic | Although pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a prominent feature of COVID-19, clinicians must consider whether treatment for additional potential causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is appropriate. The cochairs of the recently released American Thoracic Society and Infectious... |
COVID-19: Let's not forget Africa! | |
A physicist's approach to COVID-19 transmission via expiratory droplets | In this paper, a physicist's approach is given to support the necessity to wear surgical masks during the COVID-19 pandemics; they have become compulsory in Eastern countries, while in Western countries they are still an optional. My thesis is supported and described on the basis of a physicist's model which studies th... |
Publication of COVID‐19 case reports: are we hurrying? | The global situation that has been established is worrying due to the pandemic of COVID‐19. In this context, the great majority of government entities have turned their attention even more to the importance of scientific research in solving health issues since public policies must be strongly based on science to perfor... |
Effects of Micronutrients or Conditional Amino Acids on COVID-19 Related Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review | Abstract Recent narrative reviews have described the potential efficacy of providing individuals infected with COVID-19 with additional micronutrients to reduce disease severity. While there are compelling reasons why providing additional micronutrients or conditional amino acids may affect COVID-19-related outcomes, e... |
The population genetics and evolutionary epidemiology of RNA viruses | RNA viruses are ubiquitous intracellular parasites that are responsible for many emerging diseases, including AIDS and SARS. Here, we discuss the principal mechanisms of RNA virus evolution and highlight areas where future research is required. The rapidity of sequence change in RNA viruses means that they are useful e... |
Decreased Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling, Interferon-Signature, and Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Gene Expression in Cord Blood of Term Low Birth Weight Human Newborns | BACKGROUND: Morbidity and mortality rates of low birth weight (LBW) newborns at term are higher than rates in normal birth weight (NBW) newborns. LBW newborns are at greater risk to acquire recurrent bacterial and viral infections during their first few weeks of life possibly as an outcome of compromised innate immune ... |
International COVID-19 palliative care guidance for nursing homes leaves key themes unaddressed | COVID-19 mortality disproportionally affects nursing homes, creating enormous pressures to deliver high-quality end-of-life care. Comprehensive palliative care should be an explicit part of both national and global COVID-19 response plans. Therefore, we aimed to identify, review and compare national and international C... |
Collective action and “social distancing” in COVID-19 responses | |
Sars-COV-2 in Romania – analysis of the first confirmed case and evolution of the pandemic in Romania in the first three months | |
Respiratory Virus Infections in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients | Highly immunocompromised pediatric and adult hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients frequently experience respiratory infections caused by viruses that are less virulent in immunocompetent individuals. Most of these infections, with the exception of rhinovirus as well as adenovirus and parainfluenza virus in tr... |
RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions in coronavirus replication and transcription | Coronavirus (CoV) RNA synthesis includes the replication of the viral genome, and the transcription of sgRNAs by a discontinuous mechanism. Both processes are regulated by RNA sequences such as the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), and the transcription regulating sequences (TRSs) of the leader (TRS-L) and those p... |
Guillain-Barré Syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection | Abstract We present a case of Guillain- Barré Syndrome (GBS) in a patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection. GBS in commonly encountered after an antecedent trigger, most commonly an infection. To date, only one case of GBS associated with this infection has been described. Clinicians should consider this entity since ... |
Why Are Lopinavir and Ritonavir Effective against the Newly Emerged Coronavirus 2019? Atomistic Insights into the Inhibitory Mechanisms | [Image: see text] Since the emergence of a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported from Wuhan, China, neither a specific vaccine nor an antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2 has become available. However, a combination of two HIV-1 ... |
Serological report of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection among cats in Northeastern China in 2012-02 and 2013-03 | BACKGROUND: Influenza A virus has a wide range of hosts. It has not only infected human, but also been reported interspecies transmission from humans to other animals, such as pigs, poultry, dogs and cats. However, prevalence of A (H1N1) pdm09 influenza virus infections in cats in northeastern China is unknown. Therefo... |
Do antibodies enhance the infection of cells by HIV? | |
The impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus on hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract infections in young children: Slovenia, 2006–2011 | BACKGROUND: Influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) are important viral pathogens in childhood. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to estimate the effect of influenza and RSV on excess hospitalizations for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) in children aged ≤5. METHODS: Retrospective, population‐based stud... |
Geographical distribution of complement receptor type 1 variants and their associated disease risk | BACKGROUND: Pathogens exert selective pressure which may lead to substantial changes in host immune responses. The human complement receptor type 1 (CR1) is an innate immune recognition glycoprotein that regulates the activation of the complement pathway and removes opsonized immune complexes. CR1 genetic variants in e... |
Life-Threatening Psoas Hematoma due to Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a COVID-19 Patient on Enoxaparin Treated With Arterial Embolization: A Case Report | Respiratory failure is presumptively caused by microvascular thrombosis in some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring therapeutic anticoagulation. Anticoagulation treatment may cause life-threatening bleeding complications such as retroperitoneal hemorrhage. To the best of our knowledge, we report... |
Internationale Soziale Arbeit neu denken: Zur Verschärfung Globaler Ungleichheit durch COVID-19 | Covid-19 hat sich über die ganze Welt ausbreitet und kann sie an den Rand eines ökonomischen und politischen Kollapses führen. Das Virus trifft zwar alle, doch mit Unterschieden. Die Krankheit wird zum einen die sozialen Probleme in den reichen Gesellschaften des Nordens verändern und auch vergrößern, doch insbesondere... |
Case fatality of SARS in mainland China and associated risk factors | Objective To analyse the case fatality ratio (CFR) and its risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in mainland China by using a comprehensive dataset of all probable cases. Methods The data of all probable SARS cases were derived from the Infectious Disease Reporting System of the Center of Diseases C... |
Evaluation of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR studies in Candida glabrata following azole treatment | BACKGROUND: The selection of stable and suitable reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is a crucial prerequisite for reliable gene expression analysis under different experimental conditions. The present study aimed to identify reference genes as internal controls for gene expression studies by RT-qP... |
Mathematical Analysis of Viral Replication Dynamics and Antiviral Treatment Strategies: From Basic Models to Age-Based Multi-Scale Modeling | Viral infectious diseases are a global health concern, as is evident by recent outbreaks of the middle east respiratory syndrome, Ebola virus disease, and re-emerging zika, dengue, and chikungunya fevers. Viral epidemics are a socio-economic burden that causes short- and long-term costs for disease diagnosis and treatm... |
Successful Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Endemic Neonatal Intensive Care Units—A 7-Year Campaign | BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most important nosocomial pathogens in the intensive care unit (ICU) worldwide, including Taiwan. Since 1997, our neonatal ICUs (NICUs) had become endemic for MRSA. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To control MRSA spread in our NICUs, we impleme... |
Genomic medicine and developing countries: creating a room of their own | The notion that developing countries must wait for the developed world to make advances in science and technology that they later import at great cost is being challenged. We have previously argued that developing countries can harness human genetic variation to benefit their populations and economies. Based on our emp... |
Post-translational glycosylation of coronavirus glycoprotein E1: inhibition by monensin. | The intracellular sites of biosynthesis of the structural proteins of murine hepatitis virus A59 have been analyzed using cell fractionation techniques. The nucleocapsid protein N is synthesized on free polysomes, whereas the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 are translated on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Glyc... |
Purkinje cell neuroaxonal dystrophy similar to nervous mutant mice phenotype in two sibling kittens | Three 4-month-old kittens from the same litter were presented, two of which were exhibiting cerebellar signs. Euthanasia was requested. No cerebellum atrophy was disclosed on necropsy. General cerebellar anatomy was normal, including the thickness of the cortical layers, myelination, and neurons of the deep cerebellar ... |
Comparison of drug abuse in Germany and China | Drug abuse has a long, but also different history in Germany and China. The Opium War largely influenced the history of China in 19th century; however, China was once recognized as a drug-free nation for 3 decades from the 1950s to the 1980s. Drug abuse has spread quickly since re-emerging as a national problem in Chin... |
Fatal Superimposed Bacterial Sepsis in a Healthy Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patient | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by the newly discovered coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The novel coronavirus first emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has led to a global pandemic. The virus mainly spreads through respirator... |
Recombinant Plant Engineering for Immunotherapeutic Production | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The requirement for large quantities of therapeutic proteins has fueled a great interest in the production of recombinant proteins in plant bioreactors. The vaccines and bio-therapeutic protein production in plants hold the promise of significantly lowering the cost of manufacturing life-saving drugs... |
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of samples from pediatric febrile illness in Tororo, Uganda | Febrile illness is a major burden in African children, and non-malarial causes of fever are uncertain. In this retrospective exploratory study, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to evaluate serum, nasopharyngeal, and stool specimens from 94 children (aged 2–54 months) with febrile illness admitted t... |
Interaction Between Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) and Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) From Dendritic Cells (DCs): Toward Better Engineering of VLPs | Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been shown to be strong activators of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) and their activation prompts the priming of immunity mediators based on B and T cells. The first step for the activation of DCs is the binding of VLPs to pattern recognit... |
Emergency Department Response to SARS, Taiwan | How emergency departments of different levels and types cope with a large-scale contagious infectious disease is unclear. We retrospectively analyzed the response of 100 emergency departments regarding use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and implementation of infection control measures (ICMs) during the severe a... |
Biological and Clinical Basis for Molecular Studies of Interferons | The cytokine family of interferons (IFNs) has multiple functions, including antiviral, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects and regulation of cell differentiation. The multiple functions of the IFN system are thought to be an innate defense against microbes and foreign substances. The IFN system consists first of ce... |
American Geriatrics Society Policy Brief: COVID‐19 and Nursing Homes | This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Society's (AGS's) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in nursing homes (NHs) and other long‐term care facilities (LTCFs). The AGS continues to review gui... |
The Edinburgh microbiology archive | |
Public Interest in Preventive Measures of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Associated With Timely Issuance of Statewide Stay-at-Home Orders | INTRODUCTION: One method of monitoring public preparedness is through measuring public interest in preventive measures. The objective of this study was to analyze public interest in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive measures and to identify variables associated with timely stay-at-home (SAH) orders iss... |
Evaluation on the Efficacy and Immunogenicity of Recombinant DNA Plasmids Expressing Spike Genes from Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus | Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PDEV) can cause severe diarrhea in pigs. Development of effective vaccines against TGEV and PEDV is one of important prevention measures. The spike (S) protein is the surface glycoprotein of TGEV and PEDV, which can induce specific ... |
Obesity and COVID-19: immune and metabolic derangement as a possible link to adverse clinical outcomes | Recent reports have shown a strong association between obesity and the severity of COVID-19 infection, even in the absence of other comorbidities. After infecting the host cells, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may cause a hyperinflammatory reaction through the excessive release of cytokine... |
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