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Treatable traits and therapeutic targets: Goals for systems biology in infectious disease | Abstract Among the many medical applications of systems biology, we contend that infectious disease is one of the most important and tractable targets. We take the view that the complexity of the immune system is an inevitable consequence of its evolution, and this complexity has frustrated reductionist efforts to deve... |
COVID-19 and ECMO: the interplay between coagulation and inflammation—a narrative review | Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has presently become a rapidly spreading and devastating global pandemic. Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) may serve as life-saving rescue therapy for refractory respiratory failure in the setting of acute respiratory ... |
Experimental infection in calves with a specific subtype of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 of bovine origin | BACKGROUND: In Sweden, a particular subtype of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157:H7, originally defined as being of phage type 4, and carrying two vtx(2 )genes, has been found to cause the majority of reported human infections during the past 15 years, including both sporadic cases and outbreaks. One... |
MAP-Kinase Regulated Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Activity Is Essential for Production of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected around 160 million individuals. Current therapies have limited efficacy and are fraught with side effects. To identify cellular HCV dependency factors, possible therapeutic targets, we manipulated signaling cascades with pathway-specific inhibitors. Using this approach we identified... |
B-cell restriction – an alternative piece to the puzzle | Effective vaccination is based on three critical aspects of the B-cell response towards infectious agents: (i) that B-cells can generate specific antibodies towards a vast molecular diversity of antigens; proteins, sugars, DNA and lipids. There seems to be no limit to the ability to raise antibodies to everything. (ii)... |
Taming COVID-19 by Regulation: An Opportunity for Self-Reflection | The COVID-19 outbreak is not the first nor last series of recent real or potential catastrophes - be they natural disasters, terrorist attacks or pandemics - that have taken by surprise governments, globalised firms and the citizenry. 1Yet, due to its near-unprecedented impact on the highly interconnected but vulnerabl... |
The association of lung ultrasound images with COVID‐19 infection in an emergency room cohort | Lung ultrasound could facilitate the triage of patients with suspected COVID‐19 infection admitted to the emergency room. We developed a predictive model for COVID‐19 diagnosis based on lung ultrasound and clinical features. We used ultrasound to image the lung bilaterally at two anterior sites, one and two hands below... |
Lung Ultrasound Can Influence the Clinical Treatment of Pregnant Women With COVID‐19 | Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an effective tool to detect and monitor patients infected with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The use of LUS on pregnant women is an emerging trend, considering its effectiveness during the outbreak. Eight pregnant women with a diagnosis of COVID‐19 confirmed by nasal/throat real‐time rev... |
Microbial diversity involved in the etiology of a bovine respiratory disease outbreak in a dairy calf rearing unit | The etiological agents involved in a bovine respiratory disease (BRD) outbreak were investigated in a dairy heifer calf rearing unit from southern Brazil. A battery of PCR assays was performed to detect the most common viruses and bacteria associated with BRD, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respirat... |
The ATP synthase subunit β (ATP5B) is an entry factor for the hepatitis E virus | Hepatitis E occurs sporadically and as outbreaks due to contamination of drinking water. The causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a hepatotropic non-enveloped RNA virus, which grows poorly in vitro. Consequently, many aspects of HEV biology are poorly characterized, including its cellular receptor and entry mech... |
Spatial pattern of genetic diversity and selection in the MHC class II DRB of three Neotropical bat species | BACKGROUND: Although bats are natural reservoirs of many pathogens, few studies have been conducted on the genetic variation and detection of selection in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. These genes are critical for resistance and susceptibility to diseases, and host–pathogen interactions are major determ... |
Genomic Characterization of a Circovirus Associated with Fatal Hemorrhagic Enteritis in Dog, Italy | Dog circovirus (DogCV) was identified in an outbreak of enteritis in pups in Italy. The disease was observed in 6 young dachshunds pups of a litter from a breeding kennel and caused the death of 2 dogs. Upon full-genome analysis, the virus detected in one of the dead pups (strain Bari/411–13) was closely related to Dog... |
Fecal Viral Concentration and Diarrhea in Norovirus Gastroenteritis | Fecal viral concentrations of 40 patients infected with norovirus genogroup GII.4 correlated with diarrhea duration and frequency of vomiting. Higher viral concentration and older age were independently associated with prolonged diarrhea (>4 days). These findings provide information on the pathogenesis and transmission... |
How many jobs can be done at home?() | Evaluating the economic impact of “social distancing” measures taken to arrest the spread of COVID-19 raises a fundamental question about the modern economy: how many jobs can be performed at home? We classify the feasibility of working at home for all occupations and merge this classification with occupational employm... |
Pituitary society guidance: pituitary disease management and patient care recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic—an international perspective | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the viral strain that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has presented healthcare systems around the world with an unprecedented challenge. In locations with significant rates of viral transmission, social distancing measures and en... |
An Experimental Model for Dilated Cardiomyopathy after Rabbit Coronavirus Infection | A rabbit model for coronavirus-induced dilated cardiomyopathy is described. Acute rabbit coronavirus infection results in virus-induced myocarditis and congestive heart failure. Of the survivors of rabbit coronavirus infection, 41% had increased heart weight and heart weight-to-body weight ratios, biventricular dilatio... |
Cytologic and molecular correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nasopharynx | Infection by SARS-CoV-2 commonly begins in the nasopharynx, and the cytologic and molecular correlates are not characterized. Fifty-eight cytologic preps (20 oral and 38 from the nasopharynx) were obtained from ten patients and analyzed in a blinded fashion for SARS-CoV-2 spike and envelope protein by immunohistochemis... |
Chapter 15 Proteomics of viruses | Publisher Summary Proteomics is a promising approach for the study of viruses allowing a better understanding of disease processes and the development of new biomarkers for diagnosis and early detection of disease, thus accelerating drug development. Viral proteomics has included the analysis of viral particles to dete... |
Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health | Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-l-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosin... |
COVID‐19 and Older Adults: What We Know | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a novel virus that causes COVID‐19 infection, has recently emerged and caused a deadly pandemic. Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality rate in older adults and those with comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovas... |
Using the prone position could help to combat the development of fast hypoxia in some patients with COVID‐19 | The world is facing an explosive COVID‐19 pandemic. Some cases rapidly develop deteriorating lung function, which causes deep hypoxaemia and requires urgent treatment. Many centres have started treating patients in the prone position, and oxygenation has improved considerably in some cases. Questions have been raised r... |
Beyond cells – The virome in the human holobiont | Viromics, or viral metagenomics, is a relatively new and burgeoning field of research that studies the complete collection of viruses forming part of the microbiota in any given niche. It has strong foundations rooted in over a century of discoveries in the field of virology and recent advances in molecular biology and... |
Liver disease and the renin–angiotensin system: Recent discoveries and clinical implications | The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of vascular resistance, sodium and water homeostasis and the response to tissue injury. Historically, angiotensin II (Ang II) was thought to be the primary effector peptide of this system. Ang II is produced predominantly by the effect of angiotensin converting enzy... |
Efficacy and safety of Reduqing granules in the treatment of common cold with wind-heat syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-controlled trial | Abstract Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of Reduqing granules in patients with common cold with wind-heat syndrome (CCWHS). Methods A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel, positive-controlled trial included 72 CCWHS patients was performed. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups, R... |
Evaluation of preparedness of healthcare student volunteers against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study | AIM: To assess the knowledge and attitude of senior medical, dental, nursing and pharmacy students toward Middle East respiratory syndrome-corona virus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a 21-item questionnaire was conducted for a 3-month period from November 2015–January 2... |
Patient factors that affect trust in physicians: a cross-sectional study | BACKGROUND: While trust in physicians has been rigorously investigated regarding its concept, measurement, and factors, the studies have mainly focused on the attributes of the physicians. This approach can lead to a limited understanding of trust in physicians as trust is based on the relationship, an interaction of b... |
Head-tracking as an interface device for image control in digital pathology: a comparative study | BACKGROUND: Inasmuch as the conventional mouse is not an ideal input device for digital pathology, the aim of this study was to evaluate alternative systems with the goal of identifying a natural user interface (NUI) for controlling whole slide images (WSI). DESIGN: Four pathologists evaluated three webcam-based, head-... |
Diabetes management and specific considerations for patients with diabetes during coronavirus diseases pandemic: A scoping review | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The global pandemic of coronavirus (COVID-19) affects almost all countries in the world, which potentially alter diabetes management. Many diabetes patients are experiencing barrier of care due to the policy related to COVID-19. This article aims to review the current evidence on diabetes managemen... |
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Regulation of SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease | Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a ubiquitously expressed protease that regulates diverse number of physiological functions. As a dipeptidase, it exerts its catalytic effects on proteins/peptides with proline, alanine, or serine in the penultimate (P1) amino acid residue from the amino terminus. The evidence to date su... |
The role of the orthopaedic surgeon in the COVID-19 era: cautions and perspectives | The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revolutionized global healthcare in an unprecedented way and with unimaginable repercussions. Resource reallocation, socioeconomic confinement and reorganization of production activities are current challenges being faced both at the national and internationa... |
Detecting amplicons of loop‐mediated isothermal amplification | Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays are used to detect diverse pathogens. Initially, LAMP amplicons were detected using electrophoresis; later, real‐time monitoring based on turbidity was developed to overcome the problem of contamination with environmental DNA. Recently, real‐time monitoring of fluore... |
Responding to COVID-19: how an academic infectious diseases division mobilized in Singapore | BACKGROUND: On January 30, COVID-19 was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern—a week after Singapore’s first imported case and 5 days before local transmission. The National University Hospital (NUH) is Singapore’s third largest hospital with 1200 beds, heavy clinical workloads, and major roles in... |
What do we know about COVID-19? A review article | OBJECTIVES: To bring summarized information about what has been published so far regarding Covid-19, facilitating the access to information and a better understanding of this pandemic, and to contribute to the medical community in the decision-making against this virus METHODS: This review article brings collected info... |
Workplace responses to COVID‐19 associated with mental health and work performance of employees in Japan | OBJECTIVES: The study investigated the links between workplace measures implemented in response to COVID‐19 with mental health and work performance of employees in Japan. METHODS: This was a cross‐sectional study of a sample from a cohort study of full‐time employees. Participants (n = 1448) completed an online self‐re... |
Hospital-Associated Outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: A Serologic, Epidemiologic, and Clinical Description | BACKGROUND: In April 2012, the Jordan Ministry of Health investigated an outbreak of lower respiratory illnesses at a hospital in Jordan; 2 fatal cases were retrospectively confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) to be the first detected cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome... |
Viruses causing lower respiratory symptoms in young children: findings from the ORChID birth cohort | INTRODUCTION: Viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs) cause substantial child morbidity. Sensitive molecular-based assays aid virus detection, but the clinical significance of positive tests remains uncertain as some viruses may be found in both acutely ill and healthy children. We describe disease-pathogen associati... |
Lytic HSV-1 infection induces the multifunctional transcription factor Early Growth Response-1 (EGR-1) in rabbit corneal cells | BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) infections can cause a number of diseases ranging from simple cold sores to dangerous keratitis and lethal encephalitis. The interaction between virus and host cells, critical for viral replication, is being extensively investigated by many laboratories. In this study, we... |
Aus Angst vor Corona nicht zum Arzt?: Drohende Versorgungskrise | Die grassierende Angst, sich beim Arztkontakt mit SARS-CoV-2 zu infizieren, ist per se ein Risikofaktor: Sie hält derzeit offenbar viele Menschen davon ab, sich bei akuten Beschwerden in einer Klinik oder Praxis vorzustellen. |
Co‐localization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 in the respiratory tract and lymphoid tissues of pigs and llamas | This study investigated the co‐localization of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) and its receptor dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) across respiratory and lymphoid organs of experimentally MERS‐CoV infected pigs and llamas. Also, scanning electron microscopy was perfo... |
Molecular epidemiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in China | Since early 2006, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been reemerging in immunized swine herds. Open reading frame 3 (ORF3) is the only accessory gene in the PEDV genome. The entire ORF3 genes of 12 PEDV field strains and one vaccine strain were sequenced. The ORF3 genes of Chinese PEDV field strains (excluding ... |
Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in British Columbia, Canada | BACKGROUND: The use of medicinal plants is an option for livestock farmers who are not allowed to use allopathic drugs under certified organic programs or cannot afford to use allopathic drugs for minor health problems of livestock. METHODS: In 2003 we conducted semi-structured interviews with 60 participants obtained ... |
Fatal Gastrointestinal Infection with ‘Flexispira rappini’‐Like Organisms in a Cat | A 4‐month‐old male British Blue cat with catarrhal to haemorrhagic enteritis showed massive colonization of the stomach, small intestine and caecum with spiral‐shaped bacilli. In the stomach, organisms were located in foveolae and gland lumina and within unaltered and degenerate epithelial cells. Inflammatory infiltrat... |
Predominant Bacteria Detected from the Middle Ear Fluid of Children Experiencing Otitis Media: A Systematic Review | BACKGROUND: Otitis media (OM) is amongst the most common childhood diseases and is associated with multiple microbial pathogens within the middle ear. Global and temporal monitoring of predominant bacterial pathogens is important to inform new treatment strategies, vaccine development and to monitor the impact of vacci... |
Surveillance, intelligence, and intuition: Knowing when to re‐engage in clinical operations | |
Biomarkers of lung‐related diseases: Current knowledge by proteomic approaches | The lung epithelial surface is one of the vital barriers or sensors in the body responding to the external atmosphere and thereby always subjecting to direct toxicological exposure, stress, stimulus, or infection. Due to its relatively higher sensitivity in response to toxicants, the use of lung epithelial cell culture... |
Addressing the Challenges and Opportunities of the Polio Endgame: Lessons for the Future | The Global Commission for the Certification of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis certified the eradication of type 2 poliovirus in September 2015, making type 2 poliovirus the first human pathogen to be eradicated since smallpox. The eradication of type 2 poliovirus, the absence of detection of type 3 poliovirus worldwi... |
Adapting STEMI care for the COVID‐19 pandemic: The case for low‐risk STEMI triage and early discharge | The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in the need for rapid assessment of resource utilization within our hospital systems. Specifically, the overwhelming need for intensive care unit (ICU) beds within epicenters of the pandemic has created a need for consideration as to how acute coronary syndrome cases, and specifica... |
G-quadruplex forming sequences in the genome of all known human viruses: a comprehensive guide | G-quadruplexes are non-canonical nucleic acid structures that control transcription, replication, and recombination in organisms. G-quadruplexes are present in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses. In the latter, mounting evidence indicates their key biological activity. Since data on viruses are scattered, we here pre... |
Point-of-care diagnostics for respiratory viral infections | Introduction: Successful treatment outcomes for viral respiratory tract infections presenting from primary health care to quaternary hospitals will only be achieved with rapid, sensitive and specific identification of pathogens to allow effective pathogen-specific antiviral therapy and infection control measures. Areas... |
Chapter 7 Patterns of Infection Unwanted Guests—Quick Visits and Extended Stays | Abstract The preceding chapters describe essential aspects of viral pathogenesis, including virus–cell interactions; viral spread within a host; and intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immune responses. This chapter extends the theme and addresses diverse patterns of viral infections that are determined by both the virus a... |
Deciphering the Biosynthetic Codes for the Potent Anti‐SARS‐CoV Cyclodepsipeptide Valinomycin in Streptomyces tsusimaensis ATCC 15141 | Valinomycin was recently reported to be the most potent agent against severe acute respiratory‐syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in infected Vero E6 cells. Aimed at generating analogues by metabolic engineering, the valinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster has been cloned from Streptomyces tsusimaensis ATCC 15141. Targeted ... |
Recombinant Infectious Bronchitis Viruses Expressing Chimeric Spike Glycoproteins Induce Partial Protective Immunity against Homologous Challenge despite Limited Replication In Vivo | Vaccination regimes against Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which are based on a single virus serotype, often induce insufficient levels of cross-protection against serotypes and two or more antigenically diverse vaccines are used in attempt to provide broader protection. Amino acid differences in the surface protei... |
Transcriptome analysis of PK-15 cells in innate immune response to porcine deltacoronavirus infection | Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerged swine enteropathogenic coronavirus affecting pigs of all ages and causing diarrhea problems. Research findings indicate that PDCoV has evolved strategies to escape innate immune response in host cells, but mechanism of PDCoV in innate immune modulation is not well und... |
Mechanisms by which angiotensin-receptor blockers increase ACE2 levels | |
Apolipoprotein D in Lipid Metabolism and Its Functional Implication in Atherosclerosis and Aging | Dyslipidemia is characterized by increased triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Such an atherogenic lipid profile often predisposes an at risk individual to coronary artery disease with incompletely understood mechanisms. Apolipoprotein D (apoD) is ... |
Insights and Ideas Garnered from Marine Metabolites for Development of Dual-Function Acetylcholinesterase and Amyloid-β Aggregation Inhibitors | Due to the diversity of biological activities that can be found in aquatic ecosystems, marine metabolites have been an active area of drug discovery for the last 30 years. Marine metabolites have been found to inhibit a number of enzymes important in the treatment of human disease. Here, we focus on marine metabolites ... |
Employee presenteeism and occupational acquisition of COVID‐19 | |
Eco-epidemiological assessment of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, January–February 2020 | Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 in China in early 2020 provides a rich data source for exploring the ecological determinants of this new infection, which may be of relevance as the pandemic develops. Objectives: Assessing the spread of the COVID-19 across China, in relation to associations between cases and ecolog... |
Global academic response to COVID‐19: Cross‐sectional study | This study explores the response to COVID‐19 from investigators, editors, and publishers and seeks to define challenges during the early stages of the pandemic. A cross‐sectional bibliometric review of COVID‐19 literature was undertaken between 1 November 2019 and 24 March 2020, along with a comparative review of Middl... |
First comprehensive computational analysis of functional consequences of TMPRSS2 SNPs in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 among different populations | Current SARS-CoV-2 pandemy mortality created the hypothesis that some populations may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. TMPRSS2 encodes a transmembrane serine protease which plays a crucial role in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TMPRSS2 might influence SARS-CoV2 entry into the cell. T... |
Sequence-specific detection of single-stranded DNA with a gold nanoparticle-protein nanopore approach | Fast, cheap and easy to use nucleic acids detection methods are crucial to mitigate adverse impacts caused by various pathogens, and are essential in forensic investigations, food safety monitoring or evolution of infectious diseases. We report here a method based on the α-hemolysin (α-HL) nanopore, working in conjunct... |
Chapter 2 Expanding the Concept of Public Health | Abstract Ancient societies recognized the needs of sanitation, food safety, workers’ health, and medical care to protect against disease and to promote well-being and civic prosperity. New energies and knowledge since the eighteenth century produced landmark discoveries such as prevention of scurvy and vaccination agai... |
Understanding SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children | A new multisystem inflammatory syndrome apparently related to infection with SARS-CoV-2 has recently been reported in older children (known as MIS-C), manifested by severe abdominal pain, cardiac dysfunction and shock. Here, I discuss the similarities and differences between MIS-C and Kawasaki disease, focusing on thei... |
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Plasma from Clinical Healthy Cows and Mastitic Cows | Abstract The current research presents the protein changes in plasma from healthy dairy cows and clinical mastitic cows using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). After staining with silver nitrate and Coomassie Blue, differential expression proteins were detected by PDQuest 7.4 software, and then subjected to i... |
Le nouveau Coronavirus Covid-19 : quels risques ophtalmiques ? | |
Annonce du diagnostic et accompagnement de fin de vie du COVID-19 en période de confinement au sein d’une unité gériatrique aiguë | Summary In late 2019, the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus emerged from the animal world and crossed to humans. The COVID-19 epidemic broke out in China and was declared a pandemic by WHO in March 2020. In France, hospitals in three regions experienced a massive influx of people with severe forms. COVID-specific units appeared. ... |
Classification of the Universe of Immune Epitope Literature: Representation and Knowledge Gaps | BACKGROUND: A significant fraction of the more than 18 million scientific articles currently indexed in the PubMed database are related to immune responses to various agents, including infectious microbes, autoantigens, allergens, transplants, cancer antigens and others. The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) is an online ... |
Infection in cancer and transplantation | Abstract The range of opportunist pathogens in cancer and transplant patients continues to increase. New treatment modalities and forms of immunosuppression following transplantation have improved survival from the underlying disease but can lead to prolonged immunosuppression and increased risk of infection. NICE guid... |
FOXO1-regulated lncRNA LINC01197 inhibits pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation by restraining Wnt/β-catenin signaling | BACKGROUND: Recent studies have revealed that numerous oncogenic long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression, but little is known about tumor-suppressive lncRNAs in PDAC. This study was conducted to evaluate the function of tumor-suppressive LINC01197 in PDAC... |
Characterization of microsatellite loci in fulvous fruit bat Rousettus leschenaulti | Rousettus leschenaulti is an abundant species in many countries of South‐East Asia, including south China. We isolated seven microsatellite loci in R. leschenaulti from genomic DNA enriched for CA repeats with the enriched library method. A total of 56 samples from a population in the Guangxi Province of China were tes... |
ADAR1 and PACT contribute to efficient translation of transcripts containing HIV-1 trans-activating response (TAR) element | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has evolved various measures to counter the host cell's innate antiviral response during the course of infection. Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene products are produced following HIV-1 infection to limit viral replication, but viral proteins and RNAs counteract their effect. ... |
Particularités épidémiologiques et prévention des infections nosocomiales virales | Résumé Objectifs Décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques des infections nosocomiales virales (INV) et les principes de leur prévention. Épidémiologie De nombreux facteurs concourent à une sous-évaluation des INV : l’intrication des infections communautaires et nosocomiales pour les viroses saisonnières, la durée ... |
Establishment of a nanoparticle-assisted RT-PCR assay to distinguish field strains and attenuated strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) can cause serious disease and even death in neonatal piglets, resulting in serious damage to the swine industry worldwide. Open reading frame 3 (ORF3) is the only accessory gene in the PEDV genome. Previous studies have indicated that PEDV vaccine strains have a partial deletion i... |
Vimentin Modulates Infectious Internalization of Human Papillomavirus 16 Pseudovirions | Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract, with virtually all cases of cervical cancer being attributable to infection by oncogenic HPVs. However, the exact mechanism and receptors used by HPV to infect epithelial cells are controversial. The current entry model s... |
Structural host-microbiota interaction networks | Hundreds of different species colonize multicellular organisms making them “metaorganisms”. A growing body of data supports the role of microbiota in health and in disease. Grasping the principles of host-microbiota interactions (HMIs) at the molecular level is important since it may provide insights into the mechanism... |
Risk factors for 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients progressing to critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Importance: With the rising number of COVID-19 cases, global health resources are strained by the pandemic. No proven effective therapies or vaccines for this virus are currently available. In order to maximize the use of limited medical resources, distinguishing between mild and severe patients as early as possible ha... |
The effects of natural disasters on international tourism: A global analysis | Tourism is shaped by a wide range of factors and forces, including exogenous ones that have no direct link with the tourism sector. Natural disasters and unexpected events are prime examples of such determining factors, as they have profound effects on individuals and society, and as a result have the potential to affe... |
Characteristics, risk factors and outcomes among the first consecutive 1096 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Kuwait | BACKGROUND: In Kuwait, prior to the first case of COVID-19 being reported in the country, mass screening of incoming travelers from countries with known outbreaks was performed and resulted in the first identified cases in the country. All COVID-19 cases at the time and subsequently after, were transferred to a single ... |
Modulation of the immune response by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus | Coronavirus (CoV) infections are commonly associated with respiratory and enteric disease in humans and animals. In 2012, a new human disease called Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) emerged in the Middle East. MERS was caused by a virus that was originally called human coronavirus‐Erasmus Medical Center/2012 but... |
Metagenomic analysis reveals clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection and bacterial or viral superinfection and colonization | BACKGROUND: More than two months separated the initial description of SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its widespread dissemination in the United States. Despite this lengthy interval, implementation of specific quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 tests in the US has been slow, and testing is still... |
Ethical Guidelines and Moral Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Trainees’ Perspective | |
Insertional protein engineering for analytical molecular sensing | The quantitative detection of low analyte concentrations in complex samples is becoming an urgent need in biomedical, food and environmental fields. Biosensors, being hybrid devices composed by a biological receptor and a signal transducer, represent valuable alternatives to non biological analytical instruments becaus... |
Approche québécoise de Santé publique face à la pandémie de COVID-19 | |
The ability of single genes vs full genomes to resolve time and space in outbreak analysis | BACKGROUND: Inexpensive pathogen genome sequencing has had a transformative effect on the field of phylodynamics, where ever increasing volumes of data have promised real-time insight into outbreaks of infectious disease. As well as the sheer volume of pathogen isolates being sequenced, the sequencing of whole pathogen... |
In reply to the letter to the editor "Tele(oral)medicine: A new approach during the COVID‐19 crisis" | We would like tocongratulate Villa et al fora recent published letter to the editor(Villa et al; 2020), emphasizing the use of tele(oral)medicine as an effective diagnostic tool(Estai et al, 2018),which could be usefulin the current time of crisis.The COVID‐19 pandemic, and the social isolation measures mandatedby heal... |
Genetic characterization of a new astrovirus detected in dogs suffering from diarrhoea | Abstract Astroviruses have been described in several animals species frequently associated with diarrhoea, especially in young animals. In dogs, astrovirus-like particles have been observed sporadically and very little is known about their epidemiology and characteristics. In this paper, we describe the detection of as... |
Clinical review: Influenza pandemic – physicians and their obligations | An influenza pandemic threatens to be the most lethal public health crisis to confront the world. Physicians will have critical roles in diagnosis, containment and treatment of influenza, and their commitment to treat despite increased personal risks is essential for a successful public health response. The obligations... |
Viral etiologies of influenza‐like illness and severe acute respiratory infections in Thailand | BACKGROUND: Information on the burden, characteristics and seasonality of non‐influenza respiratory viruses is limited in tropical countries. OBJECTIVES: Describe the epidemiology of selected non‐influenza respiratory viruses in Thailand between June 2010 and May 2014 using a sentinel surveillance platform established ... |
An Overview of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CL Protease Inhibitors: Peptidomimetics and Small Molecule Chemotherapy | [Image: see text] Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a newly emerged coronavirus that infected more than 8000 individuals and resulted in more than 800 (10–15%) fatalities in 2003. The causative agent of SARS has been identified as a novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and its viral protease, SARS-Co... |
Impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India: a cross-sectional study | Background and study aims Gastrointestinal endoscopy, being an aerosol-generating procedure, has the potential to transmit Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. Adequate knowledge is the key to prevention. A survey, perhaps the first, was conducted among Ind... |
Worse progression of COVID‐19 in men: Is Testosterone a key factor? | BACKGROUND: The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) disease 2019 (COVID‐19) seems to have a worse clinical course among infected men compared to women, thus, highlighting concerns about gender predisposition to serious prognosis. Therefore, androgens, particularly testosterone (T), could be... |
We Can’t Just Wash Our Hands: a Primary Care Physician’s Thoughts on COVID-19 and Her Community | |
Ethnoveterinary knowledge of farmers in bilingual regions of Switzerland – is there potential to extend veterinary options to reduce antimicrobial use? | ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In the pre-antibiotic era, a broad spectrum of medicinal plants was used to treat livestock. This knowledge was neglected in European veterinary medicine for decades but kept alive by farmers. Emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains requires a severely restricted use of antibi... |
Surge after the surge: Anticipating the increased volume and needs of patients with head and neck cancer after the peak in COVID‐19 | The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues to have extensive effects on public health as it spreads rapidly across the globe. Patients with head and neck cancer are a particularly susceptible population to these effects, and we expect there to be a potential surge in patients presenting with head ... |
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces EMT-like molecular changes, including ZEB1-mediated repression of the viral receptor ACE2, in lung cancer models | COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which enters host cells via the cell surface proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Using normal and malignant models and tissues from the aerodigestive and respiratory tracts, we investigated the expression and regulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We find that ACE2 expression is ... |
Chapter 16 Antiviral Evaluation of Herbal Drugs | Abstract The viral infection and resistance to the existing antiviral drugs are alarming, which is a serious public health concern. Medicinal plants are valuable resources for treatment of viral infections and can be used for the management of infections like herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HI... |
Detection of HIV cDNA Point Mutations with Rolling-Circle Amplification Arrays | In this paper we describe an isothermal rolling-circle amplification (RCA) protocol to detect gene point mutations on chips. The method is based on an allele-specific oligonucleotide circularization mediated by a special DNA ligase. The probe is circularized when perfect complementary sequences between the probe oligon... |
Wildlife Trade and Human Health in Lao PDR: An Assessment of the Zoonotic Disease Risk in Markets | Although the majority of emerging infectious diseases can be linked to wildlife sources, most pathogen spillover events to people could likely be avoided if transmission was better understood and practices adjusted to mitigate risk. Wildlife trade can facilitate zoonotic disease transmission and represents a threat to ... |
Cannabis et neurodéveloppement | Résumé Le développement cérébral est un phénomène complexe, qui s’étend de la vie fœtale à l’adolescence, pendant laquelle la maturation cérébrale suit une série d’événements ordonnés incluant des périodes critiques de plasticité. Le cerveau est particulièrement sensible à l’environnement pendant ces remaniements. Le s... |
Hepatitis C virus exploits cyclophilin A to evade PKR | Counteracting innate immunity is essential for successful viral replication. Host cyclophilins (Cyps) have been implicated in viral evasion of host antiviral responses, although the mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-opts the host protein CypA to aid evasion of antiviral respons... |
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