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PMID:19164 | Temperature dependence of the absorbance of alkaline solutions of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate--a potential source of error in the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity. | The absorbance of an alkaline solution of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate is a function of temperature. Quantitative evaluation of this phenomenon indicates that it (a) depends on the concentration of the compound and is independent of source, buffer concentration, and pH above 9.0; (b) is reversible; (c) is not a result of al... | Temperature dependence of the absorbance of alkaline solutions of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate--a potential source of error in the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity. The absorbance of an alkaline solution of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate is a function of temperature. Quantitative evaluation of this phenomenon indicates... | [
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PMID:19165 | Continuous-flow analysis for glucose, triglycerides, and ATP with immobilized enzymes in tubular form. | Small-bore ("Autozyme") tubes with immobilized enzymes at the inner wall have been developed and studied for application in the Technicon "SMAC" high-speed continuous-flow biochemical analyzer. Tubes coated with glucose oxidase (D-glucose:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4) have been prepared for the assay of glucose, w... | Continuous-flow analysis for glucose, triglycerides, and ATP with immobilized enzymes in tubular form. Small-bore ("Autozyme") tubes with immobilized enzymes at the inner wall have been developed and studied for application in the Technicon "SMAC" high-speed continuous-flow biochemical analyzer. Tubes coated with gluco... | [
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PMID:19166 | Creatine kinase: re-examination of optimum reaction conditions. | I have re-examined optimum reaction conditions for measurement of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2). The optimum pH is 6.45, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2''-nitrotriethanol acetate, 200 mmol/liter, is the buffer of choice. Thioglycerol, 20 mmol/liter, is superior for both in-assay reactivation and for storage stability ... | Creatine kinase: re-examination of optimum reaction conditions. I have re-examined optimum reaction conditions for measurement of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2). The optimum pH is 6.45, and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2',2''-nitrotriethanol acetate, 200 mmol/liter, is the buffer of choice. Thioglycerol, 20 mmol/liter, is su... | [
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PMID:19167 | pH and the activity of porphobilinogen synthase in human blood. | For determination of the activity of this enzyme (EC 4.2.1.24) in blood, pH dependency was evaluated by using whole blood and washed erythrocytes. The effects of assay methods, original and final pH, and use of sodium or potassium phosphate buffer were examined. The pattern of pH dependency differed for whole blood and... | pH and the activity of porphobilinogen synthase in human blood. For determination of the activity of this enzyme (EC 4.2.1.24) in blood, pH dependency was evaluated by using whole blood and washed erythrocytes. The effects of assay methods, original and final pH, and use of sodium or potassium phosphate buffer were exa... | [
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PMID:19168 | Evaluation of ampouled tonometered buffer solutions as a quality-control system for pH, pCO2, and pO2 measurement. | In response to the need for an adequate quality-control system for blood-pH and blood-gas analyzers, we investigated the practical application of ampouled phosphate-bicarbonate-chloride solutions tonometered with mixtures of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen. This system offers three discrete sets of pH, pCO2, AND P... | Evaluation of ampouled tonometered buffer solutions as a quality-control system for pH, pCO2, and pO2 measurement. In response to the need for an adequate quality-control system for blood-pH and blood-gas analyzers, we investigated the practical application of ampouled phosphate-bicarbonate-chloride solutions tonometer... | [
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PMID:19169 | Sensitive, optimized assay for serum AMP deaminase. | A sensitive, optimized assay for serum AMP deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) is presented, which is based on a colorimetric indophenol determination of ammonia liberated during the enzyme reaction. An average enzyme activity in serum of 2.7 U/liter (n = 36, range 0-6.2) for healthy adults was established. Both the enzyme and colo... | Sensitive, optimized assay for serum AMP deaminase. A sensitive, optimized assay for serum AMP deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) is presented, which is based on a colorimetric indophenol determination of ammonia liberated during the enzyme reaction. An average enzyme activity in serum of 2.7 U/liter (n = 36, range 0-6.2) for heal... | [
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PMID:19170 | Semiautomated spectrophotometry of total phospholipids in plasma. | A one-stage semiautomated method for estimating total phospholipids in plasma is reported. The phospholipids are extracted into aqueous ethanol, combined with a Lewis acid, and the change in pH is monitored colorimetrically. The method, compared with the acid digestion method of Gomori [J. Lab. Clin. Med. 27, 955 (1942... | Semiautomated spectrophotometry of total phospholipids in plasma. A one-stage semiautomated method for estimating total phospholipids in plasma is reported. The phospholipids are extracted into aqueous ethanol, combined with a Lewis acid, and the change in pH is monitored colorimetrically. The method, compared with the... | [
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PMID:19171 | Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric studies on urinary organic acids in a patient with congenital lactic acidosis due to pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency. | Detailed studies, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometric methods, of the urinary organic acids excreted by a patient with proven pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency are reported. In addition to the greatly-increased levels of lactate and pyruvate, marked elevation in the levels of 2-oxoglutaric, malic, and isoci... | Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric studies on urinary organic acids in a patient with congenital lactic acidosis due to pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency. Detailed studies, using gas chromatography and mass spectrometric methods, of the urinary organic acids excreted by a patient with proven pyruvate decarboxyl... | [
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PMID:19172 | A gel filament as an analytical tool: the testing of an affinity chromatographic, product-immobilizing linear gel for determination of enzymatic activity. | A new technique for quantitative analysis is proposed. An underfined volume of the test solution is exposed to a reagent in the form of a gel filament of capillary dimensions. The linear progress in the gel of the compound in question is followed with the aid of the coloured reaction products deposited along its path. ... | A gel filament as an analytical tool: the testing of an affinity chromatographic, product-immobilizing linear gel for determination of enzymatic activity. A new technique for quantitative analysis is proposed. An underfined volume of the test solution is exposed to a reagent in the form of a gel filament of capillary d... | [
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PMID:19173 | An automated continuous-monitoring procedure for the determination of acid phosphatase activity in serum. | The method of Hillmann, in which hydrolysis of alpha-naphthyl phosphate by acid phosphatase is coupled to the formation of an alpha-naphthol-Fast Red TR azo-compound, has been adapted for use with the LKB Produkter AB 8600 reaction rate analyzer. Factors which affect the reproducibility of the method are described and ... | An automated continuous-monitoring procedure for the determination of acid phosphatase activity in serum. The method of Hillmann, in which hydrolysis of alpha-naphthyl phosphate by acid phosphatase is coupled to the formation of an alpha-naphthol-Fast Red TR azo-compound, has been adapted for use with the LKB Produkter... | [
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PMID:19174 | A method for visual assessment of the performance of components in a continuous flow system. | When two reagents are mixed in a continuous flow system it is difficult to detect variations in their proportions in the individual liquid segments because such variations produce only small changes in the final colour intensity. A method is described whereby these differences in reagent proportion produce a different ... | A method for visual assessment of the performance of components in a continuous flow system. When two reagents are mixed in a continuous flow system it is difficult to detect variations in their proportions in the individual liquid segments because such variations produce only small changes in the final colour intensit... | [
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PMID:19175 | Calcium in bile and calcium salts in gallstones. | In gallbladder and common duct bile from patients undergoing cholecystectomy, usually because of gallstones, calcium was found to exist in at least 2 forms. Ultrafiltration showed some calcium was bound to substances with a molecular weight greater than 10 000, and the chief binding agent is likely to be the mixed mice... | Calcium in bile and calcium salts in gallstones. In gallbladder and common duct bile from patients undergoing cholecystectomy, usually because of gallstones, calcium was found to exist in at least 2 forms. Ultrafiltration showed some calcium was bound to substances with a molecular weight greater than 10 000, and the c... | [
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PMID:19176 | A method for enhancing the stability of thiol-containing enzymes immobilised on nylon. | The limited stability of immobilised enzymes is a major factor restricting their use in clinical chemistry. The immobilisation procedure described here affords a simple method of enhancing the stability of certain enzymes immobilised on nylon. Studies with alcohol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogen... | A method for enhancing the stability of thiol-containing enzymes immobilised on nylon. The limited stability of immobilised enzymes is a major factor restricting their use in clinical chemistry. The immobilisation procedure described here affords a simple method of enhancing the stability of certain enzymes immobilised... | [
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PMID:19177 | The activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the serum of multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. | 1. In the sera of 142 neurological patients, including 35 cases with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 20 normal controls the gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activity was determined. The result of this investigation was compared with the "combined hippuric acid test" formely often used in MS patients. 2. The MS patient... | The activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the serum of multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. 1. In the sera of 142 neurological patients, including 35 cases with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 20 normal controls the gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activity was determined. The result of this investi... | [
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PMID:19179 | Determination of enteropeptidase activity in human duodenal aspirates. | A sensitive procedure is described for the determination in duodenal aspirates of enteropeptidase activity based on the activation of trypsinogen and the estimation of trypsin formed with benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide. Using the recovery approach where a known amount of purified human enteropeptidase is diluted in du... | Determination of enteropeptidase activity in human duodenal aspirates. A sensitive procedure is described for the determination in duodenal aspirates of enteropeptidase activity based on the activation of trypsinogen and the estimation of trypsin formed with benzoyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide. Using the recovery approach ... | [
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PMID:19180 | Bile lysosomal enzymes: characteristics and pathological significance for various hepatobiliary disorders. | The activities of several glycosidases (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) were demonstrated in human bile. The enzyme activities are increased about 100 times after exclusion of bile salts and other small molecular compounds by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. The use of 4-methylumbellif... | Bile lysosomal enzymes: characteristics and pathological significance for various hepatobiliary disorders. The activities of several glycosidases (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) were demonstrated in human bile. The enzyme activities are increased about 100 times after exclusion of ... | [
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PMID:19181 | [Glycogen synthase activity in parodontal disease (author's transl)]. | A biochemical study of an enzyme participating in the synthesis of glycogen is presented, with particular regard to the fluctuations in the amounts of this polysaccharide in human gingival epithelium, during inflammation. The increase in the activity of UDPglucose : glycogen glucosyltransferase can be related to the ac... | [Glycogen synthase activity in parodontal disease (author's transl)]. A biochemical study of an enzyme participating in the synthesis of glycogen is presented, with particular regard to the fluctuations in the amounts of this polysaccharide in human gingival epithelium, during inflammation. The increase in the activity... | [
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PMID:19183 | Suitability of commercial enzyme control sera for the quality control of activity determinations of L-aspartate aminotransferase and L-alanine aminotransferase in human serum. | Details of a systematic approach to suitability testing of commercial control sera are given for substrate optimized L-aspartate aminotransferase and L-alanine aminotransferase methods at 37 degrees C. Their acceptability for control purposes of standardized methods depends on: (1) the range of control values in relati... | Suitability of commercial enzyme control sera for the quality control of activity determinations of L-aspartate aminotransferase and L-alanine aminotransferase in human serum. Details of a systematic approach to suitability testing of commercial control sera are given for substrate optimized L-aspartate aminotransferas... | [
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PMID:19184 | A sensitive fluorescence assay for the simultaneous and separate determination of arylsulphatases A and B. | A sensitive fluorometric assay utilizing 4-methylumbelliferyl sulphate has been developed for the simultaneous determination of arylsulphatases A and B from leucocytes, based on the differential effect of silver ions on the two enzymes. The procedure allows discrimination between normal cases and those with metachromat... | A sensitive fluorescence assay for the simultaneous and separate determination of arylsulphatases A and B. A sensitive fluorometric assay utilizing 4-methylumbelliferyl sulphate has been developed for the simultaneous determination of arylsulphatases A and B from leucocytes, based on the differential effect of silver i... | [
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PMID:19187 | Clinical consequences of polymorphic acetylation of basic drugs. | The clinical consequences (therapeutic and toxic) of drug acetylation polymorphism are reviewed for procainamide, hydralazine, phenelzine, isoniazid, and salicylazosulfapyridine. Genetic slow acetylators are more likely than rapid acetylators to experience the following adverse drug reactions: (1) earlier development o... | Clinical consequences of polymorphic acetylation of basic drugs. The clinical consequences (therapeutic and toxic) of drug acetylation polymorphism are reviewed for procainamide, hydralazine, phenelzine, isoniazid, and salicylazosulfapyridine. Genetic slow acetylators are more likely than rapid acetylators to experienc... | [
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PMID:19188 | Effect of antacids on absorption of clorazepate. | The effect of a magnesia and alumina antacid suspension on the absorption of clorazepate dipotassium was studied in 15 normal healthy adult subjects who ingested a 15-mg dose of clorazepate alone or with single or multiple doses of antacid. The results of this three-period randomized complete crossover study showed a t... | Effect of antacids on absorption of clorazepate. The effect of a magnesia and alumina antacid suspension on the absorption of clorazepate dipotassium was studied in 15 normal healthy adult subjects who ingested a 15-mg dose of clorazepate alone or with single or multiple doses of antacid. The results of this three-peri... | [
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PMID:19189 | Leukocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate in asthmatic children. Effects of adrenergic therapy. | Blood specimens for measurement of leukocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were obtained at weekly intervals from asthmatic children who were participating in a double-blind, crossover study to compare the effects of two adrenergic agents and a placebo. When patients were treated with the placebo, the basal meas... | Leukocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate in asthmatic children. Effects of adrenergic therapy. Blood specimens for measurement of leukocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were obtained at weekly intervals from asthmatic children who were participating in a double-blind, crossover study to compare the effects of t... | [
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PMID:19186 | Equine angiotensin converting enzyme: a zinc metalloenzyme. | 1. Angiotensin I converting enzyme from horse plasma has been extensively purified and shown to be homogeneous by disc-gel electrophoresis. 2. The metal ion involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme has been identified for the first time as zinc by atomic absorption spectrometry. 3. A number of other physicochem... | Equine angiotensin converting enzyme: a zinc metalloenzyme. 1. Angiotensin I converting enzyme from horse plasma has been extensively purified and shown to be homogeneous by disc-gel electrophoresis. 2. The metal ion involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme has been identified for the first time as zinc by atom... | [
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PMID:19191 | Evidence that 'inactive' renin is produced outside the kidney of the rat. | 1. Inactive renin, which can be converted into an active form by acidification to pH 3-3, represents 4-63% of the total renin in rat peripheral plasma. 2. No inactive component could be found in the blood-free venous effluent of the perfused rat kidney before and after stimulation with isoprenaline. 3. This suggests a ... | Evidence that 'inactive' renin is produced outside the kidney of the rat. 1. Inactive renin, which can be converted into an active form by acidification to pH 3-3, represents 4-63% of the total renin in rat peripheral plasma. 2. No inactive component could be found in the blood-free venous effluent of the perfused rat ... | [
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PMID:19200 | Studies of neurotransmitter release in the pathogenesis of hypertension. | Studies using a sensitive radioenzymatic assay for plasma noradrenaline suggest there is a selective overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in essential hypertension. Methodology which allows the study of local sympathetic turnover in CNS nuclei and peripheral blood vessels is described. This approach has been ... | Studies of neurotransmitter release in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Studies using a sensitive radioenzymatic assay for plasma noradrenaline suggest there is a selective overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in essential hypertension. Methodology which allows the study of local sympathetic turnover in CNS ... | [
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PMID:19202 | Hypothalamic action of adrenoreceptor blocking agents. | In cats anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, the posterior hypothalamus was superfused and electrically stimulated with a push-pull cannula. The pressor response to stimulation of this hypothalamic area was inhibited when the hypothalamus was superfused with drugs blocking either alpha-adrenoreceptors (piperoxan, t... | Hypothalamic action of adrenoreceptor blocking agents. In cats anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, the posterior hypothalamus was superfused and electrically stimulated with a push-pull cannula. The pressor response to stimulation of this hypothalamic area was inhibited when the hypothalamus was superfused with dr... | [
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PMID:19203 | Catecholamines, cyclic AMP and renin in two contrasting forms of essential hypertension. | Essential hypertension (EH) can be subdivided according to the sympathetic and renin activity into two contrasting forms: (1) borderline beta-hyperadrenergic renin hyperresponsive and (2) stable beta-hypoadrenergic renin hyporesponsive EH. These two forms probably represent two expreme poles in the spectrum of EH in wh... | Catecholamines, cyclic AMP and renin in two contrasting forms of essential hypertension. Essential hypertension (EH) can be subdivided according to the sympathetic and renin activity into two contrasting forms: (1) borderline beta-hyperadrenergic renin hyperresponsive and (2) stable beta-hypoadrenergic renin hyporespon... | [
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PMID:19206 | Suppression of reactions to certain cosmetics. | Reactions to hair dyes and bleaches may be "suppressed" with corticosteroids and antihistamines. Reactions to nail polish may be prevented by a "drying" or "polymerizing" technique. Sensitization to certain perfume ingredients may be inhibited by a "quenching" phenomenon. | Suppression of reactions to certain cosmetics. Reactions to hair dyes and bleaches may be "suppressed" with corticosteroids and antihistamines. Reactions to nail polish may be prevented by a "drying" or "polymerizing" technique. Sensitization to certain perfume ingredients may be inhibited by a "quenching" phenomenon. | [
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PMID:19208 | Arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the coronary artery. | The findings in a patient with an angiographically proven aneurysm of the coronary artery are described. The case is reviewed in the light of 115 similar cases reported in the literature. The patient had had numerous episodes of variant angina, a feature not previously described in coronary arterial aneurysms, which ma... | Arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the coronary artery. The findings in a patient with an angiographically proven aneurysm of the coronary artery are described. The case is reviewed in the light of 115 similar cases reported in the literature. The patient had had numerous episodes of variant angina, a feature not previously ... | [
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PMID:19205 | Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with tolmetin: a comparison with alclofenac. | A double-blind between-patient trial over 6 weeks to compare the effects of 1.6 g tolmetin daily with 4 g alclofenac daily was completed by 37 out of 44 out-patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Tolmetin proved as effective as alclofenac in relieving pain and in reducing both the articular index score and the number of i... | Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with tolmetin: a comparison with alclofenac. A double-blind between-patient trial over 6 weeks to compare the effects of 1.6 g tolmetin daily with 4 g alclofenac daily was completed by 37 out of 44 out-patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Tolmetin proved as effective as alclofenac in re... | [
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PMID:19211 | Metabolism and disposition of l-alpha-acetylmethadol in the rat. | The metabolism and disposition of the long-acting narcotic analygesic l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) were studied in the rat. 3H-LAAM was administered to male and female rats at doses of 5 mg/kg po and iv, and 10 mg/kg po. LAAM was rapidly absorbed and extensively metabolized. Five metabolites-noracetylmethadol, dinorac... | Metabolism and disposition of l-alpha-acetylmethadol in the rat. The metabolism and disposition of the long-acting narcotic analygesic l-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) were studied in the rat. 3H-LAAM was administered to male and female rats at doses of 5 mg/kg po and iv, and 10 mg/kg po. LAAM was rapidly absorbed and ext... | [
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PMID:19212 | The metabolism of p-methoxyamphetamine in dog and monkey. O-demethylation as a major route. | p-Hydroxyamphetamine (PHA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) have been isolated by gas-liquid chromatography (GC) as urinary metabolites of p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) in dogs and rhesus monkeys. The amounts of PMA excreted unchanged in the total 24-hr urine samples in dogs and monkeys were 26% and 3%, respectively, of t... | The metabolism of p-methoxyamphetamine in dog and monkey. O-demethylation as a major route. p-Hydroxyamphetamine (PHA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) have been isolated by gas-liquid chromatography (GC) as urinary metabolites of p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) in dogs and rhesus monkeys. The amounts of PMA excreted unchan... | [
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PMID:19213 | Determination of optically active thiopental, thiamylal, and their metabolites in human urine. | Methods involving solvent extraction and gas-liquid chromatography have been developed for quantitative determination of certain thiobarbiturates and their major metabolites in urine. The structures of the metabolites identified were confirmed by the use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and 13C-nuclear magnetic ... | Determination of optically active thiopental, thiamylal, and their metabolites in human urine. Methods involving solvent extraction and gas-liquid chromatography have been developed for quantitative determination of certain thiobarbiturates and their major metabolites in urine. The structures of the metabolites identif... | [
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PMID:19214 | The interrelationship between the metabolism of (S)-continine-N-oxide and (S)-cotinine. | The metabolism of (S)-cotinine-N-oxide was studied in the rabbit and the dog. The pattern of Koenig-positive substances in the urine of the animals suggested the presence of cotinine, demethylcotinine, hydroxycotinine, and allohydroxycotinine, compounds already previously identified as metabolites of (S)-cotinine and (... | The interrelationship between the metabolism of (S)-continine-N-oxide and (S)-cotinine. The metabolism of (S)-cotinine-N-oxide was studied in the rabbit and the dog. The pattern of Koenig-positive substances in the urine of the animals suggested the presence of cotinine, demethylcotinine, hydroxycotinine, and allohydro... | [
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PMID:19215 | The metabolism of styrene oxide in the isolated perfused rat liver. Identification and quantitation of major metabolites. | Isolated perfused rat livers rapidly metabolized 14C-styrene oxide. A large proportion of the administered radioactivity was excreted in the bile as a single compound that was identified as S-(1-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)glutathione by comparison with an authentic synthetic standard. The circulating perfusate was found to ... | The metabolism of styrene oxide in the isolated perfused rat liver. Identification and quantitation of major metabolites. Isolated perfused rat livers rapidly metabolized 14C-styrene oxide. A large proportion of the administered radioactivity was excreted in the bile as a single compound that was identified as S-(1-phe... | [
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PMID:19216 | Biliary excretion of iopanoate glucuronide by the rat. | Biliary excretion, plasma decay, and tissue distribution of 125I after a single intravenous dose (13 mumol/kg) of 125I-Iopanoate and 125I-iopanoate glucuronide were compared in control and phenobarbital-pretreated rats under either anesthesia. In control animals the plasma decay of iopanoate glucuronide following iopa... | Biliary excretion of iopanoate glucuronide by the rat. Biliary excretion, plasma decay, and tissue distribution of 125I after a single intravenous dose (13 mumol/kg) of 125I-Iopanoate and 125I-iopanoate glucuronide were compared in control and phenobarbital-pretreated rats under either anesthesia. In control animals t... | [
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PMID:19218 | A preliminary pharmacokinetic model for several chlorinated biphenyls in the rat. | A mathematical model is presented to describe the kinetics of distribution, metabolism, and excretion of 4-chloro-, 4,4'-dichloro-, 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachloro-, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in rats given an intravenols dose of 0.6 mg/kg. A modified flow-limited model simulates the penta- and hexachlorobiphenyl da... | A preliminary pharmacokinetic model for several chlorinated biphenyls in the rat. A mathematical model is presented to describe the kinetics of distribution, metabolism, and excretion of 4-chloro-, 4,4'-dichloro-, 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachloro-, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in rats given an intravenols dose of 0.6 m... | [
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PMID:19219 | Studies on the glucuronidation of 7-hydroxychlorpromazine in vitro. | The glucuronide of 7-hydroxychlorpromazine (CPOH), formed by incubation with hepatic microsomes and UDP-[U-14C]glucuronic acid, was isolated by extraction into 1-butanol at pH 1 and assayed by liquid scintillation counting. Although concentrations of CPOH greater than 3 X 10(-4) M stimulated its conjugation, the appare... | Studies on the glucuronidation of 7-hydroxychlorpromazine in vitro. The glucuronide of 7-hydroxychlorpromazine (CPOH), formed by incubation with hepatic microsomes and UDP-[U-14C]glucuronic acid, was isolated by extraction into 1-butanol at pH 1 and assayed by liquid scintillation counting. Although concentrations of C... | [
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PMID:19220 | Effect of experimental diabetes on drug metabolism in the rat. | The effect of experimental diabetes on hepatic drug metabolism was studied in male Holtzman rats. Treatment of animals with streptozotocin and 6-aminonicotinamide, both agents which produce an insulin-deficient animal, caused prolongation of hexobarbital sleeping times and inhibition of the rate of metabolism of both h... | Effect of experimental diabetes on drug metabolism in the rat. The effect of experimental diabetes on hepatic drug metabolism was studied in male Holtzman rats. Treatment of animals with streptozotocin and 6-aminonicotinamide, both agents which produce an insulin-deficient animal, caused prolongation of hexobarbital sl... | [
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PMID:19227 | [The effect of various front tooth filling materials on the in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans]. | While silicate cement inhibits bacterial growth, resin materials promote it immediately after mixing. Toxic tissue reactions may be induced by bacterial plaque accumulation. Our testing method complements existing in-vitro tests for recording chemo-toxic activities. | [The effect of various front tooth filling materials on the in vitro growth of Streptococcus mutans]. While silicate cement inhibits bacterial growth, resin materials promote it immediately after mixing. Toxic tissue reactions may be induced by bacterial plaque accumulation. Our testing method complements existing in-v... | [
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PMID:19228 | [Effect of beta-adrenergic blockaders on the uterine musculature of rats]. | The authors carried out a study on beta-adrenergic blockers Proprafnolol, Pindolol and Practolol, on an isolated uterus of a rat, obtained at various phases oestrus. The Beta-adrenergic blocker Pindolol manifested inhibiting effect on the spontaneous contractility of the uterus more marked after elevated level of gesta... | [Effect of beta-adrenergic blockaders on the uterine musculature of rats]. The authors carried out a study on beta-adrenergic blockers Proprafnolol, Pindolol and Practolol, on an isolated uterus of a rat, obtained at various phases oestrus. The Beta-adrenergic blocker Pindolol manifested inhibiting effect on the sponta... | [
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PMID:19229 | [EEG-restitution and brain metabolism during electroconvulsive treatment in relaxation (author's transl)]. | Blood-gas (pO2, pCO2) and pH-changes of venous (v.jugularis interna) and arterial (A.femoralis) blood samples, furthermore glucose utilization and lactate-, pyruvate-production of brain were investigated during electroconvulsive treatment in relaxation of 45 psychotic patients. The blood-gas values and substrate concen... | [EEG-restitution and brain metabolism during electroconvulsive treatment in relaxation (author's transl)]. Blood-gas (pO2, pCO2) and pH-changes of venous (v.jugularis interna) and arterial (A.femoralis) blood samples, furthermore glucose utilization and lactate-, pyruvate-production of brain were investigated during el... | [
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PMID:19230 | [Comparative study using double-blind method of sultopride and thioproperazine]. | This report includes a statistical analysis of the results of a double blind comparative study between sultopride and thioproperazine. Two rating scales were used: the standard B.P.R.S. and a simplified scale including 7 items: agitation--delusion--thought-disorganization--anxiety--aggressivity--hallucinations--autism.... | [Comparative study using double-blind method of sultopride and thioproperazine]. This report includes a statistical analysis of the results of a double blind comparative study between sultopride and thioproperazine. Two rating scales were used: the standard B.P.R.S. and a simplified scale including 7 items: agitation--... | [
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PMID:19231 | [A new psychotropic drug: carpipramine, intermediate compound between 2 therapeutic classes]. | An open clinical study was conducted with carpipramine in 100 hospitalized subjects presenting various mental disorders. The therapeutic results on symptoms were assessed both as a whole and with the help of a rating scale. Doses varied from 50 to 400 mg per day. Carpipramine seems to be particularly efficient on schiz... | [A new psychotropic drug: carpipramine, intermediate compound between 2 therapeutic classes]. An open clinical study was conducted with carpipramine in 100 hospitalized subjects presenting various mental disorders. The therapeutic results on symptoms were assessed both as a whole and with the help of a rating scale. Do... | [
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PMID:19232 | [Psychosensorial manifestations observed in psychotic patients treated with betamimetic drugs]. | We report four observations of women who had acute or subacute psychotic crisis and who were stabilized without any manifestation. In order to delay delivery these women received during pre-partum high doses of beta-mimetic drugs (isoxsuprine and salbutamol). Such a prescription seems to have been responsible of acute ... | [Psychosensorial manifestations observed in psychotic patients treated with betamimetic drugs]. We report four observations of women who had acute or subacute psychotic crisis and who were stabilized without any manifestation. In order to delay delivery these women received during pre-partum high doses of beta-mimetic ... | [
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PMID:19233 | Estradiol binding capacity in the cryptorchid rat testis. | Mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were made surgically cryptorchid at 47--50 days of age. Animals were sacrificed as controls and at 7, 14, and 21 days post-surgery. The testes were removed and utilized to determine the effects of cryptorchidism on tissue weight loss, histological changes, and cytoplasmic estradiol bindi... | Estradiol binding capacity in the cryptorchid rat testis. Mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were made surgically cryptorchid at 47--50 days of age. Animals were sacrificed as controls and at 7, 14, and 21 days post-surgery. The testes were removed and utilized to determine the effects of cryptorchidism on tissue weight l... | [
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PMID:19235 | Possible role of calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation in mediating neurotransmitter release and anticonvulsant action. | The results demonstrate that calcium and phenytoin have antagonistic actions on the net level of endogenous phosphorylation of specific rat brain proteins. These specific phosphoproteins were shown to be present in synaptosome preparations, and evidence is presented for the localization of these phosphoproteins within ... | Possible role of calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation in mediating neurotransmitter release and anticonvulsant action. The results demonstrate that calcium and phenytoin have antagonistic actions on the net level of endogenous phosphorylation of specific rat brain proteins. These specific phosphoproteins were show... | [
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PMID:19236 | gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase activity in newborn rat kidney brush border. | gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase, known to be localized in the proximal tubule cell brush border in the rat, is a membrane-bound enzyme which transfers the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione or its analogue gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide to an amino acid or dipeptide acceptor. Brush borders were isolated from the kidneys ... | gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase activity in newborn rat kidney brush border. gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase, known to be localized in the proximal tubule cell brush border in the rat, is a membrane-bound enzyme which transfers the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione or its analogue gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide to an amino... | [
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PMID:19237 | The optimum pH of renal adenosine triphosphatase and its variation with the type of ATP. | The in vitro optimum pH of renal (Na+, K+)-ATPase, assumed to be 7.8, depends on the type of ATP used. The accepted value is obtained with 'grade II' ATP but with purer ATP ('Sigma grade') it lies close to the intracellular pH in rat medulla and cortex (pH 7.0, 7.2). Values were identical in rats subjected to dietary p... | The optimum pH of renal adenosine triphosphatase and its variation with the type of ATP. The in vitro optimum pH of renal (Na+, K+)-ATPase, assumed to be 7.8, depends on the type of ATP used. The accepted value is obtained with 'grade II' ATP but with purer ATP ('Sigma grade') it lies close to the intracellular pH in r... | [
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PMID:19238 | Lack of hepatic enzymatic adaptation to low and high levels of dietary protein in the adult cat. | The activities of three urea cycle enzymes, several nitrogen catabolic, gluconeogenic, and lipogenic enzymes were measured in the liver of adult cats fed: a commercial kibble; a 17.5 or 70% protein purified diet, or starved for 5 days. Except for an increase in tyrosine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.5) after feeding the high ... | Lack of hepatic enzymatic adaptation to low and high levels of dietary protein in the adult cat. The activities of three urea cycle enzymes, several nitrogen catabolic, gluconeogenic, and lipogenic enzymes were measured in the liver of adult cats fed: a commercial kibble; a 17.5 or 70% protein purified diet, or starved... | [
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PMID:19240 | Dissociation of small-intestinal sucrase - isomaltase complex into enzymatically active subunits. | 1. The sucrase - isomaltase complex from rabbit small intestine dissociated into its subunits upon reaction with citraconic anhydride. They can recombine after deacylation under mild acidic conditions. 2. When citraconylated, the subunits could be separated and isolated in a catalytically active form. 3. The previously... | Dissociation of small-intestinal sucrase - isomaltase complex into enzymatically active subunits. 1. The sucrase - isomaltase complex from rabbit small intestine dissociated into its subunits upon reaction with citraconic anhydride. They can recombine after deacylation under mild acidic conditions. 2. When citraconylat... | [
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PMID:19242 | On the pH-dependence of the reaction of hemoglobin with carbon monoxide. | Flash-photolysis experiments were performed on solutions of carbonmonoxy hemoglobin (human Hb A) as function as pH. The fraction of fast reaction and the amount of photodissociation as produced by a given amount of light quanta has been analyzed in terms of the allosteric model of ligand binding by Monod, Wyman and Cha... | On the pH-dependence of the reaction of hemoglobin with carbon monoxide. Flash-photolysis experiments were performed on solutions of carbonmonoxy hemoglobin (human Hb A) as function as pH. The fraction of fast reaction and the amount of photodissociation as produced by a given amount of light quanta has been analyzed i... | [
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PMID:19243 | The role of an essential histidine residue of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. | 1. Inactivation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase for diethyl pyrocarbonate indicates that one histidine residue per enzyme subunit is necessary for enzymic activity. The inactivated enzyme regains its activity over a period of days. 2. Enzyme modified by diethyl pyrocarbonate can form the binary enzyme - NADH complex wit... | The role of an essential histidine residue of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. 1. Inactivation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase for diethyl pyrocarbonate indicates that one histidine residue per enzyme subunit is necessary for enzymic activity. The inactivated enzyme regains its activity over a period of days. 2. Enzyme modi... | [
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PMID:19244 | The effect of macromolecular polyanions on the functional properties of human hemoglobin. | The binding of dextran sulphate and heparin to human hemoglobin and their effect on the properties of gas transport have been investigated. Both dextran sulphate and heparin are strongly bound by oxy-hemoglobin as well as deoxyhemoglobin and the stoichiometry of the binding (polyanion/tetrameric hemoglobin) is less tha... | The effect of macromolecular polyanions on the functional properties of human hemoglobin. The binding of dextran sulphate and heparin to human hemoglobin and their effect on the properties of gas transport have been investigated. Both dextran sulphate and heparin are strongly bound by oxy-hemoglobin as well as deoxyhem... | [
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PMID:19247 | Nuclear-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopic studies of the amino groups of insulin. | The amino groups of insulin have been studied by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in insulin, zinc-free insulin and methylated insulin. By difference spectroscopy it is possible to follow the shift with pH of the epsilon-CH2 and delta-CH2 proton resonances of lysine-B29 in insulin. In methylated insul... | Nuclear-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopic studies of the amino groups of insulin. The amino groups of insulin have been studied by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in insulin, zinc-free insulin and methylated insulin. By difference spectroscopy it is possible to follow the shift with pH of the epsilon-... | [
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PMID:19249 | Bacteriorhodopsin-mediated photophosphorylation in Halobacterium halobium. | The rate of halobacterial photophosphorylation was found to be a linear function of light intensity over a wide range (between 1 and 20 mW/cm2). At higher light intensities (above 25 mW/cm2) the ATP-synthesizing system itself limits the maximal rate of photophosphorylation. The optimal external pH range for this type o... | Bacteriorhodopsin-mediated photophosphorylation in Halobacterium halobium. The rate of halobacterial photophosphorylation was found to be a linear function of light intensity over a wide range (between 1 and 20 mW/cm2). At higher light intensities (above 25 mW/cm2) the ATP-synthesizing system itself limits the maximal ... | [
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PMID:19250 | The effective proton conductance of the inner membrane of mitochondria from brown adipose tissue. Dependency on proton electrochemical potential gradient. | The nucleotide-sensitive H+ (OH-) conducting pathway of mitochondria from the brown-adipose tissue of cold-adapted guinea-pigs passes an effective proton current which is directly proportional to the proton electrochemical gradient. At 23 degrees C and pH 7.0 this conductance is 16 nmol H+ - min-1 - mg-1 - mV-1. Additi... | The effective proton conductance of the inner membrane of mitochondria from brown adipose tissue. Dependency on proton electrochemical potential gradient. The nucleotide-sensitive H+ (OH-) conducting pathway of mitochondria from the brown-adipose tissue of cold-adapted guinea-pigs passes an effective proton current whi... | [
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PMID:19253 | alpha-D-galactosidase from soybeans destroying blood-group B antigens. Purification by affinity chromatography and properties. | alpha-D-Galactosidase was isolated from untoasted soybean meal and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on N-epsilon-aminoacaproyl alpha-D-galactopyranosylamine-Sepharose. The purified enzyme destroyed the B-specificity of human ovarian cyst B-glycoprotein with an accompanying increase in H-specificity, a... | alpha-D-galactosidase from soybeans destroying blood-group B antigens. Purification by affinity chromatography and properties. alpha-D-Galactosidase was isolated from untoasted soybean meal and purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on N-epsilon-aminoacaproyl alpha-D-galactopyranosylamine-Sepharose. The pur... | [
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PMID:19254 | Ionization dependence of camphor binding and spin conversion of the complex between cytochrome P-450 and camphor. Kinetic and static studies at sub-zero temperatures. | The kinetic rate constants of formation and dissociation of the cytochrome-P-450 - camphor complex (Fe3+-RH) have been obtained by low-temperature (+ 5 degrees C to -20 degrees C) stopped-flow experiments. Simiarly the high-spin/low-spin equilibrium of this complex has been studied as a function of temperature and prot... | Ionization dependence of camphor binding and spin conversion of the complex between cytochrome P-450 and camphor. Kinetic and static studies at sub-zero temperatures. The kinetic rate constants of formation and dissociation of the cytochrome-P-450 - camphor complex (Fe3+-RH) have been obtained by low-temperature (+ 5 d... | [
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PMID:19257 | Hemoglobin S Travis: a sickling hemoglobin with two amino acid substitutions [beta6(A3)glutamic acid leads to valine and beta142 (h20) alanine leads to valine). | Hb S Travis is a previously undescribed sickling hemoglobin with two amino acid substitutions in the beta chain: beta6 Glu leads to Val and beta142 Ala leads to Val. The beta6 Glu leads to Val mutation imparts to Hb S Travis the characteristic properties of sickling hemoglobin, namely its association with erythrocyte s... | Hemoglobin S Travis: a sickling hemoglobin with two amino acid substitutions [beta6(A3)glutamic acid leads to valine and beta142 (h20) alanine leads to valine). Hb S Travis is a previously undescribed sickling hemoglobin with two amino acid substitutions in the beta chain: beta6 Glu leads to Val and beta142 Ala leads t... | [
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PMID:19260 | Mechanism of oestrogen and progesterone effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism: alteration in the insulin: glucagon molar ratio and hepatic enzyme activity. | As in women receiving oestrogens the administration of 17beta-oestradiol to ovariectomized female rats caused a rise in fasting plasma triglycerides and a fall in plasma glucose. Progesterone, on the other hand, had no significant effects. In the oestradiol treated rats, the portal vein basal insulin levels were slight... | Mechanism of oestrogen and progesterone effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism: alteration in the insulin: glucagon molar ratio and hepatic enzyme activity. As in women receiving oestrogens the administration of 17beta-oestradiol to ovariectomized female rats caused a rise in fasting plasma triglycerides and a fa... | [
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PMID:19261 | Effects of bile and bile acids on cultured human fibroblasts. | Impaired healing induced by leakage of bile has been postulated as one factor responsible for complications after reconstructive bile duct surgery. The cytotoxicity of human bile and its major bile acids on cultured human fibroblasts was therefore studied by evaluation of their effects on cell morphology and growth, on... | Effects of bile and bile acids on cultured human fibroblasts. Impaired healing induced by leakage of bile has been postulated as one factor responsible for complications after reconstructive bile duct surgery. The cytotoxicity of human bile and its major bile acids on cultured human fibroblasts was therefore studied by... | [
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PMID:19263 | Mechanisms of B cell tolerance: I. Dynamic nature of the induction of hapten-specific unresponsiveness by hapten-conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide. | Exposure of 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-hemocyanin-primed spleen cells to DNP-conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide (DNP-S3) in vivo or in vitro renders such cells unresponsive to DNP-hemocyanin challenge following adoptive transfer. The unresponsiveness is hapten-specific, independent of the presence of T cells and adher... | Mechanisms of B cell tolerance: I. Dynamic nature of the induction of hapten-specific unresponsiveness by hapten-conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide. Exposure of 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-hemocyanin-primed spleen cells to DNP-conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide (DNP-S3) in vivo or in vitro renders such cells unresp... | [
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PMID:19265 | pD2-, pA2- and pD2'-values of a series of compounds in a histaminic and a cholinergic system. | (1) Affinity and intrinsic activity values of 75 compounds for a histaminergic and a cholinergic system are presented. The quantitative correlations between the affinity values of 35 compounds and some physicochemical constants (Van der Waals volume, lipophilicity, number of hydrogen atoms on the protonated amine) are ... | pD2-, pA2- and pD2'-values of a series of compounds in a histaminic and a cholinergic system. (1) Affinity and intrinsic activity values of 75 compounds for a histaminergic and a cholinergic system are presented. The quantitative correlations between the affinity values of 35 compounds and some physicochemical constant... | [
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PMID:19266 | Regional effects of neuroleptics on dopamine metabolism and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. | The effect of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, thioridazine and sulpride on the levels of DOPAC and HVA, as an index of DA turnover, and on the activity of DA-stimulated adenylate cyclase was investigated inthe striatum, the nucleus accumbens and the tuberculum olfactorium of the rat brain. Haloperidol, chlorpromazine and ... | Regional effects of neuroleptics on dopamine metabolism and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. The effect of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, thioridazine and sulpride on the levels of DOPAC and HVA, as an index of DA turnover, and on the activity of DA-stimulated adenylate cyclase was investigated inthe striat... | [
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PMID:19267 | The effect of antipsychotic drugs and their clinically inactive analogs on dopamine metabolism. | Changes in dopamine metabolite levels in the rat striatum and tuberculum olfactorium, following the administration of three non-antipsychotic butyrophenones (AL-499, AHR-1900 and U-25,927) and a non-antipsychotic benzazepine (SCH-12,679), were compared to the effects seen following the antipsychotics haloperidol, chlor... | The effect of antipsychotic drugs and their clinically inactive analogs on dopamine metabolism. Changes in dopamine metabolite levels in the rat striatum and tuberculum olfactorium, following the administration of three non-antipsychotic butyrophenones (AL-499, AHR-1900 and U-25,927) and a non-antipsychotic benzazepine... | [
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PMID:19268 | The anticonvulsant action of methazolamide in mice: antagonism by various inhibitors of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. | The dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitors, FLA-63 and picolinic acid, antagonized the anticonvulsant action of methazolamine in mice; disulfiram and pyrimidinethiol were inactive. FLA-63 and picolinic acid, but not disulfiram or pyrimidinethiol prevented pheniprazine restoration of the anticonvulsant action of methazola... | The anticonvulsant action of methazolamide in mice: antagonism by various inhibitors of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. The dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitors, FLA-63 and picolinic acid, antagonized the anticonvulsant action of methazolamine in mice; disulfiram and pyrimidinethiol were inactive. FLA-63 and picolinic acid,... | [
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PMID:19269 | Acetylcholine-norepinephrine interactions on potassium movements in the sinus node. | Possible adrenergic mechanisms involved in acetylcholine (ACh) induced potassium movements in the sinus node have been investigated using a tracer potassium (42K) and a microelectrode technique. The ACh-induced increase in 42K uptake was enhanced by propranolol and was unaffected by phentolamine. Reserpinization neithe... | Acetylcholine-norepinephrine interactions on potassium movements in the sinus node. Possible adrenergic mechanisms involved in acetylcholine (ACh) induced potassium movements in the sinus node have been investigated using a tracer potassium (42K) and a microelectrode technique. The ACh-induced increase in 42K uptake wa... | [
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PMID:19277 | Modification of the action of pentagastrin on acid secretion by botulinum toxin. | I.v botulinum toxin after 60-90 min abolished the dose-response relationship between pentagastrin and gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rats and guinea-pigs. The toxin reduced but did not abolish the acid stimulatory effect of histamine. As expected, the acid response to vagal stimulation was abolished and that to... | Modification of the action of pentagastrin on acid secretion by botulinum toxin. I.v botulinum toxin after 60-90 min abolished the dose-response relationship between pentagastrin and gastric acid secretion in anesthetized rats and guinea-pigs. The toxin reduced but did not abolish the acid stimulatory effect of histami... | [
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PMID:19279 | The effect of ion pair formation on the antimuscarinic activity of methantheline. | The quaternary ammonium compound, methantheline, was found to antagonize acetylcholine induced contractions in isolated guinea pig ileum by a mechanism which did not conform to the criteria for either competitive or non-competitive inhibition. Enhancement of the lipid solubility of methantheline by formation of an ion ... | The effect of ion pair formation on the antimuscarinic activity of methantheline. The quaternary ammonium compound, methantheline, was found to antagonize acetylcholine induced contractions in isolated guinea pig ileum by a mechanism which did not conform to the criteria for either competitive or non-competitive inhibi... | [
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PMID:19281 | Interaction of extrinsic fluorescent probes with E. coli glutamine synthetase. | Binding of 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) to adenylylated (E--11) glutamine synthetase is cooperative and time-dependent, with 3 dye sites per subunit. In fluorescence polarization experiments TNS and pyrene butyrate give normalized Perrin plots that indicate a symmetrical arrangement of dye excited state ... | Interaction of extrinsic fluorescent probes with E. coli glutamine synthetase. Binding of 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) to adenylylated (E--11) glutamine synthetase is cooperative and time-dependent, with 3 dye sites per subunit. In fluorescence polarization experiments TNS and pyrene butyrate give normal... | [
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PMID:19282 | Effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers on the actions of noradrenaline on body temperature in the newborn guinea-pig. | The effect of NA injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle on Tc was blocked by alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers, but not by beta-receptor blockers, whereas the effect of systemically administered NA was blocked by i.p. administered beta-receptor blockers, but not by alpha-blockers. | Effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers on the actions of noradrenaline on body temperature in the newborn guinea-pig. The effect of NA injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle on Tc was blocked by alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers, but not by beta-receptor blockers, whereas the effect of systemically admin... | [
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PMID:19283 | Chemical studies of marine invertebrates. XXVII. On the absolute configuration of aromadendrane sesquiterpenes from the soft coral Cespitularia aff. subviridis. | Allo-aromadendrene, (-)viridiflorol and (+)ledol have been identified as minor constituents of the soft coral Cespitularia aff. subviridis. | Chemical studies of marine invertebrates. XXVII. On the absolute configuration of aromadendrane sesquiterpenes from the soft coral Cespitularia aff. subviridis. Allo-aromadendrene, (-)viridiflorol and (+)ledol have been identified as minor constituents of the soft coral Cespitularia aff. subviridis. | [
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PMID:19285 | Inhibitory effect of fentonium on gastric acid secretion in different laboratory animals. | The influence of fentonium, a new derivative of hyoscyamine, on the gastric secretion has been evaluated in rats, cats and dogs. The compound appeared to be able to markedly reduce the gastric hypersecretion produced by pentagastrin, caerulein and bethanechol; its antagonizing activity against histamine stimulation was... | Inhibitory effect of fentonium on gastric acid secretion in different laboratory animals. The influence of fentonium, a new derivative of hyoscyamine, on the gastric secretion has been evaluated in rats, cats and dogs. The compound appeared to be able to markedly reduce the gastric hypersecretion produced by pentagastr... | [
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PMID:19307 | Hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide content of the oviductal fluid of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). | The pH in the oviduct lumen of adult female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) during the menstrual cycle was measured by means of miniaturized pH electrodes. Two types were used: one was a flexible electrode 1.4 mm in diameter; the other was a rigid electrode 0.8 mm in diameter. The same results were obtained with both ty... | Hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide content of the oviductal fluid of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). The pH in the oviduct lumen of adult female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) during the menstrual cycle was measured by means of miniaturized pH electrodes. Two types were used: one was a flexible electrode 1.4 mm in dia... | [
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PMID:19327 | Determining optimum dose and acute tolerance of triazolam. | The present two-phase study was designed to determine the optimum hynotic dose of triazolam and to assess any evidence of acute tolerance. Subjective and objective data were used to assess hypnotic efficacy. In the dose-titration phase, the dose of triazolam was increased in 0-5 mg increments to the highest level toler... | Determining optimum dose and acute tolerance of triazolam. The present two-phase study was designed to determine the optimum hynotic dose of triazolam and to assess any evidence of acute tolerance. Subjective and objective data were used to assess hypnotic efficacy. In the dose-titration phase, the dose of triazolam wa... | [
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PMID:19328 | Antihypertensive effect and tolerability of metoprolol during long-term treatment: a multicentre study. | One hundred and forty-seven patients with essential hypertension participated in this multicentre study. The results indicate that metoprolol in a dosage of 150-450 mg daily is an effective and well tolerated therapy both in patients previously untreated and in patients unsatisfactorily treated with other antihypertens... | Antihypertensive effect and tolerability of metoprolol during long-term treatment: a multicentre study. One hundred and forty-seven patients with essential hypertension participated in this multicentre study. The results indicate that metoprolol in a dosage of 150-450 mg daily is an effective and well tolerated therapy... | [
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PMID:19330 | 6-Phosphogluconate/glucose-6-phosphate ratio in rat pancreatic islets during inhibition of insulin release by exogenous insulin. | Inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by exogenous insulin has been demonstrated in pancreatic islets to be associated with a decrease of the NADPH/NADP ratio and the pentose-phosphate cycle activity. Batches of five islets were incubated for 15 and 90 minutes in 1 ml. of KRB buffer with 2 per cent albumin c... | 6-Phosphogluconate/glucose-6-phosphate ratio in rat pancreatic islets during inhibition of insulin release by exogenous insulin. Inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by exogenous insulin has been demonstrated in pancreatic islets to be associated with a decrease of the NADPH/NADP ratio and the pentose-phosp... | [
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PMID:19331 | Effect of caerulein on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the duodenal juice in chronic pancreatitis. | During infusion of caerulein, the output of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and biliary alkaline phosphatase is significantly more increased in chronic pancreatitis patients than in normal subjects. The presence of the gall-bladder is necessary to observe this effect of caerulein. It is not related to the discharge of la... | Effect of caerulein on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the duodenal juice in chronic pancreatitis. During infusion of caerulein, the output of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and biliary alkaline phosphatase is significantly more increased in chronic pancreatitis patients than in normal subjects... | [
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PMID:19333 | Inhibitory effect of sulpiride on cinchophen gastric ulceration in dogs. | An intraventricular administration of sulpiride suppressed the experimental cinchophen ulcer, thereby the effect of repeated administration of the material on cinchophen ulcerogenesis is evident, whereas intermittent administration lacked this effect. Such an effect as reducing experimental cinchophen ulceration, which... | Inhibitory effect of sulpiride on cinchophen gastric ulceration in dogs. An intraventricular administration of sulpiride suppressed the experimental cinchophen ulcer, thereby the effect of repeated administration of the material on cinchophen ulcerogenesis is evident, whereas intermittent administration lacked this eff... | [
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PMID:19334 | Role of intragastric pressure, pH, and pepsin in gastric ulceration in the rat. | A method of continuous gastric perfusion with "artificial gastric juice" was used in a study of individual factors (intragastric pressure, pH, and pepsin) known to participate in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. This method allowed change of only one factor at a time, while the other two remained constant. The gastri... | Role of intragastric pressure, pH, and pepsin in gastric ulceration in the rat. A method of continuous gastric perfusion with "artificial gastric juice" was used in a study of individual factors (intragastric pressure, pH, and pepsin) known to participate in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers. This method allowed change... | [
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PMID:19335 | Binding properties in vitro of antacids for conjugated bile acids. | The binding properties of various commercial antacids for pure conjugated bile acids in an aqueous solution or the bile acids present in human gallbladder bile were characterized. Aluminum hydroxide was a potent binding agent, similar in affinity and capacity to cholestyramine. With aluminum hydroxide, dihydroxy bile a... | Binding properties in vitro of antacids for conjugated bile acids. The binding properties of various commercial antacids for pure conjugated bile acids in an aqueous solution or the bile acids present in human gallbladder bile were characterized. Aluminum hydroxide was a potent binding agent, similar in affinity and ca... | [
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PMID:19336 | Obstructive jaundice after bone marrow transplantation. | Jaundice after bone marrow transplantation is usually a consequence of graft versus host disease. Reported is a patient who presented with obstructive jaundice several months after a successful marrow allograft. Despite a benign bone marrow examination, abdominal ultrasound, upper gastrointestinal series, and endoscopi... | Obstructive jaundice after bone marrow transplantation. Jaundice after bone marrow transplantation is usually a consequence of graft versus host disease. Reported is a patient who presented with obstructive jaundice several months after a successful marrow allograft. Despite a benign bone marrow examination, abdominal ... | [
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PMID:19337 | Peptic ulcer disease--a heterogeneous group of disorders? | The familial aggregation of peptic ulcer disease has been well established, as has its association with such clear-cut genetic factors as blood group O and nonsecretor status. However, the genetics of this disorder, or group of disorders, is still in question. Polygenic inheritance is the prevailing hypothesis that has... | Peptic ulcer disease--a heterogeneous group of disorders? The familial aggregation of peptic ulcer disease has been well established, as has its association with such clear-cut genetic factors as blood group O and nonsecretor status. However, the genetics of this disorder, or group of disorders, is still in question. P... | [
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PMID:19338 | Effect of beta adrenergic blocking drugs on the renin-aldosterone system, sodium excretion, and renal hemodynamics in cirrhosis with ascites. | As a result of effective beta adrenergic blockade with either propranolol or practolol, plasma renin activity was suppressed in all of 11 patients with cirrhosis and ascites. In contrast, the effect on the rate of renal excretion of aldosterone was variable, suggesting that factors other than the renin-angiotension sys... | Effect of beta adrenergic blocking drugs on the renin-aldosterone system, sodium excretion, and renal hemodynamics in cirrhosis with ascites. As a result of effective beta adrenergic blockade with either propranolol or practolol, plasma renin activity was suppressed in all of 11 patients with cirrhosis and ascites. In ... | [
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PMID:19340 | Crohn's disease involving the colon: an audit of clinical management. | This paper describes the clinical management of 204 patients with Crohn's disease involving the colon who have been reviewed regularly for many years. The results have been analyzed to define the morbidity, mortality, and long term prognosis of the disorder. Despite a high morbidity, the long term prognosis is good. Al... | Crohn's disease involving the colon: an audit of clinical management. This paper describes the clinical management of 204 patients with Crohn's disease involving the colon who have been reviewed regularly for many years. The results have been analyzed to define the morbidity, mortality, and long term prognosis of the d... | [
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PMID:19341 | Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the amphibian gastric mucosa. I. Electrophysiological and permeability changes. | The effects of acetylsalicylic acid on the in vitro bullfrog gastric mucosa were defined. After mucosal exposure of 10 or 20 mM acetylsalicylic acid, a characteristic series of changes evolved. The potential difference and resistance rose initially. After 15 to 30 min the potential difference declined to zero. Transmuc... | Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the amphibian gastric mucosa. I. Electrophysiological and permeability changes. The effects of acetylsalicylic acid on the in vitro bullfrog gastric mucosa were defined. After mucosal exposure of 10 or 20 mM acetylsalicylic acid, a characteristic series of changes evolved. The potentia... | [
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PMID:19344 | Characterization of Salmonella typhimurium mutants with altered glutamine synthetase activity. | A number of glutamine auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated and characterized genetically. Three of the mutations appear to be closely linked and are complemented by episomes carrying the glnA region of Escherichia coli. The lesions in these strains are approximately 20% linked by P1 transduction with a mu... | Characterization of Salmonella typhimurium mutants with altered glutamine synthetase activity. A number of glutamine auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium were isolated and characterized genetically. Three of the mutations appear to be closely linked and are complemented by episomes carrying the glnA region of Escherich... | [
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PMID:19345 | [Bacterial recombination]. | The most perspective trends in studying the mechanisms of genetic exchanges in bacteria are discussed. They are the following. 1. Comparison of the recombination stages in various biological phenomena such as transformation, transduction (generalized), conjugation (common and single-stranded) and transfection. 2. Chara... | [Bacterial recombination]. The most perspective trends in studying the mechanisms of genetic exchanges in bacteria are discussed. They are the following. 1. Comparison of the recombination stages in various biological phenomena such as transformation, transduction (generalized), conjugation (common and single-stranded)... | [
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PMID:19346 | Cimetidine and the gastric mucosal barrier. | The histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, when given topically or parenterally, did not affect net luminal Na+ gain or net luminal H+ loss in vagally-denervated pouches of antrectomised dogs. Cimetidine did not affect disruption of the mucosal barrier by 5 mmol/l or 20 mmol/l sodium taurocholate. | Cimetidine and the gastric mucosal barrier. The histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, when given topically or parenterally, did not affect net luminal Na+ gain or net luminal H+ loss in vagally-denervated pouches of antrectomised dogs. Cimetidine did not affect disruption of the mucosal barrier by 5 mmol/l or 2... | [
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PMID:19347 | [Treatment of peptic ulcer with histamine H2 receptor antagonists]. | Histamine H2-receptor antagonists (Burimamide, Metiamide and Cimetidine as the most recent generation) may drastically inhibit gastric acid secretion stimulated by histamine, pentagastrin, insulin, 2-deoxyglucose or an intragastrically instilled meal, respectively. This inhibitory action may explain the beneficial effe... | [Treatment of peptic ulcer with histamine H2 receptor antagonists]. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists (Burimamide, Metiamide and Cimetidine as the most recent generation) may drastically inhibit gastric acid secretion stimulated by histamine, pentagastrin, insulin, 2-deoxyglucose or an intragastrically instilled meal, ... | [
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PMID:19348 | [Antacids and gastric mucosa. Protective effect of an antacid on acetylsalicylic acid induced functional lesions in the human gastric mucosa]. | Salicylates do induce functional and morphological changes of the gastric mucosa: increased H+-back-diffusion, increased Na+-influx, and increased blood loss. Several functional parameters of the gastric mucosal barrier correlate with the transmural electrical potential difference (PD) which can be used as a sensitive,... | [Antacids and gastric mucosa. Protective effect of an antacid on acetylsalicylic acid induced functional lesions in the human gastric mucosa]. Salicylates do induce functional and morphological changes of the gastric mucosa: increased H+-back-diffusion, increased Na+-influx, and increased blood loss. Several functional... | [
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PMID:19350 | Interaction of colchicine with DNA molecules. | Colchicine (7.5 X 10-6M or 3.3 X 10-5M) was incubated at pH 7.0, 10.0, or 12.0 with high-molecular DNA from salmon sperm (7 X 10-5M or 3.5 X 10-5M DNA-P) at 40 degrees C. Interaction was monitored by UV spectrophotometry; Amax/Amin ratios, difference and additive spectra, and the quantity of colchicine bound to DNA wer... | Interaction of colchicine with DNA molecules. Colchicine (7.5 X 10-6M or 3.3 X 10-5M) was incubated at pH 7.0, 10.0, or 12.0 with high-molecular DNA from salmon sperm (7 X 10-5M or 3.5 X 10-5M DNA-P) at 40 degrees C. Interaction was monitored by UV spectrophotometry; Amax/Amin ratios, difference and additive spectra, a... | [
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PMID:19351 | Glutamine synthetase from pig brain: binding of adenosine triphosphate. | Glutamine synthetase was purified to homogeneity from fresh brain homogenates by a procedure that makes use of the affinity of this ATP requiring ligase to Cibacron 3G-A Blue-Sephadex G-75. It is shown that the interaction of pig brain enzyme with the dye does not concern the active centre but a non-catalytic although ... | Glutamine synthetase from pig brain: binding of adenosine triphosphate. Glutamine synthetase was purified to homogeneity from fresh brain homogenates by a procedure that makes use of the affinity of this ATP requiring ligase to Cibacron 3G-A Blue-Sephadex G-75. It is shown that the interaction of pig brain enzyme with ... | [
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0.04... |
PMID:19354 | Enzymatically active peptide from the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylating toxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | A nontoxic peptide (molecular weight, 26,000), which is active in catalyzing the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of elongation factor 2, has been isolated from the culture supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 103 in stationary phase. Like fragment A from diphtheria toxin, the active peptide catalyzed t... | Enzymatically active peptide from the adenosine diphosphate-ribosylating toxin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A nontoxic peptide (molecular weight, 26,000), which is active in catalyzing the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of elongation factor 2, has been isolated from the culture supernatant of Pseudomonas aerugi... | [
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0... |
PMID:19355 | Correlation between oral toxicity and in vitro stability of Clostridium botulinum type A and B toxins of different molecular sizes. | The in vitro sensitivity to acid and pepsin differed markedly among Clostridium botulinum type A and B toxins of different molecular sizes. The larger the molecular size of the toxin, the higher the resistance to these agents. Tye B derivative toxin was rapidly inactivated, but the progenitor toxins resisted in vitro e... | Correlation between oral toxicity and in vitro stability of Clostridium botulinum type A and B toxins of different molecular sizes. The in vitro sensitivity to acid and pepsin differed markedly among Clostridium botulinum type A and B toxins of different molecular sizes. The larger the molecular size of the toxin, the ... | [
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PMID:19356 | Effect of temperature on bacterial killing by serum and by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | Bacterial killing by serum alone and by polymorphonuclear )PMN) leukocytes was studied at 37 degrees C and compared with killing at 39 and 41 degrees C. The test organisms for serum killing were Staphylococcus aureus 502A (serum resistant) and Escherichia coli O14 (serum sensitive). The organisms used in PMN killing te... | Effect of temperature on bacterial killing by serum and by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Bacterial killing by serum alone and by polymorphonuclear )PMN) leukocytes was studied at 37 degrees C and compared with killing at 39 and 41 degrees C. The test organisms for serum killing were Staphylococcus aureus 502A (serum re... | [
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PMID:19357 | Classical and alternative complement pathway activation by pneumococci. | Sixty-two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were studied for their abilities to consume selected components of classical and alternative complement pathways in human sera. The classical pathway was blocked by chelating calcium with ethyleneglycol-bios (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid and by removing C4. T... | Classical and alternative complement pathway activation by pneumococci. Sixty-two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were studied for their abilities to consume selected components of classical and alternative complement pathways in human sera. The classical pathway was blocked by chelating calcium with ethyleneglycol... | [
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PMID:19358 | Inhibitory action of fatty acids on the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | Fatty acids of various chain lengths (C(1) to C(24)) were examined for their effects on growth, oxygen consumption, and in vitro reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase activity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae CS-7. The growth inhibition caused by saturated fatty acids increased with increasing chain length to a max... | Inhibitory action of fatty acids on the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Fatty acids of various chain lengths (C(1) to C(24)) were examined for their effects on growth, oxygen consumption, and in vitro reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase activity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae CS-7. The growth inhibition caused... | [
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PMID:19359 | Fungicidal properties of a chymotrypsin-like cationic protein from human neutrophils: adsorption to Candida parapsilosis. | Human neutrophils contain a chymotrypsin-like cationic protein (CLCP) that binds to the surface of Candida parapsilosis and is preferentially adsorbed by yeasts mixed with unfractionated extracts of neutrophil granules. Adsorption of CLCP to opsonized or nonopsonized yeasts was rapid at pH 4 through 8. Irreversible inh... | Fungicidal properties of a chymotrypsin-like cationic protein from human neutrophils: adsorption to Candida parapsilosis. Human neutrophils contain a chymotrypsin-like cationic protein (CLCP) that binds to the surface of Candida parapsilosis and is preferentially adsorbed by yeasts mixed with unfractionated extracts of... | [
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0.0007080072537064552,
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0.0012752184411510825,
... |
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