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PMID:19539 | Comparison otitis media due to types 3 and 23 Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Chinchilla model. | Only a few pneumococcal serotypes are responsible for the majority of cases of acute otitis media due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. The immunopathogenesis of otitis media cause by two serotypes, type 3 and 23, was studied in chinchillas. Chinchillas with type 23 pneumococcal otitis media were capable of clea... | Comparison otitis media due to types 3 and 23 Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Chinchilla model. Only a few pneumococcal serotypes are responsible for the majority of cases of acute otitis media due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. The immunopathogenesis of otitis media cause by two serotypes, type 3 and 23, was... | [
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PMID:19540 | Maturation of regulatory factors influencing magnitude of antibody response to capsular polysaccharide of type III Streptococcus pneumoniae. | Mice of different ages were evaluated for their ability to give a plaque-forming cell response to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SSS-III). The response of amplifier and suppressor thymus-derived (T-) cells was also evaluated. The responses to an optimally immunogenic dose of SSS-III for two-an... | Maturation of regulatory factors influencing magnitude of antibody response to capsular polysaccharide of type III Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mice of different ages were evaluated for their ability to give a plaque-forming cell response to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SSS-III). The response o... | [
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PMID:19541 | Temperature-sensitive mutants of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae: preparation, characterization, and evidence for attenuation and immunogenicity. | Thirteen temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae were selected after exposure of virulent wild-type (ts+) organisms to nitrosoguanidine. Each mutant resembled the ts+ parent in properties of alpha-hemolysis, bile solubility, optochin sensitivity, antibiotic sensitivity, and serotype. Unlik... | Temperature-sensitive mutants of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae: preparation, characterization, and evidence for attenuation and immunogenicity. Thirteen temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae were selected after exposure of virulent wild-type (ts+) organisms to nitrosoguanidine. Each mu... | [
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PMID:19542 | Adenyl cyclase in Bordetella pertussis vaccines. | Brodetella pertussis organisms have a large amount of extracytoplasmic adenyl cyclase, part of which is found in the supernatant culture medium during exponential growth. The enzyme differs from previously studied bacterial adenyl cyclases in biochemical characteristics as well as in location. Several commercial pertus... | Adenyl cyclase in Bordetella pertussis vaccines. Brodetella pertussis organisms have a large amount of extracytoplasmic adenyl cyclase, part of which is found in the supernatant culture medium during exponential growth. The enzyme differs from previously studied bacterial adenyl cyclases in biochemical characteristics ... | [
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PMID:19543 | Prevention of pneumococcal infection by immunization with capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae: current status of polyvalent vaccines. | Because of the continuing morbidity and mortality resulting from pneumococcal infection, a program was instituted to redevelop polyvalent vaccines consisting of capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccines containing 50 microgram each of the capsular polysaccharides of as many as 13 pneumococcal types... | Prevention of pneumococcal infection by immunization with capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae: current status of polyvalent vaccines. Because of the continuing morbidity and mortality resulting from pneumococcal infection, a program was instituted to redevelop polyvalent vaccines consisting of capsular... | [
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PMID:19545 | Platelet-aggregating factor and the aggregation of fixed washed platelets. | Platelet-aggregating factor (PAF) was removed from bovine plasma by human platelets fixed with 2% formaldehyde. The degree of adsorption was directly related to the platelet concentration and the length of incubation. Fixed washed platelets (FWP) aggregated with bovine plasma could be deaggregated by 1M KCl, Evans blue... | Platelet-aggregating factor and the aggregation of fixed washed platelets. Platelet-aggregating factor (PAF) was removed from bovine plasma by human platelets fixed with 2% formaldehyde. The degree of adsorption was directly related to the platelet concentration and the length of incubation. Fixed washed platelets (FWP... | [
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PMID:19547 | A comparison of lipoprotein lipase activity and adipocyte differentiation in growing male rats. | During adipose tissue development changes in lipoprotein lipase activity per adipocyte precede significant changes in fat cell size. Lipoprotein lipase activity per adipocyte increases fourfold from the second to seventh postnatal week. Furthermore, when isolated adipocytes and stromal--vascular cells are prepared by c... | A comparison of lipoprotein lipase activity and adipocyte differentiation in growing male rats. During adipose tissue development changes in lipoprotein lipase activity per adipocyte precede significant changes in fat cell size. Lipoprotein lipase activity per adipocyte increases fourfold from the second to seventh pos... | [
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PMID:19548 | Blood respiratory properties of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) kept in water of high CO2 tension. | 1. Blood O2 transport and acid-base balance were studied at 20 degrees C in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) which had been kept in water of high CO2 content (15 mmHg) for at least a week. Also the blood gas chemistry of fish rapidly entering or leaving the hypercapnic environment was studied. 2. Fish entering high CO2 ... | Blood respiratory properties of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) kept in water of high CO2 tension. 1. Blood O2 transport and acid-base balance were studied at 20 degrees C in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) which had been kept in water of high CO2 content (15 mmHg) for at least a week. Also the blood gas chemistry of f... | [
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PMID:19549 | pH and haemoglobin oxygen affinity in blood from the Antarctic cod Dissostichus mawsoni. | Blood pH in the antarctic cod (Dissostichus mawsoni) and in two Trematomus species, occlrring at --1-9 degrees C, is extremely high (approximately 8-2 to 8-3). This supports and extends Rahn's (1966) model for the temperature-pH relationship in cold-blooded vertebrates. The blood of D. mawsoni shows a low oxygen affini... | pH and haemoglobin oxygen affinity in blood from the Antarctic cod Dissostichus mawsoni. Blood pH in the antarctic cod (Dissostichus mawsoni) and in two Trematomus species, occlrring at --1-9 degrees C, is extremely high (approximately 8-2 to 8-3). This supports and extends Rahn's (1966) model for the temperature-pH re... | [
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PMID:19550 | The effect of progressive hypoxia on respiration in the toad Bufo marinus. | 1. As Bufo marinus became progressively hypoxic over a period of 90 min, there was a rise in arterial pH, presumably brought about by hyperventilation. The alkalosis gradually disappeared when oxygen levels became very low. It is suggested that this is the result of a respiratory or a metabolic pH adjustment, or both. ... | The effect of progressive hypoxia on respiration in the toad Bufo marinus. 1. As Bufo marinus became progressively hypoxic over a period of 90 min, there was a rise in arterial pH, presumably brought about by hyperventilation. The alkalosis gradually disappeared when oxygen levels became very low. It is suggested that ... | [
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PMID:19551 | Suppression of in vitro cytotoxic response by macrophages due to induced arginase. | Arginine was found to be completely depleted from cell-free supernates of mixed leukocyte cultures suppressed by the addition of excess macrophages. Partial reversal of macrophage-mediated suppression was accomplished by daily addition of a cocktail containing arginine and nonamino acid nutrients. Complete reversal of ... | Suppression of in vitro cytotoxic response by macrophages due to induced arginase. Arginine was found to be completely depleted from cell-free supernates of mixed leukocyte cultures suppressed by the addition of excess macrophages. Partial reversal of macrophage-mediated suppression was accomplished by daily addition o... | [
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PMID:19552 | Elastase secretion by peritoneal exudative and alveolar macrophages. | Mouse alveolar macrophages (AM) cultured in the absence of serum secrete an elastolytic enzyme. The elastase from AM resembles the previously described elastase from peritoneal macrophages (PM) in pH optimum and inhibition profile. The macrophage enzymes do not appear to be stored, and with periodic changes in the cult... | Elastase secretion by peritoneal exudative and alveolar macrophages. Mouse alveolar macrophages (AM) cultured in the absence of serum secrete an elastolytic enzyme. The elastase from AM resembles the previously described elastase from peritoneal macrophages (PM) in pH optimum and inhibition profile. The macrophage enzy... | [
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PMID:19553 | Influence of splenectomy on first set rejection reactions of C57BL/6 females to male skin isografts. | The tempo with which C57BL/6 females reject male skin isografts is determined in part by the immunogenicity of the H-Y antigen and in part by the capacity of the host to respond immunologically. Our studies indicate that the spleen plays an important role in determining the briskness of the rejection process in that sp... | Influence of splenectomy on first set rejection reactions of C57BL/6 females to male skin isografts. The tempo with which C57BL/6 females reject male skin isografts is determined in part by the immunogenicity of the H-Y antigen and in part by the capacity of the host to respond immunologically. Our studies indicate tha... | [
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PMID:19554 | [Critical observations on the use of phenolphthalein monophosphate as a substrate for the determination of prostatic acid phosphatase (author's transl)]. | At pH 10, which is in the alkaline measurement range, phenolphthalein is bound by albumin. The resonance system of this acid-base indicator cannot therefore be completely formed, and the colour intensity is correspondingly lower. Albumin also binds phenolphthalein monophosphate at pH 4-8, in the pH range of the enzymic... | [Critical observations on the use of phenolphthalein monophosphate as a substrate for the determination of prostatic acid phosphatase (author's transl)]. At pH 10, which is in the alkaline measurement range, phenolphthalein is bound by albumin. The resonance system of this acid-base indicator cannot therefore be comple... | [
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PMID:19555 | Relations between ameboid movement and membrane-controlled electrical currents. | We have studied the pattern of electrical currents through amebas (mainly Chaos chaos) with an ultrasensitive extracellular vibrating probe. Amebas drive both steady currents and current pulses through themselves. Relatively steady current with an average surface density of 0.1-0.2 muA/cm2 enters the rear quarter of an... | Relations between ameboid movement and membrane-controlled electrical currents. We have studied the pattern of electrical currents through amebas (mainly Chaos chaos) with an ultrasensitive extracellular vibrating probe. Amebas drive both steady currents and current pulses through themselves. Relatively steady current ... | [
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PMID:19556 | Temperature-dependent changes of chloride transport kinetics in human red cells. | Chloride self-exchange in human red cells was studied between 0 degrees C and 38 degrees C. At higher temperatures the flow-tube method was used. Although the general features of chloride transport at 0 degrees C and 38 degrees C are similar, the following differences were found: (a) the maximum pH of chloride self-exc... | Temperature-dependent changes of chloride transport kinetics in human red cells. Chloride self-exchange in human red cells was studied between 0 degrees C and 38 degrees C. At higher temperatures the flow-tube method was used. Although the general features of chloride transport at 0 degrees C and 38 degrees C are simil... | [
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PMID:19557 | Preferential hemolysis of postnatal calf red cells induced by internal alkalinization. | Red blood cells from neonatal calves, but not from adult cows, rapidly hemolyze in buffered 300 mM solutions of a variety of nonelectrolytes and amino acids. Of these compounds, sucrose is chosen to elucidate the mechanism by which this preferential hemolysis takes place. As in other mammalian red cells, both calf and ... | Preferential hemolysis of postnatal calf red cells induced by internal alkalinization. Red blood cells from neonatal calves, but not from adult cows, rapidly hemolyze in buffered 300 mM solutions of a variety of nonelectrolytes and amino acids. Of these compounds, sucrose is chosen to elucidate the mechanism by which t... | [
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PMID:19558 | Influence of solute and hydrogen ion concentration on the water relations of some xerophilic fungi. | Germination and growth of six xerophilic fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Eurotium chevalieri, Chrysosphorium fastidium, Wallemia sebi and Xeromyces bisporus were examined on media of a wide range of water activities (aw). The influence of three solutes, NaCl, glycerol and a glucose/fructose mixture, w... | Influence of solute and hydrogen ion concentration on the water relations of some xerophilic fungi. Germination and growth of six xerophilic fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Eurotium chevalieri, Chrysosphorium fastidium, Wallemia sebi and Xeromyces bisporus were examined on media of a wide range of wat... | [
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PMID:19567 | Effect of dietary threonine supplementation on tyrosine toxicity in the rat. | The objective of this study was to determine the effect of threonine supplementation on tyrosine metabolism in rats fed a low protein diet with excess tyrosine. The growth retardation and the development of eye and paw lesions that occur in rats ingesting a basal plus 3% or 5% L-tyrosine diet could be alleviated partia... | Effect of dietary threonine supplementation on tyrosine toxicity in the rat. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of threonine supplementation on tyrosine metabolism in rats fed a low protein diet with excess tyrosine. The growth retardation and the development of eye and paw lesions that occur in ra... | [
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PMID:19568 | Decreased opsonization for Streptococcus pneumoniae in sickle cell disease: studies on selected complement components and immunoglobulins. | Opsonic activity for Streptococcus pneumoniae in the sera of patients with sickle cell disease was reduced in comparison to the opsonic activity of sera from age-matched normal children. No difference in opsonic activity for Escherichi coli was observed in the sera from patients or normals. Total hemolytic complement, ... | Decreased opsonization for Streptococcus pneumoniae in sickle cell disease: studies on selected complement components and immunoglobulins. Opsonic activity for Streptococcus pneumoniae in the sera of patients with sickle cell disease was reduced in comparison to the opsonic activity of sera from age-matched normal chil... | [
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PMID:19569 | Methylmalonic aciduria: a variant form of methylmalonyl coenzyme A apomutase deficiency. | Sisters aged 3 and 4 1/2 years, respectively, who had grown and developed normally were found to have methylmalonic aciduria. The elder had had only one previous illness, at 18 months, and was thriving at six years without treatment; she was excreting up to 2 gm methylmalonic acid per day. The younger sister died durin... | Methylmalonic aciduria: a variant form of methylmalonyl coenzyme A apomutase deficiency. Sisters aged 3 and 4 1/2 years, respectively, who had grown and developed normally were found to have methylmalonic aciduria. The elder had had only one previous illness, at 18 months, and was thriving at six years without treatmen... | [
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PMID:19571 | Bilateral retractile testes--subsequent effects on fertility. | A group of 43 adults who as children had been diagnosed as having bilateral retractile testes were traced. Seventy-four per cent of the married patients had children. The testicular volume was normal in all the 19 patients examined. | Bilateral retractile testes--subsequent effects on fertility. A group of 43 adults who as children had been diagnosed as having bilateral retractile testes were traced. Seventy-four per cent of the married patients had children. The testicular volume was normal in all the 19 patients examined. | [
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PMID:19572 | Fetal and maternal blood glucose, insulin and acid base observations following maternal glucose infusion. | The aim of the present investigation was to examine the fetal and maternal blood glucose and insulin response following glucose infusion to the mother. The studies were performed on 11 primigravid patients with a gestational age of 38-40 weeks during the first stage of labor. Glucose was given intravenously by a bolus ... | Fetal and maternal blood glucose, insulin and acid base observations following maternal glucose infusion. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the fetal and maternal blood glucose and insulin response following glucose infusion to the mother. The studies were performed on 11 primigravid patients with a g... | [
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PMID:19574 | The effect of temperature on the tensile strength and disintegration of paracetamol and oxytetracycline tablets. | The tensile strengths and disintegration times of paracetamol and oxytetracycline tablets at room temperature are higher when they have been prepared at high temperatures, e.g. 85 degrees, than at room temperature or below, e.g.--20 degrees. The activation energies of the two materials, 3 and 1 k cal mol-1 (13 and 4kJm... | The effect of temperature on the tensile strength and disintegration of paracetamol and oxytetracycline tablets. The tensile strengths and disintegration times of paracetamol and oxytetracycline tablets at room temperature are higher when they have been prepared at high temperatures, e.g. 85 degrees, than at room tempe... | [
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PMID:19575 | Binder distribution onto binary mixtures of glass spheres. | Glass spheres (0-8 and 0-4 cm diam.) in differing weight ratios were treated in a rotating pan with four pharmaceutical binder fluids. Binder uptake for a sphere of 1 g was greater onto the smaller spheres irrespective of binder or wt ratio used. There were differences in uniformity of uptake, the solution binders (PVP... | Binder distribution onto binary mixtures of glass spheres. Glass spheres (0-8 and 0-4 cm diam.) in differing weight ratios were treated in a rotating pan with four pharmaceutical binder fluids. Binder uptake for a sphere of 1 g was greater onto the smaller spheres irrespective of binder or wt ratio used. There were dif... | [
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PMID:19576 | Permeation of oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and dexamethasone across cellulose acetate membrane. | The permeation across cellulose acetate of three oestrogens, differing only in the number of hydroxyl groups attached to the nucleus, and a 'standard' steroid, dexamethasone, was investigated using the lag-time method for calculating diffusion parameters, between 10 and 40 degrees. Diffusion coefficients for the simila... | Permeation of oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and dexamethasone across cellulose acetate membrane. The permeation across cellulose acetate of three oestrogens, differing only in the number of hydroxyl groups attached to the nucleus, and a 'standard' steroid, dexamethasone, was investigated using the lag-time method for ... | [
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PMID:19577 | Effect of a second solubilizate on the partition coefficient of drugs in micellar solution and their permeation rate across an artificial membrane. | The distribution of a solubilizate between micelles and the aqueous phase does not obey a simple partition law when a second solubilizate species is present. Alterations of the apparent partition coefficient cannot be explained in terms of a simple displacement mechanism, following the interaction of both solubilizates... | Effect of a second solubilizate on the partition coefficient of drugs in micellar solution and their permeation rate across an artificial membrane. The distribution of a solubilizate between micelles and the aqueous phase does not obey a simple partition law when a second solubilizate species is present. Alterations of... | [
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PMID:19578 | The release of plasticizer from polyvinyl chloride haemodialysis tubing. | The extent of migration of plasticizer from haemodialysis lines into saline and plasma has been examined and a number of different types of tubing have been compared. A model system designed to simulate in vivo haemodialysis was evolved. The method uses a continuous cyclohexane extraction in order to mimic uptake of pl... | The release of plasticizer from polyvinyl chloride haemodialysis tubing. The extent of migration of plasticizer from haemodialysis lines into saline and plasma has been examined and a number of different types of tubing have been compared. A model system designed to simulate in vivo haemodialysis was evolved. The metho... | [
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PMID:19579 | The effect of tris buffers on rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. | The effect of tris buffers upon the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in rat liver mitochondria has been investigated. Tris buffer was shown to inhibit MAO in a non-competitive manner with a Ki of 15-25 mM. Tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and beta-phenethylamine but not benzylamine oxidations were all inhibited by tris bu... | The effect of tris buffers on rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. The effect of tris buffers upon the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in rat liver mitochondria has been investigated. Tris buffer was shown to inhibit MAO in a non-competitive manner with a Ki of 15-25 mM. Tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and beta-ph... | [
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PMID:19580 | Metabolic oxidation of aralkyl oximes to nitro compounds by fortified 9000g liver supernatants from various species. | Incubation of 'amphetamine oxime' (IIa, anti-benzyl methyl ketoxime) with fortified rabbit liver 9000 g supernatants gave the nitro compound (Ie) and the beta-hydroxylated oxime (IIc) in addition to the previously reported ketone (IIb) and alcohol (Ic) metabolites. Formation of the products was cofactor dependent. The ... | Metabolic oxidation of aralkyl oximes to nitro compounds by fortified 9000g liver supernatants from various species. Incubation of 'amphetamine oxime' (IIa, anti-benzyl methyl ketoxime) with fortified rabbit liver 9000 g supernatants gave the nitro compound (Ie) and the beta-hydroxylated oxime (IIc) in addition to the ... | [
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PMID:19581 | Dopamine receptors in rat striatum and nucleus accumbens; conformational studies using rigid analogues of dopamine. | A study was made of the actions of dopamine and of some 2-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat striatum and nucleus accumbens. The compounds were also tested for their ability to stimulate motor activity following bilateral injection into the nucleus accumbe... | Dopamine receptors in rat striatum and nucleus accumbens; conformational studies using rigid analogues of dopamine. A study was made of the actions of dopamine and of some 2-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat striatum and nucleus accumbens. The compounds w... | [
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PMID:19582 | The effects of diethylcarbamazine citrate on smooth muscle. | The effect of the anthelmintic drug diethylcarbamazine citrate (DECC) was examined on the guinea-pig isolated ileum, rabbit duodenum, chick oesophagus, rat portal vein and pig coronary artery. DECC contracted all the gastrointestinal smooth muscle preparations. The contractions were antagonized by hexamethonium and atr... | The effects of diethylcarbamazine citrate on smooth muscle. The effect of the anthelmintic drug diethylcarbamazine citrate (DECC) was examined on the guinea-pig isolated ileum, rabbit duodenum, chick oesophagus, rat portal vein and pig coronary artery. DECC contracted all the gastrointestinal smooth muscle preparations... | [
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PMID:19592 | Interpretation of dissolution rate data from in vitro testing of compressed tablets. | To find if theoretically and experimentally a relation existed between the dissolution rate theory of Kitazawa, Johno & others (1975) and that of Wagner (1969), a study was undertaken with uncoated caffeine, aspirin and proxyphylline tablets using two dissolution methods. Although the original treatment for surface... | Interpretation of dissolution rate data from in vitro testing of compressed tablets. To find if theoretically and experimentally a relation existed between the dissolution rate theory of Kitazawa, Johno & others (1975) and that of Wagner (1969), a study was undertaken with uncoated caffeine, aspirin and proxyphylli... | [
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PMID:19593 | The extraction and analysis of benzodiazepines in tissues by enzymic digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography. | A simple, rapid and sensitive method is described for the analysis of unchanged benzodiazepine drugs and their metabolites, in human and animal tissues, using the proteolytic enzyme subtilisin Carlsberg followed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The enzymic digestion yields far higher recoveries than conventional... | The extraction and analysis of benzodiazepines in tissues by enzymic digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography. A simple, rapid and sensitive method is described for the analysis of unchanged benzodiazepine drugs and their metabolites, in human and animal tissues, using the proteolytic enzyme subtilisin Carl... | [
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PMID:19594 | Biochemical differentiation of amphetamine vs methylphenidate and nomifensine in rats. | Amphetamine-like stimulants were divided into two groups, one in which the stereotyped behaviour was not antagonized by reserpine [(+)-amphetamine, (-)-amphetamine, methamphetamine, phenmetrazine and phenethylamine] and another group in which the behavioural effects were blocked by reserpine (methylphenidate, nomifensi... | Biochemical differentiation of amphetamine vs methylphenidate and nomifensine in rats. Amphetamine-like stimulants were divided into two groups, one in which the stereotyped behaviour was not antagonized by reserpine [(+)-amphetamine, (-)-amphetamine, methamphetamine, phenmetrazine and phenethylamine] and another group... | [
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PMID:19595 | Neurochemical correlates of ethanol withdrawal: alterations in serotoninergic function. | Cessation of chronic ethanol administration, and elimination of ethanol from the body, results in a withdrawal syndrome in mice characterized by behavioural symptoms and hypothermia. During withdrawal, the accumulation rate of [14C] 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from [14C]tryptophan, was significantly lower in the brainst... | Neurochemical correlates of ethanol withdrawal: alterations in serotoninergic function. Cessation of chronic ethanol administration, and elimination of ethanol from the body, results in a withdrawal syndrome in mice characterized by behavioural symptoms and hypothermia. During withdrawal, the accumulation rate of [14C]... | [
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PMID:19597 | Identification of di- and tri-substituted hydroxy and ketone metabolites of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol in mouse liver. | In vivo liver metabolites of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta1-THC) were examined with a gas chromatograph--mass spectrometer--computer system as trimethylsilyl (TMS), [2H9]TMS and methyloxime-TMS derivatives. In addition to the reported monohydroxy, acid, and hydroxyacid metabolites, the following multiply substitut... | Identification of di- and tri-substituted hydroxy and ketone metabolites of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol in mouse liver. In vivo liver metabolites of delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta1-THC) were examined with a gas chromatograph--mass spectrometer--computer system as trimethylsilyl (TMS), [2H9]TMS and methyloxime-TMS d... | [
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PMID:19598 | Neutral in vivo metabolites of cannabinol isolated from rat faeces. | The in vivo transformation of cannabinol (CBN) in the rat has been studied. Unchanged CBN and nine neutral mono-oxygenated and dioxygenated CBN metabolites have been identified. In the mono-oxygenated series the metabolites occurred in decreasing order of prominence as follows: 7-hydroxy-CBN, 4''-hydroxy-CBN, 1''-hydro... | Neutral in vivo metabolites of cannabinol isolated from rat faeces. The in vivo transformation of cannabinol (CBN) in the rat has been studied. Unchanged CBN and nine neutral mono-oxygenated and dioxygenated CBN metabolites have been identified. In the mono-oxygenated series the metabolites occurred in decreasing order... | [
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PMID:19599 | Cannabinoid patterns in seedlings of Cannabis sativa L. and their use in the determination of chemical race. | We have examined the cannabinoid contents of seedlings from twelve strains of Cannabis of known chemical race. Fourteen days after emergence of the shoot those of the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) type could be distinguished from those of the cannabidiol (CBD) type. The true leaves of the THC type contained a relatively h... | Cannabinoid patterns in seedlings of Cannabis sativa L. and their use in the determination of chemical race. We have examined the cannabinoid contents of seedlings from twelve strains of Cannabis of known chemical race. Fourteen days after emergence of the shoot those of the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) type could be dis... | [
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PMID:19612 | Degradation of carmustine in aqueous media. | The degradation rate of carmustine was investigated in buffered aqueous media at several pH values. The buffering agents studied were those with potential use in parenteral formulations of this drug: acetate, citrate, and phosphate. The apparent first-order degradation rate constants were calculated using a linear regr... | Degradation of carmustine in aqueous media. The degradation rate of carmustine was investigated in buffered aqueous media at several pH values. The buffering agents studied were those with potential use in parenteral formulations of this drug: acetate, citrate, and phosphate. The apparent first-order degradation rate c... | [
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PMID:19613 | Spectrophotometric determination of cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibacterial. | A simple and specific method for the quantitative determination of cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibacterial, in finished bulk and dosage forms is reported. The method is based on reproducible degradation under controlled conditions to an unidentified species, which is measured spectrophotometrically at 375 nm. The pro... | Spectrophotometric determination of cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibacterial. A simple and specific method for the quantitative determination of cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibacterial, in finished bulk and dosage forms is reported. The method is based on reproducible degradation under controlled conditions to an un... | [
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PMID:19614 | High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, in blood and urine. | A method is described for extraction of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, from whole blood and urine with subsequent analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The drug is extracted from biological fluids with 1-octanol and back-extracted into dilute acid and then into a small volume of ethan... | High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, in blood and urine. A method is described for extraction of cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, from whole blood and urine with subsequent analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The drug is extr... | [
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PMID:19615 | Rate and proposed mechanism of anhydrotetracycline epimerization in acid solution. | The pathway through which the toxic tetracycline degradation product epianhydrotetracycline forms in solution was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography and circular dichroism, taking advantage of the large difference in ellipticity between the reactant and the product at 285 nm. The epimerization of anhy... | Rate and proposed mechanism of anhydrotetracycline epimerization in acid solution. The pathway through which the toxic tetracycline degradation product epianhydrotetracycline forms in solution was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography and circular dichroism, taking advantage of the large difference in el... | [
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PMID:19616 | Fluorometric determination of nadolol in human serum and urine. | To determine nadolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, in serum and urine, the drug is extracted into n-butyl acetate or ether from alkaline potassium chloride saturated samples. After back-extraction into 0.1 N HCl, the drug is oxidized with periodic acid; the resulting aldehyde is coupled with o-phenylenediamine... | Fluorometric determination of nadolol in human serum and urine. To determine nadolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, in serum and urine, the drug is extracted into n-butyl acetate or ether from alkaline potassium chloride saturated samples. After back-extraction into 0.1 N HCl, the drug is oxidized with periodic... | [
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PMID:19617 | Degradation kinetics of a substituted carbinolamine in aqueous media. | The apparent first-order breakdown of the medicinally active agent 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-ol was studied in aqueous solutions where dehydration gave the unsaturated compound 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-2-ethylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole. This thiazole was the primary solvolyt... | Degradation kinetics of a substituted carbinolamine in aqueous media. The apparent first-order breakdown of the medicinally active agent 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-ol was studied in aqueous solutions where dehydration gave the unsaturated compound 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro... | [
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PMID:19620 | An in vivo assay for the analysis of the biological potency and structure-activity relationships of narcotics: serum testosterone depletion in the male rat. | An in vivo method for the assessment of the agonistic-antagonistic activities and structure-activity relationships of the narcotics is described. The method, which is based on the depletion of serum testosterone levels by the narcotics in the male, satisfies all of the criteria necessary for a valid narcotic assay: 1) ... | An in vivo assay for the analysis of the biological potency and structure-activity relationships of narcotics: serum testosterone depletion in the male rat. An in vivo method for the assessment of the agonistic-antagonistic activities and structure-activity relationships of the narcotics is described. The method, which... | [
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PMID:19621 | Direct and beta adrenergic blocking actions of nadolol (SQ 11725) on electrophysiologic properties of isolated canine myocardium. | Effects of nadolol, a new beta adrenergic antagonist, were determined on transmembrane potentials of canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular and atrial muscle. Significant alterations in Purkinje fiber potentials occurred only with nadolol concentrations of 10(-4) M or greater. After 1 hour exposure to 10(-4) M, resting... | Direct and beta adrenergic blocking actions of nadolol (SQ 11725) on electrophysiologic properties of isolated canine myocardium. Effects of nadolol, a new beta adrenergic antagonist, were determined on transmembrane potentials of canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular and atrial muscle. Significant alterations in Purk... | [
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PMID:19627 | Synthesis and stereospecific antipsychotic activity of (-)-1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-trifluoromethylthio-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine. | The synthesis and resolution of 3-iodocyproheptadine [(+/-)-5a] and 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-iodo-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine [(+/-)-5b] are described. The resulting atropisomers undergo reaction with trifluoromethylthiocopper to give optically active products without extensive racemization. In thi... | Synthesis and stereospecific antipsychotic activity of (-)-1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-trifluoromethylthio-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine. The synthesis and resolution of 3-iodocyproheptadine [(+/-)-5a] and 1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-iodo-5H-dibenzo-[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)piperidine [(+/-)-5b] are descr... | [
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PMID:19628 | An approach to peripheral vasodilator-beta-adrenergic blocking agents. | The syntheses of 2-phenyl- and 2-pyridyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazoles having a 3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy moiety attached to the aryl or heteroaryl substituent are described. Structure--activity relationships based on results from an evaluation of these compounds for antihypertensive, vasodilating, and beta-adre... | An approach to peripheral vasodilator-beta-adrenergic blocking agents. The syntheses of 2-phenyl- and 2-pyridyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazoles having a 3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy moiety attached to the aryl or heteroaryl substituent are described. Structure--activity relationships based on results from an evaluati... | [
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PMID:19629 | Adrenergic agents. 6. Synthesis and potential beta-adrenergic agonist activity of some meta-substituted p-hydroxyphenylethanolamines related to salbutamol. | Salbutamol, an adrenergic receptor agonist with selectivity for tracheobronchial vs. cardiac muscle, differs from the catecholamine N-tert-butylnorepinephrine in that it bears a hydroxymethyl, rather than a phenolic, group in the meta position. In a search for new bronchodilating agents with minimal cardiovascular side... | Adrenergic agents. 6. Synthesis and potential beta-adrenergic agonist activity of some meta-substituted p-hydroxyphenylethanolamines related to salbutamol. Salbutamol, an adrenergic receptor agonist with selectivity for tracheobronchial vs. cardiac muscle, differs from the catecholamine N-tert-butylnorepinephrine in th... | [
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PMID:19630 | Central nervous system activity of a novel class of annelated 1,4-benzodiazepines, aminomethylene-2,4-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-1-ones. | The synthesis and CNS activity of a noval class of annelated 1,4-benzodiazepines, the aminomethylene-2,4-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepines, are described. An investigation of the structure--activity relationships in the series derived from 8-chloro-2,4-dihydro-2-dimethylaminomethylene-6-phenyl-1H-imidazo[1,... | Central nervous system activity of a novel class of annelated 1,4-benzodiazepines, aminomethylene-2,4-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-1-ones. The synthesis and CNS activity of a noval class of annelated 1,4-benzodiazepines, the aminomethylene-2,4-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepines, are described.... | [
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PMID:19634 | Congenital total hemihypertrophy and carcinoma of undescended testicle: a case report. | The first case of germinal cell tumor of the testis in a patient with congenital total hemihypertrophy is reported. The literature is discussed with emphasis placed on the frequent association of hemihypertrophy with oncogenesis and teratogenesis. We conclude that because of the high incidence of malignancy in the unde... | Congenital total hemihypertrophy and carcinoma of undescended testicle: a case report. The first case of germinal cell tumor of the testis in a patient with congenital total hemihypertrophy is reported. The literature is discussed with emphasis placed on the frequent association of hemihypertrophy with oncogenesis and ... | [
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PMID:19635 | Evaluation of cimetidine (tagamet). An antagonist of hydrochloric acid secretion. | Cimetidine, a potent H2-receptor antagonist, has been introduced for the treatment of various conditions associated with acid peptic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Preliminary results are encouraging. Adverse reactions do not appear to be substantial; however, the effect of long-term use has yet to be ascerta... | Evaluation of cimetidine (tagamet). An antagonist of hydrochloric acid secretion. Cimetidine, a potent H2-receptor antagonist, has been introduced for the treatment of various conditions associated with acid peptic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Preliminary results are encouraging. Adverse reactions do not ap... | [
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PMID:19636 | Neural blockade by local anesthetics. | Local anesthetics block nerve impulse propagation by occluding transmembrane sodium channels, so preventing depolarization. First, the uncharged lipid-soluble anesthetic base pentrates the membrane; then the positively charged cation binds to anionic components of the sodium channel's internal axoplasmic mouth. Though ... | Neural blockade by local anesthetics. Local anesthetics block nerve impulse propagation by occluding transmembrane sodium channels, so preventing depolarization. First, the uncharged lipid-soluble anesthetic base pentrates the membrane; then the positively charged cation binds to anionic components of the sodium channe... | [
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PMID:19637 | Aspiration of metallic mercury. A 22-year follow-up. | Rupture of the mercury-filled bag of an intestinal tube resulted in aspiration of metallic mercury 22 years ago in the patient reported. Immediate respiratory distress was treated with vigorous suctioning and postural drainage. Follow-up chest roentgenograms persistently showed radiopaque particles in the lungs. Signs ... | Aspiration of metallic mercury. A 22-year follow-up. Rupture of the mercury-filled bag of an intestinal tube resulted in aspiration of metallic mercury 22 years ago in the patient reported. Immediate respiratory distress was treated with vigorous suctioning and postural drainage. Follow-up chest roentgenograms persiste... | [
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PMID:19639 | L-asparaginase--antileukemia agent. | This paper describes the most recent development in the field of biosynthesis of L-Asparaginase by means of various culture, purification by Column Chromatography, informations of the Catabolite repression of L-Asparaginase and its metabolism in mycobacteria. The separation, purification studies, idea about the effect ... | L-asparaginase--antileukemia agent. This paper describes the most recent development in the field of biosynthesis of L-Asparaginase by means of various culture, purification by Column Chromatography, informations of the Catabolite repression of L-Asparaginase and its metabolism in mycobacteria. The separation, purifica... | [
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PMID:19642 | Pathogenesis of vascular injury in rejecting rat renal allografts. | Unmodified rejection of rat renal allografts was characterized by the early onset and rapid progression of endothelial damage in venules and capillaries which culminated in ischemic cortical necrosis. This pattern of endothelial injury correlated with lymphocyte accumulation in vascular lumens and could not be duplicat... | Pathogenesis of vascular injury in rejecting rat renal allografts. Unmodified rejection of rat renal allografts was characterized by the early onset and rapid progression of endothelial damage in venules and capillaries which culminated in ischemic cortical necrosis. This pattern of endothelial injury correlated with l... | [
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PMID:19645 | [Hemodynamic changes after angiotensin II blockade by saralasin (author's transl)]. | Saralasin, an angiotensin II inhibitor was infused in 10 hypertensive patients. A blood pressure reduction was achieved after stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-system by salt depletion. Heart rate and cardiac output failed to compensate for reduction of blood pressure. Thus circulatory reflex-mechanisms are inhibite... | [Hemodynamic changes after angiotensin II blockade by saralasin (author's transl)]. Saralasin, an angiotensin II inhibitor was infused in 10 hypertensive patients. A blood pressure reduction was achieved after stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-system by salt depletion. Heart rate and cardiac output failed to compens... | [
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PMID:19649 | Fine structural changes in dog myocardium exposed to lowered pH in vivo. | A surgical preparation that allows chemical alteration of the blood supplied to specific area of the intact heart was used to investigate the effects of lowered tissue pH on the fine structure of myocardial cells. Controlled infusion of isotonic saline acidified with HCl to a pH value between 1.0 and 2.0 produced a low... | Fine structural changes in dog myocardium exposed to lowered pH in vivo. A surgical preparation that allows chemical alteration of the blood supplied to specific area of the intact heart was used to investigate the effects of lowered tissue pH on the fine structure of myocardial cells. Controlled infusion of isotonic s... | [
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PMID:19653 | Metal complexes of poly(alpha-amino acids). A potentiometric and circular dichroism investigation of Cu(II) complexes of poly(L-lysine), poly(L-ornithine), and poly(L-diaminobutyric acid). | The conformational properties of cupric complexes of poly(L-lysine), poly(L-ornithine), and poly(L-diaminobutyric acid) have been investigated by potentiometric, visible and UV absorption, and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. The three polymers form two kinds of complexes stable at pH less than 8.5 (type I complexes... | Metal complexes of poly(alpha-amino acids). A potentiometric and circular dichroism investigation of Cu(II) complexes of poly(L-lysine), poly(L-ornithine), and poly(L-diaminobutyric acid). The conformational properties of cupric complexes of poly(L-lysine), poly(L-ornithine), and poly(L-diaminobutyric acid) have been i... | [
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PMID:19659 | The microbiology of chronic middle ear effusions in children. | Serous otitis media is the most common cause of hearing loss in childhood. Traditionally, this entity has been felt to be a sterile process. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of infected middle ear fluid in patients with asymptomatic middle ear effusions. The external auditory canal, nasopharynx and ... | The microbiology of chronic middle ear effusions in children. Serous otitis media is the most common cause of hearing loss in childhood. Traditionally, this entity has been felt to be a sterile process. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of infected middle ear fluid in patients with asymptomatic middl... | [
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PMID:19666 | [Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (author's transl)]. | This contribution presents data from the literature as well as our own results concerning the mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). 1. Blood chemistry: In patients with liver cirrhosis, the plasma levels of ammonia, phenylalanine, tyrosine, phenolic acids, and octopamine correlated with the stages of HE. Methionin... | [Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (author's transl)]. This contribution presents data from the literature as well as our own results concerning the mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). 1. Blood chemistry: In patients with liver cirrhosis, the plasma levels of ammonia, phenylalanine, tyrosine, phenolic acids... | [
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PMID:19672 | Effects of cyanide on peanut lipoxygenase. | Acidic and alkaline lipoxygenase isozymes were separated and assayed for activity while incubated in the presence of various concentrations of cyanide. Inhibition due to cyanide per se was not found. Instead, cyanide caused an increase in pH, which decreased the activity of the acidic isozyme to a rate corresponding to... | Effects of cyanide on peanut lipoxygenase. Acidic and alkaline lipoxygenase isozymes were separated and assayed for activity while incubated in the presence of various concentrations of cyanide. Inhibition due to cyanide per se was not found. Instead, cyanide caused an increase in pH, which decreased the activity of th... | [
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PMID:19671 | Alkaloids of papaver genus IX. Alkaloids of Glaucium vitellinum Boiss and Buhse, population Seerjan and Glaucium pulchrum Stapf, population Elika. | Glaucium vitellinum Boiss and Buhse. population Seerjan was shown to contain three major alkaloids, isocorydine (0.44%), protopine (0.42%), dicentrine (0.24%), and four minor alkaloids, tetrahydropalmatine (0.13%), muramine (0.12%), bulbocapnine (0.06%) and glaucine (0.01%). Glaucium pulchrum Stapf popllation Elika was... | Alkaloids of papaver genus IX. Alkaloids of Glaucium vitellinum Boiss and Buhse, population Seerjan and Glaucium pulchrum Stapf, population Elika. Glaucium vitellinum Boiss and Buhse. population Seerjan was shown to contain three major alkaloids, isocorydine (0.44%), protopine (0.42%), dicentrine (0.24%), and four mino... | [
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PMID:19681 | Simple assay for the condensation component enzyme (beta-ketoacyl synthetase) of fatty acid synthetase. | A simple assay is described for estimating the activity of the condensation component enzyme (beta-ketoacyl synthetase) of the yeast fatty acids synthetase complex. The radioactivity liberated as 14CO2 from [1,3-14C]malonyl-CoA was trapped in phenethylamine and measured by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. Three enzym... | Simple assay for the condensation component enzyme (beta-ketoacyl synthetase) of fatty acid synthetase. A simple assay is described for estimating the activity of the condensation component enzyme (beta-ketoacyl synthetase) of the yeast fatty acids synthetase complex. The radioactivity liberated as 14CO2 from [1,3-14C]... | [
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PMID:19682 | Effects of various acids and salts on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3145. | The effects of sodium chloride, sodium acetate, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, malonic acid, and sodium malonate on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus were investigated in synthetic media. Sodium chloride at concentrations equivalent to or greater than 12 g/100 ml inhibited growth and aflatoxin produ... | Effects of various acids and salts on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3145. The effects of sodium chloride, sodium acetate, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, malonic acid, and sodium malonate on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus were investigated in synthetic media. Sodium ch... | [
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PMID:19684 | [Constitutive synthesis of cellulase by Trichoderma lignorum]. | The induction of cellulase synthesis by lactose was studied in the resting cells of Trichoderma lignorum OM 534. The effect depended on the concentration of lactose, pH, and the age of the mycelium. The induction of the enzyme synthesis by lactose is supressed by glucose and its metabolites. The repression by glucose i... | [Constitutive synthesis of cellulase by Trichoderma lignorum]. The induction of cellulase synthesis by lactose was studied in the resting cells of Trichoderma lignorum OM 534. The effect depended on the concentration of lactose, pH, and the age of the mycelium. The induction of the enzyme synthesis by lactose is supres... | [
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PMID:19685 | [Characteristics of a new cyanophage lysing unicellular cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus]. | A new cyanophage S-2L growing on three strains of the cyanobacterium belonging to the Synechococcus genus has been isolated. The cyanophage has an icosahedral head, 56 nm in diameter, and flexible tail with a non-contracting sheath, 120 nm long. Over 95 per cent of the cyanophage particles are adsorbed within 10 min, t... | [Characteristics of a new cyanophage lysing unicellular cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus]. A new cyanophage S-2L growing on three strains of the cyanobacterium belonging to the Synechococcus genus has been isolated. The cyanophage has an icosahedral head, 56 nm in diameter, and flexible tail with a non-contract... | [
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PMID:19686 | [Chemical composition of cells of a chemostatic culture of Bacillus megaterium during exposure to an alkaline pH value]. | The culture of Bacillus megaterium was grown under chemostat conditions at a rate of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 hr-1, the growth being limited by a low content of citrate, and at alkaline pH values. Critical pH values were obtained for each growth rate: 9.6, 9.2 and 7.6, respectively. The content of protein decreased at alkaline... | [Chemical composition of cells of a chemostatic culture of Bacillus megaterium during exposure to an alkaline pH value]. The culture of Bacillus megaterium was grown under chemostat conditions at a rate of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 hr-1, the growth being limited by a low content of citrate, and at alkaline pH values. Critical p... | [
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PMID:19691 | Syrup of ipecacuanha as an emetic in adults. | The emetic actions of syrup of ipecacuanha have been evaluated in 105 adult patients presenting at the emergency department of the Royal Perth Hospital with a diagnosis of accidental or intentional poisoning. The australian Pharmaceutical Formulary (APF) and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) formulations of the syru... | Syrup of ipecacuanha as an emetic in adults. The emetic actions of syrup of ipecacuanha have been evaluated in 105 adult patients presenting at the emergency department of the Royal Perth Hospital with a diagnosis of accidental or intentional poisoning. The australian Pharmaceutical Formulary (APF) and the United State... | [
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PMID:19688 | Are the effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs on hyperactive children really paradoxical? | The improved "attention" exhibited by hyperactive children treated with amphetamine-like compounds is postulated to be related to a normal action of these drugs in producing stereotyped behavior. Such activity can be conceptualised as an increased "focusing" of attention, which would be expected to aid performance in t... | Are the effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs on hyperactive children really paradoxical? The improved "attention" exhibited by hyperactive children treated with amphetamine-like compounds is postulated to be related to a normal action of these drugs in producing stereotyped behavior. Such activity can be conceptualis... | [
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PMID:19693 | The firA gene, a locus involved in the expression of rifampicin resistance in Escherichia coli. II. Characterisation of bacterial proteins coded by lambdafirA transducing phages. | The firA gene probably codes for an essential component of the transcription machinery in E. coli. Bacterial proteins coded by lambdafirA transducing phages have been examined after infection of a UV-irradiated lambda lysogen, and 2 major fir-specific proteins have been characterized. The larger protein has a molecular... | The firA gene, a locus involved in the expression of rifampicin resistance in Escherichia coli. II. Characterisation of bacterial proteins coded by lambdafirA transducing phages. The firA gene probably codes for an essential component of the transcription machinery in E. coli. Bacterial proteins coded by lambdafirA tra... | [
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PMID:19696 | [Pyrivate kinase deficiency. II. Biochemical studies (author's transl)]. | Pyruvate kinase deficiency was studied biochemically in ten homozygous and seven heterozygous individuals who previously had been examined clinically and hematologically (see part I). In crude hemolysates some properties of the deficient enzymes were found to be altered. The pH optimum was shifted towards the alkaline ... | [Pyrivate kinase deficiency. II. Biochemical studies (author's transl)]. Pyruvate kinase deficiency was studied biochemically in ten homozygous and seven heterozygous individuals who previously had been examined clinically and hematologically (see part I). In crude hemolysates some properties of the deficient enzymes w... | [
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PMID:19697 | [Preoperative treatment of hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. | The preoperative preparation of hyperthyroidism requires the selective use of various drugs. As in the past, Plummer's iodine therapy takes precedence. Thyrostatics or beta receptor blockers, on the other hand, are only used in selected cases. The aim of preoperative preparation is euthyroidism. It is most rapidly and ... | [Preoperative treatment of hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. The preoperative preparation of hyperthyroidism requires the selective use of various drugs. As in the past, Plummer's iodine therapy takes precedence. Thyrostatics or beta receptor blockers, on the other hand, are only used in selected cases. The aim of pr... | [
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PMID:19698 | [Hypertension and anesthesia (author's transl)]. | Five to six millions of hypertensives live in the Federal Republic of Germany. Of these, about 70% are known to be hypertensives but only 30% are consistently treated. It is therefore not surprising that hypertension is one of the most common risk factors in patients who have to be operatively treated. The commonly app... | [Hypertension and anesthesia (author's transl)]. Five to six millions of hypertensives live in the Federal Republic of Germany. Of these, about 70% are known to be hypertensives but only 30% are consistently treated. It is therefore not surprising that hypertension is one of the most common risk factors in patients who... | [
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PMID:19702 | Natural history of lactic acidosis after grand-mal seizures. A model for the study of an anion-gap acidosis not associated with hyperkalemia. | To define the time course of the metabolic acidosis that follows a single grand-mal seizure, we obtained serial blood samples from eight consecutive patients. Immediately after a seizure, the mean (+/- S.E.M.) venous lactate concentration was 12.7 +/- 1.0 meq per liter, the mean carbon dioxide content 17.1 +/- 1.1 mmol... | Natural history of lactic acidosis after grand-mal seizures. A model for the study of an anion-gap acidosis not associated with hyperkalemia. To define the time course of the metabolic acidosis that follows a single grand-mal seizure, we obtained serial blood samples from eight consecutive patients. Immediately after a... | [
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PMID:19703 | Drug impairment reviews: other drugs. | This review will summarize a limited number of experimental studies concerning effects of tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, and antihistamine drugs, as well as combinations of these drugs with ethanol, on human performance related to driving. The first group of studies utilized batteries of psychological and/or psychomo... | Drug impairment reviews: other drugs. This review will summarize a limited number of experimental studies concerning effects of tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, and antihistamine drugs, as well as combinations of these drugs with ethanol, on human performance related to driving. The first group of studies utilized batt... | [
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PMID:19712 | Spontaneous hypoglycemia in end-stage renal failure. | Five men with end-stage renal failure had spontaneous hypoglycemia during lengthy hospitalizations. Four were cachectic, and all five had weight loss and poor caloric intake. Malnutrition were seen also in some of the ten previous case reports of hypoglycemia in renal failure. Impaired renal gluconeogenesis may allow h... | Spontaneous hypoglycemia in end-stage renal failure. Five men with end-stage renal failure had spontaneous hypoglycemia during lengthy hospitalizations. Four were cachectic, and all five had weight loss and poor caloric intake. Malnutrition were seen also in some of the ten previous case reports of hypoglycemia in rena... | [
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PMID:19713 | Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in intact and ovariectomized androgen-sterilized rats. | Serum LH changes in response to LH-RH injection were measured in intact and ovariectomized, steroid-treated female rats which were androgenized neonatally with 1,250 microgram testosterone propionate (TP) on day 5. At a dose of 20 ng LH-RH/100 g b.w., serum LH levels in intact rats increased over pre-injection levels, ... | Pituitary responsiveness to LH-RH in intact and ovariectomized androgen-sterilized rats. Serum LH changes in response to LH-RH injection were measured in intact and ovariectomized, steroid-treated female rats which were androgenized neonatally with 1,250 microgram testosterone propionate (TP) on day 5. At a dose of 20 ... | [
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PMID:19714 | Melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor (MIF): lack of dopaminergic and anticholinergic activity. | In a sensitive animal model under the control of a dopaminergic-cholinergic balance, showing striking similarity to the extrapyramidal system, MIF did not possess dopaminergic or anticholinergic properties either with acute or chronic administration of the drug. | Melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor (MIF): lack of dopaminergic and anticholinergic activity. In a sensitive animal model under the control of a dopaminergic-cholinergic balance, showing striking similarity to the extrapyramidal system, MIF did not possess dopaminergic or anticholinergic properties... | [
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PMID:19716 | Adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase of normal and denervated skeletal muscle. | Cyclic nucleotides mediate the intracellular effects of various extracellular influences. To explore the possibility that nerve-muscle influences are mediated by cyclic nucleotides, we studied the effect of denervation on the cyclase enzymes of rabbit gastrocnemius using the contralateral, unoperated limb as the contro... | Adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase of normal and denervated skeletal muscle. Cyclic nucleotides mediate the intracellular effects of various extracellular influences. To explore the possibility that nerve-muscle influences are mediated by cyclic nucleotides, we studied the effect of denervation on the cyclase enzy... | [
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PMID:19719 | Takayasu's syndrome in pregnancy. | Two cases of Takayasu's syndrome in pregnancy are presented. The obstetric courses of these women are compared with those of 7 others described in the literature. Symptoms of this rare condition may respond variably during pregnancy. Of the 9 women, 5 had worsening of their symptoms during gestation while 4 had milder ... | Takayasu's syndrome in pregnancy. Two cases of Takayasu's syndrome in pregnancy are presented. The obstetric courses of these women are compared with those of 7 others described in the literature. Symptoms of this rare condition may respond variably during pregnancy. Of the 9 women, 5 had worsening of their symptoms du... | [
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PMID:19721 | The role of mineral surfaces in the origin of life. | Adsorption of nucleoside phosphates on the surfaces of volcanic rocks has been studied. Differences in the absorption of some nucleoside phosphates on the surface of basalt cinder have been found. Differences in the adsorption of similar molecules on different mineral surfaces have also been shown. Different adsorptive... | The role of mineral surfaces in the origin of life. Adsorption of nucleoside phosphates on the surfaces of volcanic rocks has been studied. Differences in the absorption of some nucleoside phosphates on the surface of basalt cinder have been found. Differences in the adsorption of similar molecules on different mineral... | [
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PMID:19724 | Management of the child with recurrent asthma. | A rational approach to the evaluation of the child with chronic asthma has been presented. The importance of careful historical, physical, and pulmonary assessment is stressed, especially since asthma may exist without overt wheezing. General allergic as well as sequential pharmacologic management of this disease is al... | Management of the child with recurrent asthma. A rational approach to the evaluation of the child with chronic asthma has been presented. The importance of careful historical, physical, and pulmonary assessment is stressed, especially since asthma may exist without overt wheezing. General allergic as well as sequential... | [
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PMID:19725 | Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants. | Five infants with pneumococcal sepsis presented with respiratory distress and clinical signs of infection in the first day of life. Although there was no apparent epidemiological relationship among the patients, four of the five were seen within a 12-month period. Pneumonia, prolonged rupture of fetal membranes, and pr... | Early-onset pneumococcal sepsis in newborn infants. Five infants with pneumococcal sepsis presented with respiratory distress and clinical signs of infection in the first day of life. Although there was no apparent epidemiological relationship among the patients, four of the five were seen within a 12-month period. Pne... | [
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PMID:19722 | [Effect of the landscape and climate on the distribution of blood-sucking mosquitoes in Murmansk Province]. | According to its orographic characteristics and climate the Murmansk region represents a special landscape area of the Atlantic-Arctic zone with its peculiar zoogeographic characters. This specificity is clearly seen in the distribution of 19 species of bloodsucking mosquitoes over the above territory. Abundant and wid... | [Effect of the landscape and climate on the distribution of blood-sucking mosquitoes in Murmansk Province]. According to its orographic characteristics and climate the Murmansk region represents a special landscape area of the Atlantic-Arctic zone with its peculiar zoogeographic characters. This specificity is clearly ... | [
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PMID:19726 | The effects of pH on the conductance change evoked by iontophoresis in the frog neuromuscular junction. | The amplitude of the electrophoretically evoked end-plate potential increases with changing the pH of the bathing solution from 9.4 to 5.4 at room temperature. This change is not observed at lower temperature. The underlying current (e.p.c.I) is slightly decreasing at room temperature by lowering the pH. The relationsh... | The effects of pH on the conductance change evoked by iontophoresis in the frog neuromuscular junction. The amplitude of the electrophoretically evoked end-plate potential increases with changing the pH of the bathing solution from 9.4 to 5.4 at room temperature. This change is not observed at lower temperature. The un... | [
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PMID:19727 | An automatically balancing isolation amplifier for the decoupling of measuring systems with high impedances. | It is theoretically shown that different conditions of coupling and grounding cause error voltages with the simultaneous use of two high-impedance measuring systems (e.g. pH electrodes). By the use of special amplifiers using optical transmission systems these error voltages are prevented. The transmission characterist... | An automatically balancing isolation amplifier for the decoupling of measuring systems with high impedances. It is theoretically shown that different conditions of coupling and grounding cause error voltages with the simultaneous use of two high-impedance measuring systems (e.g. pH electrodes). By the use of special am... | [
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PMID:19729 | Shear degradation of DNA. | A concentric-cylinder flow-birefringence instrument is used to generate sufficient shear fields to break T2 DNA (M = 1.2 X 10(8)) and E. coli DNA (M = 2.5 X 10(9)) in dilute solution. Breakage is monitored in situ by measuring the change in birefringence relaxation after the flow has been stopped. The breakage of T2 DN... | Shear degradation of DNA. A concentric-cylinder flow-birefringence instrument is used to generate sufficient shear fields to break T2 DNA (M = 1.2 X 10(8)) and E. coli DNA (M = 2.5 X 10(9)) in dilute solution. Breakage is monitored in situ by measuring the change in birefringence relaxation after the flow has been stop... | [
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PMID:19730 | Rates of formation and thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA and DNA:DNA duplexes at high concentrations of formamide. | The thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA hybrids are substantially greater than those of DNA:DNA duplexes in aqueous electrolyte solutions containing high concentrations of formamide. Association rates to form DNA:DNA duplexes and DNA:RNA hybrids have been measured in these solvents. There is a temperature range in which DNA... | Rates of formation and thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA and DNA:DNA duplexes at high concentrations of formamide. The thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA hybrids are substantially greater than those of DNA:DNA duplexes in aqueous electrolyte solutions containing high concentrations of formamide. Association rates to form DNA:... | [
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PMID:19731 | The properties of native and denatured DNA in buoyant rubidium trichloroacetate at neutral pH. | Aqueous RbTCA is generally suitable as a buoyant solvent for both native and denatured DNA at neutral pH and room temperature. Native PM-2 DNA II, for example, is buoyant at 3.29 M salt, 25 degrees C; whereas the denatured strands band together at 4.52 M. Two properties of the solvent make this system uniquely useful f... | The properties of native and denatured DNA in buoyant rubidium trichloroacetate at neutral pH. Aqueous RbTCA is generally suitable as a buoyant solvent for both native and denatured DNA at neutral pH and room temperature. Native PM-2 DNA II, for example, is buoyant at 3.29 M salt, 25 degrees C; whereas the denatured st... | [
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PMID:19738 | Model for "charge-relay": acceleration by carboxylate anion in intramolecular general base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis by the imidazolyl group. | The effect of benzoate anion on intramolecular general base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis by the imidazolyl group in endo-5-[4'(5')-imidazolyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-endo-2-yl trans-cinnamate was examined in dioxane/H(2)O solutions. Benzoate anion exhibited a remarkable acceleration of the intramolecular general base-catalyze... | Model for "charge-relay": acceleration by carboxylate anion in intramolecular general base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis by the imidazolyl group. The effect of benzoate anion on intramolecular general base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis by the imidazolyl group in endo-5-[4'(5')-imidazolyl]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-endo-2-yl trans-ci... | [
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PMID:19739 | Superiority of interconvertible enzyme cascades in metabolite regulation: analysis of multicyclic systems. | Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase are prototypes for models of "closed" and "opened" bicyclic cascade systems. Steady-state functions relating the fractional activation of interconvertible enzymes to the concentrations of allosteric effectors and to the catalytic constants of the several ... | Superiority of interconvertible enzyme cascades in metabolite regulation: analysis of multicyclic systems. Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase are prototypes for models of "closed" and "opened" bicyclic cascade systems. Steady-state functions relating the fractional activation of interconve... | [
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PMID:19737 | [Enzyme immobilization on hydrated oxides of transition metals and aluminum]. | The immobilization of alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin and invertase on hydrated oxides of tin, titanium and aluminium was investigated. The degree at which the enzymes were bound upon immobilization was 83.2-2.6%. The amount of bound proteins was 64.2 mg/g carrier. The specific activity of enzymes reached the highest level... | [Enzyme immobilization on hydrated oxides of transition metals and aluminum]. The immobilization of alpha-chymotrypsin, trypsin and invertase on hydrated oxides of tin, titanium and aluminium was investigated. The degree at which the enzymes were bound upon immobilization was 83.2-2.6%. The amount of bound proteins was... | [
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PMID:19740 | Defective organization of actin in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with inherited adenocarcinoma. | In the cytoplasm of well-spread cultured normal fibroblasts, actin is organized into a network of cables that run the length of the cell just inside the adherent cell membrane. A diffuse matrix replaces the cables in fibroblasts that have become tumorigenic as a result of oncogenic transformation. We have found a simil... | Defective organization of actin in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with inherited adenocarcinoma. In the cytoplasm of well-spread cultured normal fibroblasts, actin is organized into a network of cables that run the length of the cell just inside the adherent cell membrane. A diffuse matrix replaces the cables ... | [
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PMID:19741 | A protonmotive force drives bacterial flagella. | Streptococcus strain V4051 is motile in the presence of glucose. The cells move steadily along smooth paths (run), jump about briefly with little net displacement (twiddle), and then run in new directions. They stop swimming when deprived of glucose. These cells become motile when an electrical potential or a pH gradie... | A protonmotive force drives bacterial flagella. Streptococcus strain V4051 is motile in the presence of glucose. The cells move steadily along smooth paths (run), jump about briefly with little net displacement (twiddle), and then run in new directions. They stop swimming when deprived of glucose. These cells become mo... | [
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PMID:19742 | Electrical stimulation of preganglionic nerve increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in sympathetic ganglia. | The effect of synaptic stimulation on tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase: L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] activity in the rat superior cervical ganglion was studied. The preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk was stimulated unilaterally at 10 Hz for 3... | Electrical stimulation of preganglionic nerve increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in sympathetic ganglia. The effect of synaptic stimulation on tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase: L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] activity in the rat superior cervical... | [
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PMID:19771 | Some characteristics of amnesia induced by FLA-63 an inhibitor of dopamine beta hydroxylase. | The amnesic effects of FLA-63, a potent dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor, were investigated in a food motivated spatial discrimination task. Groups of C57BL/6J mice were injected with either 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, 35 mg/kg or physiological saline 4 hr prior to training. Amnesia was observed 24 hr followi... | Some characteristics of amnesia induced by FLA-63 an inhibitor of dopamine beta hydroxylase. The amnesic effects of FLA-63, a potent dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor, were investigated in a food motivated spatial discrimination task. Groups of C57BL/6J mice were injected with either 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg... | [
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PMID:19772 | Use of DRL in differentiating anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties of CNS drugs. | Presented in this paper are the effects of chlorpromazine, clozapine, d-amphetamine and diazepam on DRL behavior in rats. D-Amphetamine and diazepam, which showed similar effects on response errors, could be identified on the basis of burst responding and drug interaction. Clozapine, a new antipsychotic agent which doe... | Use of DRL in differentiating anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties of CNS drugs. Presented in this paper are the effects of chlorpromazine, clozapine, d-amphetamine and diazepam on DRL behavior in rats. D-Amphetamine and diazepam, which showed similar effects on response errors, could be identified on the basis of bur... | [
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PMID:19784 | Plasticity in mammalian skeletal muscle. | While it has been recognized for many years that different limb muscles belonging to the same mammal may have markedly differing contractile characteristics, it is only comparatively recently that it has been demonstrated that these differences depend upon the motor innervation. By appropriately changing the peripheral... | Plasticity in mammalian skeletal muscle. While it has been recognized for many years that different limb muscles belonging to the same mammal may have markedly differing contractile characteristics, it is only comparatively recently that it has been demonstrated that these differences depend upon the motor innervation.... | [
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0.03... |
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