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PMID:19360 | Activation of botulinum toxins in the absence of nicking. | The derivative toxins purified from cultures of proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum types A and F were found to have been only partially nicked but were fully activated. Trypsinization of C. botulinum type B derivative toxin at pH 6.0 resulted in simultaneous activation and nicking, whereas at pH 4.5, activati... | Activation of botulinum toxins in the absence of nicking. The derivative toxins purified from cultures of proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum types A and F were found to have been only partially nicked but were fully activated. Trypsinization of C. botulinum type B derivative toxin at pH 6.0 resulted in simult... | [
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PMID:19362 | Action of atropine on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children. A pharmacocapnographic study. | In their earlier methodological model studies the authors confirmed the protective effect of atropine in inhalative acetylcholine provocation. In the present work the role of parasympatholysis is investigated in histamine-induced bronchospasm by the method. It was found that a protective effect was exerted in histamine... | Action of atropine on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children. A pharmacocapnographic study. In their earlier methodological model studies the authors confirmed the protective effect of atropine in inhalative acetylcholine provocation. In the present work the role of parasympatholysis is investigate... | [
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PMID:19364 | Thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic procedures for the determination of perazine and its metabolites in human body fluids. | The quantitative determination of perazine, a neuroleptic drug, and its metabolites in body fluids is difficult in view of the low concentrations to be expected under therapeutic conditions as well as of the problem of convenient detectors. Different methods for extraction and measurement of perazine concentration in b... | Thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic procedures for the determination of perazine and its metabolites in human body fluids. The quantitative determination of perazine, a neuroleptic drug, and its metabolites in body fluids is difficult in view of the low concentrations to be expected under therapeutic conditions a... | [
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PMID:19365 | A model for distinguishing between beta1-receptors which mediate a specific effect on the heart rate and those which mediate a positively inotropic effect. | The study was conducted in six healthy male volunteers aged between 20 and 30 years. Cardiac output was determined by means of the Swan-Ganz-thermodilution-method. A control-study was carried out, during which an isoproterenolinfusion with increasing doses was given. Fifty minutes after i.v. injection of a beta-recepto... | A model for distinguishing between beta1-receptors which mediate a specific effect on the heart rate and those which mediate a positively inotropic effect. The study was conducted in six healthy male volunteers aged between 20 and 30 years. Cardiac output was determined by means of the Swan-Ganz-thermodilution-method. ... | [
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PMID:19366 | Explanation of the observation of pancreatic ribonuclease activity at pH 4.5. | A recent conclusion that beef pancreas contained a molecular species of ribonuclease with intrinsically high activity at pH 4.5 has been found to be incorrect. The particular assay used in the earlier experiments gives anomalous results at acid pH in the presence of low concentrations of ions such as phosphate which wa... | Explanation of the observation of pancreatic ribonuclease activity at pH 4.5. A recent conclusion that beef pancreas contained a molecular species of ribonuclease with intrinsically high activity at pH 4.5 has been found to be incorrect. The particular assay used in the earlier experiments gives anomalous results at ac... | [
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PMID:19367 | Association-dissociation and denaturation behaviour of an oligomeric seed protein alpha-globulin of Sesamum indicum L. in acid and alkaline solutions. | The association-dissociation and denaturation behaviour of the major protein fraction, alpha-globulin of sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.), in acid and alkaline solutions in the ranges of pH 4.2-1.5 and pH 7-12 have been studied. The results of gel filtration, fluorescence and viscosity measurements indicate dissociatio... | Association-dissociation and denaturation behaviour of an oligomeric seed protein alpha-globulin of Sesamum indicum L. in acid and alkaline solutions. The association-dissociation and denaturation behaviour of the major protein fraction, alpha-globulin of sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.), in acid and alkaline solutions... | [
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PMID:19368 | Fluorescent labelling of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. | The thermophilic 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was inhibited upon specific modification of the -SH group of cysteine residues by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD-Cl) at pH 7.0. By using 20-100-fold molar excess of NBD-CL the reaction occurs slowly at pH 7.0 as a first or... | Fluorescent labelling of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. The thermophilic 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was inhibited upon specific modification of the -SH group of cysteine residues by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD-Cl) at pH 7.0. By... | [
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PMID:19369 | The possible role of dopamine in phenothiazine-induced hypothermia in rats: an application to DA hypothesis of schizophrenia. | Hypothermic effects of d-Amphetamine, chlorpromazine, a variety of other phenothiazines, ET495 and haloperidol in rats at 4 degrees C were measured separately and in combination. All the drugs produced some hypothermia. Among the phenothiazines, degree of hypothermia induced was found to be correlated with relative eff... | The possible role of dopamine in phenothiazine-induced hypothermia in rats: an application to DA hypothesis of schizophrenia. Hypothermic effects of d-Amphetamine, chlorpromazine, a variety of other phenothiazines, ET495 and haloperidol in rats at 4 degrees C were measured separately and in combination. All the drugs p... | [
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PMID:19370 | WIN 27,147-2 in the treatment of depression. An uncontrolled clinical study. | An uncontrolled clinical study with WIN 27,147-2 was conducted with 10 hospitalized depressed psychiatric patients. There was statistically significant improvement in the total scores of the HAM-D, BPRS and Zung; in the scores of all the factors of the HAM-D and Zung; in the scores of the anxiety/depression and activat... | WIN 27,147-2 in the treatment of depression. An uncontrolled clinical study. An uncontrolled clinical study with WIN 27,147-2 was conducted with 10 hospitalized depressed psychiatric patients. There was statistically significant improvement in the total scores of the HAM-D, BPRS and Zung; in the scores of all the facto... | [
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PMID:19375 | Some properties of hemoglobin Gun Hill. | Hb Gun Hill has been found in an asymptomatic black female living in Alabama; neither her parents nor her two siblings carry the variant. The deletion of five amino acid residues in the beta chain of Hb Gun Hill (alpha2beta2 91-95 deleted) causes this variant to have a high oxygen affinity, an interaction coefficient o... | Some properties of hemoglobin Gun Hill. Hb Gun Hill has been found in an asymptomatic black female living in Alabama; neither her parents nor her two siblings carry the variant. The deletion of five amino acid residues in the beta chain of Hb Gun Hill (alpha2beta2 91-95 deleted) causes this variant to have a high oxyge... | [
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PMID:19376 | A test tube method for quantitation of hemoglobin A2 using DE 52 cellulose. | A test tube method for quantitation of Hb A2 which is an adaption of the microcolumn chromatographic method is described. The method uses microangular DEAE cellulose (DE 52, microgranular and preswollen, Whatman Inc.) equilibrated with a 0.2 M glycine-0.1% KCN solution, pH 7.25. Hemoglobin A and F become bound to the r... | A test tube method for quantitation of hemoglobin A2 using DE 52 cellulose. A test tube method for quantitation of Hb A2 which is an adaption of the microcolumn chromatographic method is described. The method uses microangular DEAE cellulose (DE 52, microgranular and preswollen, Whatman Inc.) equilibrated with a 0.2 M ... | [
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PMID:19373 | The effect of different endotracheal suction procedures on arterial blood gases in a controlled experimental model. | In an anesthetized hypoxemic animal model, 15 seconds of endotracheal suctioning, using a suction pressure of --170 mm. Hg and endotracheal tube to suction catheter ratio of 1.87 to 1, produced a 13 mm. Hg fall in arterial oxygen tension. Oxygen tension did not return to control level even at 5 minutes after suctioning... | The effect of different endotracheal suction procedures on arterial blood gases in a controlled experimental model. In an anesthetized hypoxemic animal model, 15 seconds of endotracheal suctioning, using a suction pressure of --170 mm. Hg and endotracheal tube to suction catheter ratio of 1.87 to 1, produced a 13 mm. H... | [
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PMID:19377 | Isolation of high oxygen affinity hemoglobins. | This paper describes a method for isolating high oxygen affinity hemoglobins. It involves the selective derivatisation of the cysteine residue at position 93 in the beta chain. The iodoacetamide derivative of the high oxygen affinity hemoglobin was separated from the more negatively charged iodoacetic acid derivative o... | Isolation of high oxygen affinity hemoglobins. This paper describes a method for isolating high oxygen affinity hemoglobins. It involves the selective derivatisation of the cysteine residue at position 93 in the beta chain. The iodoacetamide derivative of the high oxygen affinity hemoglobin was separated from the more ... | [
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PMID:19380 | The activity and distribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (y-GT) in human lung cancers serially transplanted in nude mice. | Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (y-GT) activity and distribution were investigated in different types of human lung cancers (three epidermoid carcinomas, one large cell carcinoma) which were maintained by serial transplantation in nude mice. All transplanted tumour fragments were positive for the enzyme. In the epidermoi... | The activity and distribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (y-GT) in human lung cancers serially transplanted in nude mice. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (y-GT) activity and distribution were investigated in different types of human lung cancers (three epidermoid carcinomas, one large cell carcinoma) which were mai... | [
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PMID:19408 | Fortimicins A and B, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. II. Isolation, physico-chemical and chromatographic properties. | The aminoglycoside antibiotics fortimicins A and B produced by a naturally occurring strain Micromonospora sp. MK-70 were isolated from its fermentation beer. Fortimicins A and B were isolated as water-soluble, basic, white amorphous powders having molecular formula C17H35N5O6 and C15H32N4O5, respectively. Acid hydroly... | Fortimicins A and B, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. II. Isolation, physico-chemical and chromatographic properties. The aminoglycoside antibiotics fortimicins A and B produced by a naturally occurring strain Micromonospora sp. MK-70 were isolated from its fermentation beer. Fortimicins A and B were isolated as water-s... | [
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PMID:19409 | Fortimicins A and B, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. IV. In vitro study of fortimicin A compared with other aminoglycosides. | The in vitro antimicrobial activity of fortimicin A, the most active member of the fortimicin complex, was compared with that of amikacin, gentamicin, sagamicin and tobramycin against 352 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and other medically significant organisms. Against most of these organisms fortimicin and amikacin had... | Fortimicins A and B, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. IV. In vitro study of fortimicin A compared with other aminoglycosides. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of fortimicin A, the most active member of the fortimicin complex, was compared with that of amikacin, gentamicin, sagamicin and tobramycin against 352 strains... | [
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PMID:19410 | Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. I. Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on iodohippurate accumulation in rabbit renal cortical slices. | The effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the accumulation of O-125I-hippurate (OIH) in rabbit renal cortical slices were assessed in an attempt to establish an in vitro model for aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. Accumulation of OIH was measured after incubation of cortex slices in media containing aminoglycosides in ... | Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. I. Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on iodohippurate accumulation in rabbit renal cortical slices. The effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the accumulation of O-125I-hippurate (OIH) in rabbit renal cortical slices were assessed in an attempt to establish an in vitro model for am... | [
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PMID:19413 | Role of tissue hypermetabolism in stimulation of ventilation by dinitrophenol. | Several authors have hypothesized that tissue hypermetabolism accounts for increases in ventilation (VE) elicited by 2,4-dinitrophenol. However, some data in the literature indicate that stimulation of VE by isomers of dinitrophenol is unrelated to tissue metabolic rate. To test this latter concept, we compared three d... | Role of tissue hypermetabolism in stimulation of ventilation by dinitrophenol. Several authors have hypothesized that tissue hypermetabolism accounts for increases in ventilation (VE) elicited by 2,4-dinitrophenol. However, some data in the literature indicate that stimulation of VE by isomers of dinitrophenol is unrel... | [
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PMID:19414 | Column chromatographic analysis of barbiturates in their dosage forms. IV. Combinations with parabens. | The nature of the alkaline hydrolysis of some barbiturates in combinations with parabens (p-hydroxybenzoates) was studied with controlled variables, including temperature, viscosity, and concentrations of sodium hydroxide, barbiturate, and parabens. The kinetic studies showed that parabens could be completely hydrolyze... | Column chromatographic analysis of barbiturates in their dosage forms. IV. Combinations with parabens. The nature of the alkaline hydrolysis of some barbiturates in combinations with parabens (p-hydroxybenzoates) was studied with controlled variables, including temperature, viscosity, and concentrations of sodium hydro... | [
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PMID:19415 | Application of reverse phase ion-pair partition chromatography to drugs of forensic interest. | A method is described for determining a wide range of abused drugs by using 1 column, a single isocratic system, and a fixed wavelength (254 nm) ultraviolet detector. Paired-ion chromatography is performed on a reverse phase muBondapak C18 column. Acidic, basic, and neutral drugs, including their corresponding salts, c... | Application of reverse phase ion-pair partition chromatography to drugs of forensic interest. A method is described for determining a wide range of abused drugs by using 1 column, a single isocratic system, and a fixed wavelength (254 nm) ultraviolet detector. Paired-ion chromatography is performed on a reverse phase m... | [
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PMID:19416 | Comparison of two dioxygenases from Pseudomonas putida. | Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase were purified from the same strain of Pseudomonas putida. Molecular weights and subunit sizes were similar, but amino acid compositions showed some marked differences. | Comparison of two dioxygenases from Pseudomonas putida. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase and homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase were purified from the same strain of Pseudomonas putida. Molecular weights and subunit sizes were similar, but amino acid compositions showed some marked differences. | [
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PMID:19417 | Myxospore coat synthesis in Myxococcus xanthus: enzymes associated with uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylgalactosamine formation during myxospore development. | Activities of the enzymes glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2.), glucosamine 6-phosphate acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.4.), uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.23.), UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.7.), fructose 1,6-diphosphate phosphatase (EC 3.13.11.), L-glutamine-fruct... | Myxospore coat synthesis in Myxococcus xanthus: enzymes associated with uridine 5'-diphosphate-N-acetylgalactosamine formation during myxospore development. Activities of the enzymes glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2.), glucosamine 6-phosphate acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.4.), uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosa... | [
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PMID:19418 | Induction of the acetamidase of Aspergillus nidulans by acetate metabolism. | Growth tests and enzyme determinations strongly suggest that the acetamidase of Aspergillus nidulans is induced by a product of acetate metabolism rather than the substrate, acetamide. The cis-dominant mutation, amdI9, which is closely linked to amdS, the structural gene for the acetamidase, results in greatly increase... | Induction of the acetamidase of Aspergillus nidulans by acetate metabolism. Growth tests and enzyme determinations strongly suggest that the acetamidase of Aspergillus nidulans is induced by a product of acetate metabolism rather than the substrate, acetamide. The cis-dominant mutation, amdI9, which is closely linked t... | [
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PMID:19419 | Sodium ion-stimulated alpha-[1-14C]aminoisobutyric acid uptake in alkalophilic Bacillus species. | Alkalophilic Bacillus no. 8-1 grows well in alkaline media containing 2.5 to 5% NaCl. The uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) into the cells is stimulated by the addition of NaCl (Na+) up to a concentration of 0.2 M, but other monovalent cations such as K+, Li+, or NH4+ cannot substitute for Na+. The kinetic stu... | Sodium ion-stimulated alpha-[1-14C]aminoisobutyric acid uptake in alkalophilic Bacillus species. Alkalophilic Bacillus no. 8-1 grows well in alkaline media containing 2.5 to 5% NaCl. The uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) into the cells is stimulated by the addition of NaCl (Na+) up to a concentration of 0.2 M,... | [
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PMID:19420 | Metabolism of 6-aminonicotinic acid in Escherichia coli. | A late-log-phase culture of an Escherichia coli nadB pncA double mutant took up 6-[7-14C]aminonicotinic acid and excreted 6-[14C]aminonicotinamide. This mutant also accumulated intracellularly several radioactive compounds which have been tentatively identified as 6-amino analogs of compounds in the pyridine nucleotide... | Metabolism of 6-aminonicotinic acid in Escherichia coli. A late-log-phase culture of an Escherichia coli nadB pncA double mutant took up 6-[7-14C]aminonicotinic acid and excreted 6-[14C]aminonicotinamide. This mutant also accumulated intracellularly several radioactive compounds which have been tentatively identified a... | [
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PMID:19421 | Allantoin transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | Allantoin uptake in both growing and resting cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs by a low-Km (ca. 15 micrometer) transport system that uses energy that is likely generated in the cytoplasm. This conclusion was based on the observation that transport did not occur in the absence of glucose or the presence of din... | Allantoin transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Allantoin uptake in both growing and resting cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs by a low-Km (ca. 15 micrometer) transport system that uses energy that is likely generated in the cytoplasm. This conclusion was based on the observation that transport did not occur... | [
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PMID:19422 | Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate regulation of membrane energetics in Escherichia coli. | Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 lacking functional adenylate cyclase (cya) or the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) receptor protein (crp) were compared with their wild type to evaluate the role played by the cAMP-cAMP receptor protein complex in regulating this organism's membrane-associated bioenergetic fu... | Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate regulation of membrane energetics in Escherichia coli. Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 lacking functional adenylate cyclase (cya) or the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) receptor protein (crp) were compared with their wild type to evaluate the role played by the cAMP-cAM... | [
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PMID:19423 | Regulation of the Neurospora crassa assimilatory nitrate reductase. | Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-nitrate reductase from Neurospora crassa was purified and found to be stimulated by certain amino acids, citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Stimulation by citrate and the amino acids was dependent upon the prior removal of EDTA from the enzym... | Regulation of the Neurospora crassa assimilatory nitrate reductase. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-nitrate reductase from Neurospora crassa was purified and found to be stimulated by certain amino acids, citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Stimulation by citrate and the ami... | [
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PMID:19424 | Alteration of the Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase results in overproduction of the enzyme. | A mutational leading to glutamine auxotrophy was located near a 5-fluorouracil resistance marker in the citB-thyA region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. This mutation resulted in a glutamine synthetase with altered kinetic and feedback properties. The specific activity of manganese-stimulated glutamine synthetase ... | Alteration of the Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase results in overproduction of the enzyme. A mutational leading to glutamine auxotrophy was located near a 5-fluorouracil resistance marker in the citB-thyA region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. This mutation resulted in a glutamine synthetase with altered ki... | [
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PMID:19425 | Partial purification and characterization of L-lactate dehydrogenase isozymes from sweet potato roots. | Lactate dehydrogenase [L-lactate: NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27] was isolated from sweet potato root tissues. Two species of the enzyme (isozymes I and II) were separated by DE-52 cellulose column chromatography from healthy, cut, and black-rot diseased tissues. Isozymes I and II were purified from healthy and diseas... | Partial purification and characterization of L-lactate dehydrogenase isozymes from sweet potato roots. Lactate dehydrogenase [L-lactate: NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27] was isolated from sweet potato root tissues. Two species of the enzyme (isozymes I and II) were separated by DE-52 cellulose column chromatography fro... | [
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PMID:19426 | Studies on sterol-ester hydrolase from Fusarium oxysporum. I. Partial purification and properties. | 1. A search for a long chain fatty acyl sterol-ester hydrolase in microorganisms led to the isolation from soil of five strains belonging to Fusarium sp. which produced strong activity in the culture medium. 2. The cholesterol esterase from Fusarium oxysporum IGH-2 was purified about 270-fold by means of CaCl2 precipit... | Studies on sterol-ester hydrolase from Fusarium oxysporum. I. Partial purification and properties. 1. A search for a long chain fatty acyl sterol-ester hydrolase in microorganisms led to the isolation from soil of five strains belonging to Fusarium sp. which produced strong activity in the culture medium. 2. The choles... | [
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PMID:19427 | Isolation and partial characterization of the serum low density lipoprotein from bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. | The chemical and physical properties of bullfrog serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) were investigated. On a weight percentage basis, LDL contained cholesterol ester, 30.3%; cholesterol, 5.6%; triglyceride, 12.5%; phospholipids, 23.3%; and protein, 22.4%. The fatty acid compositions of triglycerides and major phospholi... | Isolation and partial characterization of the serum low density lipoprotein from bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The chemical and physical properties of bullfrog serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) were investigated. On a weight percentage basis, LDL contained cholesterol ester, 30.3%; cholesterol, 5.6%; triglyceride, 12.5... | [
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PMID:19428 | Separation of newly-synthesized RNA by organomercurial agarose affinity chromatography. | Mouse myeloma cells, MOPC-31C, were incubated in the presence of 2-thiouridine and newly-synthesized RNA which appeared to contain 2-thioUMP as a constituent was separated from preexisting RNA by affinity chromatography using organomercurial agarose as a support. Both pH and salt concentration greatly affected the spec... | Separation of newly-synthesized RNA by organomercurial agarose affinity chromatography. Mouse myeloma cells, MOPC-31C, were incubated in the presence of 2-thiouridine and newly-synthesized RNA which appeared to contain 2-thioUMP as a constituent was separated from preexisting RNA by affinity chromatography using organo... | [
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PMID:19429 | Interaction of Asp. melleus Semi-alkaline protease with benzeneboronic acid. | Benzeneboronic acid (BBA), a possible transition-state analog for serine proteases, was found to inhibit Asp. melleus semi-alkaline protease [EC 3.4.21.15]. The pH dependence of inhibitor constants was studied by the pH-stat method using N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester as a substrate at 25 degrees C. From the pH depend... | Interaction of Asp. melleus Semi-alkaline protease with benzeneboronic acid. Benzeneboronic acid (BBA), a possible transition-state analog for serine proteases, was found to inhibit Asp. melleus semi-alkaline protease [EC 3.4.21.15]. The pH dependence of inhibitor constants was studied by the pH-stat method using N-ace... | [
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PMID:19430 | Thermal denaturation of cytochromes c of horse cow, and Candida krusei in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride. | Thermal denaturation of cytochromes c of horse, cow, and Candida krusei in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride in the neutral pH region was studied by means of absorption and optical rotation measurements. The values of standard free energy change upon denaturation were estimated over the temperature range from 3 to 51 deg... | Thermal denaturation of cytochromes c of horse cow, and Candida krusei in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride. Thermal denaturation of cytochromes c of horse, cow, and Candida krusei in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride in the neutral pH region was studied by means of absorption and optical rotation measurements. The values ... | [
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PMID:19431 | Dihydrodipicolinate reductases from Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megaterium. | Dyhydrodipicolinate reductases were purified 100-fold from crude extracts of B. cereus and B. megaterium and their properties were compared with those of the reductase from B. subtilis. The molecular weights of the reductases of B. cereus and B. megaterium were fount to be 155,000 and 150,000, respectively. These reduc... | Dihydrodipicolinate reductases from Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megaterium. Dyhydrodipicolinate reductases were purified 100-fold from crude extracts of B. cereus and B. megaterium and their properties were compared with those of the reductase from B. subtilis. The molecular weights of the reductases of B. cereus and ... | [
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PMID:19432 | Two omega-amino acid transaminases from Bacillus cereus. | Bacillus cereus strain K-22 produced two distinct omega-amino acid transaminases, one catalyzing the transamination between beta-alanine and pyruvic acid and the other that between gamma-aminobutyric acid and alpha-ketoglutaric aic. The two enzymes were partially purified and separated from each other by various chroma... | Two omega-amino acid transaminases from Bacillus cereus. Bacillus cereus strain K-22 produced two distinct omega-amino acid transaminases, one catalyzing the transamination between beta-alanine and pyruvic acid and the other that between gamma-aminobutyric acid and alpha-ketoglutaric aic. The two enzymes were partially... | [
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PMID:19433 | Affinity labeling of adenine nucleotide-related enzymes with reactive adenine nucleotide analogs. II. Affinity labeling of phosphoglycerate kinase with a reactive AMP analog. | Affinity labeling of yeast and B. stearothermophilus phosphoglycerate kinases with a reactive AMP analog, N6-(p-bromoacetaminobenzyl)-AMP was examined. Complete loss of enzyme activity was observed when 1 mol of the reagent had reacted per mol of either enzyme. Results on the effect of pH and substrate addition on the ... | Affinity labeling of adenine nucleotide-related enzymes with reactive adenine nucleotide analogs. II. Affinity labeling of phosphoglycerate kinase with a reactive AMP analog. Affinity labeling of yeast and B. stearothermophilus phosphoglycerate kinases with a reactive AMP analog, N6-(p-bromoacetaminobenzyl)-AMP was exa... | [
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PMID:19435 | Effect of halide anions on the binding of FAD to D-amino acid oxidase and the tryptophanyl fluorescence of the apoenzyme. | The quenching of tryptophanyl fluorescence of native and denatured D-amino acid oxidase from hog kidney was measured. About 60% of the tryptophanyl fluorescence of the native apoenzyme was quenched by iodide at pH 8.3, and 25 degrees C. All of the tryptophanyl fluorescence of the apoenzyme in 6 M guanidine hydrochlorid... | Effect of halide anions on the binding of FAD to D-amino acid oxidase and the tryptophanyl fluorescence of the apoenzyme. The quenching of tryptophanyl fluorescence of native and denatured D-amino acid oxidase from hog kidney was measured. About 60% of the tryptophanyl fluorescence of the native apoenzyme was quenched ... | [
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PMID:19437 | Purification and some properties of rabbit stomach myosin. | Myosin from rabbit stomach was highly purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation in the presence of ATP and MgCl2, ultracentrifugation and Sepharose 4B chromatography. The myosin composed of one heavy and two light chains as determined by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of the light chains were the same ... | Purification and some properties of rabbit stomach myosin. Myosin from rabbit stomach was highly purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation in the presence of ATP and MgCl2, ultracentrifugation and Sepharose 4B chromatography. The myosin composed of one heavy and two light chains as determined by SDS-gel electrophoresi... | [
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PMID:19438 | Accumulation of phosphoenolpyruvate in red cells incubated with the phosphate ester in an acidified isotonic sucrose medium. | Accumulation of exogenous phosphoenolpyruvate against the concentration gradient was observed when human red cells were incubated in an acidified isotonic sucrose medium. Fluoride increased the apparent accumulation by inhibition of the intracellular metabolic interconversion of the phosphate compound. The accumulatio... | Accumulation of phosphoenolpyruvate in red cells incubated with the phosphate ester in an acidified isotonic sucrose medium. Accumulation of exogenous phosphoenolpyruvate against the concentration gradient was observed when human red cells were incubated in an acidified isotonic sucrose medium. Fluoride increased the ... | [
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PMID:19439 | A sensitive substrate for the clotting enzyme in horseshoe crab hemocytes. | An endotoxin-activated hemocyte lysate from horseshoe crab (Tachypleus and Limulus) was found to hydrolyze specifically BZ-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide, which was recently introduced as the substrate for assay of the blood coagulation factor, Factor Xa. Further, this amidase activity increased by increasing the conce... | A sensitive substrate for the clotting enzyme in horseshoe crab hemocytes. An endotoxin-activated hemocyte lysate from horseshoe crab (Tachypleus and Limulus) was found to hydrolyze specifically BZ-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide, which was recently introduced as the substrate for assay of the blood coagulation factor, ... | [
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PMID:19440 | Biosynthesis of glycogen in Neurospora crassa. Existence of a glucoproteic intermediate in the initiation process. | A soluble enzyme preparation (20,000 X g supernatant fraction), prepared from the mycelia of wild-type Neurospora crassa, was capable of transferring [14C]glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose into both trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble and TCA-insoluble macromolecule products in the absence of added primer. These reactions d... | Biosynthesis of glycogen in Neurospora crassa. Existence of a glucoproteic intermediate in the initiation process. A soluble enzyme preparation (20,000 X g supernatant fraction), prepared from the mycelia of wild-type Neurospora crassa, was capable of transferring [14C]glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose into both trichloroa... | [
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PMID:19441 | Studies on adrenaline-induced lipolysis in artificial lipid micelles. | Lipid micelles were prepared by incubating a mixture of glycerides (triolein, diolein, and monoolein), and lecithin in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C for 30 min. It was found that adrenaline stimulated the release of free fatty acids in a lipolytic system consisting of the lipid micelles and adipose tiss... | Studies on adrenaline-induced lipolysis in artificial lipid micelles. Lipid micelles were prepared by incubating a mixture of glycerides (triolein, diolein, and monoolein), and lecithin in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C for 30 min. It was found that adrenaline stimulated the release of free fatty acids i... | [
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PMID:19442 | Purification of lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum by chromatography on palmitoyl cellulose. | Palmitoyl cellulose was used to adsorb the extracellular lipase [triacylglycerol acyl-hydrolase EC 3.1.1.3] of Chromobacterium viscosum from crude enzyme solution, and the adsorbed enzyme was eluted with a suitable detergent, such as Adekatol 45-S-8 or Triton X-100. The enzyme was then purified by chromatography on a p... | Purification of lipase from Chromobacterium viscosum by chromatography on palmitoyl cellulose. Palmitoyl cellulose was used to adsorb the extracellular lipase [triacylglycerol acyl-hydrolase EC 3.1.1.3] of Chromobacterium viscosum from crude enzyme solution, and the adsorbed enzyme was eluted with a suitable detergent,... | [
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PMID:19443 | A correlation between the secondary structure of DNA and the reactivity of adenine residues with chloroacetaldehyde. | The rate of reaction of chloroacetaldehyde (0.039 M) with the "free" adenine residue in deoxyadenosine-5'-phosphate (dAMP) at pH 6.5 has been found to be nearly equal to that at pH 4.5. Practically 100% of the adenine is converted to a fluorescent product (epsilon-adenine residue) on incubation for 60 h at 37 degrees C... | A correlation between the secondary structure of DNA and the reactivity of adenine residues with chloroacetaldehyde. The rate of reaction of chloroacetaldehyde (0.039 M) with the "free" adenine residue in deoxyadenosine-5'-phosphate (dAMP) at pH 6.5 has been found to be nearly equal to that at pH 4.5. Practically 100% ... | [
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PMID:19444 | C-Terminal peptidyl-L-proline hydrolase activity of Aspergillus acid carboxypeptidase. | Aspergillus saitoi acid carboxypeptidase hydrolyzed C-terminal peptidyl-L-proline bonds and released the C-terminal proline from Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro and Z-Gly-Pro at pH 3.3. Proline liberated by the enzymic reaction was measured by a sensitive colorimetric ninhydrin method in glacial acetic acid at 513 nm. A Km value... | C-Terminal peptidyl-L-proline hydrolase activity of Aspergillus acid carboxypeptidase. Aspergillus saitoi acid carboxypeptidase hydrolyzed C-terminal peptidyl-L-proline bonds and released the C-terminal proline from Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro and Z-Gly-Pro at pH 3.3. Proline liberated by the enzymic reaction was measured by... | [
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PMID:19447 | Regulation of protein synthesis in hen's oviducts. II. Extracellular ovalbumin as an inhibitor of ovalbumin synthesis in the oviducts. | Washed, preincubated minced hen's oviducts, which contained low levels of extracellular and intracellular proteins, synthesized egg-white proteins actively. The addition of ovalbumin to the incubation medium resulted in inhibition of the synthesis of egg-white proteins by the washed, preincubated oviduct cells, while t... | Regulation of protein synthesis in hen's oviducts. II. Extracellular ovalbumin as an inhibitor of ovalbumin synthesis in the oviducts. Washed, preincubated minced hen's oviducts, which contained low levels of extracellular and intracellular proteins, synthesized egg-white proteins actively. The addition of ovalbumin to... | [
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PMID:19450 | Interaction of thiolsubtilisin with Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor, SSI. | Subtilisin BPN' was chemically converted to thiolsubtilisin and the interaction of this modified enzyme with Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) was examined. SSI competitively inhibited the esterolytic activity of thiolsubtilisin toward p-nitrophenyl acetate with a K1 value of 1.3 X 10(-5) M at pH 7.5 Spectrophoto... | Interaction of thiolsubtilisin with Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor, SSI. Subtilisin BPN' was chemically converted to thiolsubtilisin and the interaction of this modified enzyme with Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) was examined. SSI competitively inhibited the esterolytic activity of thiolsubtilisin toward p-... | [
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PMID:19451 | Effects of adenosine triphosphate on N-ethylmaleimide-induced modification of 30S dynein from Tetrahymena cilia. | Ciliary 30S dynein of Tetrahymena was investigated with regard to modification of the ATPase activity with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) in the presence of ATP. The elevation of enzyme activity due to the modification was largely repressed by addition of ATP at a concentration of 1 mM or more during preincubation of 20 h at 0... | Effects of adenosine triphosphate on N-ethylmaleimide-induced modification of 30S dynein from Tetrahymena cilia. Ciliary 30S dynein of Tetrahymena was investigated with regard to modification of the ATPase activity with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) in the presence of ATP. The elevation of enzyme activity due to the modificat... | [
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PMID:19452 | Collagenase of human skin basal cell epithelioma. | Collagenase of human basal cell epithelioma was purified by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex gel filtration and affinity chromatography on collagen-polyacrylamide gel. The collagenase, when partially purified, was found to have an approximate molecular weight of 50,000. The purified enzyme contained ... | Collagenase of human skin basal cell epithelioma. Collagenase of human basal cell epithelioma was purified by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex gel filtration and affinity chromatography on collagen-polyacrylamide gel. The collagenase, when partially purified, was found to have an approximate molecula... | [
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PMID:19453 | alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of phenyl acetate. Large Hammett's rho constant and participation of histidine-acylated intermediate. | A detailed examination of the mechanism of the hydrolysis of phenyl acetates by alpha-chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1] was carried out. The effective deacylation rate constants of some phenyl acetates obtained by titration of the acetyl-enzyme decreased at low substrate concentrations and showed anomalous pH dependences and ... | alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of phenyl acetate. Large Hammett's rho constant and participation of histidine-acylated intermediate. A detailed examination of the mechanism of the hydrolysis of phenyl acetates by alpha-chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1] was carried out. The effective deacylation rate constants of some... | [
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PMID:19454 | The occurence of a neutral protease and its inhibitor in rat peritoneal macrophages. | The lysate of the glycogen-induced macrophages in rat peritoneal exudate was fractionated by centrifugation and extraction into a water extract, 1 M KCl extract and residue fractions. Approximately 50% of the neutral protease activity toward casein in the lysate was recovered in the KCl extract fraction, which was prac... | The occurence of a neutral protease and its inhibitor in rat peritoneal macrophages. The lysate of the glycogen-induced macrophages in rat peritoneal exudate was fractionated by centrifugation and extraction into a water extract, 1 M KCl extract and residue fractions. Approximately 50% of the neutral protease activity ... | [
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PMID:19455 | Interactions of alpha-chymotrypsin with peptides containing tryptophan or its derivatives at the C-terminus. | The interaction between alpha-chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1] and peptide substrate or peptide inhibitor was investigated to determine how the secondary interaction influences the rate of hydrolysis or the binding and whether or not its effect is variable with alteration of the P1 residue which interacts with the specificit... | Interactions of alpha-chymotrypsin with peptides containing tryptophan or its derivatives at the C-terminus. The interaction between alpha-chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1] and peptide substrate or peptide inhibitor was investigated to determine how the secondary interaction influences the rate of hydrolysis or the binding an... | [
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PMID:19457 | Purification and properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | A procedure for the purification of aldehyde dehydrogenase from bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is reported. Treatment with acid, heat and organic solvents was avoided and chromatographic and filtration techniques in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride were mainly used. An affinity chromatography step... | Purification and properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A procedure for the purification of aldehyde dehydrogenase from bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is reported. Treatment with acid, heat and organic solvents was avoided and chromatographic and filtration techniques in the prese... | [
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PMID:19458 | Effects of phthalate esters on the latent ATPase and swelling of mitochondria. | Phthalate esters have shown to stimulate the latent ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] activity and induce mitochondrial swelling. Among the tested phthalate esters, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) exhibited the greatest activity, and the activity decreased progressively as the alkyl chain was lengthened or shortened. The DBP-stimulated A... | Effects of phthalate esters on the latent ATPase and swelling of mitochondria. Phthalate esters have shown to stimulate the latent ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] activity and induce mitochondrial swelling. Among the tested phthalate esters, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) exhibited the greatest activity, and the activity decreased pro... | [
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PMID:19459 | Properties of soluble rat brain histone lysine methyltransferase. | Histone-lysine methyltransferase has been solubilized from rat brain chromatin by repeated extraction with distilled water. The enzyme was further purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration. With chromosomal-bound histones as substrates, the enzyme methylated only the lysyl residues in histones H3 ... | Properties of soluble rat brain histone lysine methyltransferase. Histone-lysine methyltransferase has been solubilized from rat brain chromatin by repeated extraction with distilled water. The enzyme was further purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration. With chromosomal-bound histones as substra... | [
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PMID:19462 | Investigation of the relation of the pH-dependent dissociation of malate dehydrogenase to modification of the enzyme by N-ethylmaleimide. | The pH-dependent dissociation of porcine heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (L-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37) has been further characterized using the technique of sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation. The increased rate and specificity of the inactivation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase by ... | Investigation of the relation of the pH-dependent dissociation of malate dehydrogenase to modification of the enzyme by N-ethylmaleimide. The pH-dependent dissociation of porcine heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (L-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37) has been further characterized using the technique of se... | [
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PMID:19463 | Human kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Catalytic properties, subunit structure, and localization of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the light subunit. | Human kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase has been purified by a procedure involving Lubrol extraction, acetone precipitation, treatment with bromelain, and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150. The final preparation is a glycoprotein (molecular weight of approximately 84,000) composed of two non... | Human kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Catalytic properties, subunit structure, and localization of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the light subunit. Human kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase has been purified by a procedure involving Lubrol extraction, acetone precipitation, treatment with bromelain, and col... | [
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PMID:19464 | Steady state and equilibrium exchange kinetic studies of the sheep brain glutamine synthetase reaction. | The kinetic mechanism of the sheep brain glutamine synthetase has been examined by both initial rate kinetics using the glutamate analog beta-glutamate and by isotope exchange measurements at equilibrium. Results of the initial rate studies were compatible with a number of sequential mechanisms but not with a partially... | Steady state and equilibrium exchange kinetic studies of the sheep brain glutamine synthetase reaction. The kinetic mechanism of the sheep brain glutamine synthetase has been examined by both initial rate kinetics using the glutamate analog beta-glutamate and by isotope exchange measurements at equilibrium. Results of ... | [
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PMID:19467 | Purified proton conductor in proton translocating adenosine triphosphatase of a thermophilic bacterium. | 1. The membrane-integrated portion (TF0) of the proton translocating ATPase complex (TF0-F1) of the thermophilic bacterium PS3 was highly purified. Its proton-conducting activity was investigated in vesicles reconstituted from TF0 and phospholipids (TF0 vesicles). 2. The rate of proton conduction through TF0 was propor... | Purified proton conductor in proton translocating adenosine triphosphatase of a thermophilic bacterium. 1. The membrane-integrated portion (TF0) of the proton translocating ATPase complex (TF0-F1) of the thermophilic bacterium PS3 was highly purified. Its proton-conducting activity was investigated in vesicles reconsti... | [
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PMID:19468 | Manganese cytochrome c. Structure and properties. | Oxidized and reduced manganese cytochromes c, Mn Cyt c+ and Mn Cyt c, have been synthesized. Mn Cyt c+ and Fe Cyt c+ have identical electrophoretic and ion exchange mobilities. Mn Cyt c+ does not bind F-, CN-, or N3- ions; Mn Cyt c does not bind CO or O2. Mn Cyt c is very rapidly autooxidized by O2 even at -50 degrees.... | Manganese cytochrome c. Structure and properties. Oxidized and reduced manganese cytochromes c, Mn Cyt c+ and Mn Cyt c, have been synthesized. Mn Cyt c+ and Fe Cyt c+ have identical electrophoretic and ion exchange mobilities. Mn Cyt c+ does not bind F-, CN-, or N3- ions; Mn Cyt c does not bind CO or O2. Mn Cyt c is ve... | [
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PMID:19470 | Cobalt-substituted horseradish peroxidase. | Horseradish peroxidase can be reconstituted with cobalt porphyrin to give a cobaltic holoenzyme having physicochemical properties quite similar to those of the native ferric protein. The cobaltic protein (Co3+HRP) can be reduced to the cobaltous form (CoHRP), the analogue of ferroperoxidase and the reduced cobalt prote... | Cobalt-substituted horseradish peroxidase. Horseradish peroxidase can be reconstituted with cobalt porphyrin to give a cobaltic holoenzyme having physicochemical properties quite similar to those of the native ferric protein. The cobaltic protein (Co3+HRP) can be reduced to the cobaltous form (CoHRP), the analogue of f... | [
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PMID:19472 | Purification from hamster cells of the multifunctional protein that initiates de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. | Carbamyl-P synthetase (EC 2.7.2.9), aspartate transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.2), and dihydro-orotase (EC 3.5.2.3), the first three enzymes of the de novo pathway for synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides, have been co-purified as a single oligomeric protein from a mutant line of hamster cells selected for its ability to resi... | Purification from hamster cells of the multifunctional protein that initiates de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Carbamyl-P synthetase (EC 2.7.2.9), aspartate transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.2), and dihydro-orotase (EC 3.5.2.3), the first three enzymes of the de novo pathway for synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides... | [
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PMID:19473 | Activation by phosphate of yeast phosphofructokinase. | The activity of yeast phosphofructokinase assayed in vitro at physiological concentrations of known substrates and effectors is 100-fold lower than the glycolytic flux observed in vivo. Phosphate synergistically with AMP activates the enzyme to a level within the range of the physiological needs. The activation by phos... | Activation by phosphate of yeast phosphofructokinase. The activity of yeast phosphofructokinase assayed in vitro at physiological concentrations of known substrates and effectors is 100-fold lower than the glycolytic flux observed in vivo. Phosphate synergistically with AMP activates the enzyme to a level within the ra... | [
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0.017... |
PMID:19475 | Purification and properties of a T4 bacteriophage factor that modifies valyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli. | After T4 bacteriophage infects Escherichia coli, a peptide tau, produced under the control of a phage gene, binds to the host valyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase (EC 6.1.1.9) and thereby changes several of its physicochemical properties. The interaction of tau with the host enzyme was investigated in vitro after... | Purification and properties of a T4 bacteriophage factor that modifies valyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli. After T4 bacteriophage infects Escherichia coli, a peptide tau, produced under the control of a phage gene, binds to the host valyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase (EC 6.1.1.9) and thereby changes seve... | [
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0... |
PMID:19477 | A sodium-specific membrane permeability defect induced by phospholipid vesicle treatment of erythrocytes. | Treatment of human erythrocytes with phospholipid vesicles induces a selective membrane permeability defect which leads to osmotic lysis. The defective cells exhibit a massive sodium ion leak while maintaining normal impermeability to other cations, anions, and neutral small molecules. The sodium ion influx and resulti... | A sodium-specific membrane permeability defect induced by phospholipid vesicle treatment of erythrocytes. Treatment of human erythrocytes with phospholipid vesicles induces a selective membrane permeability defect which leads to osmotic lysis. The defective cells exhibit a massive sodium ion leak while maintaining norm... | [
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PMID:19480 | Interrelationship of carbohydrate metabolism and alkaline phosphatase synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis 749/c. | Membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/c is derepressed by glucose in complex and chemically defined media. In the presence of lactate, pyruvate, or succinate the synthesis is repressed. The lactate repression neither affects total protein synthesis nor inhibits penicillinase synthesis. Thus,... | Interrelationship of carbohydrate metabolism and alkaline phosphatase synthesis in Bacillus licheniformis 749/c. Membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/c is derepressed by glucose in complex and chemically defined media. In the presence of lactate, pyruvate, or succinate the synthesis is repr... | [
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0.047... |
PMID:19482 | J. Edouard Samson Address: the autonomic nerve supply of bone. An experimental study of the intraosseous adrenergic nervi vasorum in the rabbit. | The anatomy of the autonomic sympathetic vasomotor nerve supply of bone was studied in rabbits by methods of histochemistry, and fluorescent and electron microscopy. Our observations show that the intraosseous vessels are richly supplied by adrenergic nerves. The large primary nerves are located on or about the surface... | J. Edouard Samson Address: the autonomic nerve supply of bone. An experimental study of the intraosseous adrenergic nervi vasorum in the rabbit. The anatomy of the autonomic sympathetic vasomotor nerve supply of bone was studied in rabbits by methods of histochemistry, and fluorescent and electron microscopy. Our obser... | [
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PMID:19483 | Coordinate control of collagen synthesis and cell growth in chick embryo fibroblasts and the effect of viral transformation on collagen synthesis. | Using collagenase digestion as an assay for collagen in partially synchronized secondary cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts, we find that the rate of collagen synthesis remains at a constant fraction of overall protein synthesis (5%) regardless of the growth rate of the cells even when the rate of protein synthesis i... | Coordinate control of collagen synthesis and cell growth in chick embryo fibroblasts and the effect of viral transformation on collagen synthesis. Using collagenase digestion as an assay for collagen in partially synchronized secondary cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts, we find that the rate of collagen synthesis re... | [
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PMID:19484 | Effects of sugars on melanogenesis in cultured melanoma cells. | A permanent cell line C2M of mouse melanoma B16 was highly melanized in a modified Eagle's MEM supplemented with 10% calf serum, when the medium contained 1 mM galactose and 10 mM pyruvate instead of 5.5 mM glucose. The activity of the key anzyme for melanogenesis, tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1), of living cells cultured in... | Effects of sugars on melanogenesis in cultured melanoma cells. A permanent cell line C2M of mouse melanoma B16 was highly melanized in a modified Eagle's MEM supplemented with 10% calf serum, when the medium contained 1 mM galactose and 10 mM pyruvate instead of 5.5 mM glucose. The activity of the key anzyme for melano... | [
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PMID:19485 | The self-assembly of synthetic filaments of myosin isolated from Chaos carolinensis and Amoeba proteus. | Synthetic myosin thick filaments were formed from preparations of electrophoretically homogeneous myosin isolated from Chaos carolinensis and Amoeba proteus when dialysed to physiological ionic strength and pH. Myosin dialysed directly against low ionic strength buffers formed native-like thick filaments in the presenc... | The self-assembly of synthetic filaments of myosin isolated from Chaos carolinensis and Amoeba proteus. Synthetic myosin thick filaments were formed from preparations of electrophoretically homogeneous myosin isolated from Chaos carolinensis and Amoeba proteus when dialysed to physiological ionic strength and pH. Myosi... | [
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PMID:19488 | [Identification and quantitation of impurities from benorilate (Salipran) by high-performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. | High-performance liquid chromatography is used for identification and quantitation of impurities which may be encountered in a new antalgic, benorilate (or Salipran), an ester of aspirin with paracetamol. Gradient elution is carried out using a stationary phase consisting of porous 10-micron silica beads bonded to alky... | [Identification and quantitation of impurities from benorilate (Salipran) by high-performance liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. High-performance liquid chromatography is used for identification and quantitation of impurities which may be encountered in a new antalgic, benorilate (or Salipran), an ester of aspir... | [
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PMID:19490 | Purification of alpha-L-fucosidase from various sources by affinity chromatography. | An affinity column for alpha-L-fucosidases was constructed by linking p-amino-phenyl 1-thio-alpha-L-fucopyranoside to Sepharose 4B through linkers of succinyl 3,3'-diamino-dipropylamine. Excellent purification of alpha-L-fucosidase from rat epididymis, Clostridium perfringens and Limulus polyphemus (horse shoecrab) cou... | Purification of alpha-L-fucosidase from various sources by affinity chromatography. An affinity column for alpha-L-fucosidases was constructed by linking p-amino-phenyl 1-thio-alpha-L-fucopyranoside to Sepharose 4B through linkers of succinyl 3,3'-diamino-dipropylamine. Excellent purification of alpha-L-fucosidase from... | [
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PMID:19492 | Nickel gas chromatographic columns: an alternative to glass for biological samples. | Nickel tubing may be substituted for glass in the fabrication of gas chromatographic columns for use with samples of biological interest. Comparisons of separations of mixtures of steroids, narcotic alkaloids, phenothiazines, and amphetamines on stainless stell, glass, and nickel packed columns showed little or no obse... | Nickel gas chromatographic columns: an alternative to glass for biological samples. Nickel tubing may be substituted for glass in the fabrication of gas chromatographic columns for use with samples of biological interest. Comparisons of separations of mixtures of steroids, narcotic alkaloids, phenothiazines, and amphet... | [
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PMID:19495 | Analysis of water soluble vitamins by high pressure liquid chromatography. | Resolution of the water-soluble vitamins--pyridoxin, riboflavin, niacinamide, vitamin B12, thiamin, ascorbic acid, niacin and folic acid--by high pressure liquid chromatography was examined on two bonded-phase columns, muBondapak C18 and muBondapak NH2. The effect on the retention times of individual vitamins and the s... | Analysis of water soluble vitamins by high pressure liquid chromatography. Resolution of the water-soluble vitamins--pyridoxin, riboflavin, niacinamide, vitamin B12, thiamin, ascorbic acid, niacin and folic acid--by high pressure liquid chromatography was examined on two bonded-phase columns, muBondapak C18 and muBonda... | [
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PMID:19496 | Isolation of an obligately anaerobic Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood culture. | An obligately anaerobic strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from blood culture in a 14-month-old child with an upper respiratory tract infection. | Isolation of an obligately anaerobic Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood culture. An obligately anaerobic strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from blood culture in a 14-month-old child with an upper respiratory tract infection. | [
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PMID:19497 | Bicarbonate transport by rabbit cortical collecting tubules. Effect of acid and alkali loads in vivo on transport in vitro. | Rabbit cortical collecting tubules were perfused in vitro to investigate the control of bicarbonate transport. Bicarbonate was measured by microcalorimetry as total CO2. The perfusate and bath were identical solutions containing 25 mM bicarbonate at pH 7.4. The mean pH of the urine in the bladders of untreated rabbits ... | Bicarbonate transport by rabbit cortical collecting tubules. Effect of acid and alkali loads in vivo on transport in vitro. Rabbit cortical collecting tubules were perfused in vitro to investigate the control of bicarbonate transport. Bicarbonate was measured by microcalorimetry as total CO2. The perfusate and bath wer... | [
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PMID:19498 | Relationship between phosphaluria and acute hypercapnia in the rat. | Standard clearance studies were performed in mechanically ventilated intact and acutely thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats to document and characterize the effect of hypercapnia (HC) on urinary phosphorus excretion (U(P)V). HC as compared to normocapnia (NC) was associated with an increase in U(P)V in intact (62.5 v... | Relationship between phosphaluria and acute hypercapnia in the rat. Standard clearance studies were performed in mechanically ventilated intact and acutely thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats to document and characterize the effect of hypercapnia (HC) on urinary phosphorus excretion (U(P)V). HC as compared to normoca... | [
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PMID:19499 | Interactions among heparin, cold-insoluble globulin, and fibrinogen in formation of the heparin-precipitable fraction of plasma. | Fibrinogen and the cold-insoluble globulin of plasma (CIg) are the main protein components of the heparin-precipitable fraction of normal plasma. The interactions among these proteins and heparin were examined. Heparin formed a cold-precipitable complex with purified CIg or with mixtures of CIg and fibrinogen but not w... | Interactions among heparin, cold-insoluble globulin, and fibrinogen in formation of the heparin-precipitable fraction of plasma. Fibrinogen and the cold-insoluble globulin of plasma (CIg) are the main protein components of the heparin-precipitable fraction of normal plasma. The interactions among these proteins and hep... | [
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PMID:19500 | Effects of hypermetabolism on ventilation and chemosensitivity. | Muscular exercise is associated with hypermetabolism and increased hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). In order to dissociate mechanical and metabolic factors, the effect of hypermetabolism on hypoxic ventilatory response was evaluated at rest. Carbohydrate and protein feeding increases metabolic rate, and their effect... | Effects of hypermetabolism on ventilation and chemosensitivity. Muscular exercise is associated with hypermetabolism and increased hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). In order to dissociate mechanical and metabolic factors, the effect of hypermetabolism on hypoxic ventilatory response was evaluated at rest. Carbohydrat... | [
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PMID:19501 | The influence of thyroid hormones on in vitro erythropoiesis. Mediation by a receptor with beta adrenergic properties. | The erythropoietic effect of various thyroid hormones has been studied using erythroid colony formation by canine marrow cells. Although erythropoietin was required for colony growth, physiologic levels of thyroid hormones significantly enhanced colony numbers. The order of potency of the thyroid compounds in their in ... | The influence of thyroid hormones on in vitro erythropoiesis. Mediation by a receptor with beta adrenergic properties. The erythropoietic effect of various thyroid hormones has been studied using erythroid colony formation by canine marrow cells. Although erythropoietin was required for colony growth, physiologic level... | [
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PMID:19502 | Judgment of emotion among chronic schizophrenics. | This study investigated accuracy of judgment as to posed facial expressions and nonverbal scenes of various emotions. Ss were 16 male and 16 female chronic schizophrenics and a normal control group of equal size and sex composition. The results revealed that normal Ss were significantly more accurate than schizophrenic... | Judgment of emotion among chronic schizophrenics. This study investigated accuracy of judgment as to posed facial expressions and nonverbal scenes of various emotions. Ss were 16 male and 16 female chronic schizophrenics and a normal control group of equal size and sex composition. The results revealed that normal Ss w... | [
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PMID:19503 | The Brief Outpatient Psychopathology Scale (BOPS). | The pertinence of a rating scale capable of characterizing presenting psychopathology and measuring degrees of change for psychoneurotic patients treated in an outpatient setting is described. Data for 328 patients who represent 1191 rating profiles were used to develop the factor structure for the New Physician's Rati... | The Brief Outpatient Psychopathology Scale (BOPS). The pertinence of a rating scale capable of characterizing presenting psychopathology and measuring degrees of change for psychoneurotic patients treated in an outpatient setting is described. Data for 328 patients who represent 1191 rating profiles were used to develo... | [
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PMID:19504 | Patients' expectancies and improvement in treatment: the shape of the link. | It has been hypothesized (a) that patients' expectancies for therapeutic gain are linked to the clinical improvement that the patients realize in treatment; and (b) that patients' expectancies may play a causative role in such improvement. The first hypothesis has received empirical support, but the second has not. Thi... | Patients' expectancies and improvement in treatment: the shape of the link. It has been hypothesized (a) that patients' expectancies for therapeutic gain are linked to the clinical improvement that the patients realize in treatment; and (b) that patients' expectancies may play a causative role in such improvement. The ... | [
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PMID:19505 | Comparison of bumetanide and hydrochlorothiazide on renal potassium and hydrogen ion excretion. | The purpose of this study was to compare the renal electrolyte excretion pattern of bumetanide with that of hydrochlorothiazide in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. In bumetanide-treated animals, mean sodium excretion rose to 12 per cent of the filtered load, while hydrochlorothiazide increased sodium excretion to ... | Comparison of bumetanide and hydrochlorothiazide on renal potassium and hydrogen ion excretion. The purpose of this study was to compare the renal electrolyte excretion pattern of bumetanide with that of hydrochlorothiazide in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. In bumetanide-treated animals, mean sodium excretion ro... | [
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PMID:19507 | Twin crossover relative potency analgesic assays in man. II. Morphine vs. 8-methoxycyclazocine. | Using the twin crossover, balanced incomplete block design described in the previous paper, a double-blind determination of the relative analgesic potency of graded intramuscular doses of Win 20,836 (8-methoxycyclazocine) and morphine was carried out in patients with postoperative pain. Although no preliminary data at ... | Twin crossover relative potency analgesic assays in man. II. Morphine vs. 8-methoxycyclazocine. Using the twin crossover, balanced incomplete block design described in the previous paper, a double-blind determination of the relative analgesic potency of graded intramuscular doses of Win 20,836 (8-methoxycyclazocine) an... | [
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PMID:19511 | Reactivity and aggression in the rat: induction by alpha-adrenergic blocking agents injected ventral to anterior septum but not into lateral septum. | Intracranial injections were made bilaterally through permanently implanted cannulas ending in the lateral septum or in the region ventral to the anterior septum. The rats were first screened with injections of a local anesthetic, lidocaine, which blocks both synaptic and axonal conduction. Those animals that showed an... | Reactivity and aggression in the rat: induction by alpha-adrenergic blocking agents injected ventral to anterior septum but not into lateral septum. Intracranial injections were made bilaterally through permanently implanted cannulas ending in the lateral septum or in the region ventral to the anterior septum. The rats... | [
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PMID:19508 | Clinical pharmacokinetics of lorazepam. III. Intravenous injection. Preliminary results. | Four healthy male volunteers received 5 mg lorazepam as a single intravenous injection. Concentrations of lorazepam and its glucuronide metabolite were determined in multiple venous blood samples drawn during the 48 hours after dosing and in all urine collected during 96 hours after the dose. Mean pharmacokinetic param... | Clinical pharmacokinetics of lorazepam. III. Intravenous injection. Preliminary results. Four healthy male volunteers received 5 mg lorazepam as a single intravenous injection. Concentrations of lorazepam and its glucuronide metabolite were determined in multiple venous blood samples drawn during the 48 hours after dos... | [
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PMID:19506 | Twin crossover relative potency analgesic assays in man. I. Morphine vs. morphine. | Although the four-point relative potency assay using crossover design has proven a powerful technique for the clinical evaluation of analgesics in patients with chronic pain, excessive dropouts have made this design impractical in postoperative pain. In a relative potency assay comparing single graded intramuscular dos... | Twin crossover relative potency analgesic assays in man. I. Morphine vs. morphine. Although the four-point relative potency assay using crossover design has proven a powerful technique for the clinical evaluation of analgesics in patients with chronic pain, excessive dropouts have made this design impractical in postop... | [
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PMID:19510 | Evaluation of butaclamol in chronic schizophrenic patients. | In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, an attempt was made to evaluate butaclamol in chronic schizophrenic patients using chlorpromazine (CPZ) as the standard comparative drug. With doses up to 50 mg/day, butaclamol was shown to have significant antipsychotic activity comparable to CPZ but with a much higher inci... | Evaluation of butaclamol in chronic schizophrenic patients. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, an attempt was made to evaluate butaclamol in chronic schizophrenic patients using chlorpromazine (CPZ) as the standard comparative drug. With doses up to 50 mg/day, butaclamol was shown to have significant antipsyc... | [
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PMID:19514 | Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of carbuterol and metaproterenol. | Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to selective beta-adrenergic bronchodilators, carbuterol and metaproterenol, were studied during an asymptomatic period in 8 male subjects with bronchial asthma diagnosed as mile to moderate. On separate days each individual received either placebo, carbuterol 2 mg, carbuterol 4 m... | Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of carbuterol and metaproterenol. Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to selective beta-adrenergic bronchodilators, carbuterol and metaproterenol, were studied during an asymptomatic period in 8 male subjects with bronchial asthma diagnosed as mile to moderate. On separate days e... | [
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PMID:19509 | Clinical pharmacokinetics of lorazepam. IV. Long-term oral administration. | Fifteen healthy male volunteers received long-term daily treatment with oral lorazepam at doses as high as 10 mg per day for a period of 26 weeks. Steady-state plasma concentrations of lorazepam and its glucuronide metabolite were measured in all subjects at least every two weeks. At daily doses of 6 mg per day, the me... | Clinical pharmacokinetics of lorazepam. IV. Long-term oral administration. Fifteen healthy male volunteers received long-term daily treatment with oral lorazepam at doses as high as 10 mg per day for a period of 26 weeks. Steady-state plasma concentrations of lorazepam and its glucuronide metabolite were measured in al... | [
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PMID:19529 | The dispersal of cells from human gynecologic specimens: chemical agents. | An investigation of nonenzymatic chemical solutions for the dispersal of gynecologic cells in suspension was undertaken using known general information on the composition of cell surfaces and cell adhesive properties. Studies on human cells cultured in vitro showed that thiol reducing agents release microextension-medi... | The dispersal of cells from human gynecologic specimens: chemical agents. An investigation of nonenzymatic chemical solutions for the dispersal of gynecologic cells in suspension was undertaken using known general information on the composition of cell surfaces and cell adhesive properties. Studies on human cells cultu... | [
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PMID:19530 | The antibody response to the T1699 murine adenocarcinoma: antibody class and subclass heterogeneity detected in serum and in situ. | We have used indirect immunofluorescence to study antibody responses directed against membrane antigens expressed on in vitro and in vivo T1699 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgA, and IgM antibodies were present in the serum of DBA/2 mice bearing T1699 tumors; IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies were re... | The antibody response to the T1699 murine adenocarcinoma: antibody class and subclass heterogeneity detected in serum and in situ. We have used indirect immunofluorescence to study antibody responses directed against membrane antigens expressed on in vitro and in vivo T1699 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. IgG1, IgG2a, Ig... | [
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PMID:19532 | Sensitivity of amplifier T cells involved in the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide to anti-lymphocyte serum. | Amplifier T cells responsible for enhancement of the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide have been shown to be resistant to the effects of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) given at the time of immunization, a treatment that eliminates suppressor T cell activity. The resistance of amplifier T cells to AL... | Sensitivity of amplifier T cells involved in the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide to anti-lymphocyte serum. Amplifier T cells responsible for enhancement of the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide have been shown to be resistant to the effects of antilymphocyte serum (ALS)... | [
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PMID:19533 | Effect of concanavalin A on lymphocyte interactions involved in the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. II. Ability of suppressor T cells to act on both B cells and amplified T cells to limit the magnitude of the antibody response. | When administered 2 days after immunization with 0.5 microgram Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III), the T lymphocyte mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) stimulates a 2.6-to 7-fold enhancement of the plaque-forming cells (PFC) response to SSS-III in vivo. This enhancement requires the presence of amplified T cells... | Effect of concanavalin A on lymphocyte interactions involved in the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. II. Ability of suppressor T cells to act on both B cells and amplified T cells to limit the magnitude of the antibody response. When administered 2 days after immunization with 0.5 microgram Ty... | [
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PMID:19535 | The presence of immunoregulatory cells in chicken thymus: function in B and T cell responses. | The presence of immunoregulatory cells in chicken thymus was studied by using several different systems. Chickens injected with large numbers of syngeneic thymocytes were tested for their ability to produce antibody to heterologous red cells. Similar chickens were studied for their ability to reject allogeneic skin gra... | The presence of immunoregulatory cells in chicken thymus: function in B and T cell responses. The presence of immunoregulatory cells in chicken thymus was studied by using several different systems. Chickens injected with large numbers of syngeneic thymocytes were tested for their ability to produce antibody to heterol... | [
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PMID:19536 | Immune responses during measles infection in immunosuppressed Rhesus monkeys. | Rhesus monkeys immunosuppressed with horse anti-human thymocyte gamma-globulin (ATG) were infected with measles and simultaneously inoculated with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a thymus-dependent antigen, and with pneumococcal polysaccaride type III (SSS-III), a thymus-independent antigen. ATG treatment alone suppressed S... | Immune responses during measles infection in immunosuppressed Rhesus monkeys. Rhesus monkeys immunosuppressed with horse anti-human thymocyte gamma-globulin (ATG) were infected with measles and simultaneously inoculated with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), a thymus-dependent antigen, and with pneumococcal polysaccaride type... | [
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PMID:19538 | Cross-protective immunity to Gram-negative bacilli: studies with core glycolipid of Salmonella minnesota and antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae. | Two immunoprophylactic approaches to the control of infections caused by gramnegative bacilli were evaluated by study of experimental infections in animals. The core glycolipid antigen derived from the Re mutant of Salmonella minnesota R595 is shared by virtually all enteric bacteria, and immunization with this endotox... | Cross-protective immunity to Gram-negative bacilli: studies with core glycolipid of Salmonella minnesota and antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Two immunoprophylactic approaches to the control of infections caused by gramnegative bacilli were evaluated by study of experimental infections in animals. The core glycoli... | [
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