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PMID:22339 | Comparison of lorazepam and diazepam as premedicants. | A double-blind random study compared lorazepam with diazepam as i.m. premedicants in 84 healthy women undergoing uterine curettage. Anxiety, assessed by a self-rating test by the patient and by a trained observer, was reduced 90 min after both lorazepam (P less than 0.001) and diazepam (P less than 0.01). There was mor... | Comparison of lorazepam and diazepam as premedicants. A double-blind random study compared lorazepam with diazepam as i.m. premedicants in 84 healthy women undergoing uterine curettage. Anxiety, assessed by a self-rating test by the patient and by a trained observer, was reduced 90 min after both lorazepam (P less than... | [
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PMID:22341 | Epidermal nucleases. III. The ribonucleases of human epidermis. | Sodium acetate and sulphuric acid extracts of human epidermis can each be separated by chromatographic techniques into three or more fractions with ribonuclease activity. Eight of these fractions were compared with respect to molecular weight, pH activity profile, polyribonucleotide hydrolysis, and activity in the pres... | Epidermal nucleases. III. The ribonucleases of human epidermis. Sodium acetate and sulphuric acid extracts of human epidermis can each be separated by chromatographic techniques into three or more fractions with ribonuclease activity. Eight of these fractions were compared with respect to molecular weight, pH activity ... | [
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PMID:22342 | Enzymes of galactose metabolism in human hair roots. | Micro-methods, making use of radioactive substrates, are described for the quantitative estimation of galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activities in lysates of hair roots obtained from the human scalp. Enzyme assays can be carried out with fractions of one hair root. Both enzymes have been inv... | Enzymes of galactose metabolism in human hair roots. Micro-methods, making use of radioactive substrates, are described for the quantitative estimation of galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activities in lysates of hair roots obtained from the human scalp. Enzyme assays can be carried out with f... | [
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PMID:22344 | Tobacco mosaic virus protein: sedimentation equilibrium studies of the initial stages of polymerization. | The lowest stages of polymerization of tobacco mosaic virus protein were studied by means of high-speed sedimentation equilibrium experiments. Several distinct modes of polymerization were found. At pH 7.1 the expected monomer-trimer-higher polymer equilibrium was observed--very little dimer was detected at this pH. At... | Tobacco mosaic virus protein: sedimentation equilibrium studies of the initial stages of polymerization. The lowest stages of polymerization of tobacco mosaic virus protein were studied by means of high-speed sedimentation equilibrium experiments. Several distinct modes of polymerization were found. At pH 7.1 the expec... | [
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PMID:22345 | Factors affecting the adenosine triphosphate induced release of iron from transferrin. | The release of iron from transferrin was investigated by incubating the diferric protein in the presence of potential iron-releasing agents. The effective chemical group appears to be pyrophosphate, which is present in blood cells as nucleoside di- and triphosphates, notably adenosine triphosphate (ATP). An alternative... | Factors affecting the adenosine triphosphate induced release of iron from transferrin. The release of iron from transferrin was investigated by incubating the diferric protein in the presence of potential iron-releasing agents. The effective chemical group appears to be pyrophosphate, which is present in blood cells as... | [
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PMID:22346 | Gated proton conduction via the coupling factor of photophosphorylation modified by N,-N-orthophenyldimaleimide. | The membrane bound coupling factor of photophosphorylation is studied after pretreatment of broken chloroplasts with the bifunctional N,N-orthophenyldimaleimide under energization of the thylakoid membrane by mild flashing light. The proton conduction of the membrane is monitored both via the electrochromic absorption ... | Gated proton conduction via the coupling factor of photophosphorylation modified by N,-N-orthophenyldimaleimide. The membrane bound coupling factor of photophosphorylation is studied after pretreatment of broken chloroplasts with the bifunctional N,N-orthophenyldimaleimide under energization of the thylakoid membrane b... | [
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PMID:22349 | Effects of dietary vitamin B-2 and vitamin E on the delta9-desaturase and catalase activities in the rat liver microsomes. | The effects of dietary vitamin B-2 and vitamin E on delta9-desaturation of stearoyl-CoA, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and electron transport components in rat liver microsomes have been investigated. delta9-desaturase activities were decreased on diets deficient of vitamin B-2, E and suppleme... | Effects of dietary vitamin B-2 and vitamin E on the delta9-desaturase and catalase activities in the rat liver microsomes. The effects of dietary vitamin B-2 and vitamin E on delta9-desaturation of stearoyl-CoA, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and electron transport components in rat liver micro... | [
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PMID:22351 | The polymerization pattern of zinc(II)-insulin at pH 7.0. | Sedimentation equilibrium experiments were conducted at pH 7.0 using solutions of bovine insulin containing 2 mol of zinc(II) ions per six base-mol of insulin. A detailed analysis of these results revealed the existence of a stable zinc-insulin hexamer together with linked polymerization reactions. Specifically these a... | The polymerization pattern of zinc(II)-insulin at pH 7.0. Sedimentation equilibrium experiments were conducted at pH 7.0 using solutions of bovine insulin containing 2 mol of zinc(II) ions per six base-mol of insulin. A detailed analysis of these results revealed the existence of a stable zinc-insulin hexamer together ... | [
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PMID:22352 | On the molecular conformation of human haemopexin. I. Reactivity of the tyrosine and tryptophan side chains. | The reactivity of the aromatic side chains of Tyr and Trp in human haemopexin were studied by chemical modifications and analysis of spectrophotometric titration curves. It has turned out that: 1. Under non-denaturing conditions the aromatic rings of Tyr resisted both acetylation and nitration. 2. Three indole groups o... | On the molecular conformation of human haemopexin. I. Reactivity of the tyrosine and tryptophan side chains. The reactivity of the aromatic side chains of Tyr and Trp in human haemopexin were studied by chemical modifications and analysis of spectrophotometric titration curves. It has turned out that: 1. Under non-dena... | [
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PMID:22353 | Functional properties of normal and sickle cell hemoglobins in polyethylene glycol 6000. | The functional properties of human hemoglobin A and S were studied in concentrated solutions of polyethylene glycol. Polyethylene glycol solutions are frequently used as media for protein crystallization. In particular, sickle cell hemoglobin, which does not make X-ray quality crystals in high salt solutions, will form... | Functional properties of normal and sickle cell hemoglobins in polyethylene glycol 6000. The functional properties of human hemoglobin A and S were studied in concentrated solutions of polyethylene glycol. Polyethylene glycol solutions are frequently used as media for protein crystallization. In particular, sickle cell... | [
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PMID:22355 | Biosynthesis of beta-glucans by cell-free extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | Cell-free extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzed the incorporation of glucosyl residues from UDP-[U-14C]glucose into beta-1,3-glucans which contained a significant proportion of beta-1,6-glycosidic linkages. When GDP-[U-14C]glucose was used as substrate only trace amounts of glucose were incorporated. Activit... | Biosynthesis of beta-glucans by cell-free extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell-free extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzed the incorporation of glucosyl residues from UDP-[U-14C]glucose into beta-1,3-glucans which contained a significant proportion of beta-1,6-glycosidic linkages. When GDP-[U-14C]gluc... | [
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PMID:22359 | [Light-dependent uptake of hydrogen ions in chloroplasts and chromatophores: effects of hearing, solvents and detergents]. | The effects of heating, organic solvents and detergents on the light-dependent hydrogen ion uptake in chloroplasts and chromatophores and the coupled photophosphorylation were compared. It was shown that the membrane structure of the chromatophores is much more stable than that of the chloroplast thylacoids. The activa... | [Light-dependent uptake of hydrogen ions in chloroplasts and chromatophores: effects of hearing, solvents and detergents]. The effects of heating, organic solvents and detergents on the light-dependent hydrogen ion uptake in chloroplasts and chromatophores and the coupled photophosphorylation were compared. It was show... | [
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PMID:22360 | [Nad-dependent formate dehydrogenase from methylotrophic bacteria. Characteristics and stability of soluble and immobilized enzyme]. | pH-dependency is studied of kinetic parameters of the reaction catalyzed by NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from methylotrophic Bacterium spl strain. Values of Km for NAD and formate, and also of maximum reaction rate are found not to change within the pH range from 6 to 9. Role of SH-groups in the development of t... | [Nad-dependent formate dehydrogenase from methylotrophic bacteria. Characteristics and stability of soluble and immobilized enzyme]. pH-dependency is studied of kinetic parameters of the reaction catalyzed by NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from methylotrophic Bacterium spl strain. Values of Km for NAD and formate,... | [
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PMID:22357 | [Photoinduced inhibition and stimulation of respiration in cells of Halobacterium halobiums kinetics, action spectra, relationship to photoinduction of deltapH]. | Along with the inhibition illumination also causes the stimulation of the respiration of H. halobium R1 cells. When light is switched off photoinhibition of respiration (PIR) decays much faster (tau 1/2=12 sec) than photostimulation (PSR) (tau 1/2=60 sec). This allows the evaluation of the contribution of the each phas... | [Photoinduced inhibition and stimulation of respiration in cells of Halobacterium halobiums kinetics, action spectra, relationship to photoinduction of deltapH]. Along with the inhibition illumination also causes the stimulation of the respiration of H. halobium R1 cells. When light is switched off photoinhibition of r... | [
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PMID:22358 | [Form of the tropocollagen macromolecule]. | It has been shown with electron microscope that the form of the tropocollagen macro-molecule in solution is determined by hydrogen ions concentration. It is proposed that in native collagen fibrils the tropocollagen macromolecules have an unknown before form of rods with the thickened central part. Their length is abou... | [Form of the tropocollagen macromolecule]. It has been shown with electron microscope that the form of the tropocollagen macro-molecule in solution is determined by hydrogen ions concentration. It is proposed that in native collagen fibrils the tropocollagen macromolecules have an unknown before form of rods with the t... | [
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PMID:22369 | The early assessment for individualized treatment in the prune belly syndrome. | Patients with prune belly syndrome present a spectrum of abnormality, both in the abdominal wall and the urinary tract. Ureteral pathology has characteristic features and the ureter may be more severely involved at the bladder end than in its upper portion. Early neonatal investigation is required to determine which pa... | The early assessment for individualized treatment in the prune belly syndrome. Patients with prune belly syndrome present a spectrum of abnormality, both in the abdominal wall and the urinary tract. Ureteral pathology has characteristic features and the ureter may be more severely involved at the bladder end than in it... | [
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PMID:22370 | [Effect of dipyroxime on the concentration of nicotinamide coenzymes and adenylate nucleotides in the myocardium and liver of rats poisoned with phthalophos]. | Experiments were conducted on rats; in depression of blood cholinesterase activity by 68.6 percent phthalafos proved to decrease the myocardial nicotinamide coenzymes content on account of reduction in the amount of the oxidized forms. In the liver phthalafos diminished the content of oxidized and reduced forms of nico... | [Effect of dipyroxime on the concentration of nicotinamide coenzymes and adenylate nucleotides in the myocardium and liver of rats poisoned with phthalophos]. Experiments were conducted on rats; in depression of blood cholinesterase activity by 68.6 percent phthalafos proved to decrease the myocardial nicotinamide coen... | [
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PMID:22373 | Ammonia absorption from the canine colon after portacaval shunt. | Ammonia absorption was studied from Thirty-Vella colon loops in 6 dogs. Four underwent an end-to-side portacaval shunt and it was shown that absorption of ammonia from the colon significantly increased postoperatively. Absorption of ammonia from various solutions was also measured before and after portacaval shunt and ... | Ammonia absorption from the canine colon after portacaval shunt. Ammonia absorption was studied from Thirty-Vella colon loops in 6 dogs. Four underwent an end-to-side portacaval shunt and it was shown that absorption of ammonia from the colon significantly increased postoperatively. Absorption of ammonia from various s... | [
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PMID:22381 | Sequelae after the intravenous injection of three benzodiazepines--diazepam, lorazepam, and flunitrazepam. | The occurrence of thrombosis and phlebitis after intravenous injection of 10 mg diazepam, 4 mg lorazepam, or 1-2 mg flunitrazepam was studied on the second or third and the seventh to 10th days. A significantly higher incidence occurred with all drugs on days 7 to 10 than on days 2 and 3. Painless thrombosis occurred m... | Sequelae after the intravenous injection of three benzodiazepines--diazepam, lorazepam, and flunitrazepam. The occurrence of thrombosis and phlebitis after intravenous injection of 10 mg diazepam, 4 mg lorazepam, or 1-2 mg flunitrazepam was studied on the second or third and the seventh to 10th days. A significantly hi... | [
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PMID:22389 | Evidence concerning the anatomical location of the dopamine stimulated adenylate cyclase in the substantia nigra. | The dopamine (DA)-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the substantia nigra was assayed in rats which had been subjected to 3 different kinds of brain lesion: (1) unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the medial forebrain bundle; (2) unilateral lesions of the descending strio-nigral and pallido-nigral projections;... | Evidence concerning the anatomical location of the dopamine stimulated adenylate cyclase in the substantia nigra. The dopamine (DA)-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the substantia nigra was assayed in rats which had been subjected to 3 different kinds of brain lesion: (1) unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of ... | [
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PMID:22391 | The effects of postnatal hyper- and hypothyroidism on the development of D-amino acid oxidase in rat cerebellum and brain stem. | Treatment of rats with propylthiouracil for the first 30 days of postnatal life drastically retards the ontogenesis of D-amino acid oxidase in the brain stem and cerebellum. There is a marked terminal deficit of D-AAO in both the brain stem (--64%) and cerebellum (--67%) at 94 days (adults) despite the near euthyroid s... | The effects of postnatal hyper- and hypothyroidism on the development of D-amino acid oxidase in rat cerebellum and brain stem. Treatment of rats with propylthiouracil for the first 30 days of postnatal life drastically retards the ontogenesis of D-amino acid oxidase in the brain stem and cerebellum. There is a marked ... | [
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PMID:22394 | [Comparative affinity of several standard anti-secretory agents for the intestinal cholinergic receptors of of rats and dogs]. | Anticholinergic potentialities of four standard anti-secretory drugs (N-methyl-scopolammonium methylsulfate, atropine, diphemanil and prifinium) have been investigated with the help of molecular pharmacology techniques. The results gained with two different agonists (acetylcholine and carbachol) on rat and dog intestin... | [Comparative affinity of several standard anti-secretory agents for the intestinal cholinergic receptors of of rats and dogs]. Anticholinergic potentialities of four standard anti-secretory drugs (N-methyl-scopolammonium methylsulfate, atropine, diphemanil and prifinium) have been investigated with the help of molecula... | [
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PMID:22395 | Sodium nitroprusside: factors which attenuate its action. Studies with the isolated gracilis muscle of the dog. | In a laboratory preparation of the isolated, acutely denervated, and separately perfused canine gracilis muscle we have made the following observations: 1. At physiological pH, sodium nitroprusside significantly decreases the vascular resistance; 2. At physiological pH, cyanide significantly attenuates the effect of so... | Sodium nitroprusside: factors which attenuate its action. Studies with the isolated gracilis muscle of the dog. In a laboratory preparation of the isolated, acutely denervated, and separately perfused canine gracilis muscle we have made the following observations: 1. At physiological pH, sodium nitroprusside significan... | [
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PMID:22396 | Sex-limited and sex-modified genetic defects in swine--cryptorchidism. | Review of published data suggests that cryptorchidism in Chester Whites and Yorkshires is caused by completely penetrant, recessive genes at two autosomal loci; in Lacombes, multifactorial modes of inheritance are more plausible. Different genetic systems control presence of the trait vs. number of sides affected; left... | Sex-limited and sex-modified genetic defects in swine--cryptorchidism. Review of published data suggests that cryptorchidism in Chester Whites and Yorkshires is caused by completely penetrant, recessive genes at two autosomal loci; in Lacombes, multifactorial modes of inheritance are more plausible. Different genetic s... | [
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PMID:22397 | Medullary carcinoma of the human thyroid in monolayer culture: morphological and cytochemical correlations. | Mechanically or enzymatically dissociated cells from three human medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) were grown in monolayer culture for periods up to seven months. Cultures of each tumor contained clusters of small epithelial-like cells which were readily identified by phase contrast microscopy. Immunocytochemical stud... | Medullary carcinoma of the human thyroid in monolayer culture: morphological and cytochemical correlations. Mechanically or enzymatically dissociated cells from three human medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) were grown in monolayer culture for periods up to seven months. Cultures of each tumor contained clusters of sma... | [
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PMID:22398 | Placenta-like alkaline phosphatases from human osteosarcoma cells. | Hormone-induced alkaline phosphatases in human osteosarcoma cells (LM) were extracted and purified. Characterization of the purified enzyme showed two distinct isoenzymes. One isoenzyme was heat labile, was homoarginine inhibited, and had the electrophoretic migration of alkaline phosphatase of human osseous origin. Im... | Placenta-like alkaline phosphatases from human osteosarcoma cells. Hormone-induced alkaline phosphatases in human osteosarcoma cells (LM) were extracted and purified. Characterization of the purified enzyme showed two distinct isoenzymes. One isoenzyme was heat labile, was homoarginine inhibited, and had the electropho... | [
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PMID:22399 | Possible sites of origin of human plasma ribonucleases as evidenced by isolation and partial characterization of ribonucleases from several human tissues. | The ribonucleases (RNases) present in a number of human tissues, including heart, brain, lung, and kidney, were purified, partially characterized, and compared in their properties to the previously described RNases from human liver, spleen, pancreas, and serum. The enzymes appeared to fall into two major classes: liver... | Possible sites of origin of human plasma ribonucleases as evidenced by isolation and partial characterization of ribonucleases from several human tissues. The ribonucleases (RNases) present in a number of human tissues, including heart, brain, lung, and kidney, were purified, partially characterized, and compared in th... | [
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PMID:22401 | Mechanisms of hypercapneic pulmonary hypertension. | The mechanisms and potential mediator of hypercapneic pulmonary hypertension are incompletely understood. We studied 18 dogs, anaesthetised and spontaneously breathing both room air and after the inhalation of a gas mixture containing 10% CO2, 20.9% O2, and 69.1% N2, to determine the role of histamine, serotonin, and a... | Mechanisms of hypercapneic pulmonary hypertension. The mechanisms and potential mediator of hypercapneic pulmonary hypertension are incompletely understood. We studied 18 dogs, anaesthetised and spontaneously breathing both room air and after the inhalation of a gas mixture containing 10% CO2, 20.9% O2, and 69.1% N2, t... | [
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PMID:22402 | The innervation of the salivary gland of the tick, Boophilus microplus. | Salivary of the ixodid tick Boophilus microplus Canestrini are at least partially innervated by a branch of the pedipalpal nerve. Axons containing both large granular and smaller agranular vesicles were observed within the acini associated with all types of secretory cells. A modification of the Falk-Hillarp histochemi... | The innervation of the salivary gland of the tick, Boophilus microplus. Salivary of the ixodid tick Boophilus microplus Canestrini are at least partially innervated by a branch of the pedipalpal nerve. Axons containing both large granular and smaller agranular vesicles were observed within the acini associated with all... | [
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PMID:22404 | In vivo oxidation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate by paraquat and diquat in rat lung. | Intravenous injection of rats with 156 mumol/kg of paraquat or 140 mumol/kg of diquat produced, within 60 min, a sharp drop in the ratios of NADPH to NADP in lung. The effect persisted for a time period of at least 24 h. Exposure to 100% oxygen enhanced the toxicity of both compounds without substantially amplifying ch... | In vivo oxidation of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate by paraquat and diquat in rat lung. Intravenous injection of rats with 156 mumol/kg of paraquat or 140 mumol/kg of diquat produced, within 60 min, a sharp drop in the ratios of NADPH to NADP in lung. The effect persisted for a time period of at le... | [
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PMID:22405 | Protein and enzyme release from human leukocytes: influence of phenothiazine derivatives. | We studied the influence of chlorpromazine on the release of enzymes (beta-glucuronidase, EC 3.2.1.31; lactate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.27; pyruvate kinase, 2.7.1.40) and proteins using human granulocytes isolated and maintained at 37 degrees C. Chlorpromazine had a biphasic effect on enzyme release and the inhibition o... | Protein and enzyme release from human leukocytes: influence of phenothiazine derivatives. We studied the influence of chlorpromazine on the release of enzymes (beta-glucuronidase, EC 3.2.1.31; lactate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.27; pyruvate kinase, 2.7.1.40) and proteins using human granulocytes isolated and maintained at... | [
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PMID:22406 | In vitro cultivation of the sporogonic stages of Plasmodium: a review. | Complete and continuous in vitro development of the sporogonic stages of the malarial parasite has not yet been accomplished, although success with erythrocytic stages (falciparum malaria) and exoerythrocytic stages (avian malaria) has been achieved. This lag in progress appears to be due to several inherent difference... | In vitro cultivation of the sporogonic stages of Plasmodium: a review. Complete and continuous in vitro development of the sporogonic stages of the malarial parasite has not yet been accomplished, although success with erythrocytic stages (falciparum malaria) and exoerythrocytic stages (avian malaria) has been achieved... | [
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PMID:22407 | Biochemical and technical considerations regarding the mass production of certain parasitic protozoa. | This article summarizes the most relevant biochemical knowledge about growth factors as specific essential components of culture media, and calls attention to their significance with respect to the mass cultivation of some parasitic protozoa-e.g., Trypanosoma and Leishmania spp. and amoebae. Details of recent developme... | Biochemical and technical considerations regarding the mass production of certain parasitic protozoa. This article summarizes the most relevant biochemical knowledge about growth factors as specific essential components of culture media, and calls attention to their significance with respect to the mass cultivation of ... | [
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PMID:22408 | Direct micromethod for colorimetry of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity, with use of a linear standard curve. | Determination of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) activity can be a valuable diagnostic tool in the detection of liver diseases involving cytolytic processes. I describe a micromethod for measuring this activity in serum, in which the reaction product, citrulline, is measured colorimetrically in the in... | Direct micromethod for colorimetry of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity, with use of a linear standard curve. Determination of serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) activity can be a valuable diagnostic tool in the detection of liver diseases involving cytolytic processes. I describe a micrometh... | [
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PMID:22409 | Optimization of methods for aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. | Conditions for accurate measurement of catalytic activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in human serum have been reinvestigated. The basic variables (kind of buffer, buffer concentration, pH, ion effects, and the influence of pyridoxal-5-phosphate) can now be considered optimized. On this b... | Optimization of methods for aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Conditions for accurate measurement of catalytic activity of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in human serum have been reinvestigated. The basic variables (kind of buffer, buffer concentration, pH, ion effects, a... | [
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PMID:22410 | Use of magnesium silicate before gas-liquid chromatography for determination of "total estrogens" in urine during pregnancy. | The authors propose a simple, rapid, reproducible and reliable method for determination of "total estrogens" in urine during the last three months of pregnancy. The procedure consists of separation of free urinary estrogens, obtained after rapid hydrolysis, on a column of magnesium silicate. The estrogens are adsorbed ... | Use of magnesium silicate before gas-liquid chromatography for determination of "total estrogens" in urine during pregnancy. The authors propose a simple, rapid, reproducible and reliable method for determination of "total estrogens" in urine during the last three months of pregnancy. The procedure consists of separati... | [
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PMID:22411 | Measurement of the alpha-mannosidase activities in human plasma by a differential assay. | A differential assay based on their difference in thermal stability has been used to measure the acidic and true intermediate alpha-mannosidases in the plasma of cntrols and individuals homozygous or heterozygous for mannosidosis. The intermediate activity was found to be independent of age, sex or mannosidosis genotyp... | Measurement of the alpha-mannosidase activities in human plasma by a differential assay. A differential assay based on their difference in thermal stability has been used to measure the acidic and true intermediate alpha-mannosidases in the plasma of cntrols and individuals homozygous or heterozygous for mannosidosis. ... | [
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PMID:22413 | The sympathetic system in hypertension. | Several experimental observations accumulated during recent years have suggested an active participation of the sympathetic system in the pathogenesis and maintenance of hypertension in various experimental models of hypertension. The evaluation of sympathetic tone by various indirect means in human hypertension has al... | The sympathetic system in hypertension. Several experimental observations accumulated during recent years have suggested an active participation of the sympathetic system in the pathogenesis and maintenance of hypertension in various experimental models of hypertension. The evaluation of sympathetic tone by various ind... | [
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PMID:22415 | Phaeochromocytoma. | Factors involved in the evaluation and care of patients with phaeochromocytoma have been discussed with respect to important considerations for the consulting or practising physician. Historical, physical, biochemical and other diagnostic procedures, as well as therapeutic manoeuvres have been adequately documented so ... | Phaeochromocytoma. Factors involved in the evaluation and care of patients with phaeochromocytoma have been discussed with respect to important considerations for the consulting or practising physician. Historical, physical, biochemical and other diagnostic procedures, as well as therapeutic manoeuvres have been adequa... | [
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PMID:22418 | Do stimulant drugs improve the academic performance of hyperkinetic children? A review of outcome studies. | Stimulant drug studies based primarily on measures of teacher opinion have frequently concluded that these drugs improve the achievement of hyperkinetic children. However, a review of those studies using more objective measures of academic performance revealed few positive short-term or long-term drug effects on these ... | Do stimulant drugs improve the academic performance of hyperkinetic children? A review of outcome studies. Stimulant drug studies based primarily on measures of teacher opinion have frequently concluded that these drugs improve the achievement of hyperkinetic children. However, a review of those studies using more obje... | [
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PMID:22416 | Antiarrhythmic properties of 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy)propoxy-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril hydrochloride (OPC-1085), a newly synthesized, potent beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist. | 1. The antiarrhythmic properties of 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy)propoxy-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril hydrochloride (opc-1085) were compared with those of propranolol and pindolol using various kinds of preparations for experimental arrhythmia in dogs. 2. Although OPC-1085 was the most potent drug to antagonize adrenaline-... | Antiarrhythmic properties of 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy)propoxy-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril hydrochloride (OPC-1085), a newly synthesized, potent beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist. 1. The antiarrhythmic properties of 5-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxy)propoxy-3,4-dihydrocarbostyril hydrochloride (opc-1085) were compared with t... | [
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PMID:22419 | A model for evaluation of antianxiety drugs with the use of experimentally induced stress: Comparison of nabilone and diazepam. | Volunteer subjects were used to compare a potential antianxiety drug (nabilone, 2-mg single doses) with a standard drug (diazepam, 5-mg single doses). A double-masked design with placebo control was used. Volunteer subjects were selected on the basis of high levels of train anxiety and were tested by two anxiety-induci... | A model for evaluation of antianxiety drugs with the use of experimentally induced stress: Comparison of nabilone and diazepam. Volunteer subjects were used to compare a potential antianxiety drug (nabilone, 2-mg single doses) with a standard drug (diazepam, 5-mg single doses). A double-masked design with placebo contr... | [
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PMID:22420 | Intracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration as determined in biopsy samples from the quadriceps muscle of man at rest. | 1. A method for measuring intracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration of human muscle is described. 2. Muscle biopsies from the quadriceps muscle of 13 healthy subjects at rest were analysed for acid-labile carbon dioxide and volume of extra- and intra-cellular water. Extracellular water volume was estimated from th... | Intracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration as determined in biopsy samples from the quadriceps muscle of man at rest. 1. A method for measuring intracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration of human muscle is described. 2. Muscle biopsies from the quadriceps muscle of 13 healthy subjects at rest were analysed for ... | [
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PMID:22421 | Urine electrolyte response to 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone in normal man. | 1. To assess whether the adrenal corticosteroid 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone [18-(OH)-DOC] affects urine electrolyte excretion in normal man, seven male volunteers received 120 microgram (353 nmol) intravenously in 1 h. This was compared with glucose (50 g/l; control) and aldosterone (80 microgram, 222 nmol) infus... | Urine electrolyte response to 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone in normal man. 1. To assess whether the adrenal corticosteroid 18-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone [18-(OH)-DOC] affects urine electrolyte excretion in normal man, seven male volunteers received 120 microgram (353 nmol) intravenously in 1 h. This was compare... | [
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PMID:22417 | Drug kinetics and artificial kidneys. | The factors affecting solute movement across the membrane during haemodialysis are well understood. Likewise the mathematics of drug kinetics are well described. However, studies of the effects of artificial kidneys on drug kinetics have often been limited by a lack of attention to proper methods of calculating solute ... | Drug kinetics and artificial kidneys. The factors affecting solute movement across the membrane during haemodialysis are well understood. Likewise the mathematics of drug kinetics are well described. However, studies of the effects of artificial kidneys on drug kinetics have often been limited by a lack of attention to... | [
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PMID:22426 | Haemodynamic observations with KO. 1366 (bunitrolol), a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent. | The haemodynamic effects of a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent KO.1366 (bunitrolol) were assessed in 10 males admitted to hospital for investigation of chest pain. Measurements were made at rest, during atrial pacing at 100 beats/min, and during hand grip exercise, before and afterintravenous administration of KO.136... | Haemodynamic observations with KO. 1366 (bunitrolol), a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent. The haemodynamic effects of a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent KO.1366 (bunitrolol) were assessed in 10 males admitted to hospital for investigation of chest pain. Measurements were made at rest, during atrial pacing at 100 be... | [
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PMID:22432 | Lack of effect of acid-base alterations on growth hormone secretion in man. | In order to study the possible effect of acid-base alterations on growth hormone (GH) secretion in man the exercise-induced GH secretion was compared with the tentative GH release resulting from the acidosis due to hyperlactacidemia after the infusion of fructose. Submaximal exercise on bicycle ergometer resulted in a ... | Lack of effect of acid-base alterations on growth hormone secretion in man. In order to study the possible effect of acid-base alterations on growth hormone (GH) secretion in man the exercise-induced GH secretion was compared with the tentative GH release resulting from the acidosis due to hyperlactacidemia after the i... | [
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PMID:22434 | Enzymes of ammonia detoxication after portacaval shunt in the rat. II. Enzymes of glutamate metabolism. | Besides the synthesis of urea, ammonia detoxication at high concentrations can also be effected through enzyme reactions involved in glutamic acid metabolism. These mechanisms are also operative in extrahepatic tissues. Hyperammonemia is also found in the animal model of the portacaval shunt (PCS) rat. This model was c... | Enzymes of ammonia detoxication after portacaval shunt in the rat. II. Enzymes of glutamate metabolism. Besides the synthesis of urea, ammonia detoxication at high concentrations can also be effected through enzyme reactions involved in glutamic acid metabolism. These mechanisms are also operative in extrahepatic tissu... | [
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PMID:22435 | Purification and characterization of two aldehyde dehydrogenases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | Two soluble aldehyde dehydrogenases isoenzymes have been purified and separated from extracts of a paraffin-assimilating bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The first one, obtained at an estimated purity of 20% (spec. act. with butanal 0.33 kat/kg) was NAD-dependent. It was rapidly inactivated at pH 8.6 but was efficien... | Purification and characterization of two aldehyde dehydrogenases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two soluble aldehyde dehydrogenases isoenzymes have been purified and separated from extracts of a paraffin-assimilating bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The first one, obtained at an estimated purity of 20% (spec. act. with... | [
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PMID:22436 | Inhibitory activity of terfenadine on histamine-induced skin wheals in man. | The inhibitory effect of orally administered terfenadine on the area of histamine-induced skin wheals was studied by single dose and multiple dose trials in 12 normal male volunteers. Single doses of 20, 60 and 200 mg of terfenadine produced dose-dependent decreases in histamine wheal area that reached a maximum by the... | Inhibitory activity of terfenadine on histamine-induced skin wheals in man. The inhibitory effect of orally administered terfenadine on the area of histamine-induced skin wheals was studied by single dose and multiple dose trials in 12 normal male volunteers. Single doses of 20, 60 and 200 mg of terfenadine produced do... | [
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PMID:22437 | The effect of diphenhydramine alone and in combination with ethanol on histamine skin response and mental performance. | The effects of diphenhydramine and diphenhydramine plus ethanol on response to intradermal histamine and on mental performance were assessed in twelve male volunteers. A significant impairment of histamine skin response was found with diphenhydramine. This response was unaffected by ethanol. Ethanol improved performanc... | The effect of diphenhydramine alone and in combination with ethanol on histamine skin response and mental performance. The effects of diphenhydramine and diphenhydramine plus ethanol on response to intradermal histamine and on mental performance were assessed in twelve male volunteers. A significant impairment of hista... | [
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PMID:22438 | Double blind study of the effect of glafenine (Glifanan) on oral anticoagulant therapy with phenprocoumon (Marcumar). | The interaction between phenprocoumon (Marcumar) and glafenine (Glifanan) was investigated in a double blind study of twenty patients receiving long term treatment with phenprocoumon. Thrombotesttime (TT) values had been stable for more than three months before the study. Patients taking glafenine showed a significant ... | Double blind study of the effect of glafenine (Glifanan) on oral anticoagulant therapy with phenprocoumon (Marcumar). The interaction between phenprocoumon (Marcumar) and glafenine (Glifanan) was investigated in a double blind study of twenty patients receiving long term treatment with phenprocoumon. Thrombotesttime (T... | [
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PMID:22439 | Secondary IgG responses to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide. III. T cell requirement for development of B memory cells. | Mice primed with a thymus-dependent form of Type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3), i.e. S3 coupled to erythrocytes (S3-RBC) produces S3-specific IgG antibody after secondary challenge with S3-RBC. When mice are depleted of T cells by treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) at the time of priming, no IgG antibody i... | Secondary IgG responses to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide. III. T cell requirement for development of B memory cells. Mice primed with a thymus-dependent form of Type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3), i.e. S3 coupled to erythrocytes (S3-RBC) produces S3-specific IgG antibody after secondary challenge with S3-RBC.... | [
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PMID:22440 | Receptor affinity and pharmacological potency of a series of narcotic analgesic, anti-diarrheal and neuroleptic drugs. | A series of 26 drugs was tested for in vitro binding to opiate receptors in the presence and absence of 0.1 M NaCl. The results were correlated with assays for in vivo pharmacological potency. Highly significant correlation was found between binding in the presence and absence of sodium ions and analgesic potency. For ... | Receptor affinity and pharmacological potency of a series of narcotic analgesic, anti-diarrheal and neuroleptic drugs. A series of 26 drugs was tested for in vitro binding to opiate receptors in the presence and absence of 0.1 M NaCl. The results were correlated with assays for in vivo pharmacological potency. Highly s... | [
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PMID:22441 | Characterization of the adrenergic activity of carbuterol (SK&F 40383-A). | Carbuterol is a beta-adrenergic bronchodilator with selectivity for bronchial smooth muscle relative to cardiac and vascular tissues of several species including man. The present studies were undertaken to further characterize its adrenergic profile. In vitro studies demonstrated that carbuterol was a direct acting bet... | Characterization of the adrenergic activity of carbuterol (SK&F 40383-A). Carbuterol is a beta-adrenergic bronchodilator with selectivity for bronchial smooth muscle relative to cardiac and vascular tissues of several species including man. The present studies were undertaken to further characterize its adrenergic ... | [
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PMID:22442 | Transmitter release and adrenergic mechanical responses in the heart: effect of papaverine and imidazole. | Chronotropic and inotropic responses were elicited in isolated rabbit hearts by stimulation of the sympathetic nerves or by infusion of noradrenaline or adrenaline and the effects of papaverine and imidazole (10(-7)-10(-6) M) on these responses were studied. The outflow of noradrenaline induced by sympathetic nerve sti... | Transmitter release and adrenergic mechanical responses in the heart: effect of papaverine and imidazole. Chronotropic and inotropic responses were elicited in isolated rabbit hearts by stimulation of the sympathetic nerves or by infusion of noradrenaline or adrenaline and the effects of papaverine and imidazole (10(-7... | [
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PMID:22443 | Plasma cyclic GMP: response to cholinergic agents. | S.c. injections of cholinergic agents, carbachol, methacholine and bethanechol, into fasted rats caused rapid increases in the plasma concentration of cyclic GMP, with a sharp peak at 5--10 min after the injection. Acetylcholine gave rise to a rapid accumulation of cyclic GMP in plasma only when administered together w... | Plasma cyclic GMP: response to cholinergic agents. S.c. injections of cholinergic agents, carbachol, methacholine and bethanechol, into fasted rats caused rapid increases in the plasma concentration of cyclic GMP, with a sharp peak at 5--10 min after the injection. Acetylcholine gave rise to a rapid accumulation of cyc... | [
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PMID:22444 | Narcotic cueing properties of intraventricularly administered sufentanil, fentanyl, morphine and met-enkephalin. | The narcotic cueing activity of sufentanil, fentanyl, morphine and met-enkephalin was studied upon their injection into the lateral brain ventricle of the rat. Comparative studies on the analgesic activity of the three narcotics support a close correlation between the narcotic cueing and the analgesic activity of narco... | Narcotic cueing properties of intraventricularly administered sufentanil, fentanyl, morphine and met-enkephalin. The narcotic cueing activity of sufentanil, fentanyl, morphine and met-enkephalin was studied upon their injection into the lateral brain ventricle of the rat. Comparative studies on the analgesic activity o... | [
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PMID:22451 | Tritiated thymidine incorporation and cell-mediated lympholysis as correlates of acute graft-versus-host reaction. | The graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction remains a serious consequence of administration of allogeneic immunocompetent cells to an immunosuppressed host even if donors and recipients are matched for major histocompatibility loci. This report describes a murine model for acute GVH reactions. Spleen cells from C3H/He (H-2k) ... | Tritiated thymidine incorporation and cell-mediated lympholysis as correlates of acute graft-versus-host reaction. The graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction remains a serious consequence of administration of allogeneic immunocompetent cells to an immunosuppressed host even if donors and recipients are matched for major hist... | [
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PMID:22455 | Oxatomide, a new orally active drug which inhibits both the release and the effects of allergic mediators. | Oxatomide is a new potent inhibitor of anaphylactic and allergic reactions. After oral administration, the compound both inhibits the release of endogenous histamine and prevents the effects of exogensous histamine, at comparable doses. The combination of these effects appears to be the basis of the effectiveness of ox... | Oxatomide, a new orally active drug which inhibits both the release and the effects of allergic mediators. Oxatomide is a new potent inhibitor of anaphylactic and allergic reactions. After oral administration, the compound both inhibits the release of endogenous histamine and prevents the effects of exogensous histamin... | [
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PMID:22463 | The effect of temperature on sperm motility and viability. | Semen specimens from fertile prevasectomy patients maintained at 4 degrees, 20 degrees, and 37 degrees C were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, and 18 hours after collection. Sperm viability, assessed by eosin-nigrosin stain, and motility decreased with time at 20 degrees and 37 degrees C, but at a significantly higher rate at 37... | The effect of temperature on sperm motility and viability. Semen specimens from fertile prevasectomy patients maintained at 4 degrees, 20 degrees, and 37 degrees C were evaluated at 3, 6, 12, and 18 hours after collection. Sperm viability, assessed by eosin-nigrosin stain, and motility decreased with time at 20 degrees... | [
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PMID:22466 | [The renin-aldosterone system in essential hypertension--hypotensive action of beta adrenergic blocking agents and variation of the renin-aldosterone system (author's transl)]. | The effect of beta adrenergic blocking agents on the renin release from the kidney and its possible role in the hypotensive effect of these agents were studied in patients with essential hypertension. Oxprenolol induced a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and PRA, but the correlation between the decrease ... | [The renin-aldosterone system in essential hypertension--hypotensive action of beta adrenergic blocking agents and variation of the renin-aldosterone system (author's transl)]. The effect of beta adrenergic blocking agents on the renin release from the kidney and its possible role in the hypotensive effect of these age... | [
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PMID:22468 | pH effect on the percutaneous penetration of lignocaine hydrochloride. | (1) The percutaneous penetration of lignocaine hydrochloride is affected in vitro by the pH; alkalinity increased the portion of the unionized drug which permeated through the lipoid outer skin membrane of guinea pigs. (2) The amount of lignocaine accumulated on the dermal side of the diffusion cell containing isotonic... | pH effect on the percutaneous penetration of lignocaine hydrochloride. (1) The percutaneous penetration of lignocaine hydrochloride is affected in vitro by the pH; alkalinity increased the portion of the unionized drug which permeated through the lipoid outer skin membrane of guinea pigs. (2) The amount of lignocaine a... | [
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PMID:22470 | Biological and immunological characterization of human luteinizing hormone: I. Biological profile in pituitary and plasma samples after electrofocusing. | Pituitary and plasma pools from postmenopausal women and plasma pools from women at midcycle were fractionated by electrofocusing in sucrose density gradients. The biological LH activity was determined in each of the electrofocusing fractions by the use of an in vitro bioassay method. A heterogeneous profile of LH acti... | Biological and immunological characterization of human luteinizing hormone: I. Biological profile in pituitary and plasma samples after electrofocusing. Pituitary and plasma pools from postmenopausal women and plasma pools from women at midcycle were fractionated by electrofocusing in sucrose density gradients. The bio... | [
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PMID:22472 | Comparative studies on the metabolism of 2-(tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil. | 5=Fluorouracil inhibited DNA synthesis markedly using various DNA precursors such as deoxyuridine, orotic acid, uracil, and uridine except for thymidine. 2-(Tetrahydrofury)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) did not inhibit DNA synthesis with any of the precursors tested. The metabolisms of 5-fluorouracil and FT-207 in mice and r... | Comparative studies on the metabolism of 2-(tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil. 5=Fluorouracil inhibited DNA synthesis markedly using various DNA precursors such as deoxyuridine, orotic acid, uracil, and uridine except for thymidine. 2-(Tetrahydrofury)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) did not inhibit DNA synthes... | [
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PMID:22473 | Electron spin resonance study on the mode of generation of free radicals of daunomycin, adriamycin, and carboquone in NAD(P)H-microsome system. | The mode of generation of free radicals of daunomycin, adriamycin, and carboquone in the NADPH-rat liver microsome system was studied at room temperature by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. ESR signals of all these quinoid anticancer chemicals were detected when dissolved oxygen in the reaction mixture was c... | Electron spin resonance study on the mode of generation of free radicals of daunomycin, adriamycin, and carboquone in NAD(P)H-microsome system. The mode of generation of free radicals of daunomycin, adriamycin, and carboquone in the NADPH-rat liver microsome system was studied at room temperature by electron spin reson... | [
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PMID:22474 | Establishment of a clonal strain of hepatoma cells derived from Morris hepatoma 8999. | A new line of tissue culture cells derived from a slow-growing hepatoma 8999 was established and named 8999C. The isolation method, growth pattern, and morphology of the 8999C cells are described. Several hepatic enzyme activities in 8999C cells were compared to those in the original hepatoma 8999. The ornithine aminot... | Establishment of a clonal strain of hepatoma cells derived from Morris hepatoma 8999. A new line of tissue culture cells derived from a slow-growing hepatoma 8999 was established and named 8999C. The isolation method, growth pattern, and morphology of the 8999C cells are described. Several hepatic enzyme activities in ... | [
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PMID:22471 | Problems related to the use of serum and trypsin in the growth of monkey kidney cells. | A function of serum in the growth medium for primary monkey kidney cells has been shown to be inhibition of proteolytic enzymes. Serum inactivates the residual trypsin remaining from enzymatic digestion of the kidneys and the proteolytic enzymes subsequently synthesized by the cells. Freshly trypsinized cells could be ... | Problems related to the use of serum and trypsin in the growth of monkey kidney cells. A function of serum in the growth medium for primary monkey kidney cells has been shown to be inhibition of proteolytic enzymes. Serum inactivates the residual trypsin remaining from enzymatic digestion of the kidneys and the proteol... | [
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PMID:22478 | Specificity of cleavage by restriction nuclease from Bacillus subtilis. | The restriction nuclease from B. subtilis (Bsu) which cleaves in the middle of the tetra-nucleotide sequence 5'-GGCC-3' 3'-CCGG-5' has been found to decrease its substrate specificity at high nuclease concentrations. There are special conditions, high pH, low ionic strength, and high glycerol content, which strongly en... | Specificity of cleavage by restriction nuclease from Bacillus subtilis. The restriction nuclease from B. subtilis (Bsu) which cleaves in the middle of the tetra-nucleotide sequence 5'-GGCC-3' 3'-CCGG-5' has been found to decrease its substrate specificity at high nuclease concentrations. There are special conditions, h... | [
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PMID:22479 | Effects of dihydroergotoxine mesylate on aging neurons in vitro. | C1300 mouse neuroblastoma cells gradually accumulate lipofuscin-like pigment when they are maintained in culture. Pigment was demonstrated by positive straining for acid phosphatase and with periodic acid-Schiff stain. Pigment was formation in cells was reduced by exposure of the cells to lower doses of dihydroergotoxi... | Effects of dihydroergotoxine mesylate on aging neurons in vitro. C1300 mouse neuroblastoma cells gradually accumulate lipofuscin-like pigment when they are maintained in culture. Pigment was demonstrated by positive straining for acid phosphatase and with periodic acid-Schiff stain. Pigment was formation in cells was r... | [
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PMID:22480 | Binding interactions of ergot alkaloids with monoaminergic receptors in the brain. | The interactions of ergot alkaloids and of other drugs with dopamine (DA) and alpha-adrenergic receptors were investigated. The tested ergot alkaloids inhibit synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity and reverse the apomorphine-elicited inhibition of synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Thus, ergot alkaloids i... | Binding interactions of ergot alkaloids with monoaminergic receptors in the brain. The interactions of ergot alkaloids and of other drugs with dopamine (DA) and alpha-adrenergic receptors were investigated. The tested ergot alkaloids inhibit synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity and reverse the apomorphine-elicite... | [
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PMID:22481 | [Acute myocardial infarct without pathological CK-MB isoenzyme activities]. | Serum CK-MB is regarded as a specific indicator for myocardial diseases. Total CK and the isoenzyme CK-MB were measured in 69 patients with myocardial infarction. In 5 of the cases no pathological CK-MB-activities have been seen. Nevertheless, the clinical importance of CK-MB determination as a differential diagnostic ... | [Acute myocardial infarct without pathological CK-MB isoenzyme activities]. Serum CK-MB is regarded as a specific indicator for myocardial diseases. Total CK and the isoenzyme CK-MB were measured in 69 patients with myocardial infarction. In 5 of the cases no pathological CK-MB-activities have been seen. Nevertheless, ... | [
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PMID:22483 | Effects of culture milieus on the development of mouse blastocysts in vitro. | Various culture milieus were examined for their support of mouse blastocyst development. Two important variables were the time at which human cord serum was added to the medium and the concentration of amino acids. In the best medium. Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (fortified with six times the usual amino-acid conce... | Effects of culture milieus on the development of mouse blastocysts in vitro. Various culture milieus were examined for their support of mouse blastocyst development. Two important variables were the time at which human cord serum was added to the medium and the concentration of amino acids. In the best medium. Eagle's ... | [
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PMID:22486 | Demonstration and characterization of a serum factor produced by activated T cells. | Spleen rosette forming cells (RFC) from adult thymectomized mice have a low sensitivity to inhibition by anitheta serum (AOS) and azathioprine (AZ) in comparison with normal spleen or thymus RFC. Thymus extracts and normal mouse serum (but not spleen extracts or thymectomized mouse serum) correct this abnormality after... | Demonstration and characterization of a serum factor produced by activated T cells. Spleen rosette forming cells (RFC) from adult thymectomized mice have a low sensitivity to inhibition by anitheta serum (AOS) and azathioprine (AZ) in comparison with normal spleen or thymus RFC. Thymus extracts and normal mouse serum (... | [
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PMID:22488 | Changes in the microflora and physiology of the anterior intestinal tract of pigs weaned at 2 days, with special reference to the pathogenesis of diarrhea. | The gastrointestinal microflora and gastric physiology of piglets weaned at 2 days was compared with that of piglets allowed to continue sucking the sow. Although there was a significantly higher count of Escherichia coli in the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum of the early-weaned compared with sow-reared pigs, these dif... | Changes in the microflora and physiology of the anterior intestinal tract of pigs weaned at 2 days, with special reference to the pathogenesis of diarrhea. The gastrointestinal microflora and gastric physiology of piglets weaned at 2 days was compared with that of piglets allowed to continue sucking the sow. Although t... | [
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PMID:22489 | Complement-fixing antibody response in pneumococcal pneumonia. | Previous studies of complement-fixing antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in humans have yielded conflicting results. We studied 65 sera from 25 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, using both fresh sera and heat-inactivated sera with added human complement. Only 4 of the 25 patients developed detectab... | Complement-fixing antibody response in pneumococcal pneumonia. Previous studies of complement-fixing antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in humans have yielded conflicting results. We studied 65 sera from 25 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, using both fresh sera and heat-inactivated sera with added... | [
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PMID:22490 | Fluoride uptake by Streptococcus mutans 6715. | The short-term kinetics of fluoride uptake by cells from 20- to 22-h cultures of Streptococcus mutans strain 6715 were studied using rapid filtration and centrifugation techniques. Saline-suspended organisms were diluted with fluoride-containing solutions buffered at four different pH values (2.0, 4.0, 5.5, and 8.2). F... | Fluoride uptake by Streptococcus mutans 6715. The short-term kinetics of fluoride uptake by cells from 20- to 22-h cultures of Streptococcus mutans strain 6715 were studied using rapid filtration and centrifugation techniques. Saline-suspended organisms were diluted with fluoride-containing solutions buffered at four d... | [
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PMID:22491 | Binding of lectins to Streptococcus mutans cells and type-specific polysaccharides, and effect on adherence. | The lectin concanavalin A (Con A) agglutinated the cells of 13 of 15 strains of the seven serotypes of Streptococcus mutans in an 18-h incubation period. Strains of types a, d, f, and g agglutinated within 2 h. Strains of a, d, and f were also agglutinated in 2 h by the castor bean lectin RCA. S. sanguis, S. salivarius... | Binding of lectins to Streptococcus mutans cells and type-specific polysaccharides, and effect on adherence. The lectin concanavalin A (Con A) agglutinated the cells of 13 of 15 strains of the seven serotypes of Streptococcus mutans in an 18-h incubation period. Strains of types a, d, f, and g agglutinated within 2 h. ... | [
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PMID:22492 | Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: penicillin enhancement of peptidoglycan hydrolysis. | The addition of 10 microgram of penicillin G per ml to log-phase cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae JW-31 (minimum inhibitory concentration for penicillin G, less than 0.007 microgram/ml) resulted in cellular lysis after a lag of 30 min. Penicillin markedly decreased the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis and enhanced the ... | Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: penicillin enhancement of peptidoglycan hydrolysis. The addition of 10 microgram of penicillin G per ml to log-phase cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae JW-31 (minimum inhibitory concentration for penicillin G, less than 0.007 microgram/ml) resulted in cellular lysis after a lag of... | [
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PMID:22493 | Adhesion of Escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cells in vitro. | Optimal conditions for in vitro adherence of Escherichia coli to uroepithelial cells, previously shown to more efficient for strains causing acute symptomatic than that for strains causing "asymptomatic" urinary tract infections, were investigated. Uroepithelial cells from fresh morning urine of healthy individuals and... | Adhesion of Escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cells in vitro. Optimal conditions for in vitro adherence of Escherichia coli to uroepithelial cells, previously shown to more efficient for strains causing acute symptomatic than that for strains causing "asymptomatic" urinary tract infections, were investigated. Uro... | [
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PMID:22495 | Serum-derived immunosuppressive substances. II. An evaluation of various sources for an endogenous regulator of lymphocyte activation. | Four published methods (ion-exchange chromatography, heat, molecular sieving and alcohol fractionation) for the preparation of fractions of normal sera and tissues which possess immunosuppressive activity are compared. Human and bovine serum and human, bovine and ovine tissues including spleen, placenta and thymus were... | Serum-derived immunosuppressive substances. II. An evaluation of various sources for an endogenous regulator of lymphocyte activation. Four published methods (ion-exchange chromatography, heat, molecular sieving and alcohol fractionation) for the preparation of fractions of normal sera and tissues which possess immunos... | [
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PMID:22496 | On the nature of the presumed receptor for IgE on mast cells. IV. Inhibition of the PCA-blocking activity of cell-free particulate preparations and intact rat peritoneal mast cells by inhibitors of proteases. | The incubation of IgE-containing solutions from rat serum with particulate preparations from rat peritoneal mast cells results in the disappearance of some of the PCA-reactive IgE in the solution. This PCA blocking assay was used to measure the 'binding' of IgE to intact rat mast cells or to particulate preparations de... | On the nature of the presumed receptor for IgE on mast cells. IV. Inhibition of the PCA-blocking activity of cell-free particulate preparations and intact rat peritoneal mast cells by inhibitors of proteases. The incubation of IgE-containing solutions from rat serum with particulate preparations from rat peritoneal mas... | [
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PMID:22497 | The insulin-like action of Bordetella pertussis vaccine in rats. | Treatment of rats with Bordetella pertussis vaccine significantly lowered the blood sugar level 4 days later but the vaccine did not alter the level in diabetic rats. The vaccine, like insulin, raised glycogen levels in liver, skeletal muscle and heart and reduced the plasma free fatty acid concentration. The action of... | The insulin-like action of Bordetella pertussis vaccine in rats. Treatment of rats with Bordetella pertussis vaccine significantly lowered the blood sugar level 4 days later but the vaccine did not alter the level in diabetic rats. The vaccine, like insulin, raised glycogen levels in liver, skeletal muscle and heart an... | [
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PMID:22498 | Chemotactic activity of guinea pig eosinophils for the ECF-A acidic tetrapeptides, histamine, histamine metabolites, and the effect of H1- and H2-receptor antagonists. | Histamine and one of its major metabolites, imidazoleacetic acid, were selectively chemotactic for guinea pig eosinophils, whereas L-histidine, 1,4-methylimidazoleacetic acid, 1,4-methylhistamine and N-acetylhistamine were inactive. The response to histamine was unaffected by concentrations of eosinophils of between 30... | Chemotactic activity of guinea pig eosinophils for the ECF-A acidic tetrapeptides, histamine, histamine metabolites, and the effect of H1- and H2-receptor antagonists. Histamine and one of its major metabolites, imidazoleacetic acid, were selectively chemotactic for guinea pig eosinophils, whereas L-histidine, 1,4-meth... | [
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PMID:22499 | Experimental models for prevention of graft-versus-host reaction in bone marrow transfusion. II. Inability to prevent graft-versus-host reaction in an H-2 identical combination. | Splenomegaly was strong in the degree and continued for a long period of time in adult F1 hybrids between AKR (H-2k) and C3H/He (H-2k) mice after transfer of spleen cells from normal C3H/He mice. In spleen cells of such F1 recipients, cytotoxicity was detected by an in vivo neutralization test using methylcholanthrene-... | Experimental models for prevention of graft-versus-host reaction in bone marrow transfusion. II. Inability to prevent graft-versus-host reaction in an H-2 identical combination. Splenomegaly was strong in the degree and continued for a long period of time in adult F1 hybrids between AKR (H-2k) and C3H/He (H-2k) mice af... | [
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PMID:22500 | Experimental models for prevention of graft-versus-host reaction in bone marrow transfution. III. Reversible and irreversible differentiation of lymphocytes destined for cytotoxicity to effector cells for splenomegaly. | When lymphoid cells were obtained from AKR donors 12 h after a treatment with C57BL/L cells in complete Freund's adjuvant and transferred to (AKR X C57BL/6) F1 mice, splenomegaly in F1 recipients was augmented but cytotoxicity was suppressed. The suppression of cytotoxicity was antigen-specific. When cell transfer was ... | Experimental models for prevention of graft-versus-host reaction in bone marrow transfution. III. Reversible and irreversible differentiation of lymphocytes destined for cytotoxicity to effector cells for splenomegaly. When lymphoid cells were obtained from AKR donors 12 h after a treatment with C57BL/L cells in comple... | [
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PMID:22501 | Psychotropic drugs: mechanism of action at the neurotransmitter level. | Although the intimate mechanism by which psychotropic agents exert their therapeutic effects is still not completely clear, a large bulk of evidence supports the existence of a close correlation between their clinical antipsychotic acitivity and the ability to affect by different mechanisms brain monoamines and/or othe... | Psychotropic drugs: mechanism of action at the neurotransmitter level. Although the intimate mechanism by which psychotropic agents exert their therapeutic effects is still not completely clear, a large bulk of evidence supports the existence of a close correlation between their clinical antipsychotic acitivity and the... | [
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PMID:22502 | Reactivity of sulfhydryl group in peptides and poly-peptides with p-nitrophenylacetate. S to N acyl shift in cysteine. | The activity of poly (Cys-Ser-Phe-Glu-Glu) and related polypeptides as models of cysteine-proteases towards p-nitrophenylacetate was studied. The reaction leads to the formation of an S-acetylated form which proved to be quite stable, except at very high pH values. The presence of imidazole groups in the neighbourhood ... | Reactivity of sulfhydryl group in peptides and poly-peptides with p-nitrophenylacetate. S to N acyl shift in cysteine. The activity of poly (Cys-Ser-Phe-Glu-Glu) and related polypeptides as models of cysteine-proteases towards p-nitrophenylacetate was studied. The reaction leads to the formation of an S-acetylated form... | [
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PMID:22503 | Critical residues in D-amino acid oxidase. A pulse-radiolysis and inactivation study. | The enzyme D-amino acid oxidase and its apoenzyme have been irradiated at pH 5.5--10 under conditions designed to assess the inactivating effect of OH radicals and the selective free radicals Br2- and (SCN)2-. Near neutral pH, removal of the coenzyme FAD from the enzyme results in greater inactivation by selective free... | Critical residues in D-amino acid oxidase. A pulse-radiolysis and inactivation study. The enzyme D-amino acid oxidase and its apoenzyme have been irradiated at pH 5.5--10 under conditions designed to assess the inactivating effect of OH radicals and the selective free radicals Br2- and (SCN)2-. Near neutral pH, removal... | [
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PMID:22504 | Alkaline endonuclease(s) activity in the thymus and spleen of normal and irradiated mice. | Evidence has been found on an alkaline endonuclease activity in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction isolated from the thymus and spleen mice. The chromatin-associated endonuclease activity was identified only in the spleen. The enzyme(s) was active on both single- and double-stranded DNA, but the reaction was faster i... | Alkaline endonuclease(s) activity in the thymus and spleen of normal and irradiated mice. Evidence has been found on an alkaline endonuclease activity in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction isolated from the thymus and spleen mice. The chromatin-associated endonuclease activity was identified only in the spleen. The e... | [
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PMID:22505 | Radiostrontium distribution measured in vitro between bound and free forms in the soft tissues of rat. | The distribution of 89Sr (carrier-free) in the bound (non-diffusible) and free (diffusible) forms was studied in vitro in the soft tissues of the albino rat by the ultrafiltration method. The influence of factors such as time and temperature of incubation with 89Sr, concentration and medium of the homogenate, pH and ag... | Radiostrontium distribution measured in vitro between bound and free forms in the soft tissues of rat. The distribution of 89Sr (carrier-free) in the bound (non-diffusible) and free (diffusible) forms was studied in vitro in the soft tissues of the albino rat by the ultrafiltration method. The influence of factors such... | [
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PMID:22507 | Antioxidant function of vitamin A. | Feeding of 100 000 I.U. of Vitamin A on alternate days, five times to rats, resulted in a marked lowering in in vitro lipid peroxidation of the tissue hemogenates. alpha-Tocopherol or DPPD supplementation along with A still further reduced the in vitro lipid peroxidation of the tissues. Vitamin A in large doses increas... | Antioxidant function of vitamin A. Feeding of 100 000 I.U. of Vitamin A on alternate days, five times to rats, resulted in a marked lowering in in vitro lipid peroxidation of the tissue hemogenates. alpha-Tocopherol or DPPD supplementation along with A still further reduced the in vitro lipid peroxidation of the tissue... | [
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PMID:22514 | Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: report of 11 observations. | Based on the observation of 11 patients (10 males and 1 female), the occurrence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in two new geographic areas of Romania is reported. Two patients died within several hours after admission. The other nine recovered gradually. In four patients hemodialysis was necessary. A complete... | Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: report of 11 observations. Based on the observation of 11 patients (10 males and 1 female), the occurrence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in two new geographic areas of Romania is reported. Two patients died within several hours after admission. The other nine recovered ... | [
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PMID:22515 | [Comparison of the effects of pipothiazine palmitate and fluphenazine decanoate. Results of a multicenter double-blind trial]. | Fluphenazine decanoate and pipothiazine palmitate were compared concerning their effect and side-effects. 61 schizophrenic patients were treated up to 6 months in a multicenter double-blind trial. Assessments were made on day 0 and after 5, 10, 17 and 22 weeks of treatment using the AMP system. Pipothiazine palmitate w... | [Comparison of the effects of pipothiazine palmitate and fluphenazine decanoate. Results of a multicenter double-blind trial]. Fluphenazine decanoate and pipothiazine palmitate were compared concerning their effect and side-effects. 61 schizophrenic patients were treated up to 6 months in a multicenter double-blind tri... | [
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PMID:22516 | Dissolution of urinary stones by calcium-chelating agents: A study using a model system. | Pellets made by dispersing microcrystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate throughout an organic matrix have served as models for kidney stones in studies of factors governing their dissolution by calcium-chelating agents. These factors include pH, ionic strength, concentration of chelating agent, and addition of other ac... | Dissolution of urinary stones by calcium-chelating agents: A study using a model system. Pellets made by dispersing microcrystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate throughout an organic matrix have served as models for kidney stones in studies of factors governing their dissolution by calcium-chelating agents. These facto... | [
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PMID:22517 | Immunochemical characterization of Lymantri dispar NPV hemagglutinin: protein-carbohydrate interaction. | The agglutination of chicken erythrocytes by Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin has been shown to provide specific virus identification. Selected mono- and oligosaccharides, present in blood group substances, were assayed by the Land-steiner hapten inhibition technique for specific inhibition of pol... | Immunochemical characterization of Lymantri dispar NPV hemagglutinin: protein-carbohydrate interaction. The agglutination of chicken erythrocytes by Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin has been shown to provide specific virus identification. Selected mono- and oligosaccharides, present in blood group... | [
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PMID:22528 | Hope for that hopeless essay test. | Despite the fact that essay tests have been under attack, teachers continue to use them. Although preparation and scoring of questions can be problematic, they can, however, be employed successfully if the teacher 1) recognizes their limitations, 2) prepares the questions carefully so that they will test what the teach... | Hope for that hopeless essay test. Despite the fact that essay tests have been under attack, teachers continue to use them. Although preparation and scoring of questions can be problematic, they can, however, be employed successfully if the teacher 1) recognizes their limitations, 2) prepares the questions carefully so... | [
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PMID:22530 | Surface properties of cells of some methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. | Methicillin-sensitive (MS) cells of Staphylococcus aureus had a minimum electrophoretic mobility at pH 4.5, whereas methicillin-resistant (MR) strains showed only a slight plateau effect. Trypsin removed the trough effect of the MS Oxford strain. There was no correlation between surface lipid and resistance in MR strai... | Surface properties of cells of some methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-sensitive (MS) cells of Staphylococcus aureus had a minimum electrophoretic mobility at pH 4.5, whereas methicillin-resistant (MR) strains showed only a slight plateau effect. Trypsin removed the trough effect of the... | [
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PMID:22533 | Phosphagen and lactate contents of m. quadriceps femoris of man after exercise. | Muscle biopsies were taken from the m. quadriceps femoris of man immediately after termination of dynamic and isometric exercise. These were analyzed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'-phosphate (AMP), phosphorylcreatine (PC), creatine, pyruvate and lactate. Regardless of typ... | Phosphagen and lactate contents of m. quadriceps femoris of man after exercise. Muscle biopsies were taken from the m. quadriceps femoris of man immediately after termination of dynamic and isometric exercise. These were analyzed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'-phosphate (... | [
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PMID:22534 | Biochemical-genetic study of the first enzyme of histidine biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium: substrate and feedback binding regions. | Twenty-five strains of Salmonella typhimurium containing different mutations in the first gene of histidine biosynthesis were studied to correlate regions of the genetic map with biochemical functions. These strains contained either missense, double-frameshift, or suppressed nonsense mutations, all of which resulted in... | Biochemical-genetic study of the first enzyme of histidine biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium: substrate and feedback binding regions. Twenty-five strains of Salmonella typhimurium containing different mutations in the first gene of histidine biosynthesis were studied to correlate regions of the genetic map with bi... | [
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