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PMID:13425 | Packaging of genomes in bacteriophages: a comparison of ssRNA bacteriophages and dsDNA bacteriophages. | In complex DNA bacteriophages like lambda, T4, T7, P22, P2, the DNA is packaged into a preformed precursor particle which sometimes has a smaller size and often a shape different from that of the phage head. This packaging mechanism is different from the one suggested for the RNA phages, according to which RNA nucleate... | Packaging of genomes in bacteriophages: a comparison of ssRNA bacteriophages and dsDNA bacteriophages. In complex DNA bacteriophages like lambda, T4, T7, P22, P2, the DNA is packaged into a preformed precursor particle which sometimes has a smaller size and often a shape different from that of the phage head. This pack... | [
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PMID:13426 | Studies on the maturation of the head of bacteriophage T4. | The presentation focuses on the structural rearrangements of the subunits and the processing of the various protein constituents which accompany the maturation events of the head of bacteriophage T4. The major features of the maturation steps of the head are the following: (a) the viral DNA is pulled into an empty head... | Studies on the maturation of the head of bacteriophage T4. The presentation focuses on the structural rearrangements of the subunits and the processing of the various protein constituents which accompany the maturation events of the head of bacteriophage T4. The major features of the maturation steps of the head are th... | [
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PMID:13427 | Assembly of tobacco mosaic virus. | The assembly of tobacco mosaic virus requires the presence of a particular protein aggregate, the disk. During the nucleation, a specific region of the RNA interacts with a single disk, to bring about a necessarily cooperative transition from the paired two-layer structure to a short segment of nucleo-protein helix. Th... | Assembly of tobacco mosaic virus. The assembly of tobacco mosaic virus requires the presence of a particular protein aggregate, the disk. During the nucleation, a specific region of the RNA interacts with a single disk, to bring about a necessarily cooperative transition from the paired two-layer structure to a short s... | [
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PMID:13428 | Tobacco rattle virus RNA-protein interactions. | For the purpose of attempting to generalize the rules concerning morphogenesis of helical viruses, the in vitro reconstitution of the CAM strain of TRV was studied. The conditions for reconstitution and the importance of the aggregation state of the protein for initiation and elongation are compared with those of TMV. ... | Tobacco rattle virus RNA-protein interactions. For the purpose of attempting to generalize the rules concerning morphogenesis of helical viruses, the in vitro reconstitution of the CAM strain of TRV was studied. The conditions for reconstitution and the importance of the aggregation state of the protein for initiation ... | [
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PMID:13429 | Assembly of flexuous plant viruses and their proteins. | Recent experiments on the disassembly and assembly of some flexuous plant viruses and their proteins are described. The properties of reconstituted potato virus X and those of assembled potato virus Y protein are considered as well as the suitability of other flexuous viruses for reconstitution studies. | Assembly of flexuous plant viruses and their proteins. Recent experiments on the disassembly and assembly of some flexuous plant viruses and their proteins are described. The properties of reconstituted potato virus X and those of assembled potato virus Y protein are considered as well as the suitability of other flexu... | [
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PMID:13430 | Specific encapsidation of fragments of TMV RNA. | The in vitro reconstitution of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is initiated by the binding of a disk of TMV protein to the 'disk recognition site', a region of the RNA chain at or near the 5'-terminus for which the disk has special affinity. In order to gain insight into the recognition process, we have studied the ability ... | Specific encapsidation of fragments of TMV RNA. The in vitro reconstitution of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is initiated by the binding of a disk of TMV protein to the 'disk recognition site', a region of the RNA chain at or near the 5'-terminus for which the disk has special affinity. In order to gain insight into the r... | [
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PMID:13431 | The region of tobacco mosaic virus RNA involved in the nucleation of assembly. | The interaction of TMV RNA with the disk aggregate of TMV protein at the initiation of assembly has been studied by using the techniques of RNA sequencing. The 5' end group has been identified, and shown not to be protected in the early stages of assembly from accessibility to nuclease digestion. A population of RNA fr... | The region of tobacco mosaic virus RNA involved in the nucleation of assembly. The interaction of TMV RNA with the disk aggregate of TMV protein at the initiation of assembly has been studied by using the techniques of RNA sequencing. The 5' end group has been identified, and shown not to be protected in the early stag... | [
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PMID:13432 | Structure and assembly of phage phi29. | Bacteriophage phi29 is a small, morphologically complex, virus with a DNA of molecular mass 12 X 10(6). The most likely structure of the head of phi29 consists of two fivefold symmetric end-caps based on T = 1 icosahedral symmetry, separated by an equatorial row of 5 hexamers. The eighteen genes identified in phi29 gen... | Structure and assembly of phage phi29. Bacteriophage phi29 is a small, morphologically complex, virus with a DNA of molecular mass 12 X 10(6). The most likely structure of the head of phi29 consists of two fivefold symmetric end-caps based on T = 1 icosahedral symmetry, separated by an equatorial row of 5 hexamers. The... | [
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PMID:13433 | DNA viruses: cooperativity and regulation through conformational changes as features of phage assembly. | The assembly of bacteriophages provides experimental model systems for the study of regulation at the level of gene products. We discuss the hypothesis of regulation through sequentially induced conformational changes by which precursor-assemblies become ready at a specific stage of maturation to interact with an addit... | DNA viruses: cooperativity and regulation through conformational changes as features of phage assembly. The assembly of bacteriophages provides experimental model systems for the study of regulation at the level of gene products. We discuss the hypothesis of regulation through sequentially induced conformational change... | [
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PMID:13434 | Structure and assembly of the capsid of bacteriophage P22. | Identification of the genes and proteins involved in phage P22 formation has permitted a detailed analysis of particle assembly, revealing some unexpected aspects. The polymerization of the major coat protein (gene 5 product) into an organized capsid is directed by a scaffolding protein (gene 8 product) which is absent... | Structure and assembly of the capsid of bacteriophage P22. Identification of the genes and proteins involved in phage P22 formation has permitted a detailed analysis of particle assembly, revealing some unexpected aspects. The polymerization of the major coat protein (gene 5 product) into an organized capsid is directe... | [
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PMID:13435 | Capsid transformation during packaging of bacteriophage lambdaDNA. | Assembly pathways of complex viruses might not be simple additions of one protein after another with rigid tertiary structure. It might in fact involve shifts in subunit structure, movement of subunits relative to each other to form new arrangements, transient action of proteins and protein segments, involvement of str... | Capsid transformation during packaging of bacteriophage lambdaDNA. Assembly pathways of complex viruses might not be simple additions of one protein after another with rigid tertiary structure. It might in fact involve shifts in subunit structure, movement of subunits relative to each other to form new arrangements, tr... | [
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PMID:13436 | Structure and assembly of lipid-containing viruses, with special reference to bacteriophage PM2 as one type of model system. | The simpler lipid-containing viruses (influenza, Semliki Forest, PM2) may have a phospholipid bilayer sandwiched between an outer shell of protein and an internal nucleocapsid possessing helical or icosahedral symmetry. Extensive physical and chemical studies have enabled us to form a more detailed picture of the struc... | Structure and assembly of lipid-containing viruses, with special reference to bacteriophage PM2 as one type of model system. The simpler lipid-containing viruses (influenza, Semliki Forest, PM2) may have a phospholipid bilayer sandwiched between an outer shell of protein and an internal nucleocapsid possessing helical ... | [
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PMID:13437 | Structure and assembly of filamentous bacterial viruses. | Filamentous bacterial viruses are flexible nucleoprotein rods, about 6 nm in diameter by 1000-2000 nm in length (depending on the virus strain). A protein shell encloses a central core of single-stranded circular DNA. The coat protein subunits forming the shell are largely alpha-helix, elongated in an axial direction, ... | Structure and assembly of filamentous bacterial viruses. Filamentous bacterial viruses are flexible nucleoprotein rods, about 6 nm in diameter by 1000-2000 nm in length (depending on the virus strain). A protein shell encloses a central core of single-stranded circular DNA. The coat protein subunits forming the shell a... | [
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PMID:13438 | RNA viruses: stabilization of brome mosaic virus. | The relative importances of protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions in stabilizing the architecture of brome mosaic virus particles are discussed in the light of the following experimental evidence: (a) disassembly pathways of the virus particles, (b) reassembly of the virus and self-association capacity of the pr... | RNA viruses: stabilization of brome mosaic virus. The relative importances of protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions in stabilizing the architecture of brome mosaic virus particles are discussed in the light of the following experimental evidence: (a) disassembly pathways of the virus particles, (b) reassembly of... | [
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PMID:13439 | Fluorescent probe studies of haptoglobin type 2-1. | Haptoglobin is an alpha2 serum protein that forms an irreversible complex with hemoglobin. The combination between these two macromolecules resembles the binding of an antigen to its antibody except that the complex remains soluble. This investigation was undertaken to determine the nature of the hydrophobic sites on h... | Fluorescent probe studies of haptoglobin type 2-1. Haptoglobin is an alpha2 serum protein that forms an irreversible complex with hemoglobin. The combination between these two macromolecules resembles the binding of an antigen to its antibody except that the complex remains soluble. This investigation was undertaken to... | [
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PMID:13440 | Models for biological ion exchangers. I. Proton magnetic resonance studies of water structure in Bio-Rex 70. | Bio-Rex 70, a carboxylic acid cation exchanger, is studied as a biological ion-exchanger resin model for cellular cytoplasm. High-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of 1l ionic forms of Bio-Rex 70 are determined. From measured cation exchange capacities, water contents, and chemical shifts for the resin-phase... | Models for biological ion exchangers. I. Proton magnetic resonance studies of water structure in Bio-Rex 70. Bio-Rex 70, a carboxylic acid cation exchanger, is studied as a biological ion-exchanger resin model for cellular cytoplasm. High-resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of 1l ionic forms of Bio-Rex 70 are ... | [
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PMID:13444 | [Effects of antianxiety drugs on the water intake in trained and untrained rats and mice (author's transl)]. | In water-deprived rats and mice, animals trained to the test situation spent more time in drinking than naive animals (first exposure to the test situation). The time spent in drinking, either during 5 min or during 10 min was recorded. As compared to controls, benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, meprobamate, and mecloqual... | [Effects of antianxiety drugs on the water intake in trained and untrained rats and mice (author's transl)]. In water-deprived rats and mice, animals trained to the test situation spent more time in drinking than naive animals (first exposure to the test situation). The time spent in drinking, either during 5 min or du... | [
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PMID:13445 | Operant behavioural and neurochemical effects after neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. | Newborn rats were treated at 1 and 2 days after birth with 100 mg/kg 6-hydroxydopamine (60HDA), s.c. Testing on several operant behavioural tasks was begun at 6 months of age. On a fixed ratio 30 (FR 30) schedule of food reinforcement, the neonatal 60HDA treated rats responded at a significantly higher rate. Further an... | Operant behavioural and neurochemical effects after neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. Newborn rats were treated at 1 and 2 days after birth with 100 mg/kg 6-hydroxydopamine (60HDA), s.c. Testing on several operant behavioural tasks was begun at 6 months of age. On a fixed ratio 30 (FR 30) schedule of food reinforce... | [
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PMID:13446 | Anticholinergic properties of antipsychotic drugs and their relation to extrapyramidal side-effects. | The effects of haloperidol, alone and in combination with atropine, were compared with the effects of clozapine, alone and in combination with physostigmine, in a variety of tests commonly used to characterize neuroleptic compounds. It was found that clozapine in combination with physostigmine did not present the profi... | Anticholinergic properties of antipsychotic drugs and their relation to extrapyramidal side-effects. The effects of haloperidol, alone and in combination with atropine, were compared with the effects of clozapine, alone and in combination with physostigmine, in a variety of tests commonly used to characterize neurolept... | [
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PMID:13447 | Alterations of mouse adrenal medullary catecholamines and enzymes in response to attack: effect of pre- and post-treatment with phenobarbital. | Group-housed male C57BR/cdJ mice (victims) were exposed to attack for 10 min daily for up to 14 days by male Swiss-Webster mice, made aggressive by prolonged isolation. Their adrenal glands were analyzed for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activities and for norepinephrine (N... | Alterations of mouse adrenal medullary catecholamines and enzymes in response to attack: effect of pre- and post-treatment with phenobarbital. Group-housed male C57BR/cdJ mice (victims) were exposed to attack for 10 min daily for up to 14 days by male Swiss-Webster mice, made aggressive by prolonged isolation. Their ad... | [
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PMID:13448 | Cyclic GMP in the CSF of patients with schizophrenia before and after neuroleptic treatment. | Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cyclic GMP may derive from central cholinergic neurotransmission. Measurement of CSF cyclic GMP may allow evaluation of possible implications of the dopaminergic hyperactivity in schizophrenia proposed by the dopamine hypothesis. The CSF cyclic GMP levels in 27 drug-free schizophrenic patients... | Cyclic GMP in the CSF of patients with schizophrenia before and after neuroleptic treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cyclic GMP may derive from central cholinergic neurotransmission. Measurement of CSF cyclic GMP may allow evaluation of possible implications of the dopaminergic hyperactivity in schizophrenia proposed... | [
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PMID:13470 | Pulmonary function in premature lambs during the first few hours of life. | This study establishes the mean values, variations, and trend of pulmonary function during the first few hours of life in premature lambs. Measurements of intraesophaheal and tracheal pressure, air flow, tidal volume, and functional residual capacity enabled calculations of lung compliance, specific lung compliance, an... | Pulmonary function in premature lambs during the first few hours of life. This study establishes the mean values, variations, and trend of pulmonary function during the first few hours of life in premature lambs. Measurements of intraesophaheal and tracheal pressure, air flow, tidal volume, and functional residual capa... | [
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PMID:13472 | Calculations for pH during CO2 and O2 exchange with blood. | New mathematical formulas are presented to calculate directly the change in blood pH during CO2, and O2 exchange with blood. pH changes are calculated from changes in blood PCO2 and saturation values or from changes in blood PCO2 and blood PO2 values. Computational results agree well with information obtained from a Di... | Calculations for pH during CO2 and O2 exchange with blood. New mathematical formulas are presented to calculate directly the change in blood pH during CO2, and O2 exchange with blood. pH changes are calculated from changes in blood PCO2 and saturation values or from changes in blood PCO2 and blood PO2 values. Computati... | [
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PMID:13477 | [Biochemistry of collagen and the locomoter apparatus (Hereditary connective tissue diseases and rheumatic diseases. Part I]. | The elementary collagen molecule consists of three chains rolled into a spiral and ending in nonhelical telopeptides. In cutaneous collagen, there are two types of chains, in cartilaginous collagen there is only one. In the synthesis, several enzymes play successive parts: proline hydroxylase, lysine hydroxylase, then ... | [Biochemistry of collagen and the locomoter apparatus (Hereditary connective tissue diseases and rheumatic diseases. Part I]. The elementary collagen molecule consists of three chains rolled into a spiral and ending in nonhelical telopeptides. In cutaneous collagen, there are two types of chains, in cartilaginous colla... | [
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PMID:13478 | The van Slyke equation. | The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation has always occupied a central place in the description of the acid-base status of the blood. An equation of similar importance is the equation for the CO2 equilibration curve of blood in vitro. It is proposed to name this the Van Slyke equation: a - 24.4 = - (2.3 X b + 7.7) X (c - 7.4... | The van Slyke equation. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation has always occupied a central place in the description of the acid-base status of the blood. An equation of similar importance is the equation for the CO2 equilibration curve of blood in vitro. It is proposed to name this the Van Slyke equation: a - 24.4 = - (2... | [
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PMID:13479 | Physiological viewpoints on clinical acid-base diagnostics. | Acid-base physiology is concerned with sources, extent, and control of hydrogen ion donation in the body, at the organ-physiological as well as the molecular level of study. With the introduction of Van Slyke's methods for quantitative carbon dioxide measurements in biological fluids, one important source of hydrogen i... | Physiological viewpoints on clinical acid-base diagnostics. Acid-base physiology is concerned with sources, extent, and control of hydrogen ion donation in the body, at the organ-physiological as well as the molecular level of study. With the introduction of Van Slyke's methods for quantitative carbon dioxide measureme... | [
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PMID:13480 | Stoichiometric concentration and chemical potential. | It has been recommended to use SI units in clinical chemistry. A consequence of this is that pH is reported as the excess chemical potential (or standard chemical potential) of hydrogen ions with the unit kJ/mol. On the basis of the excess chemical potential of H+ it is possible to calculate the hydrogen ion concentrat... | Stoichiometric concentration and chemical potential. It has been recommended to use SI units in clinical chemistry. A consequence of this is that pH is reported as the excess chemical potential (or standard chemical potential) of hydrogen ions with the unit kJ/mol. On the basis of the excess chemical potential of H+ it... | [
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PMID:13481 | Gastrin, antral g cells, and gastric acid in secretagogue-induced and antihistamine-inhibited duodenal ulcers. | In fasting control rats there was continuous basal gastric acid secretion, with a low plasma gastrin and antral G-cells full or immunofluroescent gastrin. After subcutaneous infusion of the gastric secretagogues, pentagastrin + carbachol, there was a six-hour period of gastric hypersecretion, but no change in plasma an... | Gastrin, antral g cells, and gastric acid in secretagogue-induced and antihistamine-inhibited duodenal ulcers. In fasting control rats there was continuous basal gastric acid secretion, with a low plasma gastrin and antral G-cells full or immunofluroescent gastrin. After subcutaneous infusion of the gastric secretagogu... | [
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PMID:13482 | Effect of resection of antrum and duodenal bulb on sham-feeding-induced inhibition of canine gastric secretion. | In dogs with Heidenhain pouches and oesophageal and gastric fistulae, sham feeding inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated Heidenhain pouch acid output. Resection of the antrum and the duodenalbulb reduced oin stomach was diverted through the gastric cannula. The present results are conid secretion at least partly by inducin... | Effect of resection of antrum and duodenal bulb on sham-feeding-induced inhibition of canine gastric secretion. In dogs with Heidenhain pouches and oesophageal and gastric fistulae, sham feeding inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated Heidenhain pouch acid output. Resection of the antrum and the duodenalbulb reduced oin stom... | [
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PMID:13488 | [Exercise hemodynamics and renin before and after acute beta block in patients with essential hypertension]. | Hemodynamic and renin studies at rest and during graded upright ergometry were performed in 21 patients with essential hypertension before and after propranolol. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade reduced exercise-stimulated cardiac and renin responses significantly more when compared with the corresponding effects at r... | [Exercise hemodynamics and renin before and after acute beta block in patients with essential hypertension]. Hemodynamic and renin studies at rest and during graded upright ergometry were performed in 21 patients with essential hypertension before and after propranolol. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade reduced exercis... | [
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PMID:13489 | [The burden of a general medical clinic with patients after suicide attempts]. | All 125 patients who entered the "suicide ward" of the Medical Department of a large public hospital during 1974 were analyzed according to age and sex distribution, duration of hospital stay, motivation and method of committing suicide and fate after recovering from the acute phase of intoxication. Motivation to commi... | [The burden of a general medical clinic with patients after suicide attempts]. All 125 patients who entered the "suicide ward" of the Medical Department of a large public hospital during 1974 were analyzed according to age and sex distribution, duration of hospital stay, motivation and method of committing suicide and ... | [
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PMID:13491 | [Drug-induced lung diseases]. | Adverse drug reactions involving different organs, including the lung, are numerous; much more numerous, however, are the offending drugs. According to the results of the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, adverse reactions occur in about 6% of all drug exposures and 28% of all patients. Drug-induced lung ... | [Drug-induced lung diseases]. Adverse drug reactions involving different organs, including the lung, are numerous; much more numerous, however, are the offending drugs. According to the results of the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, adverse reactions occur in about 6% of all drug exposures and 28% of al... | [
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PMID:13495 | Mode of action of beta blockers in angina pectoris. | The therapeutic effect of beta adrenoceptor blockers in angina pectoris can be ascribed to an inhibition of beta1 receptor mediated stimulation of heart rate and myocardial contractility, resulting in an improved oxygen supply-demand balance in the myocardium. When given in equipotent beta1 blocking doses, the nonselec... | Mode of action of beta blockers in angina pectoris. The therapeutic effect of beta adrenoceptor blockers in angina pectoris can be ascribed to an inhibition of beta1 receptor mediated stimulation of heart rate and myocardial contractility, resulting in an improved oxygen supply-demand balance in the myocardium. When gi... | [
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PMID:13496 | Haemodynamic effects of different beta blockers in angina pectoris. | Beta-blocking agents with partial agonist activity seem to reduce heart rate at rest slightly less than those without this property. Cardio-selective drugs have no effect on stroke volume at rest contrary to the non-selective ones which will reduce it somewhat. This difference is abolished during exercise. The only dif... | Haemodynamic effects of different beta blockers in angina pectoris. Beta-blocking agents with partial agonist activity seem to reduce heart rate at rest slightly less than those without this property. Cardio-selective drugs have no effect on stroke volume at rest contrary to the non-selective ones which will reduce it ... | [
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PMID:13492 | Inorganic photoreduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. I. Photoreduction by certain oxide semiconductors in the near ultraviolet. | The action of chloroplasts in the light reactions of photosynthesis is the reduction of NADP to NADPH and phosphorylation of ADP to ATP by light energy. According to the electron theory of catalysis of photosynthesis, these functions of chloroplasts can be mimicked by any inorganic semiconductors. This paper reports th... | Inorganic photoreduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. I. Photoreduction by certain oxide semiconductors in the near ultraviolet. The action of chloroplasts in the light reactions of photosynthesis is the reduction of NADP to NADPH and phosphorylation of ADP to ATP by light energy. According to the el... | [
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PMID:13497 | Observations in man of hypoglycaemia during selective and non-selective beta-blockade. | The acute hypoglycaemic reaction is accompanied by a rise in systolic and a slight fall in diastolic blood pressure and a tachycardia. In contrast, during beta-blockade with propranolol there is a rise of both systolic and diastolic blood pressures and bradycardia. Restoration of blood glucose to normal is delayed. Wit... | Observations in man of hypoglycaemia during selective and non-selective beta-blockade. The acute hypoglycaemic reaction is accompanied by a rise in systolic and a slight fall in diastolic blood pressure and a tachycardia. In contrast, during beta-blockade with propranolol there is a rise of both systolic and diastolic ... | [
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PMID:13499 | Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase: location in substantia nigra. | A dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase with characteristics similar to those measured in the striatum is present in the rat substantia nigra. Destruction of dopamine cell bodies by intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine application failed to abolish the response of nigral adenylate cyclase to dopamine. In contrast, brain hemitr... | Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase: location in substantia nigra. A dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase with characteristics similar to those measured in the striatum is present in the rat substantia nigra. Destruction of dopamine cell bodies by intranigral 6-hydroxydopamine application failed to abolish the respons... | [
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PMID:13501 | Uterine and cardiovascular effects of beta2-selective sympathomimetic drugs administered as an intravenous infusion. | The uterine and cardiovascular effects of fenoterol, hexoprenaline, ritodrine and salbutamol, given as intravenous infusions in equivalent and therapeutic dosages in oxytocin-induced labour, were studied and compared. All the drugs were effective in reducing the uterine activity to less than 30% of the original. The ef... | Uterine and cardiovascular effects of beta2-selective sympathomimetic drugs administered as an intravenous infusion. The uterine and cardiovascular effects of fenoterol, hexoprenaline, ritodrine and salbutamol, given as intravenous infusions in equivalent and therapeutic dosages in oxytocin-induced labour, were studied... | [
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PMID:13502 | Studies of the pharmacology of a new antidepressant, S1694. | A new antidepressive drug, S1694, produces increased locomotor activity (LA) in mice, but less so than d-amphetamine. This effect is decreased by pimozide, phenoxybenzamine, as well as by pretreatment of the animals with reserpine or alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester (H44/68). S1694 inhibits active dopamine (DA) upt... | Studies of the pharmacology of a new antidepressant, S1694. A new antidepressive drug, S1694, produces increased locomotor activity (LA) in mice, but less so than d-amphetamine. This effect is decreased by pimozide, phenoxybenzamine, as well as by pretreatment of the animals with reserpine or alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine me... | [
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PMID:13503 | Enzymatic and hemodynamic changes after short term hepatic outflow occlusion in the dog. | In normal mongrel dogs, outflow occlusion of 15 or 30 minutes duration was produced by clamping both the suprahepatic and suprarenal portions of the vena cava. One dog died immediately after release of occlusion; two dogs died from recurrent hypotension between six and 24 hours postoperatively. The other five dogs surv... | Enzymatic and hemodynamic changes after short term hepatic outflow occlusion in the dog. In normal mongrel dogs, outflow occlusion of 15 or 30 minutes duration was produced by clamping both the suprahepatic and suprarenal portions of the vena cava. One dog died immediately after release of occlusion; two dogs died from... | [
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PMID:13504 | A review of recent advances in vascular smooth muscle pharmacology. | An understanding of the physiology of vascular smooth muscle and knowledge of the reaction of such muscle to certain drugs are essential for the development of a means of treating cerebral arterial spasm. The role of cyclic nucleotides in vascular smooth muscle activity is reviewed and possible therapeutic approaches a... | A review of recent advances in vascular smooth muscle pharmacology. An understanding of the physiology of vascular smooth muscle and knowledge of the reaction of such muscle to certain drugs are essential for the development of a means of treating cerebral arterial spasm. The role of cyclic nucleotides in vascular smoo... | [
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PMID:13505 | Bioavailability and generic prescribing. | Although oral drug bioinequivalence has been attributed to a number of causes (excipients, dosage form, variation in dissolution time, and aging) less is known about bioavailability problems of topical medications in ophthalmology. Factors that can alter drug absorption from solutions (pH, partition coefficient, contai... | Bioavailability and generic prescribing. Although oral drug bioinequivalence has been attributed to a number of causes (excipients, dosage form, variation in dissolution time, and aging) less is known about bioavailability problems of topical medications in ophthalmology. Factors that can alter drug absorption from sol... | [
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PMID:13510 | Total body potassium in cor pulmonale. | Total body potassium was measured in 12 patients with cor pulmonale, by determination of potassium-40, a naturally occurring radioisotope. In all subjects the observed value of total body potassium showed no significant depletion when compared with that predicted from height and age. All previous studies in similar gro... | Total body potassium in cor pulmonale. Total body potassium was measured in 12 patients with cor pulmonale, by determination of potassium-40, a naturally occurring radioisotope. In all subjects the observed value of total body potassium showed no significant depletion when compared with that predicted from height and a... | [
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PMID:13511 | Arterial blood gas tensions, hydrogen ion, and electroencephalogram during sleep in patients with chronic ventilatory failure. | We have studied arterial PO2, PCO2, and hydrogen ion and electroencephalogram during sleep in 10 patients with stable severe chronic respiratory failure. As a group the patients slept badly. Sleep was associated with a worsening of hypoxia and no significant change in PCO2 and H+. Two patients were restudied, receiving... | Arterial blood gas tensions, hydrogen ion, and electroencephalogram during sleep in patients with chronic ventilatory failure. We have studied arterial PO2, PCO2, and hydrogen ion and electroencephalogram during sleep in 10 patients with stable severe chronic respiratory failure. As a group the patients slept badly. Sl... | [
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PMID:13516 | Studies on the properties of the immunologically effective anti-tumor substance from spleen cells of tumor-resistant rats. | The influence of physical and chemical treatments upon the immunologically effective subcellular fractions (5,000 X g supernatant and 105,000 X g sediment), which were prepared from the spleen cells of Yoshida sarcoma (YS)-resistant Donryu rats, was studied. The immunological activity of the 5,000 X g supernatant was s... | Studies on the properties of the immunologically effective anti-tumor substance from spleen cells of tumor-resistant rats. The influence of physical and chemical treatments upon the immunologically effective subcellular fractions (5,000 X g supernatant and 105,000 X g sediment), which were prepared from the spleen cell... | [
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PMID:13520 | Minor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates. 1. General methods of analysis. | 3beta-Hydroxy sterols occurring at a concentration of at least 0.001% of the sterol mixtures of Pseudoplexaura porosa and Plexaura homomalla have been fractionated using a series of refined techniques and subsequently analyzed using combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the development of a procedure... | Minor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates. 1. General methods of analysis. 3beta-Hydroxy sterols occurring at a concentration of at least 0.001% of the sterol mixtures of Pseudoplexaura porosa and Plexaura homomalla have been fractionated using a series of refined techniques and subsequently analyzed using combin... | [
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PMID:13523 | Detection of serum-blocking factors by inhibition of allorosette formation in rats with long-surviving renal allografts following short-term postoperative ALS treatment. | Thirty-nine (LEW x BN)F1 kidneys were transplanted to LEW rats. Twenty-four untreated recipients survived for a mean time of 16.1 +/- 1.7 days (group 1). Fifteen recipients received 4 ml of antilymphocytic serum per rat (group 3). In the last group 10 recipients survived for more than 4 months. The spleen cells of thes... | Detection of serum-blocking factors by inhibition of allorosette formation in rats with long-surviving renal allografts following short-term postoperative ALS treatment. Thirty-nine (LEW x BN)F1 kidneys were transplanted to LEW rats. Twenty-four untreated recipients survived for a mean time of 16.1 +/- 1.7 days (group ... | [
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PMID:13521 | Cortical evoked potential and extracellular K+ and H+ at critical levels of brain ischemia. | As shown previously, the electrical function of the brain is critically dependent on cerebral blood flow in the sense that reduction beyond an ischemic threshold of approximately 15 ml/100 gm per minute (approximately 35% of control) in the baboon leads to complete failure of the somatosensory evoked response. This stu... | Cortical evoked potential and extracellular K+ and H+ at critical levels of brain ischemia. As shown previously, the electrical function of the brain is critically dependent on cerebral blood flow in the sense that reduction beyond an ischemic threshold of approximately 15 ml/100 gm per minute (approximately 35% of con... | [
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PMID:13525 | Deficiency in the thymus-dependent immunity in "lethargic" mutant mice. | T cell function of "lethargic" mutant mice which exhibit spontaneous thymic involution was evaluated by skin transplantation and graft-versus-host reaction tests. At 15 to 30 days of age, the mutant mice did not reject skin allografts, but by 45 days of age their response was normal. Spleen cells from 24-day-old mutant... | Deficiency in the thymus-dependent immunity in "lethargic" mutant mice. T cell function of "lethargic" mutant mice which exhibit spontaneous thymic involution was evaluated by skin transplantation and graft-versus-host reaction tests. At 15 to 30 days of age, the mutant mice did not reject skin allografts, but by 45 da... | [
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PMID:13526 | Epidemiologic study of arboviruses in the Arba-Minch district of Ethiopia. | A yellow fever outbreak occurred in 1966 in Arba-Minch District, east of Abaya Lake, in Ethiopia. The present study was undertaken to assess the southern limits of that epidemic and to contribute to the inventory of arboviruses and potential vectors in that area. In the highlands 90 sera were collected, in the lowlands... | Epidemiologic study of arboviruses in the Arba-Minch district of Ethiopia. A yellow fever outbreak occurred in 1966 in Arba-Minch District, east of Abaya Lake, in Ethiopia. The present study was undertaken to assess the southern limits of that epidemic and to contribute to the inventory of arboviruses and potential vec... | [
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PMID:13530 | [Experience with the use of viadril anesthesia]. | Based on experimental and clinical findings the authors concluded that a combination of viadril with neuroleptanalgesics shows a number of advantages over purely viadril anesthesia or its combination with other drugs for inhalation and intravenous anesthesia. The technic of thalmonal-viadril anesthesia is reported. | [Experience with the use of viadril anesthesia]. Based on experimental and clinical findings the authors concluded that a combination of viadril with neuroleptanalgesics shows a number of advantages over purely viadril anesthesia or its combination with other drugs for inhalation and intravenous anesthesia. The technic... | [
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PMID:13537 | [Adaptation to oxygen breathing]. | Controlled, dosed, uninterrupted and continuous oxygen treatment was applied in 63 patients with global respiratory insufficiency, through a nasopharyngeal catheter in concentrations to 30 per cent. PaO2, is elevated with and average of 12 mm mercury column after 30 minutes 25% oxygen breathing and PaCO2--at an average... | [Adaptation to oxygen breathing]. Controlled, dosed, uninterrupted and continuous oxygen treatment was applied in 63 patients with global respiratory insufficiency, through a nasopharyngeal catheter in concentrations to 30 per cent. PaO2, is elevated with and average of 12 mm mercury column after 30 minutes 25% oxygen ... | [
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PMID:13541 | [Postural hypotension: pathophysiology and clinical features (author's transl)]. | Circulatory regulation in response to postural changes follows mechanical rules, whereby the shifts in volume in the various organs of the body play an essential role. The change from the horizontal to the vertical position is accompanied by a decrease in pressure above the hydrostatic neutral point, i.e. in the cephal... | [Postural hypotension: pathophysiology and clinical features (author's transl)]. Circulatory regulation in response to postural changes follows mechanical rules, whereby the shifts in volume in the various organs of the body play an essential role. The change from the horizontal to the vertical position is accompanied ... | [
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PMID:13542 | [Early clinical symptoms and therapy of haemorrhages in old age (author's transl)]. | There is hardly a bleeding, where the extrinsic-and/or the intrinsic-system of the coagulation does not take part in. Haemorrhages represent a symptom only, and it is always to clear, if they are come from a local process of illness or from a general tendency of haemorrhage. There is point to the clinical differences o... | [Early clinical symptoms and therapy of haemorrhages in old age (author's transl)]. There is hardly a bleeding, where the extrinsic-and/or the intrinsic-system of the coagulation does not take part in. Haemorrhages represent a symptom only, and it is always to clear, if they are come from a local process of illness or ... | [
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PMID:13543 | [Duodenogastric reflux and anastomosis abscess. Experimental study]. | Different types of duodenal by-pass operations with and without duodenogastric reflux were performed on 54 male Wistar rats. The results of our investigation show that following duodenal by-pass with reflux peptic anastomotic ulcer regularly occurs. The constant reflux of bile and pancreas juice is the most important a... | [Duodenogastric reflux and anastomosis abscess. Experimental study]. Different types of duodenal by-pass operations with and without duodenogastric reflux were performed on 54 male Wistar rats. The results of our investigation show that following duodenal by-pass with reflux peptic anastomotic ulcer regularly occurs. T... | [
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PMID:13547 | [Histopathological study of the mosquito-bite infiltrate in patients with various underlying diseases and different medications]. | A histologic study was carried out on tissue-reactions after insect bits in 9 patients with various primary diseases. The clinical and cellular reactions to the bite in the epidermis varied, according to the length, intensity of toxity of the insect bit. The dermal infiltrate was similar in almost all cases and corresp... | [Histopathological study of the mosquito-bite infiltrate in patients with various underlying diseases and different medications]. A histologic study was carried out on tissue-reactions after insect bits in 9 patients with various primary diseases. The clinical and cellular reactions to the bite in the epidermis varied,... | [
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PMID:13548 | Non-equivalence and inverse allosteric response of the alpha and beta chains in haemoglobins. An electron spin resonance study of NO-ligated Hb Kansas. | The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of 15NO- and 14NO-ligated Hb Kansas have been measured at 77 K in the range of pH 5 TO 10. At low pH the ESR spectrum is the composite of a type I and a type II spectrum which changes to another composite of type I and type II spectrum at high pH. For the definition of type I a... | Non-equivalence and inverse allosteric response of the alpha and beta chains in haemoglobins. An electron spin resonance study of NO-ligated Hb Kansas. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of 15NO- and 14NO-ligated Hb Kansas have been measured at 77 K in the range of pH 5 TO 10. At low pH the ESR spectrum is the c... | [
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PMID:13549 | Kinetic analysis of the catalytic properties of peptides in ester hydrolysis. | The catalytic properties of peptides containing histidine, cysteine and aspartic acid in ester hydrolysis were studied. Saturation kinetics were found for the reaction of p-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) with Z-His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Cys-NH2 and Z-His-Ala-Gly-Cly-Cys-NH2. The Brönsted equation for the hydrolysis of tert-butyloxcar... | Kinetic analysis of the catalytic properties of peptides in ester hydrolysis. The catalytic properties of peptides containing histidine, cysteine and aspartic acid in ester hydrolysis were studied. Saturation kinetics were found for the reaction of p-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) with Z-His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Cys-NH2 and Z-His-Al... | [
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PMID:13550 | Light-dependent interactions of phenazine methosulfate with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-poisoned chloroplasts. | The chlorophyll fluorescence of isolated chloroplasts in the presence of phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) can be quenched in a light-depentdent reaction. This phenomenan has been studied and the following observations were made: 1. Quenching occurs under non-phosphorylatin... | Light-dependent interactions of phenazine methosulfate with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-poisoned chloroplasts. The chlorophyll fluorescence of isolated chloroplasts in the presence of phenazine methosulfate (PMS) and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) can be quenched in a light-depentdent reacti... | [
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PMID:13588 | Kinetics and properties of L-glutaminase and L-asparaginase activities of Pseudomonas ovalis. | Pseudomonas ovalis produces L-glutaminase and L-asparaginase activities simultaneously upon induction by L-glutamine or L-asparagin in the growth medium. Both activities are confined to the cell during active growth and are not released into the medium. The apparent Km values are 1.4 X 10(-2) M and 6 X 10(-3) M for L-g... | Kinetics and properties of L-glutaminase and L-asparaginase activities of Pseudomonas ovalis. Pseudomonas ovalis produces L-glutaminase and L-asparaginase activities simultaneously upon induction by L-glutamine or L-asparagin in the growth medium. Both activities are confined to the cell during active growth and are no... | [
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PMID:13589 | [Comparison in vitro between farm-yard manure and liquid manure (author's transl)]. | Spreading of liquid manure in a grassland ecosystem, stable since a long time when treated with farm-yard manure, brings out a great unbalance in the soil. In comparison of farm-yard manure, the liquid manure involves -- a decrease of C and N in the soil, -- a deterioration of the soil structure, -- a dangerous change ... | [Comparison in vitro between farm-yard manure and liquid manure (author's transl)]. Spreading of liquid manure in a grassland ecosystem, stable since a long time when treated with farm-yard manure, brings out a great unbalance in the soil. In comparison of farm-yard manure, the liquid manure involves -- a decrease of C... | [
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PMID:13590 | [Lymphogenic osteomyelitis of the foot (author's transl)]. | The special way of infection of the lymphogenic osteomyelitis caused by trivial trauma is demonstrated in 4 cases. Germ ascension is done by lymphatics or fissures in the tissue, as it is well known in the panaritium ossale. The treatment consists in removing the focus of infection, irrigation-suction drainage and spec... | [Lymphogenic osteomyelitis of the foot (author's transl)]. The special way of infection of the lymphogenic osteomyelitis caused by trivial trauma is demonstrated in 4 cases. Germ ascension is done by lymphatics or fissures in the tissue, as it is well known in the panaritium ossale. The treatment consists in removing t... | [
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PMID:13591 | Effect of cholera enterotoxin preparations on cutaneous response in rabbit under varied conditions. | Enterotoxic activity of two preparations obtained from Vibrio cholerae, B-53-6 Inaba and B-53-10 Ogawa was tested in ligated ileal loops of rabbit. The biologically active enterotoxic preparations were further used to study the permeability reaction in rabbit skin. Cutaneous response tended to be linear only with highe... | Effect of cholera enterotoxin preparations on cutaneous response in rabbit under varied conditions. Enterotoxic activity of two preparations obtained from Vibrio cholerae, B-53-6 Inaba and B-53-10 Ogawa was tested in ligated ileal loops of rabbit. The biologically active enterotoxic preparations were further used to st... | [
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PMID:13594 | Pyruvate metabolism in rat brain mitochondria. | 1. Oxidation of pyruvate by rat brain mitochondria was stimulated in state 3 by malate or succinate up to 250 nmoles O2/mg protein/min. Oxidation of malate, succinate, 2-oxoglutarate or glutamate as the sole substrates, was 1/4 - 1/5 that observed with pyruvate. 2. Maximum oxygen consumption in state 3 was observed at ... | Pyruvate metabolism in rat brain mitochondria. 1. Oxidation of pyruvate by rat brain mitochondria was stimulated in state 3 by malate or succinate up to 250 nmoles O2/mg protein/min. Oxidation of malate, succinate, 2-oxoglutarate or glutamate as the sole substrates, was 1/4 - 1/5 that observed with pyruvate. 2. Maximum... | [
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PMID:13595 | Purification and properties of two protease inhibitors from rat skin inhibiting papain and other SH-proteases. | Two papain inhibitors, I1 and I2, from rat skin extract were purified by affinity chromatography on KSCN-modified papain-agarose gel and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. I1 had a molecular weight of 74 000, a pI of 4.6, and it contained 4% of carbohydrates. I1 inhibited papain, ficin, bromelain, rat skin benzoylarg... | Purification and properties of two protease inhibitors from rat skin inhibiting papain and other SH-proteases. Two papain inhibitors, I1 and I2, from rat skin extract were purified by affinity chromatography on KSCN-modified papain-agarose gel and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. I1 had a molecular weight of 74 000... | [
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PMID:13596 | Histochemical studies on the mucins of the vertebrate tongues. VII. Histochemical analysis of mucosubstances in the tongues of some fishes. | The tongues of three fishes were investigated histochemically to determine the distribution and nature of mucosubstances by employing recent techniques and the results were considered comparatively with the lingual mucosubstances of other vertebrates. A heterogenous distribution of neutral mucosubstances, sulfomucins a... | Histochemical studies on the mucins of the vertebrate tongues. VII. Histochemical analysis of mucosubstances in the tongues of some fishes. The tongues of three fishes were investigated histochemically to determine the distribution and nature of mucosubstances by employing recent techniques and the results were conside... | [
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PMID:13597 | Histochemistry of Centroorhynchus falconis (Das, 1950). | With a view to augment the understanding of the animal mucosubstances in general and Acanthocephalan mucosubstances in particular, Acanthocephalan worms of (Centrorhynchus falconis, Das, 1950) were investigated histochemically by employing recent techniques. Variations in the intensity of histochemical reactions in dif... | Histochemistry of Centroorhynchus falconis (Das, 1950). With a view to augment the understanding of the animal mucosubstances in general and Acanthocephalan mucosubstances in particular, Acanthocephalan worms of (Centrorhynchus falconis, Das, 1950) were investigated histochemically by employing recent techniques. Varia... | [
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PMID:13599 | Intramuscular premedication with lorazepam. | Lorazepam is recognized as a tranquillizer. It is presented for intramuscular and intravenous injection. In a study of this drug's possible effects in premedication, its action was studied systematically when it was used for preoperative premedication. The drug has no side-effects other than drowsiness, which occurs in... | Intramuscular premedication with lorazepam. Lorazepam is recognized as a tranquillizer. It is presented for intramuscular and intravenous injection. In a study of this drug's possible effects in premedication, its action was studied systematically when it was used for preoperative premedication. The drug has no side-ef... | [
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PMID:13600 | The amnesic action of diazepam, flunitrazepam and lorazepam in man. | Studies in man show that it is possible to reliably study the incidence, degree and duration of amnesia produced by drugs by showing patients 10 postcards and testing their ability to recall or recognise them six hours later. Using this method of study it was found that 1 mg flunitrazepam produced a comparable degree o... | The amnesic action of diazepam, flunitrazepam and lorazepam in man. Studies in man show that it is possible to reliably study the incidence, degree and duration of amnesia produced by drugs by showing patients 10 postcards and testing their ability to recall or recognise them six hours later. Using this method of study... | [
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PMID:13601 | Comparative evaluation of neuromuscular blockade and reversibility of AH 8165 and pancuronium bromide in man. | The neuromuscular properties of AH 8165 were compared to those of pancuronium bromide in 66 patients during analgesic anesthesia procedures. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg AH 8165 and 0.04 mg/kg pancuronium bromide produced very similar degrees of non-depolarizing block. AH 8165 acted quicker and therefore gave better con... | Comparative evaluation of neuromuscular blockade and reversibility of AH 8165 and pancuronium bromide in man. The neuromuscular properties of AH 8165 were compared to those of pancuronium bromide in 66 patients during analgesic anesthesia procedures. Administration of 0.5 mg/kg AH 8165 and 0.04 mg/kg pancuronium bromid... | [
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PMID:13602 | Turku sugar studies XX. Microbiological findings and plaque index values in relation to 1-year use of xylitol chewing gum. | The aim was to study possible alterations in the microbial flora of plaque and saliva in relation to partial substitution of dietary sucrose with xylitol. The development of plaque index values was observed simultaneously. These observations were carried out during a 1-year clinical trial, the effects of sucrose (S) an... | Turku sugar studies XX. Microbiological findings and plaque index values in relation to 1-year use of xylitol chewing gum. The aim was to study possible alterations in the microbial flora of plaque and saliva in relation to partial substitution of dietary sucrose with xylitol. The development of plaque index values was... | [
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PMID:13603 | Turku sugar studies XXI. Xylitol, sorbitol-, fructose- and sucrose-induced physico-chemical changes in saliva. | The aim was to study eventual physico-chemical changes occurring in whole saliva due to sweetened and unsweetened stimulators. The assay was carried out in 10 female subjects with regard to changes of pH, buffering capacity and electrolytes in saliva as influenced by chewing of fructose, sucrose, sorbitol and xylitol g... | Turku sugar studies XXI. Xylitol, sorbitol-, fructose- and sucrose-induced physico-chemical changes in saliva. The aim was to study eventual physico-chemical changes occurring in whole saliva due to sweetened and unsweetened stimulators. The assay was carried out in 10 female subjects with regard to changes of pH, buff... | [
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PMID:13604 | Reduced inactivation of tyrosine aminotransferase in the prefused rat liver in the presence of ethanol. | The mode of action whereby alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha-MT) potentiates the behavioural effects induced by catecholamine receptor blocking antipsychotic drugs was investigated in rats trained to lever-press for food on a fixed-ratio 40 schedule of reinforcement. It was found that alpha-MT (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally -- ... | Reduced inactivation of tyrosine aminotransferase in the prefused rat liver in the presence of ethanol. The mode of action whereby alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha-MT) potentiates the behavioural effects induced by catecholamine receptor blocking antipsychotic drugs was investigated in rats trained to lever-press for food o... | [
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PMID:13605 | Potentiation by alpha-methyltyrosine of the suppression of food-reinforced lever-pressing behaviour induced by antipsychotic drugs. | The mode of action whereby alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha-MT) potentiates the behavioural effects induced by catecholamine receptor blocking antipsychotic drugs was investigated in rats trained to lever-press for food on a fixed-ratio 40 schedule of reinforcement. It was found that alpha-MT (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally - 4... | Potentiation by alpha-methyltyrosine of the suppression of food-reinforced lever-pressing behaviour induced by antipsychotic drugs. The mode of action whereby alpha-methyltyrosine (alpha-MT) potentiates the behavioural effects induced by catecholamine receptor blocking antipsychotic drugs was investigated in rats train... | [
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PMID:13606 | Characterization of the adrenergic beta-receptor in the urinary bladder of man and cat. | The corpus-fundus of the urinary bladder of man and cat was studied in vitro with respect to type of beta-adrenergic receptors. In both species beta-adrenergic stimulation produced marked relaxation but species differences were apparent. In the cat bladder only beta1-receptors were found. In the human bladder the beta-... | Characterization of the adrenergic beta-receptor in the urinary bladder of man and cat. The corpus-fundus of the urinary bladder of man and cat was studied in vitro with respect to type of beta-adrenergic receptors. In both species beta-adrenergic stimulation produced marked relaxation but species differences were appa... | [
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PMID:13607 | Cholinergic mechanisms in the learning and memory facilitating effect of caffeine. | Experiments are made to train rats in a maze involving memory tests 24 hours and 14 days after training. As it was established in previous studies of the authors, caffeine introduced in low doses (5 mg/kg) 5 min before training facilitates learning and memory. Applied immediately after training, caffeine even in higher... | Cholinergic mechanisms in the learning and memory facilitating effect of caffeine. Experiments are made to train rats in a maze involving memory tests 24 hours and 14 days after training. As it was established in previous studies of the authors, caffeine introduced in low doses (5 mg/kg) 5 min before training facilitat... | [
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PMID:13609 | Amylase, hepatic enzymes and bilirubin in serum of chronic alcoholics. | The serum concentration of bilirubin and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT, GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT, GPT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT), total amylase and pancreatic isoamylase have been determined in serum of 182 male chronic alcoholics. Twelve per cent had abnormally high levels of bil... | Amylase, hepatic enzymes and bilirubin in serum of chronic alcoholics. The serum concentration of bilirubin and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT, GOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT, GPT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT), total amylase and pancreatic isoamylase have been determined in serum of 182 mal... | [
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PMID:13613 | Oxygen transport and hemodynamics of stroma-free hemoglobin solutions. | The intravascular persistence of hb-W is significantly longer than of pyridoxylated hb (hb-PLP), however, no significant differences in BV were observed after isovolemic exchange of 20 ml/kg b.w. Even though the oxygen affinity of hb-PLP in vitro was reduced when compared to the affinity of hb-W significant differences... | Oxygen transport and hemodynamics of stroma-free hemoglobin solutions. The intravascular persistence of hb-W is significantly longer than of pyridoxylated hb (hb-PLP), however, no significant differences in BV were observed after isovolemic exchange of 20 ml/kg b.w. Even though the oxygen affinity of hb-PLP in vitro wa... | [
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PMID:13615 | Problems in determination of oxygen dissociation of avian blood. | No appreciable errors are expected in determination of blood gas values and pH using classical techniques provided time of anaerobic storage is kept small and is, if unavoidable performed on ice. In particular, dissociation curves may safely be analyzed with the Van Slyke technique which is in disagreement with the con... | Problems in determination of oxygen dissociation of avian blood. No appreciable errors are expected in determination of blood gas values and pH using classical techniques provided time of anaerobic storage is kept small and is, if unavoidable performed on ice. In particular, dissociation curves may safely be analyzed w... | [
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PMID:13616 | A theoretical model of the respiratory function of blood. | The model of the respiratory function of blood as outlined here is judged to be a powerful tool for the evaluation of the potential effects of changes in blood as well as tissue parameters upon the supply of oxygen to tissue. The erythrocyte-plasma disequilibria in lung and systemic capillaries which is a consequence o... | A theoretical model of the respiratory function of blood. The model of the respiratory function of blood as outlined here is judged to be a powerful tool for the evaluation of the potential effects of changes in blood as well as tissue parameters upon the supply of oxygen to tissue. The erythrocyte-plasma disequilibria... | [
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PMID:13627 | Control of prolactin secretion by the hypothalamic catecholamines. | The neuroendocrine control of prolactin secretion is very complex. Even though the hypothalamus exerts a profound inhibitory influence upon the secretion of this hormone, the mechanism(s) involved is poorly understood. The cerebrospinal fluid seems to be becoming increasingly important as regards neuroendocrine regulat... | Control of prolactin secretion by the hypothalamic catecholamines. The neuroendocrine control of prolactin secretion is very complex. Even though the hypothalamus exerts a profound inhibitory influence upon the secretion of this hormone, the mechanism(s) involved is poorly understood. The cerebrospinal fluid seems to b... | [
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PMID:13630 | [Immunologic relations between cattle and ticks, specifically between cattle and Boophilus microplus]. | In the present investigation, it has been demonstrated that cattle become resistant to ticks after several heavy infestations, particularly with B. microplus. During development of the infestations, antibodies against salivary glands of B. microplus were detected using 2 techniques: indirect immunofluorescence and immu... | [Immunologic relations between cattle and ticks, specifically between cattle and Boophilus microplus]. In the present investigation, it has been demonstrated that cattle become resistant to ticks after several heavy infestations, particularly with B. microplus. During development of the infestations, antibodies against... | [
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PMID:13631 | The occurrence of an intraerythrocytic microorganism Neitziella rezendei gen. nov. sp. nov. (Microtatobiotes, Rickettsiales) of poultry in Brazil. | An extremely polymorphous intraerythrocytic microorganism occurring in naturally infected turkeys, ducks and fowls has been discovered in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo. 2. Studies on the morphology and biology have shown that it is a hitherto undescribed heteroxenous parasite for which t... | The occurrence of an intraerythrocytic microorganism Neitziella rezendei gen. nov. sp. nov. (Microtatobiotes, Rickettsiales) of poultry in Brazil. An extremely polymorphous intraerythrocytic microorganism occurring in naturally infected turkeys, ducks and fowls has been discovered in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de ... | [
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PMID:13632 | Protease activity in female Ornithodoros tholozani ticks. | The protease activity in guts of Ornithodoros tholozani females was studied in vitro. The intracellular protease in Ornithodoros tholozani guts has a pH optimum of about 3.0. Hemoglobin is the preferred substrate, and bovine serum albumin is digested very slowly. In this respect the protease resembles cathepsin D. Unfe... | Protease activity in female Ornithodoros tholozani ticks. The protease activity in guts of Ornithodoros tholozani females was studied in vitro. The intracellular protease in Ornithodoros tholozani guts has a pH optimum of about 3.0. Hemoglobin is the preferred substrate, and bovine serum albumin is digested very slowly... | [
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PMID:13637 | Human sleeping sickness in the Gboko endemic area of Nigeria. | Human infection with Trypanosoma gambiense in the Gboko endemic area was first reported in May, 1974 although T. gambiense sleeping sickness had been present there since the turn of the century. The disease is associated with the presence of the tsetse Glossina tachinoides and Glossina palpalis which is plentiful and w... | Human sleeping sickness in the Gboko endemic area of Nigeria. Human infection with Trypanosoma gambiense in the Gboko endemic area was first reported in May, 1974 although T. gambiense sleeping sickness had been present there since the turn of the century. The disease is associated with the presence of the tsetse Gloss... | [
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PMID:13638 | Mel B toxicity in human trypanosomiasis in the Gboko endemic area of Nigeria. | Nine cases of Mel B (a melaminyl arsenical used in treating sleeping sickness patients who have developed central nervous system involvement) treated patients who developed reactions to the drug are described. They all developed high temperatures, pyrexia, diarrhoea, vomitting or itching and some had convulsions. Three... | Mel B toxicity in human trypanosomiasis in the Gboko endemic area of Nigeria. Nine cases of Mel B (a melaminyl arsenical used in treating sleeping sickness patients who have developed central nervous system involvement) treated patients who developed reactions to the drug are described. They all developed high temperat... | [
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PMID:13639 | Principles of complementation interaction of ts mutants of orthomyxoviruses. | The possibility of complementation between ts mutants of fowl plague virus (FPV) belonging to 5 different complementation groups was studied using various time intervals between inoculation of the cells with two complementation partners. The structural proteins of virions formed on complementation of individual ts muta... | Principles of complementation interaction of ts mutants of orthomyxoviruses. The possibility of complementation between ts mutants of fowl plague virus (FPV) belonging to 5 different complementation groups was studied using various time intervals between inoculation of the cells with two complementation partners. The s... | [
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PMID:13640 | Influence of host cell type on the density of herpes simplex virus particles. | The densities of purified herpes simplex virus (HSV) particles prepared from infected rabbit lung (ZP) and baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells were investigated in potassium tartrate (PT) and potassium citrate (PC) density gradients. Virions obtained from ZP cells exhibited a higher density than those from BHK-21 cells.... | Influence of host cell type on the density of herpes simplex virus particles. The densities of purified herpes simplex virus (HSV) particles prepared from infected rabbit lung (ZP) and baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells were investigated in potassium tartrate (PT) and potassium citrate (PC) density gradients. Virions o... | [
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PMID:13641 | Reversible inhibition of interferon-induced antiviral state by deoxyadenosine. | Deoxyadenosine reversibly inhibited the development of antiviral state (AVS) in chick embryo fibroblasts stimulated by interferon. Studies on cellular macromolecular syntheses in deoxyadenosine-treated cells suggested that the inhibition was related to nucleolar RNA synthesis. Reference experiments with actinomycin D a... | Reversible inhibition of interferon-induced antiviral state by deoxyadenosine. Deoxyadenosine reversibly inhibited the development of antiviral state (AVS) in chick embryo fibroblasts stimulated by interferon. Studies on cellular macromolecular syntheses in deoxyadenosine-treated cells suggested that the inhibition was... | [
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PMID:13642 | Study of the priming effect of interferon in L cells. I. The primed interferon response and the kinetics of development of priming. | Interferon was detected one hour earlier, its production followed an enhanced pattern and became resistant to actinomycin D 30 minutes sooner in cultures primed by interferon pretreatment before stimulation by polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid than in unprimed cultures. The kinetics of development of the primed s... | Study of the priming effect of interferon in L cells. I. The primed interferon response and the kinetics of development of priming. Interferon was detected one hour earlier, its production followed an enhanced pattern and became resistant to actinomycin D 30 minutes sooner in cultures primed by interferon pretreatment ... | [
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PMID:13643 | Phenothiazine-induced alterations of immune response in experimental tick-borne encephalitis: morphological model analysis of events. | The depressive effect of trifluoperazine (TFP), a phenothiazine derivative, on the morphology of the development of immune response (IR) (humoral and cell-mediated component) was studied in mice given tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or the BCG vaccine. This effect was manifested by a d... | Phenothiazine-induced alterations of immune response in experimental tick-borne encephalitis: morphological model analysis of events. The depressive effect of trifluoperazine (TFP), a phenothiazine derivative, on the morphology of the development of immune response (IR) (humoral and cell-mediated component) was studied... | [
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PMID:13644 | Influence of temperatures corresponding to those of the host animals on Tahyna virus. | The influence of temperature of 36.5 and 39.2 degrees C on uncloned low passage Tahyna virus in chick embryo cell cultures was studied in the course of 10 passages. At a high multiplicity of infection, the virus titres showed a considerable variability, especially at 39.2 degrees C. The cytopathic effect (CPE) apparent... | Influence of temperatures corresponding to those of the host animals on Tahyna virus. The influence of temperature of 36.5 and 39.2 degrees C on uncloned low passage Tahyna virus in chick embryo cell cultures was studied in the course of 10 passages. At a high multiplicity of infection, the virus titres showed a consid... | [
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PMID:13645 | Influence of temperature corresponding to that of the vector on Tahyna virus. | The behaviour of uncloned, low-passage Tahyna virus in an Aedes albopictus (AA) cell line at 28 and 20 degrees C was studied in the course of 10 passages. The virus multiplied at both temperatures without any apparent effect on the host cell. At 28 and 20 degrees C reduction of plaque size, decrease of peripheral virul... | Influence of temperature corresponding to that of the vector on Tahyna virus. The behaviour of uncloned, low-passage Tahyna virus in an Aedes albopictus (AA) cell line at 28 and 20 degrees C was studied in the course of 10 passages. The virus multiplied at both temperatures without any apparent effect on the host cell.... | [
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PMID:13646 | Cultivation of Lednice (Yaba 1) virus in goose, duck, and chick embryo cells. | Lednice (Yaba 1) virus was found to multiply in primary cultures of goose, duck and chick embryo cells. The size of inoculum and age of embryos used for preparation of primary cultures was decisive for the amount of multiplied virus. One strain (110) of Lednice virus showed reduced ability to induce a cytopathic effect... | Cultivation of Lednice (Yaba 1) virus in goose, duck, and chick embryo cells. Lednice (Yaba 1) virus was found to multiply in primary cultures of goose, duck and chick embryo cells. The size of inoculum and age of embryos used for preparation of primary cultures was decisive for the amount of multiplied virus. One stra... | [
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PMID:13648 | Systematic management of the anxious patient. | The patient usually consults his family physician because of the physical symptoms of anxiety, usually cardiorespiratory, but often gastrointestinal or musculoskeletal. An organized, systematic approach includes these steps: an invitation to talk; identifying the problem; understanding the patient's wishes; choosing an... | Systematic management of the anxious patient. The patient usually consults his family physician because of the physical symptoms of anxiety, usually cardiorespiratory, but often gastrointestinal or musculoskeletal. An organized, systematic approach includes these steps: an invitation to talk; identifying the problem; u... | [
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PMID:13650 | Observations of plasma secretin levels by radioimmunoassay in response to duodenal acidification and to a meat meal in humans. | The endogenous release of secretin in healthy human subjects was studied by measuring plasma secretin levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA) before, during, and following duodenal acidification and eating a meal. The sensitivity of our RIA was assessed by measuring plasma secretin levels during constant intravenous infusions... | Observations of plasma secretin levels by radioimmunoassay in response to duodenal acidification and to a meat meal in humans. The endogenous release of secretin in healthy human subjects was studied by measuring plasma secretin levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA) before, during, and following duodenal acidification and e... | [
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PMID:13651 | Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and serum motilin levels. | The gastrointestinal hormone motilin has recently been proposed as having a physiological role in the determination of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) strength. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of gastric alkalinization of LES pressure and serum motilin levels. Instillation of 0.1N NaHCO3 into th... | Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and serum motilin levels. The gastrointestinal hormone motilin has recently been proposed as having a physiological role in the determination of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) strength. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of gastric alkalinization of LES pressure... | [
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PMID:13647 | Imminent shock; a useful diagnosis in drug pathology. | A research has been carried out on a total of 121 persons with survival post-drug shock (DS), which registered 192 DS. Mention should be made of their predominance in the feminine sex (85 per cent) and their maximum frequency between the ages of 21-50 (average age 34). DS was the first adverse reaction to drugs in 71 p... | Imminent shock; a useful diagnosis in drug pathology. A research has been carried out on a total of 121 persons with survival post-drug shock (DS), which registered 192 DS. Mention should be made of their predominance in the feminine sex (85 per cent) and their maximum frequency between the ages of 21-50 (average age 3... | [
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PMID:13652 | Effect of methylated PGE2 analogs given orally on pancreatic response to secretin in man. | The effect of two methylated PGE2 analogs given orally on the pancreatic response to intravenous secretin has been studied in 8 healthy subjects. The secretion of bicarbonate was not changed by these PGE2 analogs. The secretion of enzymes during infusion of PGE2 analogs was significantly greater than in the control. | Effect of methylated PGE2 analogs given orally on pancreatic response to secretin in man. The effect of two methylated PGE2 analogs given orally on the pancreatic response to intravenous secretin has been studied in 8 healthy subjects. The secretion of bicarbonate was not changed by these PGE2 analogs. The secretion of... | [
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PMID:13653 | Renal proximal tubular dysfunction and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. | A patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, who required many blood transfusions for hemolytic episodes, had a persistent hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Bicarbonate infusion demonstrated a large fractional excretion of bicarbonate (28.6 per cent at a plasma bicarbonate level of 23 meq/liter) which was consi... | Renal proximal tubular dysfunction and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. A patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, who required many blood transfusions for hemolytic episodes, had a persistent hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Bicarbonate infusion demonstrated a large fractional excretion of bicarbonate (... | [
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