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PMID:14930 | Studies on the microsomal electron-transport system of anaerobically grown yeast. IV. Purification and characterization of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. | The presence of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase [EC 1.6.2.2] in microsomes from anaerobically grown yeast was confirmed by its isolation and purification. The purified preparation of the reductase showed an apparent molecular weight of 27,000 daltons. The reductase appeared to contain loosely-bound FAD as a prosthetic gro... | Studies on the microsomal electron-transport system of anaerobically grown yeast. IV. Purification and characterization of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase. The presence of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase [EC 1.6.2.2] in microsomes from anaerobically grown yeast was confirmed by its isolation and purification. The purified pr... | [
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PMID:14931 | Studies on the microsomal electron-transport system of anaerobically grown yeast. V. Purification and characterization of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. | A flavoprotein catalyzing the reduction of cytochrome c by NADPH was solubilized and purified from microsomes of yeast grown anaerobically. The cytochrome c reductase had an apparent molecular weight of 70,000 daltons and contained one mole each of FAD and FMN per mole of enzyme. The reductase could reduce some redox d... | Studies on the microsomal electron-transport system of anaerobically grown yeast. V. Purification and characterization of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. A flavoprotein catalyzing the reduction of cytochrome c by NADPH was solubilized and purified from microsomes of yeast grown anaerobically. The cytochrome c reductase h... | [
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PMID:14932 | I-protein, a new regulatory protein from vertebrate skeletal muscle. III. Function. | I-protein inhibited theMg-activated ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] activity of actinomyosin by approximately 50% at low ionic strength. Concomitantly, the onset of superprecipitation was retarded. I-protein was found to bind to myosin, but not to F-actin. The inhibitory action of I-protein occurred only in the absence of Ca ions ... | I-protein, a new regulatory protein from vertebrate skeletal muscle. III. Function. I-protein inhibited theMg-activated ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] activity of actinomyosin by approximately 50% at low ionic strength. Concomitantly, the onset of superprecipitation was retarded. I-protein was found to bind to myosin, but not to ... | [
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PMID:14933 | Kinetic studies on the ADP-ATP exchange reaction catalyzed by Na+, K+-dependent ATPase. Evidence for the K.S.T. mechanism with two enzyme-ATP complexes and two phosphorylated intermediates of high-energy type. | The kinetic properties of the [3H]ADP-ATP exchange reaction catalyzed by Na+, K+-dependent ATPase [EC 3.6.1,3] were investigated, using NaI-treated microsomes from bovine brain, and the following results were obtained. 1. The rates of the Na+-dependent exchange reaction in the steady state were measured in a solution c... | Kinetic studies on the ADP-ATP exchange reaction catalyzed by Na+, K+-dependent ATPase. Evidence for the K.S.T. mechanism with two enzyme-ATP complexes and two phosphorylated intermediates of high-energy type. The kinetic properties of the [3H]ADP-ATP exchange reaction catalyzed by Na+, K+-dependent ATPase [EC 3.6.1,3]... | [
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PMID:14934 | Spontaneous deamidation of a protein antibiotic, neocarzinostatin, at weakly acidic pH. Conversion to a homologous inactive preneocarzinostatin due to change of asparagine 83 to aspartic acid 83 accompanied by conformational and biological alterations. | The amide content of neocarzinostatin (NCS), an antitumor protein, has been determined by analysing asparagine and glutamine in the Pronase-aminopeptidase M digests of tetra-S-carboxymethyl-NCS and carboxyl-modified NCS (modified with a water-soluble carbodiimide and [14C]glycine methyl ester). Preneocarzinostatin (PRE... | Spontaneous deamidation of a protein antibiotic, neocarzinostatin, at weakly acidic pH. Conversion to a homologous inactive preneocarzinostatin due to change of asparagine 83 to aspartic acid 83 accompanied by conformational and biological alterations. The amide content of neocarzinostatin (NCS), an antitumor protein, ... | [
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PMID:14935 | Kallikrein inhibitors in rat plasma. | The kallikrein inhibitor contents of human and animal plasma were determined with glandular kallikreins [EC 3.4.21.8]. One ml of plasma could inactivate 20-700 kallikrein units (KU). Rat plasma was the most potent and inactivated 230-700 KU. However, no enzyme capable of inactivating kallikrein could be found in this p... | Kallikrein inhibitors in rat plasma. The kallikrein inhibitor contents of human and animal plasma were determined with glandular kallikreins [EC 3.4.21.8]. One ml of plasma could inactivate 20-700 kallikrein units (KU). Rat plasma was the most potent and inactivated 230-700 KU. However, no enzyme capable of inactivatin... | [
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PMID:14936 | Studies on the catalytic action of poly-alpha-amino acids. VII. Stereospecificity in the enzyme-like hydrolysis of benzoyl-L-(D)-arginine-p-nitroanilides by copoly (Cys, Glu). | The substrate specificity in the hydrolysis of L-, DL-, and D-BAPA (benzoylarginine-p-nitro-anilide) by copoly (L-Cys, L-Glu) and copoly (D-Cys, D-Glu) was studied, and enzyme-like stereospecific hydrolyses by poly-alpha-amino acids were identified for the first time. The L-type copolymer hydrolyzed L-BAPA faster than ... | Studies on the catalytic action of poly-alpha-amino acids. VII. Stereospecificity in the enzyme-like hydrolysis of benzoyl-L-(D)-arginine-p-nitroanilides by copoly (Cys, Glu). The substrate specificity in the hydrolysis of L-, DL-, and D-BAPA (benzoylarginine-p-nitro-anilide) by copoly (L-Cys, L-Glu) and copoly (D-Cys,... | [
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PMID:14937 | DTNB modification of SH groups of isocitrate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus purified by affinity chromatography. | A new method of affinity chromatography using blue dextran-Sepharose 4B resin was established to purify NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.42] from Bacillus stearothermophilus in high yield. The purified preparation was found to be homogeneous on disc gel electrophoresis. The SH groups of the enzyme wer... | DTNB modification of SH groups of isocitrate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus purified by affinity chromatography. A new method of affinity chromatography using blue dextran-Sepharose 4B resin was established to purify NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.42] from Bacillus stearothermophilus... | [
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PMID:14938 | Kinetics of conformational change of troponin-C induced by proton binding or removal in the absence of calcium ions. | The kinetics of the conformational change of troponin-C induced by binding or removal of protons was studied by a stopped-flow pH-jump spectrofluorometric method. In the pH-down experiment (to investigate the kinetics of conformational change from the deprotonated state to the protonated state), a single first-order re... | Kinetics of conformational change of troponin-C induced by proton binding or removal in the absence of calcium ions. The kinetics of the conformational change of troponin-C induced by binding or removal of protons was studied by a stopped-flow pH-jump spectrofluorometric method. In the pH-down experiment (to investigat... | [
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PMID:14939 | Self-assembly of myosin in vitro caused by rapid dilution. Effects of hydrogen ion, potassium chloride, and protein concentrations. | The in vitro assembly of rabbit skeletal myosin was studied by flow birefringence. Filaments were obtained from a solution of myosin in 0.5 M KCl by rapid dilution to lower ionic strength. In most cases, the filament length as determined from extinction angle measurements increased or decreased gradually for about 1 h ... | Self-assembly of myosin in vitro caused by rapid dilution. Effects of hydrogen ion, potassium chloride, and protein concentrations. The in vitro assembly of rabbit skeletal myosin was studied by flow birefringence. Filaments were obtained from a solution of myosin in 0.5 M KCl by rapid dilution to lower ionic strength.... | [
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PMID:14940 | Temperature induced transition of the pH-activity curve of heavy meromyosin adenosine triphosphatase and inosine triphosphatase. | The pH-activity curve of heavy meromyosin ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] was measured at various temperatures. The pH-activity curve at higher temperatures showed a maximum at low pH and a minimum at pH 7 to 8 as has been already reported. At lower temperatures it was sigmoidal in shape, similar to a simple dissociation curve of ... | Temperature induced transition of the pH-activity curve of heavy meromyosin adenosine triphosphatase and inosine triphosphatase. The pH-activity curve of heavy meromyosin ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] was measured at various temperatures. The pH-activity curve at higher temperatures showed a maximum at low pH and a minimum at pH... | [
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PMID:14941 | Temperature dependence of the decay of the UV absorption difference spectrum of heavy meromyosin induced by adenosine triphosphate and inosine triphosphate. | The UV absorption difference spectrum of heavy meromyosin induced by ATP was measured at various temperatures. At higher temperatures, the difference spectrum formed rapidly after adding ATP and continued steadily during the steady state which we have called the ATP-form of difference spectrum. At lower temperatures, t... | Temperature dependence of the decay of the UV absorption difference spectrum of heavy meromyosin induced by adenosine triphosphate and inosine triphosphate. The UV absorption difference spectrum of heavy meromyosin induced by ATP was measured at various temperatures. At higher temperatures, the difference spectrum form... | [
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PMID:14942 | Acceptor activity of subcellular membranes for two terminal sugars, galactose and sialic acid. | The acceptor activities of subcellular membrane preparations for the terminal sugars, galactose and sialic acid, were compared using a Golgi fraction purified from rat liver as an exogenous emzymes source for sugar transfer. Data are presented which strongly suggest that completion of carbohydrate chains of membrane gl... | Acceptor activity of subcellular membranes for two terminal sugars, galactose and sialic acid. The acceptor activities of subcellular membrane preparations for the terminal sugars, galactose and sialic acid, were compared using a Golgi fraction purified from rat liver as an exogenous emzymes source for sugar transfer. ... | [
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PMID:14943 | A novel and simple colorimetric assay for human serum lipase. | A new and simple colorimetric method for human serum lipase [EC 3.1.1.3] assay has been developed, using 2,3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol tributyroate as a substrate, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitro-benzoic acid) as a chromogenic reagent, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride as an inhibitor of serum esterases, and sodium dodecylsulfate as a ... | A novel and simple colorimetric assay for human serum lipase. A new and simple colorimetric method for human serum lipase [EC 3.1.1.3] assay has been developed, using 2,3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol tributyroate as a substrate, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitro-benzoic acid) as a chromogenic reagent, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride as an... | [
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PMID:14944 | Nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase associated with cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. | Nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase [EC 3.6.1.15] activity was found to be included in silkworm cytoplasmic polyhedrosis (CP) virus, which synthesizes mRNA carrying the 5'-terminal modification. This enzyme releases orthophosphate from the gamma-position in a nucleoside triphosphate, leaving nucleoside diphosphate... | Nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase associated with cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. Nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase [EC 3.6.1.15] activity was found to be included in silkworm cytoplasmic polyhedrosis (CP) virus, which synthesizes mRNA carrying the 5'-terminal modification. This enzyme releases orthophosp... | [
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PMID:14945 | Effects of polyamines on the degradation of ribonucleic acids by polynucleotide phosphorylase of Micrococcus luteus. | The effects of polyamines on the breakdown of synthetic polynucleotides [poly(A), poly(C), and poly(U)] by polynucleotide phosphorylase [polyribonucleotide: orthophosphate nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.8] from Micrococcus luteus have been studied. Although the breakdown of all the synthetic polynucleotides tested wa... | Effects of polyamines on the degradation of ribonucleic acids by polynucleotide phosphorylase of Micrococcus luteus. The effects of polyamines on the breakdown of synthetic polynucleotides [poly(A), poly(C), and poly(U)] by polynucleotide phosphorylase [polyribonucleotide: orthophosphate nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.... | [
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PMID:14946 | The reactions of phenylglyoxal and related reagents with amino acids. | 1. The reaction of phenylglyoxal (PGO), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO) with amino acids were investigated at mild pH values at 25 degrees. These aldehydes reacted most rapidly with arginine and the rate of reaction increased with increasing pH values. Histidine, cystine, glycine, tryptophan, asparagine, glutamin... | The reactions of phenylglyoxal and related reagents with amino acids. 1. The reaction of phenylglyoxal (PGO), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO) with amino acids were investigated at mild pH values at 25 degrees. These aldehydes reacted most rapidly with arginine and the rate of reaction increased with increasing pH... | [
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PMID:14947 | The structure and function of acid proteases. VII. Distribution and some properties of acid proteases in monkey tissues. | 1. The distribution of acid protease activity in various tissues of Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata) was investigated with hemoglobin as a substrate at pH 3.0. The activity per protein weight in crude extracts was highest in spleen and lung, and decreased in the order: spleen, lung greater than kidney, testis g... | The structure and function of acid proteases. VII. Distribution and some properties of acid proteases in monkey tissues. 1. The distribution of acid protease activity in various tissues of Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata) was investigated with hemoglobin as a substrate at pH 3.0. The activity per protein weight... | [
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PMID:14948 | Studies on the heterotropic interaction of hemoglobin. I. Mass spectrometric method for determination of the pKa of the beta-146 histidine residue in human hemoglobin. | A mass spectrometric method was developed to determine pH-dependent hydrogen-deuterium exchange at the C-2 position of the imidazole ring of histidine, after converting the amino acid to the methylthiohydantoin derivative. The amount of deuterium exchange in N-acetyl-histidine estimated by the present method was confir... | Studies on the heterotropic interaction of hemoglobin. I. Mass spectrometric method for determination of the pKa of the beta-146 histidine residue in human hemoglobin. A mass spectrometric method was developed to determine pH-dependent hydrogen-deuterium exchange at the C-2 position of the imidazole ring of histidine, ... | [
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PMID:14949 | Glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis PCI 219. I. Purification and properties. | Bacillus subtilis PCI 219 has a single glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) [EC 1.4.1.3] with dual coenzyme specificity [for NAD(H) and NADP(H)]. The enzyme was purified 800-fold from crude extracts of B. subtilis from the post-exponential phase of growth and showed one significant protein band on gel electrophoresis. This ba... | Glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis PCI 219. I. Purification and properties. Bacillus subtilis PCI 219 has a single glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) [EC 1.4.1.3] with dual coenzyme specificity [for NAD(H) and NADP(H)]. The enzyme was purified 800-fold from crude extracts of B. subtilis from the post-exponential... | [
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PMID:14950 | Purificantion and characterization of inorganic pyrophosphatase from Thiobacillus thiooxidans. | An inorganic pyrophosphatase [EC 3.6.1.1] was isolated from Thiobacillus thiooxidans and purified 975-fold to a state of apparent homogeneity. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate and no activity was found with a variety of other phosphate esters. The cation Mg2+ was required for maximum activ... | Purificantion and characterization of inorganic pyrophosphatase from Thiobacillus thiooxidans. An inorganic pyrophosphatase [EC 3.6.1.1] was isolated from Thiobacillus thiooxidans and purified 975-fold to a state of apparent homogeneity. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate and no activity was... | [
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PMID:14951 | Purification of hyaluronidase from human placenta. | Hyaluronidase [EC 3.2.1.35] was isolated from human placenta and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. Its isoelectric point was at pH 5.2 and the molecular weight was 7 X 10(4) based on Sephadex G-200 gel filtration data. This enzyme was ... | Purification of hyaluronidase from human placenta. Hyaluronidase [EC 3.2.1.35] was isolated from human placenta and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. Its isoelectric point was at pH 5.2 and the molecular weight was 7 X 10(4) based on S... | [
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PMID:14952 | Reaction of chlorocruorin with heme iron ligands and carbonyl reagents. | Chlorocruorin was purified from Potamilla leptochaeta and the spectral properties of its derivatives wwere investigated. Ferri- or ferrochlorocruorin did not exhibits a ferrihemochrome or ferrohemochrome spectrum, respectively. Oxy- and carbonmonoxy-ferrochlorocruorin did show ferrohemochrome-type spectra. Ferrihemochr... | Reaction of chlorocruorin with heme iron ligands and carbonyl reagents. Chlorocruorin was purified from Potamilla leptochaeta and the spectral properties of its derivatives wwere investigated. Ferri- or ferrochlorocruorin did not exhibits a ferrihemochrome or ferrohemochrome spectrum, respectively. Oxy- and carbonmonox... | [
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PMID:14953 | Molecular architecture of cytochrome oxidase and its transition on treatment with alkali or sodium dodecyl sulfate. | In dimeric cytochrome oxidase [EC 1.9.3.1], one of the two heme a molecules of one monomeric unit has been proposed to be converted by the other unit, thus becoming latent in terms of catalytic functions (1). As the dimer was split into two monomers by treatment with alkali or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), it was shown... | Molecular architecture of cytochrome oxidase and its transition on treatment with alkali or sodium dodecyl sulfate. In dimeric cytochrome oxidase [EC 1.9.3.1], one of the two heme a molecules of one monomeric unit has been proposed to be converted by the other unit, thus becoming latent in terms of catalytic functions ... | [
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PMID:14954 | Reconstitution of vesicles capable of energy transformation from phospholipids and adenosine triphosphatase of a thermophilic bacterium. | 1. A stable ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] complex (TF0-F1) from the thermophilic bacterium PS3 was reconstituted into vesicles capable of energy transformation,measured as ATP-dependent enhancement of fluorescence of 8-anilinonoaphthalene-1-sulfonate. 2. The factors necessary for obtaining highly active vesicles were investigate... | Reconstitution of vesicles capable of energy transformation from phospholipids and adenosine triphosphatase of a thermophilic bacterium. 1. A stable ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] complex (TF0-F1) from the thermophilic bacterium PS3 was reconstituted into vesicles capable of energy transformation,measured as ATP-dependent enhance... | [
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PMID:14955 | Proteases from purulent sputum. Purification and properties of the elastase and chymotrypsin-like enzymes. | A procedure is described for the purification of the elastase and chymotrypsin-like enzymes from purulent sputum. This procedure permitted the isolation of 132 mg and 120 mg of the elastase and chymotrypsin-like enzymes, respectively, from 230 g of purulent sputum. The elastase enzymes consist of a family of five isozy... | Proteases from purulent sputum. Purification and properties of the elastase and chymotrypsin-like enzymes. A procedure is described for the purification of the elastase and chymotrypsin-like enzymes from purulent sputum. This procedure permitted the isolation of 132 mg and 120 mg of the elastase and chymotrypsin-like e... | [
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PMID:14956 | Tryptic cleavage of rat liver sulfite oxidase. Isolation and characterization of molybdenum and heme domains. | Treatment of rat liver sulfite oxidase with trypsin leads to loss of ability to oxidize sulfite in the presence of cytochrome c as electron acceptor. Ability to oxidize sulfite with ferricyanide as acceptor is undiminished, while sulfite leads to O2 activity is partially retained. Gel filtration of the proteolytic prod... | Tryptic cleavage of rat liver sulfite oxidase. Isolation and characterization of molybdenum and heme domains. Treatment of rat liver sulfite oxidase with trypsin leads to loss of ability to oxidize sulfite in the presence of cytochrome c as electron acceptor. Ability to oxidize sulfite with ferricyanide as acceptor is ... | [
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PMID:14957 | Asparagine transaminase from rat liver. | Asparagine transaminase has been purified about 200-fold from rat liver. The enzyme has a broad specificity toward both amino acids and alpha-keto acids. Thus, amino acids substituted in the beta position such as asparagine, S-methylcysteine, phenylalanine, cysteine, serine, and aspartate are substrates. The enzyme is ... | Asparagine transaminase from rat liver. Asparagine transaminase has been purified about 200-fold from rat liver. The enzyme has a broad specificity toward both amino acids and alpha-keto acids. Thus, amino acids substituted in the beta position such as asparagine, S-methylcysteine, phenylalanine, cysteine, serine, and ... | [
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PMID:14958 | Quantitative determination of carbamino adducts of alpha and beta chains in human adult hemoglobin in presence and absence of carbon monoxide and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. | The principal component of normal adult human hemoglobin was equilibrated under various conditions with 13CO2. Quantitative analysis of the carbamino resonance intensities over the pH range of 6.5 to 9.0 shows that the effects of conversion from the deoxy to the liganded state in reducing the carbamino adduct formation... | Quantitative determination of carbamino adducts of alpha and beta chains in human adult hemoglobin in presence and absence of carbon monoxide and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. The principal component of normal adult human hemoglobin was equilibrated under various conditions with 13CO2. Quantitative analysis of the carbamino ... | [
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PMID:14959 | Distribution of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in invertebrates. | The sulfated mucopolysaccharide composition of 22 species of invertebrates belonging to the phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Tunicata, Echinodermata, Coelenterata, and Porifera was analyzed. It is shown that all the species contain variable amounts of one or more types of sulfated mocopolysaccharides, most of whic... | Distribution of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in invertebrates. The sulfated mucopolysaccharide composition of 22 species of invertebrates belonging to the phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Tunicata, Echinodermata, Coelenterata, and Porifera was analyzed. It is shown that all the species contain variable amounts of ... | [
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PMID:14960 | Proton magnetic relaxation of aspartate transcarbamylase - succinate complexes. | Nuclear magnetic relaxation methods were used to investigate the interaction of the inhibitor succinate with aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli. Over the pH range 7 to 9, the dissociation constant for succinate remains less than the inhibitor concentration used for most of this work (0.05 M). As a result,... | Proton magnetic relaxation of aspartate transcarbamylase - succinate complexes. Nuclear magnetic relaxation methods were used to investigate the interaction of the inhibitor succinate with aspartate transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli. Over the pH range 7 to 9, the dissociation constant for succinate remains less th... | [
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PMID:14961 | Two distinct types of trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase specified by R-plasmids of different compatibility groups. | R-Plasmids from a number of trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli and Citrobacter sp. were studied after transfer to E. coli K12 hosts. Each was found to specify a dihydrofolate reductase which was resistant to trimethoprim and Methotrexate, and which could be completely separated from the host chromosomal enzyme by ... | Two distinct types of trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase specified by R-plasmids of different compatibility groups. R-Plasmids from a number of trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli and Citrobacter sp. were studied after transfer to E. coli K12 hosts. Each was found to specify a dihydrofolate reductase wh... | [
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PMID:14962 | Porcine A blood group-specific N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. I. Purification from porcine submaxillary glands. | The membrane-bound N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from porcine submaxillary glands which provides A blood group specificity to mucin has been purified 38,000-fold by affinity chromatography on UDP-hesanolamine-agarose in aqueous Triton X-100. Design of a suitable purification procedure was developed by assessing the... | Porcine A blood group-specific N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. I. Purification from porcine submaxillary glands. The membrane-bound N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from porcine submaxillary glands which provides A blood group specificity to mucin has been purified 38,000-fold by affinity chromatography on UDP-hesa... | [
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PMID:14963 | Porcine A blood group-specific N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. | Porcine A blood group-specific N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase required either Mn2+, Cd2+, or Zn2+ for activity and 2'-O-alpha-fucosylgalactosides as acceptor substrates. The presence of detergent stabilizes the enzyme but is not essential for catalysis. To obtain information about the kinetic mechanism of the trans... | Porcine A blood group-specific N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Porcine A blood group-specific N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase required either Mn2+, Cd2+, or Zn2+ for activity and 2'-O-alpha-fucosylgalactosides as acceptor substrates. The presence of detergent stabilizes the enzyme but is not essential for catalys... | [
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PMID:14964 | Chemical modification of the histidine residue in phospholipase A2 (Naja naja naja). A case of half-site reactivity. | Reaction of phospholipase A2 (Naja naja naja) with p-bromophenacyl bromidine leads to almost complete loss of enzymatic activity. The rate of inactivation is pH-dependent with pKa equals 6.9 for the ionizing residue. p-Bromophenacyl bromide modifies 0.5 mol of histidine/mol of enzyme as judged by amino acid analysis an... | Chemical modification of the histidine residue in phospholipase A2 (Naja naja naja). A case of half-site reactivity. Reaction of phospholipase A2 (Naja naja naja) with p-bromophenacyl bromidine leads to almost complete loss of enzymatic activity. The rate of inactivation is pH-dependent with pKa equals 6.9 for the ioni... | [
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PMID:14965 | Functional characterization of anion transport system isolated from human erythrocyte membranes. | The anion transport system of human red blood cells was isolated in vesicles containing the original lipids of the membrane and predominantly the 95,000-dalton polypeptides (Band 3) associated with intralipid particles. The vesicles display various characteristic properties of anion permeation closely resembling those ... | Functional characterization of anion transport system isolated from human erythrocyte membranes. The anion transport system of human red blood cells was isolated in vesicles containing the original lipids of the membrane and predominantly the 95,000-dalton polypeptides (Band 3) associated with intralipid particles. The... | [
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PMID:14966 | Phosphoglycolate phosphatase in human erythrocytes. | Human erythrocytes were found to contain an enzyme capable of dephosphorylating phosphoglycolate. The rates of hydrolysis of 14 other metabolites by the enzyme preparation were less than 6% of the rate with phosphoglycolate. The pH optimum is in the range of 6 to 7 and the Km for phosphoglycolate is 0.76 mM. The molecu... | Phosphoglycolate phosphatase in human erythrocytes. Human erythrocytes were found to contain an enzyme capable of dephosphorylating phosphoglycolate. The rates of hydrolysis of 14 other metabolites by the enzyme preparation were less than 6% of the rate with phosphoglycolate. The pH optimum is in the range of 6 to 7 an... | [
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PMID:14967 | The reactivity of alpha-chymotrypsin immobilized on radiation-grafted hydrogel surfaces. | The enzymatic activity of alpha-chymotrypsin (CT), immobilized on hydrogel-coated polymer film supports, has been investigated. The support was prepared by radiation-graft copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methacrylic acid (MAAc) on silicone rubber films. The enzyme was covalently coupled to th... | The reactivity of alpha-chymotrypsin immobilized on radiation-grafted hydrogel surfaces. The enzymatic activity of alpha-chymotrypsin (CT), immobilized on hydrogel-coated polymer film supports, has been investigated. The support was prepared by radiation-graft copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ... | [
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PMID:14968 | Mechanochemical studies of enzymatic degradation of insoluble collagen fibers. | A mechanochemical method was developed for studying the enzymatic degradation of insoluble collagen fibers. The method involves stretching the collagen fiber to a fixed extension in the presence of a solution of collagenase and measuring the rate of relaxation of the force induced in the fiber. In this work, bacterial ... | Mechanochemical studies of enzymatic degradation of insoluble collagen fibers. A mechanochemical method was developed for studying the enzymatic degradation of insoluble collagen fibers. The method involves stretching the collagen fiber to a fixed extension in the presence of a solution of collagenase and measuring the... | [
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PMID:14969 | Basal and stimulated serum growth hormone concentrations in inflammatory bowel disease. | Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) manifest growth failure which may antecede abdominal symptoms by some years. Eight of ten children with documented IBD had records of decreasing growth velocities. Investigation of growth hormone reserves showed excessive rather than impaired responses. Mean basal GH level... | Basal and stimulated serum growth hormone concentrations in inflammatory bowel disease. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) manifest growth failure which may antecede abdominal symptoms by some years. Eight of ten children with documented IBD had records of decreasing growth velocities. Investigation of grow... | [
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PMID:14970 | Insulin, proinsulin, glucagon and gastrin in pancreatic tumors and in plasma of patients with organic hyperinsulinism. | Insulin, proinsulin, glucagon and gastrin were determined in extracts of tumors of 27 patients with pancreatic islet cell neoplasia of pancreas, in one patient with nesidioblastosis, in extracts of uninvolved portions of the pancreas in 11 of the tumor patients and of 15 control pancreases. Mean insulin concentration i... | Insulin, proinsulin, glucagon and gastrin in pancreatic tumors and in plasma of patients with organic hyperinsulinism. Insulin, proinsulin, glucagon and gastrin were determined in extracts of tumors of 27 patients with pancreatic islet cell neoplasia of pancreas, in one patient with nesidioblastosis, in extracts of uni... | [
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PMID:14971 | Changes in occurrence of capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae at Boston City Hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974. | The number of patients with pneumococcal bacteremia, empyema, and meningitis at Boston City Hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974 is reported. The distribution of specific types in the bacteremic patients during each of the selected years and in the various focal infections in all the years is also detai... | Changes in occurrence of capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae at Boston City Hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974. The number of patients with pneumococcal bacteremia, empyema, and meningitis at Boston City Hospital during selected years between 1935 and 1974 is reported. The distribution of s... | [
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PMID:14972 | Treatment of aplastic anemia by marrow transplantation from HLA identical siblings. Prognostic factors associated with graft versus host disease and survival. | 73 consecutive patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated by marrow transplantation from hematologically normal HLA identical siblings. 68 patients lived long enough to document marrow engraftment. 21 rejected the graft and 19 of these died. 47 sustained engraftment and 18 of these died. In 16 patients, death wa... | Treatment of aplastic anemia by marrow transplantation from HLA identical siblings. Prognostic factors associated with graft versus host disease and survival. 73 consecutive patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated by marrow transplantation from hematologically normal HLA identical siblings. 68 patients lived ... | [
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PMID:14973 | Postsynthetic deamidation of hemoglobin Providence (beta 82 Lys replaced by Asn, Asp) and its effect on oxygen transport. | Carriers of hemoglobin Providence have three types of beta chain in their hemolysates. The two abnormal chains have asparagine (Providence N, Prov N) or aspartic acid (Providence D) at position beta 82, instead of lysine. In vitro, only two beta chains are synthesized by reticulocytes of carriers, betaA and betaProv N.... | Postsynthetic deamidation of hemoglobin Providence (beta 82 Lys replaced by Asn, Asp) and its effect on oxygen transport. Carriers of hemoglobin Providence have three types of beta chain in their hemolysates. The two abnormal chains have asparagine (Providence N, Prov N) or aspartic acid (Providence D) at position beta... | [
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PMID:14974 | Mechanism of resistance to the phosphaturic effect of the parathyroid hormone in the hamster. | The effect of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on the renal excretion of phosphate, calcium, and cyclic AMP was evaluated in the thyroparathyroidectomized hamster, a mammal apparently reisstant to the phosphaturic effect of parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone did not increase phosphate excretion, although it dec... | Mechanism of resistance to the phosphaturic effect of the parathyroid hormone in the hamster. The effect of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on the renal excretion of phosphate, calcium, and cyclic AMP was evaluated in the thyroparathyroidectomized hamster, a mammal apparently reisstant to the phosphaturic effect of ... | [
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PMID:14975 | Serological grouping of streptococci by a slide coagglutination method. | A new method for the serological grouping of streptococci by coagglutination with specific antibodies absorbed to protein A-containing staphylococci has been assessed. A total of 242 strains of streptococci, including beta-haemolytic streptococci of groups A, B, C, F, and G, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Strep. faecalis... | Serological grouping of streptococci by a slide coagglutination method. A new method for the serological grouping of streptococci by coagglutination with specific antibodies absorbed to protein A-containing staphylococci has been assessed. A total of 242 strains of streptococci, including beta-haemolytic streptococci o... | [
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PMID:14976 | Plasma level studies of penbutolol after oral dose in man. | Plasma levels of penbutolol (HOE 893d) were determined in eight healthy adult male subjects after oral administration of 50-mg capsules. Fast absorpiton of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract was indicated by the rapid increase in plasma levels during the absorption phase, with a peak time at about 1 hour after do... | Plasma level studies of penbutolol after oral dose in man. Plasma levels of penbutolol (HOE 893d) were determined in eight healthy adult male subjects after oral administration of 50-mg capsules. Fast absorpiton of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract was indicated by the rapid increase in plasma levels during the ... | [
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PMID:14977 | Penfluridol, a peroral long-acting neuroleptic, for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenic patients who relapse. | In a multicenter collaborative study, 28 newly readmitted schizophrenic patients, stabilized for one week on short-acting neuroleptic drugs, had their medication abruptly changed to penfluridol given once a week on an outpatient basis. The average dose required for maintenance was approximately 40 mg weekly. Analysis o... | Penfluridol, a peroral long-acting neuroleptic, for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenic patients who relapse. In a multicenter collaborative study, 28 newly readmitted schizophrenic patients, stabilized for one week on short-acting neuroleptic drugs, had their medication abruptly changed to penfluridol given onc... | [
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PMID:14978 | Stimulation of guanylate cyclase by sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin and nitric oxide in various tissue preparations and comparison to the effects of sodium azide and hydroxylamine. | Sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, sodium azide and hydroxylamine increased guanylate cyclase activity in particulate and/or soluble preparations from various tissues. While sodium nitroprusside increased guanylate cyclase activity in most of the preparations examined, the effects of sodium azide, hydroxylamine and n... | Stimulation of guanylate cyclase by sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin and nitric oxide in various tissue preparations and comparison to the effects of sodium azide and hydroxylamine. Sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, sodium azide and hydroxylamine increased guanylate cyclase activity in particulate and/or soluble ... | [
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PMID:14979 | The effect of adenylate cyclase inhibitor (ACI) on guanylate cyclase, phosphodiesterase and other enzymes in heart. | The effect of an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase (ACI) was measured on some enzymes associated with cyclic nucleotide-regulated metabolism. Soluble guanylate cyclase was inhibited; both soluble and particulate cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterases were stimulated. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases were unaffected. In contrast, the ... | The effect of adenylate cyclase inhibitor (ACI) on guanylate cyclase, phosphodiesterase and other enzymes in heart. The effect of an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase (ACI) was measured on some enzymes associated with cyclic nucleotide-regulated metabolism. Soluble guanylate cyclase was inhibited; both soluble and particu... | [
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PMID:14982 | Clinical evaluation of intranasal topical flunisolide therapy in allergic rhinitis. | A double-blind, vehicle control, parallel clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the local application of flunisolide, a potent new topical steroid, in the treatment of ragweed hay fever. Fifty patients with well-defined, poorly controlled ragweed allergy were studied during the 1974 ragweed season. A... | Clinical evaluation of intranasal topical flunisolide therapy in allergic rhinitis. A double-blind, vehicle control, parallel clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the local application of flunisolide, a potent new topical steroid, in the treatment of ragweed hay fever. Fifty patients with well-defin... | [
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PMID:14987 | Adverse effects of the drugs most frequently administered to the elderly--Part II. | The uncertainties associated with identificatin of adverse drug reactions are numerous. These effects which involve the eyes and vision constitute an important group but they are inadequately described and classified in most reports. Vague statements of visual disturbances, blur, changes in color vision, or difficultie... | Adverse effects of the drugs most frequently administered to the elderly--Part II. The uncertainties associated with identificatin of adverse drug reactions are numerous. These effects which involve the eyes and vision constitute an important group but they are inadequately described and classified in most reports. Vag... | [
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PMID:15030 | Lipopolysaccharide-induced suppression of the primary immune response to a thymus-dependent antigen. | The immune response to a thymus-dependent antigen was depressed in vivo and in vitro in spleen cells from mice injected with LPS i.p. a few days before challenge with the antigen. Spleen cells from LPS-injected mice could, however, respond with increase DNA synthesis after activation with polyclonal B and T cell activa... | Lipopolysaccharide-induced suppression of the primary immune response to a thymus-dependent antigen. The immune response to a thymus-dependent antigen was depressed in vivo and in vitro in spleen cells from mice injected with LPS i.p. a few days before challenge with the antigen. Spleen cells from LPS-injected mice cou... | [
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PMID:15031 | Heterologous antigenic stimulation in induction of delayed hypersensitivity. | An influence of a delayed hypersensitive reaction to a primary antigen on the induction of delayed hypersensitivity to a second unrelated antigen was observed in guinea pigs immunized with azobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (ABAT), and injected intradermally 3 weeks later with a mixture of ABAT and secondary antige... | Heterologous antigenic stimulation in induction of delayed hypersensitivity. An influence of a delayed hypersensitive reaction to a primary antigen on the induction of delayed hypersensitivity to a second unrelated antigen was observed in guinea pigs immunized with azobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (ABAT), and inj... | [
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PMID:15032 | Effect of concanavalin A on lymphocyte interactions involved in the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide I. Comparison of the suppression induced by con A and low dose paralysis. | Concanavalin A (Con A) administered at the time of immunization induces suppression of the in vivo splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III). As with low dose paralysis of the PFC response to SSS-III, Con A-induced suppression could not be demonstrated in congenitally ... | Effect of concanavalin A on lymphocyte interactions involved in the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide I. Comparison of the suppression induced by con A and low dose paralysis. Concanavalin A (Con A) administered at the time of immunization induces suppression of the in vivo splenic plaque-formin... | [
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PMID:15033 | Cell lines from old immunodeficient donors give normal responses in young recipients. | Two different immune responses were compared in spleen cells obtained from old and young CBA/HT6J mice. Spleen cells from old mice (23 to 33 months) responded about half as well as did spleen cells from young mice (4 to 10 months) in the adoptive transfer anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plague-forming assay, and cause... | Cell lines from old immunodeficient donors give normal responses in young recipients. Two different immune responses were compared in spleen cells obtained from old and young CBA/HT6J mice. Spleen cells from old mice (23 to 33 months) responded about half as well as did spleen cells from young mice (4 to 10 months) in ... | [
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PMID:15034 | The allogeneic effect on tumor growth. I. Inhibition of a murine plasmacytoma, MOPC 315, by the graft-vs-host reaction. | The allogeneic effect has been employed as a potent immunopotentiator in preventing the growth of a murine plasmacytoma and prolonging host survival. Parental BALB/c spleen cells were passively transferred to (BALB/c x A/H)F1 hybrid mice, who were then given a highly lethal dose of MOPC 315 plasmacytoma, a tumor of BAL... | The allogeneic effect on tumor growth. I. Inhibition of a murine plasmacytoma, MOPC 315, by the graft-vs-host reaction. The allogeneic effect has been employed as a potent immunopotentiator in preventing the growth of a murine plasmacytoma and prolonging host survival. Parental BALB/c spleen cells were passively transf... | [
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PMID:15035 | The allogeneic effect on tumor growth. II. Suppression of both ascitic and solid MOPC 315 plasmacytoma by the graft-vs-host reaction, with pathologic correlation. | The growth of an ascitic murine plasmacytoma, MOPC 315, can be retarded in CAF1 hybrid host mice by the i.p. injection of donor lymphoid cells. The graft-vs-host reaction can be established by a variety of donor cells, including parental BALB/c and A/J and congenic inbred B10.D2 which share the major histocompatibility... | The allogeneic effect on tumor growth. II. Suppression of both ascitic and solid MOPC 315 plasmacytoma by the graft-vs-host reaction, with pathologic correlation. The growth of an ascitic murine plasmacytoma, MOPC 315, can be retarded in CAF1 hybrid host mice by the i.p. injection of donor lymphoid cells. The graft-vs-... | [
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PMID:15036 | Mouse lymphocytes with and without surface immunoglobulin: preparative scale separation in polystyrene tissue culture dishes coated with specifically purified anti-immunoglobulin. | Mouse spleen cells could be preparatively separated into immunoglobulin positive (Ig+) and immunoglobulin-netative (Ig-)populations by incubating as many as 2 X 10(8) cells per 100 mm diameter petri plate coated with specifically purified goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin. The non-adherent population was 95% or more Ig-, ... | Mouse lymphocytes with and without surface immunoglobulin: preparative scale separation in polystyrene tissue culture dishes coated with specifically purified anti-immunoglobulin. Mouse spleen cells could be preparatively separated into immunoglobulin positive (Ig+) and immunoglobulin-netative (Ig-)populations by incub... | [
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PMID:15037 | Immunochemical and morphological studies of hepatitis B core antigen isolated from the nuclei of hepatocytes. | Immunochemical and morphological properties of hepatitis B core antigen (HBc Ag) were studied in intranuclear particles isolated from human liver. Immunochemical integrity of the purified particles was indicated in the production by guinea pigs of antibody to HBc Ag (anti-HBc) that was immunochemically identical to hum... | Immunochemical and morphological studies of hepatitis B core antigen isolated from the nuclei of hepatocytes. Immunochemical and morphological properties of hepatitis B core antigen (HBc Ag) were studied in intranuclear particles isolated from human liver. Immunochemical integrity of the purified particles was indicate... | [
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PMID:15038 | Effect of atherosclerosis on lysosomal cholesterol esterase activity in rabbit aorta. | Radiolabeled cholesteryl oleate, when incorporated into phospholipid vesicles, was hydrolyzed at acid pH by an enzyme present in rabbit aortic homogenates. In contrast, cholesteryl oleate presented as an acetone dispersion was not effectively hydrolyzed at acid pH under identical conditions. Using the vesicle preparati... | Effect of atherosclerosis on lysosomal cholesterol esterase activity in rabbit aorta. Radiolabeled cholesteryl oleate, when incorporated into phospholipid vesicles, was hydrolyzed at acid pH by an enzyme present in rabbit aortic homogenates. In contrast, cholesteryl oleate presented as an acetone dispersion was not eff... | [
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PMID:15039 | [Mathematical simulation of the respiratory system (author's transl)]. | The respiratory system is described as a feedback control system. The controller consists of the peripheral chemoreceptors and the central chemosensitive structures, the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata and the thorax-lung pump which they drive. The controlled system is comprised of three compartments (lung,... | [Mathematical simulation of the respiratory system (author's transl)]. The respiratory system is described as a feedback control system. The controller consists of the peripheral chemoreceptors and the central chemosensitive structures, the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata and the thorax-lung pump which they... | [
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PMID:15040 | Enzymic changes in the cervix of the rat and hamster during the oestrous cycle and the effect of steroids. | Changes in four hydrolytic enzymes, namely acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase A and B, of the cervix of the rat and hamster have been studied during the 4-day oestrous cycle. All four enzymes showed maximal activity on the day of oestrus and least activity on day 2 of dioestrus. All the enzymes show... | Enzymic changes in the cervix of the rat and hamster during the oestrous cycle and the effect of steroids. Changes in four hydrolytic enzymes, namely acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase A and B, of the cervix of the rat and hamster have been studied during the 4-day oestrous cycle. All four enzymes s... | [
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PMID:15041 | Developmental expression and biochemical characterization Nassarius obsoleta. | Electrophoretic analysis of catalase isozyme patterns of Nassarius obsoleta indicates that these isozymes are products of two separate loci. Five aminopeptidase isozymes have also been detected in N. obsoleta and the data suggest that at least two loci encode these aminopetidase isozymes. Experiments designed to test f... | Developmental expression and biochemical characterization Nassarius obsoleta. Electrophoretic analysis of catalase isozyme patterns of Nassarius obsoleta indicates that these isozymes are products of two separate loci. Five aminopeptidase isozymes have also been detected in N. obsoleta and the data suggest that at leas... | [
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PMID:15042 | Physiology and chemistry of cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor and endolymph in Squalus acanthias. | By means of the appropriate isotopes injected into the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, the transfer of all major ions into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), aqueous humor (A) and endolymph (E) was studied. In addition, the effect of raising pCO2 in sea-water upon HCO3- concentration of these fluids was measured. In the seve... | Physiology and chemistry of cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor and endolymph in Squalus acanthias. By means of the appropriate isotopes injected into the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, the transfer of all major ions into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), aqueous humor (A) and endolymph (E) was studied. In addition, the eff... | [
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PMID:15043 | Characterization of gill (Na + K)-activated adenosine triphosphatase from chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. | (Na+K)-activated ATPase activity from gills of yearling spring chinook was examined using a new rapid assay method. Characterization of the enzyme activity was performed. Optimal activity was obtained at pH 7.2 in the presence of 240 mM NaCl, 120 mM KCl, 20 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM Na2ATP. Maximal inhibition of the enzyme wa... | Characterization of gill (Na + K)-activated adenosine triphosphatase from chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. (Na+K)-activated ATPase activity from gills of yearling spring chinook was examined using a new rapid assay method. Characterization of the enzyme activity was performed. Optimal activity was obtained at ... | [
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PMID:15044 | Correlation of structure and active transport in the teleost nephron. | In the present study we have extended our investigations concerning the correlation between ultrastructure and active transport in the isolated flounder nephron. The composition of the fish nephron is defined in ultrastructural terms and its behavior when incubated in vitro under short term and long term culture condit... | Correlation of structure and active transport in the teleost nephron. In the present study we have extended our investigations concerning the correlation between ultrastructure and active transport in the isolated flounder nephron. The composition of the fish nephron is defined in ultrastructural terms and its behavior... | [
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PMID:15046 | Characteristics of the chloride conductance in muscle fibers of the rat diaphragm. | In muscle fibers from the rat diaphragm, 85% of the resting membrane ion conductance is attributable to Cl-. At 37 degree C and pH 7.0, GCl averages 2.11 mmho/cm2 while residual conductance largely due to K+ averages 0.34 mmho/cm2. The resting GCl exhibits a biphasic temperature dependence with a Q10 of 1.6 between 6 d... | Characteristics of the chloride conductance in muscle fibers of the rat diaphragm. In muscle fibers from the rat diaphragm, 85% of the resting membrane ion conductance is attributable to Cl-. At 37 degree C and pH 7.0, GCl averages 2.11 mmho/cm2 while residual conductance largely due to K+ averages 0.34 mmho/cm2. The r... | [
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PMID:15047 | The relationship between anion exchange and net anion flow across the human red blood cell membrane. | The conductive (net) anion permeability of human red blood cells was determined from net KCl or K2SO4 effluxes into low K+ media at high valinomycin concentrations, conditions under which the salt efflux is limited primarily by the net anion permeability. Disulfonic stilbenes, inhibitors of anion exchange, also inhibit... | The relationship between anion exchange and net anion flow across the human red blood cell membrane. The conductive (net) anion permeability of human red blood cells was determined from net KCl or K2SO4 effluxes into low K+ media at high valinomycin concentrations, conditions under which the salt efflux is limited prim... | [
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PMID:15048 | Extrasynaptic receptors on cell bodies of neurons in central nervous system of the leech. | 1. A systematic study has been made of the sensitivity of identified sensory and motoneurons in the leech central nervous system to chemical transmitter substances. 2. The following substances elicited responses from the cell bodies of individual neurons: acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glu... | Extrasynaptic receptors on cell bodies of neurons in central nervous system of the leech. 1. A systematic study has been made of the sensitivity of identified sensory and motoneurons in the leech central nervous system to chemical transmitter substances. 2. The following substances elicited responses from the cell bodi... | [
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PMID:15049 | Synthesis of acetylcholine by excitatory motoneurons in central nervous system of the leech. | 1. A study was made of the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) and other transmitters by the cell bodies of functionally identified neurons in leech segmental ganglia. 2. Choline acetyltransferase, the synthetic enzyme for ACh, was detected in excitatory motoneurons but not in mechanosensory cells or Retzius cells. The ab... | Synthesis of acetylcholine by excitatory motoneurons in central nervous system of the leech. 1. A study was made of the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) and other transmitters by the cell bodies of functionally identified neurons in leech segmental ganglia. 2. Choline acetyltransferase, the synthetic enzyme for ACh, wa... | [
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PMID:15050 | Filterability of erythrocytes from vitamin E-deficient lead-poisoned rats. | The time required for red blood cells (RBC) from vitamin E-deficient lead-poisoned (-E + Pb) rats to pass through polycarbonate filters after incubation in vitro was much greater than that of RBC from vitamin E-supplemented non-poisoned rats. Vitamin E deficiency per se (i.e., in non-poisoned rats) often increased filt... | Filterability of erythrocytes from vitamin E-deficient lead-poisoned rats. The time required for red blood cells (RBC) from vitamin E-deficient lead-poisoned (-E + Pb) rats to pass through polycarbonate filters after incubation in vitro was much greater than that of RBC from vitamin E-supplemented non-poisoned rats. Vi... | [
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PMID:15051 | Utilization of riboflavin homologues by D-amino acid oxidase and xanthine oxidase. | D-Amino acid oxidase and xanthine oxidase, two enzymes possessing ionically bound flavin coenzymes have been studied with their flavin coenzymes derived from either 7-ethyl-8-methyl-flavin or 7-methyl-8-ethyl-flavin, vitamin-like homologues of riboflavin. 7-Ethyl-8-methyl-flavin caused a significant reduction of both D... | Utilization of riboflavin homologues by D-amino acid oxidase and xanthine oxidase. D-Amino acid oxidase and xanthine oxidase, two enzymes possessing ionically bound flavin coenzymes have been studied with their flavin coenzymes derived from either 7-ethyl-8-methyl-flavin or 7-methyl-8-ethyl-flavin, vitamin-like homolog... | [
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PMID:15052 | Beneficial effect of methionine and threonine supplements on tyrosine toxicity in rats. | The growth retardation and external pathological lesions that occur in rats fed a 10% casein diet containing 5% tyrosine could be alleviated by the supplementation of extra protein (20% casein) or 0.66% methionine plus 0.90% threonine (equivalent to the contents in a 20% casein, respectively). Liver tyrosine aminotrans... | Beneficial effect of methionine and threonine supplements on tyrosine toxicity in rats. The growth retardation and external pathological lesions that occur in rats fed a 10% casein diet containing 5% tyrosine could be alleviated by the supplementation of extra protein (20% casein) or 0.66% methionine plus 0.90% threoni... | [
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PMID:15053 | Blood and brain concentrations of imipramine, clomipramine and their monomethylated metabolites after oral and intramuscular administration in rats. | Imipramine and clomipramine were administered to rats by the oral and intramuscular routes as single and multiple doses. The concentrations of both drugs and their active demethylated metabolites desipramine and desmethylclomipramine were measured in blood plasma, blood cells and brain. The concentrations of the metabo... | Blood and brain concentrations of imipramine, clomipramine and their monomethylated metabolites after oral and intramuscular administration in rats. Imipramine and clomipramine were administered to rats by the oral and intramuscular routes as single and multiple doses. The concentrations of both drugs and their active ... | [
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PMID:15066 | Papaver bracteatum Lindley: thebaine content in relation to plant development. | Four thebaine-rich varieties of P. bracteatum have been grown in the open over two seasons and the thebaine distribution in aerial parts examined to determine the most suitable source material for commercial production. The leaves contained only 0-1 to 0-15%; the capsules 0-5 to 3-0% and the bled latex 28 to 53%. The m... | Papaver bracteatum Lindley: thebaine content in relation to plant development. Four thebaine-rich varieties of P. bracteatum have been grown in the open over two seasons and the thebaine distribution in aerial parts examined to determine the most suitable source material for commercial production. The leaves contained ... | [
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PMID:15067 | Dimensional changes of compacts after compression. | A non-contact optical technique has been used to measure changes in the heights and diameters of compacts prepared from sodium chloride, spray dried lactose, two samples of methylcellulose powder and two spray-dried lactose-maize starch granulations. Both sodium chloride and spray dried lactose exhibited relatively sma... | Dimensional changes of compacts after compression. A non-contact optical technique has been used to measure changes in the heights and diameters of compacts prepared from sodium chloride, spray dried lactose, two samples of methylcellulose powder and two spray-dried lactose-maize starch granulations. Both sodium chlori... | [
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PMID:15068 | Moisture and gelatin effects on the interparticle attractive forces and the compression behaviour of oxytetracycline formulations. | The tensile strengths of compacts and/or tablets of the individual components and of granules prepared from an oxytetracycline formulation have been measured using the diametral compression test. Employing the theory of tensile strength, proposed by Cheng, it has been shown that increases in both moisture and gelatin c... | Moisture and gelatin effects on the interparticle attractive forces and the compression behaviour of oxytetracycline formulations. The tensile strengths of compacts and/or tablets of the individual components and of granules prepared from an oxytetracycline formulation have been measured using the diametral compression... | [
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PMID:15069 | The properties of tablets containing microcrystalline cellulose. | Tablets have been prepared from mixtures of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and spray dried lactose. Tests on these showed that a maximum value of dissolution rate occurred as the percentage of the cellulose increased. This maximum was at 4% w/w for mixtures containing Avicel PH 101 and coincided with the point of ... | The properties of tablets containing microcrystalline cellulose. Tablets have been prepared from mixtures of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and spray dried lactose. Tests on these showed that a maximum value of dissolution rate occurred as the percentage of the cellulose increased. This maximum was at 4% w/w for m... | [
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PMID:15070 | The influence of temperature on the sorption of benzocaine by nylon 6 from aqueous cosolvents. | The influence of temperature on the sorption of benzocaine by nylon 6 powder from aqueous cosolvents has been assessed. At about 30 degrees discontinuities appear in the Van't Hoff plots for sorption from water and aqueous PEG 400, which may be attributed to transitional changes in the polymer structure. No such discon... | The influence of temperature on the sorption of benzocaine by nylon 6 from aqueous cosolvents. The influence of temperature on the sorption of benzocaine by nylon 6 powder from aqueous cosolvents has been assessed. At about 30 degrees discontinuities appear in the Van't Hoff plots for sorption from water and aqueous PE... | [
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PMID:15071 | The identification and quantitation of the major metabolites of ethylamphetamine, produced by rabbit liver microsomal preparations. | Amphetamine (I), 1-phenylpropan-2-ol (III), phenylacetone (V), N-hydroxyethylamphetamine (VII), and alpha-methyl-N-(1'-phenylprop-2'-yl)nitrone (VIII) were obtained as metabolic products from the incubation of ethylamphetamine (II) with fortified male rabbit liver 9000 g supernatant fractions. These metabolites were id... | The identification and quantitation of the major metabolites of ethylamphetamine, produced by rabbit liver microsomal preparations. Amphetamine (I), 1-phenylpropan-2-ol (III), phenylacetone (V), N-hydroxyethylamphetamine (VII), and alpha-methyl-N-(1'-phenylprop-2'-yl)nitrone (VIII) were obtained as metabolic products f... | [
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PMID:15072 | Effect of oxotremorine and sodium pentobarbitone on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous tracer doses or radioactive choline. | The present study explains for the previous findings that oxotremorine increases and sodium pentobarbitone decreases the initial brain uptake of intravenously injected radioactive choline (3H-Ch). The effects are explained by haemodynamic changes since a corresponding increase and decrease in the plasma concentrations ... | Effect of oxotremorine and sodium pentobarbitone on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous tracer doses or radioactive choline. The present study explains for the previous findings that oxotremorine increases and sodium pentobarbitone decreases the initial brain uptake of intravenously injected radioactive choline (3H-Ch)... | [
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PMID:15073 | The fate of prostaglandin A1-5,6-3H in the rat. | The plasma concentrations, tissue distribution and excretion of prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) and related metabolites have been determined in rats, following the intravenous injection of a single dose of PGA1-5,6-3H. Urinary and faecal excretion accounted for averages of 25 and 43% of the administered dose of PGA1, respectiv... | The fate of prostaglandin A1-5,6-3H in the rat. The plasma concentrations, tissue distribution and excretion of prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) and related metabolites have been determined in rats, following the intravenous injection of a single dose of PGA1-5,6-3H. Urinary and faecal excretion accounted for averages of 25 and... | [
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PMID:15074 | Possible subdivisions among alpha-adrenoreceptors in various isolated tissues. | The ratio (expressed in log10 units) of the equieffective concentrations of (+)- and (-)-noradrenaline has been measured in a variety of isolated tissues in the presence of cocaine (1 x 10(-5) M), tropolone (3 x 10(-5) M) and (+/-)-propranolol (5 x 10(-7) to 5 x 10(-5) M). The values obtained fall into 3 distinct and s... | Possible subdivisions among alpha-adrenoreceptors in various isolated tissues. The ratio (expressed in log10 units) of the equieffective concentrations of (+)- and (-)-noradrenaline has been measured in a variety of isolated tissues in the presence of cocaine (1 x 10(-5) M), tropolone (3 x 10(-5) M) and (+/-)-propranol... | [
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PMID:15075 | Effect of butaclamol, a new neuroleptic, on serotoninergic mechanisms. | Butaclamol (1.0-0.1 mg kg-1, i.p.) and spiroperidol (1-0-0-5 mg kg-1, i.p.) but not (-)-butaclamol (15 mg kg-1, i.p.), blocked the hyperactivity induced in rats by tranylcypromine-L-tryptophan pretreatment. Neither butaclamol nor spiroperidol altered the accumulation of brain 5-HT following parglyine or the decline of ... | Effect of butaclamol, a new neuroleptic, on serotoninergic mechanisms. Butaclamol (1.0-0.1 mg kg-1, i.p.) and spiroperidol (1-0-0-5 mg kg-1, i.p.) but not (-)-butaclamol (15 mg kg-1, i.p.), blocked the hyperactivity induced in rats by tranylcypromine-L-tryptophan pretreatment. Neither butaclamol nor spiroperidol altere... | [
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PMID:15076 | Effect of lofepramine and other antidepressants on the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline into rat brain monoaminergic neurons. | Lofepramine, (N-methyl-N-[4-chlorobenzoylmethyl]-3-[10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz(b,f)-azepin-5-yl]-propylamine hydrochloride), is a new antidepressant with low toxicity and no peripheral anticholinergic activity. Its effect on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline uptake into rat brain monoaminergic neurons was studi... | Effect of lofepramine and other antidepressants on the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline into rat brain monoaminergic neurons. Lofepramine, (N-methyl-N-[4-chlorobenzoylmethyl]-3-[10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz(b,f)-azepin-5-yl]-propylamine hydrochloride), is a new antidepressant with low toxicity and no peripher... | [
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PMID:15077 | Hyperpyrexic interaction between debrisoquine and pethidine in rabbits. | Pethidine injection into rabbits treated with debrisoquine either acutely or chronically resulted in severe interaction and fatal hyperpyrexia. Pretreatment of rabbits with p-chlorophenylalanine, chlorpromazine, or crypoheptadine protected them against the interaction, while alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine was ineffective. In ... | Hyperpyrexic interaction between debrisoquine and pethidine in rabbits. Pethidine injection into rabbits treated with debrisoquine either acutely or chronically resulted in severe interaction and fatal hyperpyrexia. Pretreatment of rabbits with p-chlorophenylalanine, chlorpromazine, or crypoheptadine protected them aga... | [
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PMID:15078 | Synthesis and pharmacological properties of a series of antidopaminergic piperidyl benzamides. | The synthesis and pharmacological screening for anti-apomorphine, stomach emptying and local anaesthetic activities of some new piperidylbenzamides is described. One of these, N-(1'-benzyl-4'-piperidyl)-2-methoxy-4-amino-5-chlorobenzamide (clebopride) is more potent than metoclopramide in tests related to blockade of c... | Synthesis and pharmacological properties of a series of antidopaminergic piperidyl benzamides. The synthesis and pharmacological screening for anti-apomorphine, stomach emptying and local anaesthetic activities of some new piperidylbenzamides is described. One of these, N-(1'-benzyl-4'-piperidyl)-2-methoxy-4-amino-5-ch... | [
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PMID:15079 | Conformational analysis of dopamine by the INDO molecular orbital method. | The results of INDO calculations on dopamine are reported. A conformational energy map and an isodistance map for the key distances N-OH1, N-OH2 in dopamine as functions of the two main torsion angles tau1 and tau2 were constructed. In addition to the three known minima of dopamine corresponding to the trans and gauche... | Conformational analysis of dopamine by the INDO molecular orbital method. The results of INDO calculations on dopamine are reported. A conformational energy map and an isodistance map for the key distances N-OH1, N-OH2 in dopamine as functions of the two main torsion angles tau1 and tau2 were constructed. In addition t... | [
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PMID:15080 | Structure and rheology of cetomacrogol creams: the influence of alcohol chain length and homologue composition. | Liquid paraffin-in-water emulsions prepared with cetomacrogol 1000 and alcohols cetostearyl (A), cetyl (B), steryl (C) and myristyl (D) were examined by microscopical, particle size analytical and rheological (continuous shear, small strain creep, and oscillation) techniques at 25 degrees as they aged over 30 days. The... | Structure and rheology of cetomacrogol creams: the influence of alcohol chain length and homologue composition. Liquid paraffin-in-water emulsions prepared with cetomacrogol 1000 and alcohols cetostearyl (A), cetyl (B), steryl (C) and myristyl (D) were examined by microscopical, particle size analytical and rheological... | [
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PMID:15081 | Pharmaceutical suspensions: micro electrophoretic properties. | The microelectrophoretic properties of the drugs griseofulvin, betamethasone, nalidixic acid and thiabendazole in aqueous dispersion have been examined and the zeta potentials calculated from the measured mobilities. Variation in magnitude of particle charge with pH of dispersion is reported and related to the chemical... | Pharmaceutical suspensions: micro electrophoretic properties. The microelectrophoretic properties of the drugs griseofulvin, betamethasone, nalidixic acid and thiabendazole in aqueous dispersion have been examined and the zeta potentials calculated from the measured mobilities. Variation in magnitude of particle charge... | [
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PMID:15082 | Dissolution from tablets prepared using ethyl cellulose microcapsules. | Microcapsules containing sodium phenobartitone cores in ethyl cellulose have been used to prepare tablets at from 3-9 to 358-9 MPa compression pressures. The tensile strength of these tablets is related linearly to the core: wall ratio and to the microcapsule size. Dissolution of the drug from the microcapsules, is als... | Dissolution from tablets prepared using ethyl cellulose microcapsules. Microcapsules containing sodium phenobartitone cores in ethyl cellulose have been used to prepare tablets at from 3-9 to 358-9 MPa compression pressures. The tensile strength of these tablets is related linearly to the core: wall ratio and to the mi... | [
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PMID:15093 | Cognitive processes mediating behavioral change. | The present experiment was designed to test the theory that psychological procedures achieve changes in behavior by altering the level and strength of self-efficacy. In this formulation, perceived self-efficacy. In this formulation, perceived self-efficacy influences level of performance by enhancing intensity and pers... | Cognitive processes mediating behavioral change. The present experiment was designed to test the theory that psychological procedures achieve changes in behavior by altering the level and strength of self-efficacy. In this formulation, perceived self-efficacy. In this formulation, perceived self-efficacy influences lev... | [
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PMID:15095 | Oxidative reactions of hydroxylated chlorpromazine metabolites. | The oxidation pathways of two hydroxylated chlorpromazine metabolites were investigated using modern electrochemical techniques. Upon oxidation, the 7-hydroxy derivative of chlorpromazine rapidly reacts to form the 7,8-dihydroxy derivative and a substituted quinone. The oxidation potentials for both compounds were dete... | Oxidative reactions of hydroxylated chlorpromazine metabolites. The oxidation pathways of two hydroxylated chlorpromazine metabolites were investigated using modern electrochemical techniques. Upon oxidation, the 7-hydroxy derivative of chlorpromazine rapidly reacts to form the 7,8-dihydroxy derivative and a substitute... | [
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PMID:15096 | Electrochemical analysis of the cephalosporin cefamandole nafate. | The polarographic assays for cefamandole sodium and its formyl ester, cefamandole nafate, are described. Controlled potential coulometry is used as an absolute method for the assignment of purity of these compounds without the need for a reference material. The precision, accuracy, and selectivity of these assays were ... | Electrochemical analysis of the cephalosporin cefamandole nafate. The polarographic assays for cefamandole sodium and its formyl ester, cefamandole nafate, are described. Controlled potential coulometry is used as an absolute method for the assignment of purity of these compounds without the need for a reference materi... | [
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PMID:15097 | Tyrosine hydroxylase: delayed activation in central noradrenergic neurons and induction in adrenal medulla elicited by stimulation of central cholinergic receptors. | The centrally active muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine, elicited an up to 2-fold dose-dependent (0.25-1.5 mg/kg) increase in the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the rat nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) and adrenal medulla. The response occurred in LC after 24 to 48 hours and in adrenal medulla by 4 to 8 hours, peak... | Tyrosine hydroxylase: delayed activation in central noradrenergic neurons and induction in adrenal medulla elicited by stimulation of central cholinergic receptors. The centrally active muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine, elicited an up to 2-fold dose-dependent (0.25-1.5 mg/kg) increase in the activity of tyrosine hydrox... | [
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PMID:15098 | Regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis in a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma. | Cells prepared from a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma synthesize norepinephrine from 14C-tyrosine, at a rate of 9.4 +/- 0.5 pml/min/mg of protein, in vitro. Incubation of the cells in a medium containing 56 mM K+ results in a 2- to 6-fold increase in norepinephrine synthesis. This increase in norepinephrine synthes... | Regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis in a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma. Cells prepared from a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma synthesize norepinephrine from 14C-tyrosine, at a rate of 9.4 +/- 0.5 pml/min/mg of protein, in vitro. Incubation of the cells in a medium containing 56 mM K+ results in a 2- to 6... | [
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PMID:15099 | Differential inhibition of lipolysis in human adipose tissue by adrenergic beta receptor blocking drugs. | The effects of various adrenergic beta receptor agonists and antagonists on lipolysis (measured as glycerol release) in human adipose tissue in vitro were studied. Of the agonists investigated, the potency rank order was isoproteronol greater than norepinephrine greater than salbutamol. Adrenergic beta receptor blockin... | Differential inhibition of lipolysis in human adipose tissue by adrenergic beta receptor blocking drugs. The effects of various adrenergic beta receptor agonists and antagonists on lipolysis (measured as glycerol release) in human adipose tissue in vitro were studied. Of the agonists investigated, the potency rank orde... | [
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PMID:15100 | Alterations in brain cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels after acute and chronic treatment with ethanol. | A previous finding from our laboratory, that a single dose of ethanol depletes cerebellar cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cGMP), has now been extended to an investigation of the effects of acute and chronic ethanol treatment of cGMP levels in six areas of the rat brain. Rats were either gavaged with a single dose... | Alterations in brain cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels after acute and chronic treatment with ethanol. A previous finding from our laboratory, that a single dose of ethanol depletes cerebellar cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cGMP), has now been extended to an investigation of the effects of acute and ch... | [
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PMID:15101 | Effect of palytoxin on membrane and potential and current of frog myelinated fibers. | Palytoxin is a highly toxic compound isolated form several zoanthid Palythoa species. The effects of palytoxin on the nodal membrane of frog myelinated fiber have been studied under current clamp and under voltage clamp conditions. Under current clamp conditions, palytoxin (0.1 microng/ml, 3 x 10(-8)M) induces a depola... | Effect of palytoxin on membrane and potential and current of frog myelinated fibers. Palytoxin is a highly toxic compound isolated form several zoanthid Palythoa species. The effects of palytoxin on the nodal membrane of frog myelinated fiber have been studied under current clamp and under voltage clamp conditions. Und... | [
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0... |
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