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PMID:17715 | Recording pH method of characterizing composition and monitoring dissolution profile of an anhydride-acid copolymer and its salt derivatives. | A sensitive potentiometric monitoring method was developed that permits the continuous measurement of the disolution profiles of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride-acid copolymers and salt derivatives. Three distinct rate periods were observed in the dissolution rate of the anhydride copolymer, expressed as percent an... | Recording pH method of characterizing composition and monitoring dissolution profile of an anhydride-acid copolymer and its salt derivatives. A sensitive potentiometric monitoring method was developed that permits the continuous measurement of the disolution profiles of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride-acid copolyme... | [
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PMID:17716 | Systems approach to vaginal delivery of drugs IV: methodology for determination of membrane surface pH. | A physical model including a diffusional layer in series with the membrane was developed for studying the possible differences between the pH at the membrane surface and that in the bulk solution. Both the membrane-secreted substances (acids and bases) and buffer constituents in the bulk solutions are assumed to contri... | Systems approach to vaginal delivery of drugs IV: methodology for determination of membrane surface pH. A physical model including a diffusional layer in series with the membrane was developed for studying the possible differences between the pH at the membrane surface and that in the bulk solution. Both the membrane-s... | [
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PMID:17717 | Systems approach to vaginal delivery of drugs V: in situ vaginal absorption of 1-alkanoic acids. | The vaginal absorption of a homologous series of ionizable compounds, the 1-alkanoic acids, was studied using a perfusion method with a rib-cage cell surgically implanted in the rabbit vagina. The absorption rates of these compounds followed first-order kinetics. The physical model previously used for the 1-alkanols, b... | Systems approach to vaginal delivery of drugs V: in situ vaginal absorption of 1-alkanoic acids. The vaginal absorption of a homologous series of ionizable compounds, the 1-alkanoic acids, was studied using a perfusion method with a rib-cage cell surgically implanted in the rabbit vagina. The absorption rates of these ... | [
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PMID:17718 | Kinetics and mechanisms of hydrolysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines III: nitrazepam. | The hydrolysis of nitrazepam involves a two-step sequential mechanism. The intermediate is the ring-opened compound resulting from scission of the azomethine bond. The final products are glycine and 2-amino-5-ni-robenzophenone. Recyclization of the intermediate to nitrazepam occurs at pH values above the pKa of the int... | Kinetics and mechanisms of hydrolysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines III: nitrazepam. The hydrolysis of nitrazepam involves a two-step sequential mechanism. The intermediate is the ring-opened compound resulting from scission of the azomethine bond. The final products are glycine and 2-amino-5-ni-robenzophenone. Recyclization ... | [
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PMID:17719 | UV spectrophotometric determination of aminophylline, amobarbital, and ephedrine hydrochloride in an antiasthma capsule preparation. | A simple and rapid procedure for the determination of aminophylline, amobarbital, and ephedrine hydrochloride in a capsule preparation is described. Aminophylline and amobarbital are determined simultaneously using differential UV spectrophotometry; ephedrine hydrochloride is determined separately after elution from an... | UV spectrophotometric determination of aminophylline, amobarbital, and ephedrine hydrochloride in an antiasthma capsule preparation. A simple and rapid procedure for the determination of aminophylline, amobarbital, and ephedrine hydrochloride in a capsule preparation is described. Aminophylline and amobarbital are dete... | [
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PMID:17720 | Stability of aqueous solutions of pirbuterol. | The hydrolytic degradation of pirbuterol was investigated under saturated oxygen conditions over a wide range of pH values and at different temperatures. Two of the five observed breakdown products were positively identified. The first-order decomposition rate appeared to depend on the rate constants of the four dissoc... | Stability of aqueous solutions of pirbuterol. The hydrolytic degradation of pirbuterol was investigated under saturated oxygen conditions over a wide range of pH values and at different temperatures. Two of the five observed breakdown products were positively identified. The first-order decomposition rate appeared to d... | [
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PMID:17721 | Micellar distribution equilibria: ultracentrifugal study of apparent partition coefficients. | Ultracentrifugation was used for the partial isolation of polysorbate 80 micelles in aqueous media to determine the apparent partition coefficients of various drug species between water and the micellar pseudophase. The ratio of solute concentration in the micelles to that in water was measured for procaine, salicylic ... | Micellar distribution equilibria: ultracentrifugal study of apparent partition coefficients. Ultracentrifugation was used for the partial isolation of polysorbate 80 micelles in aqueous media to determine the apparent partition coefficients of various drug species between water and the micellar pseudophase. The ratio o... | [
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PMID:17722 | Physicochemical properties of beta-lactam antibacterials: deuterium solvent isotope effect on penicillin G degradation rate. | To obtain kinetic evidence on the degradation mechanism of penicillin in aqueous solution, degradation rates of penicillin G in water and deuterium oxide were measured in the pH (pD) range of 4-10. The solvent isotope effect (kH2O/kD2O) of 1.53 below pH (pD) 6 supports the mechanism of water-catalyzed rearrangement of ... | Physicochemical properties of beta-lactam antibacterials: deuterium solvent isotope effect on penicillin G degradation rate. To obtain kinetic evidence on the degradation mechanism of penicillin in aqueous solution, degradation rates of penicillin G in water and deuterium oxide were measured in the pH (pD) range of 4-1... | [
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PMID:17723 | GI pharmacology of polyethyleneimine II: motor activity in anesthetized dogs. | The effects of orally and intravenously administered doses of polyethyleneimine were observed in 18 chloralose-urethan-anesthetized dogs. Polyethyleneimine produced an initial augmentation of rhythmic segmenting gastric antral contractions, a copious flow of gastric mucus, increased segmenting and propulsive activities... | GI pharmacology of polyethyleneimine II: motor activity in anesthetized dogs. The effects of orally and intravenously administered doses of polyethyleneimine were observed in 18 chloralose-urethan-anesthetized dogs. Polyethyleneimine produced an initial augmentation of rhythmic segmenting gastric antral contractions, a... | [
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PMID:17729 | Association of in vivo and in vitro propranolol levels in canine Purkinje fibers with antiarrhythmic effects. | This study has determined the propranolol content of Purkinje fibers associated with antiarrhythmic and electrophysiological actions of the drug both in vivo and in vitro. The minimum effective tissue content of propranolol that consistently reversed a sustained ouabain-induced ventrivular tachycardia in vivo after i.v... | Association of in vivo and in vitro propranolol levels in canine Purkinje fibers with antiarrhythmic effects. This study has determined the propranolol content of Purkinje fibers associated with antiarrhythmic and electrophysiological actions of the drug both in vivo and in vitro. The minimum effective tissue content o... | [
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PMID:17732 | Detection of light-induced changes of intracellular ionized calcium concentration in Limulus ventral photoreceptors using arsenazo III. | 1. The metallochromic indicator dye, arsenazo III, was injected intracellularly into Limulus ventral photoreceptor cells to concentrations greater than 1 mM.2. The absorption spectrum (450-750 nm) of the dye in single dark-adapted cells was measured by a scanning microspectrophotometer. When a cell was light-adapted, t... | Detection of light-induced changes of intracellular ionized calcium concentration in Limulus ventral photoreceptors using arsenazo III. 1. The metallochromic indicator dye, arsenazo III, was injected intracellularly into Limulus ventral photoreceptor cells to concentrations greater than 1 mM.2. The absorption spectrum ... | [
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PMID:17733 | Regulation of cerebrospinal fluid bicarbonate by the cat choroid plexus. | 1. The regulation of cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) bicarbonate concentration was studied using the cat choroid plexus isolated in a chamber in situ. 2. Decreases in plasma bicarbonate concentration caused relatively small changes in the c.s.f. bicarbonate concentration. 3. Alterations in c.s.f. bicarbonate concentration... | Regulation of cerebrospinal fluid bicarbonate by the cat choroid plexus. 1. The regulation of cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) bicarbonate concentration was studied using the cat choroid plexus isolated in a chamber in situ. 2. Decreases in plasma bicarbonate concentration caused relatively small changes in the c.s.f. bica... | [
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PMID:17734 | Surface potential reflected in both gating and permeation mechanisms of sodium and calcium channels of the tunicate egg cell membrane. | 1. Threshold changes of Na and Ca currents due to various polyvalent cations (stabilizing cations) or H(+) ions were studied in the egg cell membrane of a tunicate, Halocynthia roretzi, by using the voltage-clamp technique.2. With an increase in [Ca](o) or a decrease in pH in the external solution, the current-voltage ... | Surface potential reflected in both gating and permeation mechanisms of sodium and calcium channels of the tunicate egg cell membrane. 1. Threshold changes of Na and Ca currents due to various polyvalent cations (stabilizing cations) or H(+) ions were studied in the egg cell membrane of a tunicate, Halocynthia roretzi,... | [
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PMID:17735 | Effects of prostaglandin antagonism on sodium arachidonate fever in rabbits. | 1. Sodium arachidonate, the prostaglandin precursor substance, when injected intraventricularly into rabbits, results in dose-dependent hyperthermia, which is rapid in onset and of several hours duration. 2. Arachidonate fever was inhibited by intraventricular injection of indomethacin, but not by the simultaneous intr... | Effects of prostaglandin antagonism on sodium arachidonate fever in rabbits. 1. Sodium arachidonate, the prostaglandin precursor substance, when injected intraventricularly into rabbits, results in dose-dependent hyperthermia, which is rapid in onset and of several hours duration. 2. Arachidonate fever was inhibited by... | [
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PMID:17736 | Kinetics of luminal acidification in cortical tubules of the rat kidney. | 1. Some kinetic aspects of renal tubular acidification were studied in proximal and distal tubules of the rat kidney by combining stationary microperfusion methods and continuous measurements of luminal pH changes of phosphate or bicarbonate buffers by means of antimony electrodes. The analysis included the measurement... | Kinetics of luminal acidification in cortical tubules of the rat kidney. 1. Some kinetic aspects of renal tubular acidification were studied in proximal and distal tubules of the rat kidney by combining stationary microperfusion methods and continuous measurements of luminal pH changes of phosphate or bicarbonate buffe... | [
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PMID:17737 | Mechansims and components of renal tubular acidification. | 1. Renal cortical tubules of control and acetazolamide infused rats were perfused with 100 mM phosphate buffer at pH 5-5. The rate of alkalinization was measured by means of antimony micro-electrodes and was used to compute passive H ion fluxes from lumen to blood across the proximal and distal tubular epithelium. 2. T... | Mechansims and components of renal tubular acidification. 1. Renal cortical tubules of control and acetazolamide infused rats were perfused with 100 mM phosphate buffer at pH 5-5. The rate of alkalinization was measured by means of antimony micro-electrodes and was used to compute passive H ion fluxes from lumen to blo... | [
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PMID:17738 | A mathematical model for counter-current multiplications in the swim-bladder. | 1. A computer model for swim-bladder gas filling has been developed. Phenomenological descriptions of the Root effect (pH-dependent O2 capacity of fish haemoglobin), of the lactic acid production in the gas gland and of the geometry of the rete mirabile are incorporated in the general counter-current equations to give ... | A mathematical model for counter-current multiplications in the swim-bladder. 1. A computer model for swim-bladder gas filling has been developed. Phenomenological descriptions of the Root effect (pH-dependent O2 capacity of fish haemoglobin), of the lactic acid production in the gas gland and of the geometry of the re... | [
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PMID:17739 | Contraction and recovery of living muscles studies by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. | 1. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) can be used to measure the concentrations of phosphorus-containing metabolites within living tissue. We have developed methods for maintaining muscles in physiological condition, stimulating them and recording tension while at the same time accumulating their (31)P N... | Contraction and recovery of living muscles studies by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. 1. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P NMR) can be used to measure the concentrations of phosphorus-containing metabolites within living tissue. We have developed methods for maintaining muscles in physiological condition, st... | [
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PMID:17740 | Micro-electrode measurement of the intracellular pH and buffering power of mouse soleus muscle fibres. | 1. The intracellular pH (pHi) of surface fibres of the mouse soleus muscle has been measured in vitro using recessed-tip pH-sensitive microelectrodes. 2. In 5% CO2 and pH 7-40, the mean pHi was 7-07 +/- 0-007 (S.E. of mean) at 37 degrees C and 7-23 +/- 0-01 at 28 degrees C. The difference between these tow values is th... | Micro-electrode measurement of the intracellular pH and buffering power of mouse soleus muscle fibres. 1. The intracellular pH (pHi) of surface fibres of the mouse soleus muscle has been measured in vitro using recessed-tip pH-sensitive microelectrodes. 2. In 5% CO2 and pH 7-40, the mean pHi was 7-07 +/- 0-007 (S.E. of... | [
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PMID:17741 | The effect of temperature on the potential difference and input resistance of rat seminiferous tubules. | 1. The p.d. of rat seminiferous tubules was 5.86 +/- 0.15 mV, lumen negative, at 33 degrees C and varied linearly with temperature between 24 and 37 degrees C, exhibiting an apparent Q(10) (25-35 degrees C) of 2.0 with a slope of 0.43 mV/ degrees C. Exposing testes to a temperature of 37-43 degrees C resulted in an ini... | The effect of temperature on the potential difference and input resistance of rat seminiferous tubules. 1. The p.d. of rat seminiferous tubules was 5.86 +/- 0.15 mV, lumen negative, at 33 degrees C and varied linearly with temperature between 24 and 37 degrees C, exhibiting an apparent Q(10) (25-35 degrees C) of 2.0 wi... | [
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PMID:17742 | Hyperpolarizing effects of dopamine on chemoreceptor nerve endings from cat and rabbit carotid bodies in vitro. | 1. The effects of dopamine on DC potential changes recorded from the carotid sinus nerve were studied in vitro using carotid bodies and associated sinus nerves removed from anaesthetized cats and rabbits.2. The carotid body was placed in one compartment of a superfusion chamber and was superfused with buffered salt sol... | Hyperpolarizing effects of dopamine on chemoreceptor nerve endings from cat and rabbit carotid bodies in vitro. 1. The effects of dopamine on DC potential changes recorded from the carotid sinus nerve were studied in vitro using carotid bodies and associated sinus nerves removed from anaesthetized cats and rabbits.2. T... | [
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PMID:17743 | Interacting effects of temperature and extracellular calcium on the spontaneous release of transmitter at the frog neuromuscular junction. | 1. Temperature has a characteristic effect on the frequency of m.e.p.p.s at the frog neuromuscular junction; the spontaneous release of transmitter is not affected by temperature changes below 10 degrees C whereas the system is highly temperature-sensitive above 20 degrees C.2. A very similar result is obtained when th... | Interacting effects of temperature and extracellular calcium on the spontaneous release of transmitter at the frog neuromuscular junction. 1. Temperature has a characteristic effect on the frequency of m.e.p.p.s at the frog neuromuscular junction; the spontaneous release of transmitter is not affected by temperature ch... | [
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PMID:17744 | The effects on breathing of alternate breaths of air and a carbon dioxide rich gas mixture in anaesthetized cats. | 1. An in vivo pH electrode was used to assess the effect in anaesthetized cats of the administration of 5% CO(2) (21% O(2), balance N(2)) and air as alternate inspirates upon the time course of the carotid arterial pH, and by inference, the P(CO2).2. This method of administration of CO(2) and air resulted in a lowering... | The effects on breathing of alternate breaths of air and a carbon dioxide rich gas mixture in anaesthetized cats. 1. An in vivo pH electrode was used to assess the effect in anaesthetized cats of the administration of 5% CO(2) (21% O(2), balance N(2)) and air as alternate inspirates upon the time course of the carotid ... | [
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PMID:17745 | Further observations on an ether-O-oxidase, formerly called alkyl etherase, from liver tissue. | 1. The microsomal enzyme from liver previously called an "etherase" is now described more accurately as an ether-O-oxidase. It has been investigated further to free it from the membranes in aqueous solution and to try to define its physiological substrate. 2. After a variety of attempts with detergents, etc., the enzym... | Further observations on an ether-O-oxidase, formerly called alkyl etherase, from liver tissue. 1. The microsomal enzyme from liver previously called an "etherase" is now described more accurately as an ether-O-oxidase. It has been investigated further to free it from the membranes in aqueous solution and to try to defi... | [
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PMID:17746 | 5-Aryl-1,5-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives as antianxiety agents. | A new series of 7-chloro- and 7-nitro-5-methoxy-5-phenyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones (7a, c--e) was synthesized and found to have potent antipentylenetetrazole activity. These compounds were also employed as intermediates in the synthesis of 3-substituted 1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones (8f--v). | 5-Aryl-1,5-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one derivatives as antianxiety agents. A new series of 7-chloro- and 7-nitro-5-methoxy-5-phenyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones (7a, c--e) was synthesized and found to have potent antipentylenetetrazole activity. These compounds were also employed as intermediates in th... | [
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PMID:17747 | 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-, isopropylidenedioxyphenyl-, and benzyl-substituted chiral 2-aminosuccinimides and 3-aminopyrrolidines. Stereoselective investigations of potential anti-parkinsonian, antipsychotic, and anticonvulsant activities. | The chiral title compounds 2--11 were assessed for their potential anti-Parkinsonian, antipsychotic, and anticonvulsant properties. The most striking differences in the biological activity of enantiomeric pairs were noted for D-(R)-2-amino-N-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)succinimide hydrochloride (2) vs. L-(S)-3 and D-(R)-... | 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-, isopropylidenedioxyphenyl-, and benzyl-substituted chiral 2-aminosuccinimides and 3-aminopyrrolidines. Stereoselective investigations of potential anti-parkinsonian, antipsychotic, and anticonvulsant activities. The chiral title compounds 2--11 were assessed for their potential anti-Parkinson... | [
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PMID:17748 | A comparison of the antiserotonin, antihistamine, and anticholinergic activity of cyproheptadine with analogues having furan nuclei fused to the 10,11-vinylene bridge. | A series of cyproheptadine derivatives having furan nuclei fused to the 10,11-vinylene bridge has been prepared. None of the compounds retain the potent antiserotonin and antihistaminic actions of cyproheptadine. 1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-8H-dibenzo[a,e]furo[3,4-c]cyclohepten-8-ylidene)piperidine (7), 1-methyl-4-(1,3-dihydr... | A comparison of the antiserotonin, antihistamine, and anticholinergic activity of cyproheptadine with analogues having furan nuclei fused to the 10,11-vinylene bridge. A series of cyproheptadine derivatives having furan nuclei fused to the 10,11-vinylene bridge has been prepared. None of the compounds retain the potent... | [
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PMID:17749 | Absolute configuration of glycerol derivatives. 4. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of chiral 2-alkylaminomethylbenzodioxans, competitive alpha-adrenergic antagonists. | The optical isomers of alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists prosympal (2), piperoxan (3), and dibozane (4) were prepared by methods establishing the absolute configuration of each. (2S)-3(2'-Hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol ditosylate (10) was prepared from (2R)-3-tosyloxy-1,2-propanediol acetonide (6). Intramolecular ... | Absolute configuration of glycerol derivatives. 4. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of chiral 2-alkylaminomethylbenzodioxans, competitive alpha-adrenergic antagonists. The optical isomers of alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists prosympal (2), piperoxan (3), and dibozane (4) were prepared by methods establishing ... | [
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PMID:17750 | Synthesis and biological evaluation of a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative possessing selective beta2-adrenergic agonist activity. | This paper reports the synthesis of 4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (2) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propylamine (3). The biological activity of these agents relative to that of trimetoquinol (1) in guinea pig atria and guinea pig trachea is reported. The... | Synthesis and biological evaluation of a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative possessing selective beta2-adrenergic agonist activity. This paper reports the synthesis of 4-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (2) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propylamine (3). The bi... | [
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PMID:17751 | Cyanoguanidine-thiourea equivalence in the development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine. | In the histamine H2-receptor antagonist metiamide (2a) isosteric replacement of thione sulfur (=S) by carbonyl oxygen (=O) or imino nitrogen (=NH) affords the urea 2c and guanidine 2d which are antagonists of decreased potency. The guanidine is very basic and at physiological pH is completely protonated. However, intro... | Cyanoguanidine-thiourea equivalence in the development of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine. In the histamine H2-receptor antagonist metiamide (2a) isosteric replacement of thione sulfur (=S) by carbonyl oxygen (=O) or imino nitrogen (=NH) affords the urea 2c and guanidine 2d which are antagonists of dec... | [
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PMID:17752 | beta-Adrenoceptor blocking activity of halogenated thienylethanolamine derivatives. | The synthesis of a number of ring-halogenated N-isopropyl- and N-tert-butyl-2-amino-1-(2-thienyl)ethanols has been carried out in order to ascertain the influence of chloro or bromo substitution at the thiophene moiety on their blocking beta-adrenoceptor activity. It was found that chloro- and bromo-substituted compoun... | beta-Adrenoceptor blocking activity of halogenated thienylethanolamine derivatives. The synthesis of a number of ring-halogenated N-isopropyl- and N-tert-butyl-2-amino-1-(2-thienyl)ethanols has been carried out in order to ascertain the influence of chloro or bromo substitution at the thiophene moiety on their blocking... | [
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PMID:17753 | B/C-cis- and -trans-1,3,4,9,10,10a-Hexahydro-2H-10,4a-methanoiminoethanophenanthrene (homo- and homoisomorphinan) derivatives as analgesics. | N-Alkyl derivatives of B/C-cis- and B/C-trans-6-hydroxy-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-methanoimino-ethanophenanthrene have been prepared. The analgesic potency and physical dependence capacity of these compounds were determined. The N-methyl derivatives were analgesically equipotent with morphine. None of these com... | B/C-cis- and -trans-1,3,4,9,10,10a-Hexahydro-2H-10,4a-methanoiminoethanophenanthrene (homo- and homoisomorphinan) derivatives as analgesics. N-Alkyl derivatives of B/C-cis- and B/C-trans-6-hydroxy-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-methanoimino-ethanophenanthrene have been prepared. The analgesic potency and physical de... | [
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PMID:17756 | Retro-umbilical ectopic testicle: report of a case. | A case of a retro-umbilical ectopic testicle in a 13-year-old cryptorchid boy is reported. To our knowledge this has not been reported previously. There is no definite explanation for this highly aberrant ectopia. During the neonatal period the boy had an umbilical suppuration that required drainage. This may offer a p... | Retro-umbilical ectopic testicle: report of a case. A case of a retro-umbilical ectopic testicle in a 13-year-old cryptorchid boy is reported. To our knowledge this has not been reported previously. There is no definite explanation for this highly aberrant ectopia. During the neonatal period the boy had an umbilical su... | [
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PMID:17757 | Complications of autonomic dysreflexia. | Autonomic dysreflexia can be a life-threatening problem if not promptly recognized and treated. Since the most common cause is bladder distension it is essential that the urologist be familiar with this syndrome. Several patients with serious complications owing to autonomic dysreflexia, including 1 mortality, are pres... | Complications of autonomic dysreflexia. Autonomic dysreflexia can be a life-threatening problem if not promptly recognized and treated. Since the most common cause is bladder distension it is essential that the urologist be familiar with this syndrome. Several patients with serious complications owing to autonomic dysr... | [
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PMID:17760 | High-flow total body perfusion with severe hemodilution and normothermia in infants weighing less than 10 kg--safe limits of hemodilution in cardiopulmonary bypass in infants. | Cardiopulmonary bypass with 17 to 57 per cent dilution of hemoglobin for repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) was applied to 26 infants weighing less than 10 kg at normal temperature. The higher flow rate was required to compensate the reduced oxygen carrying capacity and to maintain an adequate arterial pressure ... | High-flow total body perfusion with severe hemodilution and normothermia in infants weighing less than 10 kg--safe limits of hemodilution in cardiopulmonary bypass in infants. Cardiopulmonary bypass with 17 to 57 per cent dilution of hemoglobin for repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) was applied to 26 infants wei... | [
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PMID:17762 | Potassium and intracellular pH. | Recent work has clarified some of the complex interrelationships between cell pH and potassium. These studies have been limited by the techniques available for accurately measuring cell pH. At present it is obvious that intracellular pH is a major regulator of the cellular potassium concentration, but the precise relat... | Potassium and intracellular pH. Recent work has clarified some of the complex interrelationships between cell pH and potassium. These studies have been limited by the techniques available for accurately measuring cell pH. At present it is obvious that intracellular pH is a major regulator of the cellular potassium conc... | [
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PMID:17763 | Relationship of renal ammonia production and potassium homeostasis. | Renal ammonia production appears to be intimately related to potassium homeostasis, and the two may comprise the components of a closed loop regulatory system. Studies with both intact organisms and in vitro systems indicate that potassium depletion stimulates and chronic potassium-loading suppresses renal ammonia prod... | Relationship of renal ammonia production and potassium homeostasis. Renal ammonia production appears to be intimately related to potassium homeostasis, and the two may comprise the components of a closed loop regulatory system. Studies with both intact organisms and in vitro systems indicate that potassium depletion st... | [
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PMID:17766 | Side effects and contraindications of beta-receptor blocking agents. | Unwanted effects of beta-receptor blocking agents can be divided into three categories: 1. Those arising specifically from the pharmacologic, i.e., beta-blocking action. 2. Side effects not directly (or not with certainty) related to beta-blockade. 3. Adverse and potentially specific reactions to individual beta-blocki... | Side effects and contraindications of beta-receptor blocking agents. Unwanted effects of beta-receptor blocking agents can be divided into three categories: 1. Those arising specifically from the pharmacologic, i.e., beta-blocking action. 2. Side effects not directly (or not with certainty) related to beta-blockade. 3.... | [
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PMID:17770 | [Psychopharmacology in aviation and astronautics]. | Flights aboard modern vehicles are associated with high nervous-emotional and physical stresses. This may induce depletion of reserve capabilities, development of fatigue and, consequently, reduction of work capacity of crewmembers. The paper discusses approaches and results of the use of drugs by pilots and cosmonauts... | [Psychopharmacology in aviation and astronautics]. Flights aboard modern vehicles are associated with high nervous-emotional and physical stresses. This may induce depletion of reserve capabilities, development of fatigue and, consequently, reduction of work capacity of crewmembers. The paper discusses approaches and r... | [
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PMID:17771 | [Psychoneurological requirements in evaluating the functional state of cosmonauts in flight]. | Selection and training of experts-psychoneurologists to be included into a team of operational medical monitoring are described. In regards to the capacity for synonymic paraphrasing, the conditions required for stability of individual opinions and their coincidence in different people are discussed. The capacity refer... | [Psychoneurological requirements in evaluating the functional state of cosmonauts in flight]. Selection and training of experts-psychoneurologists to be included into a team of operational medical monitoring are described. In regards to the capacity for synonymic paraphrasing, the conditions required for stability of i... | [
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PMID:17772 | [Dynamic control of the atmospheric parameters of spacecraft]. | On the basis of experimental data a mathematical model of relationships between physiological parameters, oxygen content in the atmosphere and exercises has been developed. Using the model, it has been demonstrated that circulation and respiration reactions to exercises can be optimized by increasing the partial pressu... | [Dynamic control of the atmospheric parameters of spacecraft]. On the basis of experimental data a mathematical model of relationships between physiological parameters, oxygen content in the atmosphere and exercises has been developed. Using the model, it has been demonstrated that circulation and respiration reactions... | [
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PMID:17773 | [Electrolyte content in the blood of animals and potassium ion transport in the erythrocytes under the action of a constant magnetic field]. | The content of potassium and sodium ions in the blood and plasma of rats exposed to constant magnetic fileds (CMF) of 1000 and 4500 oersted for varying time was studied. The transport of potassium ions through membranes of red blood cells was examined in in bitro experiments using a CMF of 4500 oersted. An exposure of ... | [Electrolyte content in the blood of animals and potassium ion transport in the erythrocytes under the action of a constant magnetic field]. The content of potassium and sodium ions in the blood and plasma of rats exposed to constant magnetic fileds (CMF) of 1000 and 4500 oersted for varying time was studied. The trans... | [
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PMID:17774 | [Study of the nature of the associated microflora in the prolonged substrateless cultivation of beet plants]. | The purpose of the present investigation was to study variations in the population density of microorganisms, their qualitative and quantitative composition during substrate-free cultivation of beats. The results obtained show that the microbial number in the nutrient solution increased by the time of intensive growth ... | [Study of the nature of the associated microflora in the prolonged substrateless cultivation of beet plants]. The purpose of the present investigation was to study variations in the population density of microorganisms, their qualitative and quantitative composition during substrate-free cultivation of beats. The resul... | [
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PMID:17779 | [The use of Goetze cerclage in the treatment of tibial fractures]. | On the basis of the authors' experiences and the data of the available literature Goetze's cerclage in the treatment of tibia fractures is discussed--as far as the authors know, this is the first report of this method in the Hungarian literature. On the basis of the authors' material, the method is very useful for the ... | [The use of Goetze cerclage in the treatment of tibial fractures]. On the basis of the authors' experiences and the data of the available literature Goetze's cerclage in the treatment of tibia fractures is discussed--as far as the authors know, this is the first report of this method in the Hungarian literature. On the... | [
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PMID:17781 | [Diabetic osteoarthropathy of rare localization]. | The typical location of diabetic osteoarthropathy is the foot. Involvement of other joints is rare. In the case treated by the author, the osteoarthropathy of the ankle and knee joints presented at the same time. The process healed in the ankle joint by grave deformity and arthrosis deformans resulted in the knee joint... | [Diabetic osteoarthropathy of rare localization]. The typical location of diabetic osteoarthropathy is the foot. Involvement of other joints is rare. In the case treated by the author, the osteoarthropathy of the ankle and knee joints presented at the same time. The process healed in the ankle joint by grave deformity ... | [
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PMID:17782 | [Thoracic injury and fat embolism]. | The authors state that fat embolism occurs rather frequently following thoracic injuries. It is difficult to make a diagnosis because of the complexity of the symptoms. The correct evaluation of the characteristic clinical and laboratory signs arising after a period free of symptoms is essential. The authors outline th... | [Thoracic injury and fat embolism]. The authors state that fat embolism occurs rather frequently following thoracic injuries. It is difficult to make a diagnosis because of the complexity of the symptoms. The correct evaluation of the characteristic clinical and laboratory signs arising after a period free of symptoms ... | [
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PMID:17783 | [Vascular injury associated with shoulder luxation]. | The author reports on the rupture of subscapular artery that followed the reduction of an anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint. On this occasion, vascular injuries associated with shoulder joint dislocation, their diagnosis and treatment is discussed in the article. The aim of the author was to remind the reader ... | [Vascular injury associated with shoulder luxation]. The author reports on the rupture of subscapular artery that followed the reduction of an anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint. On this occasion, vascular injuries associated with shoulder joint dislocation, their diagnosis and treatment is discussed in the art... | [
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PMID:17784 | [15 years of anesthesia in hand surgery]. | The authors give an account on their experiences in the anaesthesy on the hand area. Methods used during a 15 year period are reported, different sorts of narcosis and the intravenous regional anaesthesy is discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of the particular methods are outlined. | [15 years of anesthesia in hand surgery]. The authors give an account on their experiences in the anaesthesy on the hand area. Methods used during a 15 year period are reported, different sorts of narcosis and the intravenous regional anaesthesy is discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of the particular methods are o... | [
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PMID:17787 | [Early surgery of the soft tissues in congenital clubfoot]. | The role and position of early complete operative procedures on the soft tissues in the treatment of the congenital club foot is discussed in the article. The authors report on the operative indications in principles and in their own practice. Closed and operative treatment are not contradictory but complementary terms... | [Early surgery of the soft tissues in congenital clubfoot]. The role and position of early complete operative procedures on the soft tissues in the treatment of the congenital club foot is discussed in the article. The authors report on the operative indications in principles and in their own practice. Closed and opera... | [
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PMID:17788 | [Management of mass injuries in railway accidents]. | Authors write up the experiences they gained at repeated train accidents on the same section of railway line. The circumstances of the two accidents are evaluated and analysed. The experiences they obtained at the first accident were put to use the second time. The authors stress that the growing number of mass acciden... | [Management of mass injuries in railway accidents]. Authors write up the experiences they gained at repeated train accidents on the same section of railway line. The circumstances of the two accidents are evaluated and analysed. The experiences they obtained at the first accident were put to use the second time. The au... | [
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PMID:17790 | [Surgical management of thoracic and thoraco-abdominal injuries]. | From 1970 to 1974 407 patients with thoracic injuries have been treated by the authors in the 2nd Surgical and Thoracic Surgical Department of the "János" Hospital, Budapest--out of them 190 patients were classified as severely injured. The material and the operative technique in isolated thoracal and combined thoracal... | [Surgical management of thoracic and thoraco-abdominal injuries]. From 1970 to 1974 407 patients with thoracic injuries have been treated by the authors in the 2nd Surgical and Thoracic Surgical Department of the "János" Hospital, Budapest--out of them 190 patients were classified as severely injured. The material and ... | [
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PMID:17791 | [Fracture-dislocation of the hip joint. II. Central luxation]. | 64 cases of central luxation are analysed by the authors. 4--10 years after the injury 31 patients appeared at the check-inspection. It has been stated by the authors that because of the severity of the injury and the age of the injured patients surgical intervention may be performed even in case of greater dislocation... | [Fracture-dislocation of the hip joint. II. Central luxation]. 64 cases of central luxation are analysed by the authors. 4--10 years after the injury 31 patients appeared at the check-inspection. It has been stated by the authors that because of the severity of the injury and the age of the injured patients surgical in... | [
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PMID:17792 | [Pathological sagittal shifting of vertebral bodies]. | The results of the lumbar spine examinations performed in one year and a half are evaluated by the authors. The types of the sagittal positional changes of the vertebral bodies are discussed in detail. The importance of the functionally centrated and lateral telephotographs in the diagnosis of the antepositional olisth... | [Pathological sagittal shifting of vertebral bodies]. The results of the lumbar spine examinations performed in one year and a half are evaluated by the authors. The types of the sagittal positional changes of the vertebral bodies are discussed in detail. The importance of the functionally centrated and lateral telepho... | [
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PMID:17794 | Drug utilization review in an HMO. I. Introduction and examples of methodology. | An experimental drug utilization review program was developed for a health maintenance organization (HMO). The objectives of the program were to develop and implement an ongoing mechanism for reviewing drug use using criteria based on the scientific literature, and to evaluate the effect of the drug use review program ... | Drug utilization review in an HMO. I. Introduction and examples of methodology. An experimental drug utilization review program was developed for a health maintenance organization (HMO). The objectives of the program were to develop and implement an ongoing mechanism for reviewing drug use using criteria based on the s... | [
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PMID:17795 | [Effects and side effects of oral drugs used in common cold (author's transl)]. | A report about effects and side effects of common cold remedies that are taken orally is presented. There are advantages and disadvantages in the use of either locally administered nose drops or orally taken cold remedies, which are compared to each other from the pharmacological point of view. Based on the experience ... | [Effects and side effects of oral drugs used in common cold (author's transl)]. A report about effects and side effects of common cold remedies that are taken orally is presented. There are advantages and disadvantages in the use of either locally administered nose drops or orally taken cold remedies, which are compare... | [
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PMID:17808 | Alkaline ribonuclease inhibitor in human thyroid. | Thyroids of goitrogen-treated rats contain increased amounts of a protein inhibitor of ribonuclease activity at pH greater than 7 (alkaline ribonuclease inhibitor, ARI). We report here that thyroids from hyperthyroid patients contain more ARI than normal human thyroids. This increase parallels RNA concentration. The in... | Alkaline ribonuclease inhibitor in human thyroid. Thyroids of goitrogen-treated rats contain increased amounts of a protein inhibitor of ribonuclease activity at pH greater than 7 (alkaline ribonuclease inhibitor, ARI). We report here that thyroids from hyperthyroid patients contain more ARI than normal human thyroids.... | [
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PMID:17809 | Alcohol: its effect on the kidney. | The effect of ethanol feeding on renal function, gross and microscopic morphology, and constituent content was determined in alcohol-fed rats and compared to similar studies in isocalorically fed animals ingesting the same diet except that dextrimaltose was isocalorically substituted for ethanol. Alcohol-fed animals ha... | Alcohol: its effect on the kidney. The effect of ethanol feeding on renal function, gross and microscopic morphology, and constituent content was determined in alcohol-fed rats and compared to similar studies in isocalorically fed animals ingesting the same diet except that dextrimaltose was isocalorically substituted ... | [
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PMID:17805 | Lophyrotomin, a new toxic octapeptide from the larvae of sawfly, Lophyrotoma interrupta. | Lophyrotomin, a new toxic octapeptide, has been isolated from sawfly (Lophyrotoma interrupta) larvae using solvent extraction, dialysis, adsorption on polyamide, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose and silica gel G chromatography. On the basis of evidence from chemical methods, pmr and mass spectrometry, a pa... | Lophyrotomin, a new toxic octapeptide from the larvae of sawfly, Lophyrotoma interrupta. Lophyrotomin, a new toxic octapeptide, has been isolated from sawfly (Lophyrotoma interrupta) larvae using solvent extraction, dialysis, adsorption on polyamide, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose and silica gel G chroma... | [
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PMID:17815 | Heterogeneity of staphylococcal enterotoxin A on isoelectric focusing and disc electrophoresis. | Heterogeneity of purified staphylococcal enterotoxin A, obtained from a culture supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus, strain 13N-2909, was demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. The toxin was composed of three immunologically identical fractions with isoelectric points of 6.5, 7.0 and approximately 8.0. Heterogeneity of... | Heterogeneity of staphylococcal enterotoxin A on isoelectric focusing and disc electrophoresis. Heterogeneity of purified staphylococcal enterotoxin A, obtained from a culture supernatant of Staphylococcus aureus, strain 13N-2909, was demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. The toxin was composed of three immunologically... | [
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PMID:17816 | An analysis of factors influencing the isolation rate of herpes simplex virus. | Attempts were made to improve the rate of isolation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from clinical specimens by minimizing loss of virus infectivity during transportation and employing the most sensitive cells for isolation. Basical analyses using standard strains of type 1 and type 2 HSV indicated that virus titer decrea... | An analysis of factors influencing the isolation rate of herpes simplex virus. Attempts were made to improve the rate of isolation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from clinical specimens by minimizing loss of virus infectivity during transportation and employing the most sensitive cells for isolation. Basical analyses us... | [
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PMID:17817 | Human infection caused by penicillin-insensitive pneumococci. | Three cases of infection, including two fatal ones, caused by pneumococci relatively resistant to penicillin are reported. The patients were a 19-year-old New Guinean with fatal multisegmental pneumonia, a 10-week-old Caucasian infant who died suddenly from purulent meningitis, and an Australian Aboriginal child aged t... | Human infection caused by penicillin-insensitive pneumococci. Three cases of infection, including two fatal ones, caused by pneumococci relatively resistant to penicillin are reported. The patients were a 19-year-old New Guinean with fatal multisegmental pneumonia, a 10-week-old Caucasian infant who died suddenly from ... | [
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PMID:17818 | [Bromureide intoxication with acute renal failure and bilateral deep vein thrombosis (author's transl)]. | A case of bromureide intoxication with 8 gm. of carbromal is described, in which an acute renal failure and bilateral deep vein thromboses occurred. After treatment with heparin and peritoneal dialysis the symptoms regressed completely. | [Bromureide intoxication with acute renal failure and bilateral deep vein thrombosis (author's transl)]. A case of bromureide intoxication with 8 gm. of carbromal is described, in which an acute renal failure and bilateral deep vein thromboses occurred. After treatment with heparin and peritoneal dialysis the symptoms ... | [
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PMID:17826 | In vivo and in vitro studies of nitrate reductase regulation in Asperillus nidulans. | Induced wildtype cells of A. nidulans rapidly lost NADPH--linked nitrate reductase activity when subjected to carbon and or nitrogen starvation. A constitutive mutant at the regulatory gene for nitrate reductase, nir Ac 1, rapidly lost nitrate reductase activity upon carbon starvation. This loss of activity is thought ... | In vivo and in vitro studies of nitrate reductase regulation in Asperillus nidulans. Induced wildtype cells of A. nidulans rapidly lost NADPH--linked nitrate reductase activity when subjected to carbon and or nitrogen starvation. A constitutive mutant at the regulatory gene for nitrate reductase, nir Ac 1, rapidly lost... | [
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PMID:17832 | Mutagenicity of 22 N-nitrosamides and related compounds for Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. | Twenty-two N-nitrosamides and related compounds, including 14 nitrosoureas, 5 nitrosocarbamates, and one nitrosocyanamide, were tested at various concentrations for mutagenic activity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 without the use of microsomes. The ether-water partition coefficient, solubility in water, and hal... | Mutagenicity of 22 N-nitrosamides and related compounds for Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. Twenty-two N-nitrosamides and related compounds, including 14 nitrosoureas, 5 nitrosocarbamates, and one nitrosocyanamide, were tested at various concentrations for mutagenic activity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 without... | [
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PMID:17833 | Nitrosation in vitro and in vivo by sodium nitrite, and mutagenicity of nitrogenous pesticides. | 37 nitrogenous pesticides, belonging to the chemical groups of amides, carbamates and ureas, were nitrosated with sodium nitrite in vitro. The nitrosated compounds were tested for mutagenic activity in the bacterial spot test with Salmonella typhimurium his G 46. Those pesticides reacting positively in this test after ... | Nitrosation in vitro and in vivo by sodium nitrite, and mutagenicity of nitrogenous pesticides. 37 nitrogenous pesticides, belonging to the chemical groups of amides, carbamates and ureas, were nitrosated with sodium nitrite in vitro. The nitrosated compounds were tested for mutagenic activity in the bacterial spot tes... | [
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PMID:17845 | Detection of gastroesophageal reflux in the pediatric-age patient by esophageal intraluminal pH probe measurement (Tuttle test). | The esophageal intraluminal pH probe test (Tuttle test) was used in 24 pediatric-age patients who had symptoms of gastroesophageal (GE) reflux to determine its sensitivity in detecting gastric acid reflux and to document its usefulness as a prognostic indicator. Eight children had a positive Tuttle test. Six of these p... | Detection of gastroesophageal reflux in the pediatric-age patient by esophageal intraluminal pH probe measurement (Tuttle test). The esophageal intraluminal pH probe test (Tuttle test) was used in 24 pediatric-age patients who had symptoms of gastroesophageal (GE) reflux to determine its sensitivity in detecting gastri... | [
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PMID:17844 | alpha-L-fucosidase in cultured skin fibroblasts from normal subjects and fucosidosis patients. | alpha-L-Fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51) activity was studied in cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from 23 members of a family in which two cases of fucosidosis type 2 had occurred and in the fibroblasts of a patient with fucosidosis type 1. Both the 4-methylumbelliferyl glycoside and the p-nitrophenyl derivative were used as... | alpha-L-fucosidase in cultured skin fibroblasts from normal subjects and fucosidosis patients. alpha-L-Fucosidase (EC 3.2.1.51) activity was studied in cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from 23 members of a family in which two cases of fucosidosis type 2 had occurred and in the fibroblasts of a patient with fucosidosi... | [
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PMID:17848 | [The detection of soluble bacterial antigens studied in various pathological substances using counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Contribution to diagnosis(151 cases)]. | Examinations for soluble bacterial antigens using counter-immunoelectrophoresis (C.I.E.) was carried out in 151 patients suspected of suffering from various infectious syndrome were successful for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae b, N. meningitis, sero-group B and D streptococcus. Thus meningitis and pneumonia represent th... | [The detection of soluble bacterial antigens studied in various pathological substances using counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Contribution to diagnosis(151 cases)]. Examinations for soluble bacterial antigens using counter-immunoelectrophoresis (C.I.E.) was carried out in 151 patients suspected of suffering from various ... | [
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PMID:17853 | An investigation of renal function in chronic bronchitis. | An investigation has been made into various parameters of renal function in patients with chronic bronchitis and in a group of hypoxic controls. Abnormalities of glomerular filtration rate and of water handling have been demostrated in chronic bronchitic patients but not in hypoxic controls. The abnormalities are relat... | An investigation of renal function in chronic bronchitis. An investigation has been made into various parameters of renal function in patients with chronic bronchitis and in a group of hypoxic controls. Abnormalities of glomerular filtration rate and of water handling have been demostrated in chronic bronchitic patient... | [
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PMID:17854 | Polyarteritis nodosa of the liver: a report of two cases. | Two patients with liver disease due to polyarteritis nodosa are described. They presented in a similar manner, with a swinging fever, a polymorphonuclear leucocytosis and high alkaline phosphatase levels, but the natural history of the illness was different, with revocery in one and death in the other. | Polyarteritis nodosa of the liver: a report of two cases. Two patients with liver disease due to polyarteritis nodosa are described. They presented in a similar manner, with a swinging fever, a polymorphonuclear leucocytosis and high alkaline phosphatase levels, but the natural history of the illness was different, wit... | [
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PMID:17858 | [Assessment of the mental load of flight managers and of perforating machine operators by means of measuring the residual mental capacity via the subsidiary task method]. | The purpose of the study is to evaluate mental loading due to working activities in two occupational groups--flight managers and punching machine operators. Changes in residual mental capacity are studied in relation to character of the specific work performed and working conditions. Residual capacity changes, measured... | [Assessment of the mental load of flight managers and of perforating machine operators by means of measuring the residual mental capacity via the subsidiary task method]. The purpose of the study is to evaluate mental loading due to working activities in two occupational groups--flight managers and punching machine ope... | [
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PMID:17872 | Non-equilibrium freezing behaviour of aqueous systems. | The tendencies to non-equilibrium freezing behaviour commonly noted in representative aqueous systems derive from bulk and surface properties according to the circumstances. Supercooling and supersaturation are limited by heterogeneous nucleation in the presence of solid impurities. Homogeneous nucleation has been obse... | Non-equilibrium freezing behaviour of aqueous systems. The tendencies to non-equilibrium freezing behaviour commonly noted in representative aqueous systems derive from bulk and surface properties according to the circumstances. Supercooling and supersaturation are limited by heterogeneous nucleation in the presence of... | [
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PMID:17873 | Water transport and cell survival in cryobiological procedures. | Living cells may be cooled to 77 K (liquid nitrogen) either to destroy them selectively or to store them for long periods. Water transport across the cell membranes during freezing and thawing is a primary factor determining whether the cells survive. These water movements are controlled by phase changes both intracell... | Water transport and cell survival in cryobiological procedures. Living cells may be cooled to 77 K (liquid nitrogen) either to destroy them selectively or to store them for long periods. Water transport across the cell membranes during freezing and thawing is a primary factor determining whether the cells survive. Thes... | [
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PMID:17874 | The organization and function of water in protein crystals. | Dry proteins are dead, or at best asleep. Substitution of D2O can drastically alter biological activity. Water is thus essential in maintaining the structural integrity of biologically active macromolecules, and is implicated in their functioning. Such water may occupy a range of dynamical states, from being strongly b... | The organization and function of water in protein crystals. Dry proteins are dead, or at best asleep. Substitution of D2O can drastically alter biological activity. Water is thus essential in maintaining the structural integrity of biologically active macromolecules, and is implicated in their functioning. Such water m... | [
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PMID:17878 | Theoretical approaches to the intermolecular nature of water. | A brief review is presented of recent advances in theoretical understanding of liquid water. These advances include detailed quantitative specification of water-molecule interaction potentials, and development of several techniques in statistical mechanics for predicting molecular order in the liquid. Specifically, com... | Theoretical approaches to the intermolecular nature of water. A brief review is presented of recent advances in theoretical understanding of liquid water. These advances include detailed quantitative specification of water-molecule interaction potentials, and development of several techniques in statistical mechanics f... | [
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PMID:17881 | Stress-induced alterations of cyclic nucleotide levels in brain: effects of centrally acting drugs. | Acute stressing procedures cause a shortlasting increase in the levels of guanosie 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) in mouse brain without significantly influencing the concentrations of adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP). Animals were pretreated with various centrally acting drugs before being stressed in order to study t... | Stress-induced alterations of cyclic nucleotide levels in brain: effects of centrally acting drugs. Acute stressing procedures cause a shortlasting increase in the levels of guanosie 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) in mouse brain without significantly influencing the concentrations of adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP). A... | [
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PMID:17891 | Physiological role of yeasts NAD(P)+ and NADP+-linked aldehyde dehydrogenases. | The activity of NAD+ and NADP+-linked aldehyde dehydrogenases has been investigated in yeast cells grown under different conditions. As occurs in other dehydrogenase reactions the NAD(P)+-linked enzyme was strongly repressed in all hypoxic conditions; nervetheless, the NADP+-linked enzyme was active. The results sugges... | Physiological role of yeasts NAD(P)+ and NADP+-linked aldehyde dehydrogenases. The activity of NAD+ and NADP+-linked aldehyde dehydrogenases has been investigated in yeast cells grown under different conditions. As occurs in other dehydrogenase reactions the NAD(P)+-linked enzyme was strongly repressed in all hypoxic c... | [
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PMID:17892 | Bioenergetics in clinical medicine XV. Inhibition of coenzyme Q10-enzymes by clinically used adrenergic blockers of beta-receptors. | Adrenergic blockers for beta-receptors were studied for inhibition of mitochrondrial CoQ10-enzymes. These enzymes are indispensable for the bioenegetics of the myocardium. Propranolol is frequently used to treat hypertension; in some patients, it depresses myocardial function as an adverse reaction. This side effect ma... | Bioenergetics in clinical medicine XV. Inhibition of coenzyme Q10-enzymes by clinically used adrenergic blockers of beta-receptors. Adrenergic blockers for beta-receptors were studied for inhibition of mitochrondrial CoQ10-enzymes. These enzymes are indispensable for the bioenegetics of the myocardium. Propranolol is f... | [
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PMID:17894 | Ethanol-induced inhibition of guanylate cyclase in liver, pancreas, stomach and intestine. | Ethanol decreases hepatic protein and albumin synthesis, and inhibits pancreatic water, bicarbonate, and protein secretion. Since these actions of ethanol are opposite to those reported for secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, and pentagastrin which may be mediated through increases in cyclic GMP, it appeared possib... | Ethanol-induced inhibition of guanylate cyclase in liver, pancreas, stomach and intestine. Ethanol decreases hepatic protein and albumin synthesis, and inhibits pancreatic water, bicarbonate, and protein secretion. Since these actions of ethanol are opposite to those reported for secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin,... | [
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PMID:17895 | Procainamide pharmacokinetics in beagles: urinary pH dependency and comparison with n-acetylprocainamide. | Male and female beagles received intravenous (i.v.) bolus injections of procainamide (PA) to study its pharmacokinetic behavior and to determine the effect of urinary pH upon renal excretion. Urinary alkalinization caused an increase in plasma disappearance half-life (t1/2) and decreases in renal clearance (ClR) and to... | Procainamide pharmacokinetics in beagles: urinary pH dependency and comparison with n-acetylprocainamide. Male and female beagles received intravenous (i.v.) bolus injections of procainamide (PA) to study its pharmacokinetic behavior and to determine the effect of urinary pH upon renal excretion. Urinary alkalinization... | [
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PMID:17896 | Brain gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in mice genetically selected for sensitivity to ethanol. | The present study describes the regional distribution of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase for two lines of mice (long-sleep and short-sleep) selectively bred for differences in sleep-time after the administration of ethanol. The long-sleep animals exhibited higher levels of the enzyme in all areas of brain. | Brain gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in mice genetically selected for sensitivity to ethanol. The present study describes the regional distribution of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase for two lines of mice (long-sleep and short-sleep) selectively bred for differences in sleep-time after the administration... | [
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PMID:17898 | Blood-gas properties and function in the fossorial mole rat under normal and hypoxic-hypercapnic atmospheric conditions. | Blood and tissue gas exchange properties of mole rats in normoxic and hypoxic-hypercapnic conditions were compared to the common mammalian pattern. RBC count was 14.0 +/- 1.2-10(6)/microliter. Hb concentration was 15.0 +/- 0.4g/100 ml. P50 (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C) was 29.5 +/- 0.5 mm Hg. Oxygen capacity averaged 20... | Blood-gas properties and function in the fossorial mole rat under normal and hypoxic-hypercapnic atmospheric conditions. Blood and tissue gas exchange properties of mole rats in normoxic and hypoxic-hypercapnic conditions were compared to the common mammalian pattern. RBC count was 14.0 +/- 1.2-10(6)/microliter. Hb con... | [
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PMID:17899 | Crayfish respiration as a function of water oxygenation. | Crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, for several hours breathed water equilibrated either with a hypoxic gas mixture, or air, or oxygen. The hydrostatic pressure in the right epibranchial cavity was recorded and the left epibranchial water sempled from time to time. The higher the water oxygenation, the less the duration o... | Crayfish respiration as a function of water oxygenation. Crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, for several hours breathed water equilibrated either with a hypoxic gas mixture, or air, or oxygen. The hydrostatic pressure in the right epibranchial cavity was recorded and the left epibranchial water sempled from time to time. ... | [
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PMID:17916 | Pineal vasotocin: release into cat cerebrospinal fluid by melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor. | The intracarotid injection of both synthetic melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor (MIF) and purified MIF prepared from bovine hypothalami induces arginine vasotocin release into cerebrospinal fluid of cats and significantly decreases the pineal arginine vasotocin content at 5 minutes after the injec... | Pineal vasotocin: release into cat cerebrospinal fluid by melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor. The intracarotid injection of both synthetic melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor (MIF) and purified MIF prepared from bovine hypothalami induces arginine vasotocin release into cerebr... | [
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PMID:17917 | Haloperidol: effect of long-term treatment on rat striatal dopamine synthesis and turnover. | The short- and long-term effects of neuroleptic drugs differ both clinically and biochemically. Short-term treatment with such a drug causes a kinetic activation of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase. Long-term treatment causes a prompt activation of the enzyme which is followed by a delayed, compensatory deactivation below... | Haloperidol: effect of long-term treatment on rat striatal dopamine synthesis and turnover. The short- and long-term effects of neuroleptic drugs differ both clinically and biochemically. Short-term treatment with such a drug causes a kinetic activation of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase. Long-term treatment causes a pro... | [
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PMID:17918 | Electrically coupled, photosensitive neurons control swimming in a jellyfish. | Central neurons in Polyorchis (Hydromedusae) were impaled with microelectrodes, and conventional resting potentials were obtained. The waveform of action potentials recorded concurrently with swimming events shows evidence of electrotonic coupling between these neurons, which are also directly photosensitive and receiv... | Electrically coupled, photosensitive neurons control swimming in a jellyfish. Central neurons in Polyorchis (Hydromedusae) were impaled with microelectrodes, and conventional resting potentials were obtained. The waveform of action potentials recorded concurrently with swimming events shows evidence of electrotonic cou... | [
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PMID:17914 | [Polyneuropathy due to "allergic vasculitis" possibly related to australia antigen. (author's transl)]. | The authors describe a case of flaccid tetraplegia due to a polyneuropathy in a man aged 50 years, progressing rapidly to death from mesenteric infarction. As significant abnormalities, the hematologic examinations revealed a very high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, a marked leukocytosis and a positive Australia antig... | [Polyneuropathy due to "allergic vasculitis" possibly related to australia antigen. (author's transl)]. The authors describe a case of flaccid tetraplegia due to a polyneuropathy in a man aged 50 years, progressing rapidly to death from mesenteric infarction. As significant abnormalities, the hematologic examinations r... | [
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PMID:17919 | Stimulation of in vitro translation of messenger RNA by actinomycin D and cordycepin. | Actinomycin D and cordycepin were tested for their effect on translation in the wheat germ embryo extract and reticulocyte lysate assays for in vitro protein synthesis. Both drugs were found to stimulate the incorporation of 35S-labeled methionine into protein up to threefold as compared to control assays. This was tru... | Stimulation of in vitro translation of messenger RNA by actinomycin D and cordycepin. Actinomycin D and cordycepin were tested for their effect on translation in the wheat germ embryo extract and reticulocyte lysate assays for in vitro protein synthesis. Both drugs were found to stimulate the incorporation of 35S-label... | [
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PMID:17920 | Dihydrofolate reductase: x-ray structure of the binary complex with methotrexate. | A central eight-stranded beta-pleated sheet is the main feature of the polypeptide backbone folding in dihydrofolate reductase. The innermost four strands and two bridging helices are geometrically similar to but are connected in a different way from those in the dinucleotide binding domains found in nicotinamide-adeni... | Dihydrofolate reductase: x-ray structure of the binary complex with methotrexate. A central eight-stranded beta-pleated sheet is the main feature of the polypeptide backbone folding in dihydrofolate reductase. The innermost four strands and two bridging helices are geometrically similar to but are connected in a differ... | [
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PMID:17921 | Calcium-dependent depression of a late outward current in snail neurons. | Neuron cell bodies of Helix pomatia were voltage-clamped with a 300-millisecond depolarizing test pulse (pulse II) delivered I second after a depolarizing conditioning pulse (pulse I). The outward current, measured 200 milliseconds after the onset of pulse. II, exhibited a strong depression that was dependent on the pr... | Calcium-dependent depression of a late outward current in snail neurons. Neuron cell bodies of Helix pomatia were voltage-clamped with a 300-millisecond depolarizing test pulse (pulse II) delivered I second after a depolarizing conditioning pulse (pulse I). The outward current, measured 200 milliseconds after the onset... | [
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PMID:17922 | Appetitive and replacement naps: EEG and behavior. | Consistent subjective, behavioral, and electroencephalographic sleep-stage differences were found between afternoon naps of 11 habitual appetitive nappers (who nap lightly for psychological reasons apparently unrelated to reported sleep needs) and 10 replacement nappers (who apparently nap regularly in response to temp... | Appetitive and replacement naps: EEG and behavior. Consistent subjective, behavioral, and electroencephalographic sleep-stage differences were found between afternoon naps of 11 habitual appetitive nappers (who nap lightly for psychological reasons apparently unrelated to reported sleep needs) and 10 replacement napper... | [
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PMID:17927 | The use of counter-immuno-electrophoresis to identify causative organisms in bacterial meningitis: experience in Cape Town. | Crebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 142 patients was tested for the presence of Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcal and meningococcal antigens by counter-immuno-electrophoresis with commercial antisera. Group- or type-specific antigen was detected in the CSF of 67% of 64 patients with meningitis proved by culture to be due ... | The use of counter-immuno-electrophoresis to identify causative organisms in bacterial meningitis: experience in Cape Town. Crebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 142 patients was tested for the presence of Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcal and meningococcal antigens by counter-immuno-electrophoresis with commercial antisera... | [
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PMID:17928 | Studies on myocardial reperfusion injury. I. Favorable modification by adjusting reperfusate pH. | This study tests the hypothesis that postischemic myocardial depression can be reduced by providing an initial reperfusate pH which is appropriate for myocardial temperature (i.e., metabolic systems function optimally when pH is kept slightly alkaline to the neutral point, which changes with temperature in concordance ... | Studies on myocardial reperfusion injury. I. Favorable modification by adjusting reperfusate pH. This study tests the hypothesis that postischemic myocardial depression can be reduced by providing an initial reperfusate pH which is appropriate for myocardial temperature (i.e., metabolic systems function optimally when ... | [
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PMID:17929 | Endogenous serotonin in the control of gastric acid secretion. | In three dogs with Heidenhain pouches (HP), gastric fistulas (GF), and duodenal cannulas, acidification of the duodenum with 0.1N HC1 (5 ml/minute) resulted in significant inhibition of GF output (preacidification, 8.66+/-0.58 mEq/30 minutes; postacidification, 5.47+/-0.66 mEq/30 minutes) and elevated peripheral venous... | Endogenous serotonin in the control of gastric acid secretion. In three dogs with Heidenhain pouches (HP), gastric fistulas (GF), and duodenal cannulas, acidification of the duodenum with 0.1N HC1 (5 ml/minute) resulted in significant inhibition of GF output (preacidification, 8.66+/-0.58 mEq/30 minutes; postacidificat... | [
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PMID:17932 | Sensitization against non-HLA antigens following bone marrow graft rejection. | A patient with severe aplastic anemia rejected consecutive bone marrow transplants from two HLA-identical sibling donors. Following rejection, the patient developed antibodies that reacted strongly against donor lymphocytes in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay. Whereas the reactivity was initially directed sp... | Sensitization against non-HLA antigens following bone marrow graft rejection. A patient with severe aplastic anemia rejected consecutive bone marrow transplants from two HLA-identical sibling donors. Following rejection, the patient developed antibodies that reacted strongly against donor lymphocytes in the complement-... | [
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PMID:17934 | Enhanced solubility of 2,8 dihydroxyadenine (DOA) in human urine. | Water solubility of the adenine catabolite 2,8 dihydroxyadenine (DOA) frequently forms the basis for predicting potential DOA crystal formation in human urine following infusion of adenine-fortified blood. Measurements relevant to solubility, ionic dissociation, and supersaturability of DOA in aqueous buffers and human... | Enhanced solubility of 2,8 dihydroxyadenine (DOA) in human urine. Water solubility of the adenine catabolite 2,8 dihydroxyadenine (DOA) frequently forms the basis for predicting potential DOA crystal formation in human urine following infusion of adenine-fortified blood. Measurements relevant to solubility, ionic disso... | [
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PMID:17940 | Uropharmacology: v. choline esters and other parasympathomimetic drugs. | Various parasympathomimetic drugs are discussed, including the choline esters, bethanechol, carbachol, methacholine chloride, and furtrethonium. Other cholinomimetic agents include muscarine, muscarone, arecholine, and pilocarpine. Anticholinesterase agents inhibit or inactivate acetylcholinesterase enzyme and thus res... | Uropharmacology: v. choline esters and other parasympathomimetic drugs. Various parasympathomimetic drugs are discussed, including the choline esters, bethanechol, carbachol, methacholine chloride, and furtrethonium. Other cholinomimetic agents include muscarine, muscarone, arecholine, and pilocarpine. Anticholinestera... | [
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PMID:17942 | The outbreak of equine influenza in England: January 1976. | Equine influenza type 2 infections occurred in the Newmarket areas in January 1976. The disease did not spread to any extent and while this may have been due to recent vaccination it was found that not all vaccinated horses were fully protected. The virus involved showed some antigenic drift from the prototype strain A... | The outbreak of equine influenza in England: January 1976. Equine influenza type 2 infections occurred in the Newmarket areas in January 1976. The disease did not spread to any extent and while this may have been due to recent vaccination it was found that not all vaccinated horses were fully protected. The virus invol... | [
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PMID:17944 | Aneurysms of the coronary arteries in infants and children. A review, and report of six cases. | In recent years large numbers of the so-called "mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome" or "Kawasaki's disease" have been described by Japanese workers, but instances of this disorder are only now being reported as isolated cases by European or North American physicians. The disease has, therefore, been considered to be a n... | Aneurysms of the coronary arteries in infants and children. A review, and report of six cases. In recent years large numbers of the so-called "mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome" or "Kawasaki's disease" have been described by Japanese workers, but instances of this disorder are only now being reported as isolated cases ... | [
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PMID:17945 | [Cardiac output, blood gas analysis and the acid-base state of the blood in chronic cor pulmonale]. | In 61 patients with chronic cor pulmonale with compensation and decompensation of circulation, the stroke and minute heart volume were studied as well as the indices, characterizing the blood-gas contents and acid-base blood state. The minute heart volume in the patients examined proved to be with normal values. Stroke... | [Cardiac output, blood gas analysis and the acid-base state of the blood in chronic cor pulmonale]. In 61 patients with chronic cor pulmonale with compensation and decompensation of circulation, the stroke and minute heart volume were studied as well as the indices, characterizing the blood-gas contents and acid-base b... | [
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