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PMID:18144 | Proton translocation coupled to electron flow from endogenous substrates to fumarate in anaerobically grown Escherichia coli K12. | Observed leads to H+/2e- values for proton translocation during the reduction of fumarate by endogenous substrates in anaerobic cells of Escherichia coli K12 varied with fumarate concentration. This variation was probably due mainly to incomplete fumarate utilization. Under optimum conditions a minimum value for leads ... | Proton translocation coupled to electron flow from endogenous substrates to fumarate in anaerobically grown Escherichia coli K12. Observed leads to H+/2e- values for proton translocation during the reduction of fumarate by endogenous substrates in anaerobic cells of Escherichia coli K12 varied with fumarate concentrati... | [
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PMID:18145 | Effects of starvation and development on mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase of rat liver. | The activity of the putative ketogenic beta-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase from mitochondria of rat liver increases with starvation, during neonatal life, and after the injection of glucagon. These changes are associated with alteration in ketonaemia. The changes in activities of this species of thiolase are not associated with ... | Effects of starvation and development on mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase of rat liver. The activity of the putative ketogenic beta-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase from mitochondria of rat liver increases with starvation, during neonatal life, and after the injection of glucagon. These changes are associated with alt... | [
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PMID:18146 | Guanylate cyclase activity and cyclic nucleotide concentrations during liver regeneration after experimental injury. | Cyclic nucleotide concentrations and guanylate cyclase activity were measured in regenerating rat liver. Previous work has shown that in livers of partially hepatectomized rats the activity of a membrane-bound guanylate cyclase increases considerably during the early replicative phase [Kimura & Murad (1975) Proc. N... | Guanylate cyclase activity and cyclic nucleotide concentrations during liver regeneration after experimental injury. Cyclic nucleotide concentrations and guanylate cyclase activity were measured in regenerating rat liver. Previous work has shown that in livers of partially hepatectomized rats the activity of a membrane... | [
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PMID:18147 | Catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase of caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex. Effects of guanine nucleotides. | 1. GTP and GMP-P(NH)P (guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate) were observed to increase the stimulation of neural adenylate cyclase by dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) and noradrenaline. 2. GMP-P(NH)P had a biphasic effect on the enzyme activity. 3. Preincubation of membranes with GMP-P(NH)P activated the enzyme by a pro... | Catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase of caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex. Effects of guanine nucleotides. 1. GTP and GMP-P(NH)P (guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate) were observed to increase the stimulation of neural adenylate cyclase by dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) and noradrenaline. 2. GMP-P(NH)P had a b... | [
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PMID:18157 | Cardiac action of carazolol and methypranol in comparison with other beta-receptor blockers. | The new beta-blockers 4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-amino-propoxy)-carbazole (carazolol) and 1-(4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenyloxy)-3-isopropylamino-propan-2-ol (methypranol, Disorat) were compared with 14 well-known beta-blocking agents with regard to isoproterenol antagonism (equipotent doses in the rabbit i.v.), acute to... | Cardiac action of carazolol and methypranol in comparison with other beta-receptor blockers. The new beta-blockers 4-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-amino-propoxy)-carbazole (carazolol) and 1-(4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenyloxy)-3-isopropylamino-propan-2-ol (methypranol, Disorat) were compared with 14 well-known beta-blocking a... | [
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PMID:18158 | Bufuralol, a new beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent. Part 1: synthesis and structure-activity studies in a series of benzofuran-2-ethanolamines. | The synthesis and resolution of a new beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, 1-(7-ethylbenzofuran-2-yl)-2-tert.-butylamino-1-hydroxyethane (bufuralol) are described. Structure-activity studies leading to selection of the title compound are discussed. | Bufuralol, a new beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent. Part 1: synthesis and structure-activity studies in a series of benzofuran-2-ethanolamines. The synthesis and resolution of a new beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, 1-(7-ethylbenzofuran-2-yl)-2-tert.-butylamino-1-hydroxyethane (bufuralol) are described. Structure-activi... | [
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PMID:18162 | Studies on the biosynthesis of 16-membered macrolide antibiotics using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | The origin of the skeletal carbons in the lactone ring of 16-membered macrolide antiobiotics has been studied. 13C-labeled antibiotics leucomycin and tylosin, have been obtained from the culture broth of Streptomyces kitasatoensis 66-14-3 and Streptomyces fradiae C-373, respectively in the presence of appropriate 13C-l... | Studies on the biosynthesis of 16-membered macrolide antibiotics using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The origin of the skeletal carbons in the lactone ring of 16-membered macrolide antiobiotics has been studied. 13C-labeled antibiotics leucomycin and tylosin, have been obtained from the culture bro... | [
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PMID:18166 | Interaction of the aldolase and the membrane of human erythrocytes. | Up to 80% of cellular aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) was retained in the membrane fraction isolated following hemolysis of human erythrocytes under appropriate conditions. Binding was reversed by increasing the pH and ionic strength. Millimolar levels of the substrate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, selectively eluted aldolase fro... | Interaction of the aldolase and the membrane of human erythrocytes. Up to 80% of cellular aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) was retained in the membrane fraction isolated following hemolysis of human erythrocytes under appropriate conditions. Binding was reversed by increasing the pH and ionic strength. Millimolar levels of the s... | [
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PMID:18169 | The effect of calcium on the respiratory responses of mung bean mitochondria. | Purified mung bean hypocotyl mitochondria were examined for their capacity to carry out respiration-dependent accumulation of calcium. The addition of 0.1-1.0 mM calcium to mung bean mitochondria supplemented with succinate gave no stimulation of state 4 respiration even in the presence of inorganic phosphate and the i... | The effect of calcium on the respiratory responses of mung bean mitochondria. Purified mung bean hypocotyl mitochondria were examined for their capacity to carry out respiration-dependent accumulation of calcium. The addition of 0.1-1.0 mM calcium to mung bean mitochondria supplemented with succinate gave no stimulatio... | [
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PMID:18170 | A simple procedure for isolating adenosine triphosphatase from mitochondria. | A simple method for isolation of adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3) from mitochondria is described. The enzyme is released from mitochondrial Lubrol particles by drastic sonication and purified by gel filtration on Sepharose 6-B. The described procedure is effective in isolating adenosine triphosphatase from rat liv... | A simple procedure for isolating adenosine triphosphatase from mitochondria. A simple method for isolation of adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3) from mitochondria is described. The enzyme is released from mitochondrial Lubrol particles by drastic sonication and purified by gel filtration on Sepharose 6-B. The descri... | [
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PMID:18171 | ZETA-Potential and surface charge of Thermoplasma acidophila. | The surface charge density and the zeta-potential of Thermoplasma acidophila was estimated from microscopic electrophoresis experiments. The cells moved towards the positive electrode. The mobility remained constant from pH 2 to 5, and increased for pH values higher than 6. The mobility at pH 6 decreased dramatically w... | ZETA-Potential and surface charge of Thermoplasma acidophila. The surface charge density and the zeta-potential of Thermoplasma acidophila was estimated from microscopic electrophoresis experiments. The cells moved towards the positive electrode. The mobility remained constant from pH 2 to 5, and increased for pH value... | [
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PMID:18172 | H/2H isotope effect in redox reactions of cytochrome c. | The rate of reaction of ferro- and ferricytochrome c (C(II) and C(III) with ferri- and ferrocyanide and of C(III) with 02- and CO2- was determined in H2O and in 2H2O in the temperature range 5-35 degrees C. No isotope effect was evident in any of the reductions of C(III); the apparent energy of activation was identical... | H/2H isotope effect in redox reactions of cytochrome c. The rate of reaction of ferro- and ferricytochrome c (C(II) and C(III) with ferri- and ferrocyanide and of C(III) with 02- and CO2- was determined in H2O and in 2H2O in the temperature range 5-35 degrees C. No isotope effect was evident in any of the reductions of... | [
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PMID:18173 | CO2 reduction by intact chloroplasts under a diminished proton gradient. | 9-Aminoacridine has been used to monitor the intrathylakoid pH of photosynthetically competent intact chloroplasts. Values obtained from 9-aminoacridine accumulation in the chloroplasts must be corrected for light-dependent binding of 9-aminoacridine to the thylakoid membranes. During nitrite reduction by intact chloro... | CO2 reduction by intact chloroplasts under a diminished proton gradient. 9-Aminoacridine has been used to monitor the intrathylakoid pH of photosynthetically competent intact chloroplasts. Values obtained from 9-aminoacridine accumulation in the chloroplasts must be corrected for light-dependent binding of 9-aminoacrid... | [
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PMID:18174 | The effect of chloroplast coupling factor removal on thylakoid membrane ion permeability. | Removal of coupling factor protein (CF1) from spinach thylakoid membranes results in an enhancement of proton permeability but has no effect on chloride or potassium permeability. Anion permeability was measured by the rate of thylakoid packed volume changes. Potassium permeability was monitored by turbidity changes, p... | The effect of chloroplast coupling factor removal on thylakoid membrane ion permeability. Removal of coupling factor protein (CF1) from spinach thylakoid membranes results in an enhancement of proton permeability but has no effect on chloride or potassium permeability. Anion permeability was measured by the rate of thy... | [
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PMID:18175 | Identification of S2 as the sensitive state to alkaline photoinactivation of photosystem II in chloroplasts. | 1. Chloroplasts have been preilluminated by a sequence of n short saturating flashes immediately before alkalinization to pH 9.3, and brought back 2 min later to pH 7.8. The assay of Photosystem II activity through dichlorophenolindophenol photoreduction, oxygen evolution, fluorescence induction, shows that part of the... | Identification of S2 as the sensitive state to alkaline photoinactivation of photosystem II in chloroplasts. 1. Chloroplasts have been preilluminated by a sequence of n short saturating flashes immediately before alkalinization to pH 9.3, and brought back 2 min later to pH 7.8. The assay of Photosystem II activity thro... | [
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PMID:18177 | A Cl-/HCO-3-ATPase in the gills of Carassius auratus. Its inhibition by thiocyanate. | An ATPase is demonstrated in plasma membrane fractions of goldfish gills. This enzyme is stimulated by Cl- and HCO-3, inhibited by SCN-. Biochemical characterization shows that HCO-3 stimulation (Km = 2.5 mequiv./l) is specifically inhibited in a competitive fashion by SCN- (Ki = 0.25 mequiv./l). This residual Mg2+-dep... | A Cl-/HCO-3-ATPase in the gills of Carassius auratus. Its inhibition by thiocyanate. An ATPase is demonstrated in plasma membrane fractions of goldfish gills. This enzyme is stimulated by Cl- and HCO-3, inhibited by SCN-. Biochemical characterization shows that HCO-3 stimulation (Km = 2.5 mequiv./l) is specifically inh... | [
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PMID:18179 | Proton-induced uptake of mammalian DNA by dog erythrocyte pink ghosts. | Low pH (below 6) induces the uptake of mammalian DNA in dog erythrocyte pink ghosts. Uptake requires either Ca2+ or Mg2+ and is stimulated by ATP. These agents induce a rapid sphering of the ghosts at 37 degrees C and sphering is required for uptake. Uptake is increased in ghosts which have been incubated 60-90 min bef... | Proton-induced uptake of mammalian DNA by dog erythrocyte pink ghosts. Low pH (below 6) induces the uptake of mammalian DNA in dog erythrocyte pink ghosts. Uptake requires either Ca2+ or Mg2+ and is stimulated by ATP. These agents induce a rapid sphering of the ghosts at 37 degrees C and sphering is required for uptake... | [
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PMID:18180 | Regulatory effects of purine nucleotide analogs with liver glutamate dehydrogenase. | A total of 26 different purine nucleotides with specific modifications in the base moiety and/or in the polyphosphate chain as well as various combinations of nucleotides were tested as allosteric effectors of beef liver glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate : NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.1.3). The capac... | Regulatory effects of purine nucleotide analogs with liver glutamate dehydrogenase. A total of 26 different purine nucleotides with specific modifications in the base moiety and/or in the polyphosphate chain as well as various combinations of nucleotides were tested as allosteric effectors of beef liver glutamate dehyd... | [
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PMID:18181 | Reduction of oxidised folates by dihydrofolate reductase from methotrexate-resistant Lactobacillus casei. | The use of alternative substrates by dihydrofolate reductase (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) was investigated as a possible mechanism for the resistance of Lactobacillus casei to the cytotoxic drug methotrexate. The reduction of folic acid and 10-formylfolic acid by homogeneous enzyme was c... | Reduction of oxidised folates by dihydrofolate reductase from methotrexate-resistant Lactobacillus casei. The use of alternative substrates by dihydrofolate reductase (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) was investigated as a possible mechanism for the resistance of Lactobacillus casei to the cy... | [
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PMID:18182 | Purification and properties of the NAD(P)H:nitrate reductase of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. | The assimilatory nitrate reductase from the yeast Rhodotorula glutinus has been purified 740-fold, its different catalytic activities have been characterized and some inhibitors studied. The purified enzyme (150 units per mg protein) contains a cytochrome of the b-557 type. An S20,w of 7.9 S was found by the use of suc... | Purification and properties of the NAD(P)H:nitrate reductase of the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. The assimilatory nitrate reductase from the yeast Rhodotorula glutinus has been purified 740-fold, its different catalytic activities have been characterized and some inhibitors studied. The purified enzyme (150 units per mg... | [
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PMID:18183 | On the determination of isozyme levels in preparations containing cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase. | A spectrophotometric assay has been developed for the determination of the content of each isozyme of aspartate transaminase (L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1) in physiological fluids or tissue extracts. The methods relies on the ability of adipate, at low pH and ionic strength to inhibit the cyt... | On the determination of isozyme levels in preparations containing cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase. A spectrophotometric assay has been developed for the determination of the content of each isozyme of aspartate transaminase (L-aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1) in physiologi... | [
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PMID:18184 | Protein kinases of rabbit and human erythrocyte membranes. Solubilization and characterization. | Two protein kinases (EC 2.7.1.37) from rabbit and one from human erythrocyte membranes have been solubilized with 0.5 M NaCl. These enzymes have been partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and gel filtration. The rabbit membrane enzymes have apparent Mr values of 100 000 and 30 000, as determined in the presence... | Protein kinases of rabbit and human erythrocyte membranes. Solubilization and characterization. Two protein kinases (EC 2.7.1.37) from rabbit and one from human erythrocyte membranes have been solubilized with 0.5 M NaCl. These enzymes have been partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and gel filtration. The rabb... | [
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PMID:18185 | The influence of changes in the phospholipid pattern of intact fibroblasts on the activities of four membrane-bound enzymes. | Human skin fibroblasts, grown to confluency in the presence of 32P for random labelling of the phospholipids, showed upon 24 h incubation in the presence of either 8 mM L-serine or 4 mM ethanolamine an increased content of phosphatidylserine (150% of control cells) or phosphatidylethanolamine (116% of control cells), r... | The influence of changes in the phospholipid pattern of intact fibroblasts on the activities of four membrane-bound enzymes. Human skin fibroblasts, grown to confluency in the presence of 32P for random labelling of the phospholipids, showed upon 24 h incubation in the presence of either 8 mM L-serine or 4 mM ethanolam... | [
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PMID:18186 | Biochemical characterization of alkaline phosphatase in guinea pig thymus. | 1. Alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) in guinea pig thymus was extracted optimally in 10 mM Tris - HCl buffer at pH 8.0 containing 5 g/l Triton X-100. 2. alpha-Glycerophosphate, beta-glycerophosphate and phenolphthalein monophosphate were hydrolyzed by thymu... | Biochemical characterization of alkaline phosphatase in guinea pig thymus. 1. Alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) in guinea pig thymus was extracted optimally in 10 mM Tris - HCl buffer at pH 8.0 containing 5 g/l Triton X-100. 2. alpha-Glycerophosphate, beta-... | [
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PMID:18191 | Histidine and lysine residues and the activity of phospholipase A2 from the venom of Bitis gabonica. | Chemical modification of phospholipase A2 (phosphatide 2-acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) from the venom of gaboon adder (Bitis gabonica) showed that histidine and lysine residues are essential for enzyme activity. Treatment with p-bromophenacyl bromide or pyridoxal 5'-phosphate resulted in the specific covalent modificatio... | Histidine and lysine residues and the activity of phospholipase A2 from the venom of Bitis gabonica. Chemical modification of phospholipase A2 (phosphatide 2-acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) from the venom of gaboon adder (Bitis gabonica) showed that histidine and lysine residues are essential for enzyme activity. Treatment... | [
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PMID:18193 | Intrinsic catalytic activity of procarboxypeptidase A. A kinetic study using fluorine analogues. | Bovine procarboxypeptidase A displays substantial catalytic activity toward halogenated acyl-amino acids, the most active of which is trifluoroacetyl-L-phenylalanine (TFAc-L-Phe). Though this activity is not as great as for the native enzyme, it is quite substantial and far beyond the range of adventitious activation. ... | Intrinsic catalytic activity of procarboxypeptidase A. A kinetic study using fluorine analogues. Bovine procarboxypeptidase A displays substantial catalytic activity toward halogenated acyl-amino acids, the most active of which is trifluoroacetyl-L-phenylalanine (TFAc-L-Phe). Though this activity is not as great as for... | [
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PMID:18194 | Studies on (Na+ +K+) activated ATPase. XLI. Effects of N-ethylmaleimide on overall and partial reactions. | 1. Preincubation with N-ethylmaleimide inhibits the overall activity of highly purified (Na+ +K+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) preparations of rabbit kidney outer medulla. 2. This inhibition is decreased by addition of ATP or 4-nitrophenylphosphate under non-phosphorylating conditions, and also by addition... | Studies on (Na+ +K+) activated ATPase. XLI. Effects of N-ethylmaleimide on overall and partial reactions. 1. Preincubation with N-ethylmaleimide inhibits the overall activity of highly purified (Na+ +K+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) preparations of rabbit kidney outer medulla. 2. This inhibition is decreas... | [
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PMID:18195 | Concerted inhibition of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase by oxalacetate and glyoxylate. I. Oxalomalate formation and stability, and nature of the enzyme inhibition. | Oxalacetate and glyoxylate are each weak inhibitors of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (threo-DS-isocitrate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating), EC 1.1.1.42)9 Together, however, they act in a concerted manner and strongly inhibit the enzyme. The rates of formation and dissociation of the enzyme inhibitor com... | Concerted inhibition of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase by oxalacetate and glyoxylate. I. Oxalomalate formation and stability, and nature of the enzyme inhibition. Oxalacetate and glyoxylate are each weak inhibitors of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (threo-DS-isocitrate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxyl... | [
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PMID:18196 | Two aldehyde dehydrogenases from human liver. Isolation via affinity chromatography and characterization of the isozymes. | Human liver extracts show two major bands with aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.3) activity via starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0. Both bands have been purified to apparent homogeneity via classical chromatography combined with affinity chromatography on 5'-AMP-Sepharose 4B. The slower ... | Two aldehyde dehydrogenases from human liver. Isolation via affinity chromatography and characterization of the isozymes. Human liver extracts show two major bands with aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.3) activity via starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0. Both bands have been purified to a... | [
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PMID:18197 | Purification and some properties of gamma-glutamyltransferase from human liver. | The purification of gamma-glutamyltransferase ((gamma-glutamyl)-peptide: amino acid gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2) from normal human liver is described. The procedure includes solubilization of enzyme from membranes using deoxycholate and Lubrol W, treatment with acetone and butanol, and affinity chromatography... | Purification and some properties of gamma-glutamyltransferase from human liver. The purification of gamma-glutamyltransferase ((gamma-glutamyl)-peptide: amino acid gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2) from normal human liver is described. The procedure includes solubilization of enzyme from membranes using deoxychola... | [
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PMID:18198 | Partial purification and some properties of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from human bile. | 1. Gamma-Glutamyl transpepetidase ((5-glutamyl)-peptide: amino acid 5-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2) from human bile has been partially purified using protamine sulphate treatment, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-200 filtration. The procedure resulted in 150-fold increase in specific acitivity with a 37%... | Partial purification and some properties of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from human bile. 1. Gamma-Glutamyl transpepetidase ((5-glutamyl)-peptide: amino acid 5-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2) from human bile has been partially purified using protamine sulphate treatment, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-2... | [
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PMID:18199 | Reversible modification of amino groups in aspartate aminotransferase. | Amino groups in the pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxamine phosphate, and apo forms of pig heart cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC .2.6.1.1) have been reversibly modified with 2,4-pentanedione. The rate of modification has been measured spectrophotometrically by observ... | Reversible modification of amino groups in aspartate aminotransferase. Amino groups in the pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxamine phosphate, and apo forms of pig heart cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase (L-aspartate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC .2.6.1.1) have been reversibly modified with 2,4-pentanedione. The ... | [
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PMID:18200 | Purification and properties of a triacylglycerol lipase from Mycobacterium phlei. | In order to study the metabolism of triacylglycerol in mycobacteria, an intracellular particulate triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) was purified 800-fold from stationary phase cells of Mycobacterium phlei. Extraction of whole cell suspensions with 5% Triton X-100, followed by ion-exchange chromatography of the extrac... | Purification and properties of a triacylglycerol lipase from Mycobacterium phlei. In order to study the metabolism of triacylglycerol in mycobacteria, an intracellular particulate triacylglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) was purified 800-fold from stationary phase cells of Mycobacterium phlei. Extraction of whole cell suspe... | [
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PMID:18201 | Partial purification and characterization of a triacyglycerol lipase from rat liver cytosol. | A triacyglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) was purifiec about 60-fold from rat liver cytosol by delipidation with acetone and ethyl ether, hydroxyapatitie and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies and isoelectrofocusing electrophoresis. The partially purified enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 42 000 and an isol... | Partial purification and characterization of a triacyglycerol lipase from rat liver cytosol. A triacyglycerol lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) was purifiec about 60-fold from rat liver cytosol by delipidation with acetone and ethyl ether, hydroxyapatitie and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies and isoelectrofocusing electrophore... | [
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PMID:18202 | Characteristics of a cytochrome P-450-dependent fatty acid omega-2 hydroxylase from bacillus megaterium. | The fatty acid (omega-2) hydroxylase from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 was examined with respect to some general enzymatic properties attributed to an intact complex isolated in a partially purified state. Hydroxylase specific activity was found to increase with increasing protein concentration in a manner consistent... | Characteristics of a cytochrome P-450-dependent fatty acid omega-2 hydroxylase from bacillus megaterium. The fatty acid (omega-2) hydroxylase from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 was examined with respect to some general enzymatic properties attributed to an intact complex isolated in a partially purified state. Hydroxy... | [
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PMID:18203 | Influence of hydrogen bonding on the rotamer distribution of the histidine side chain in peptides: 1H NMR and CD studies. | Both 1H NMR and circular dichroism pH titration studies on histidine, His-Gly, Gly-His and Gly-His-Gly indicate that the side-chain spatial orientation depends strongly on the vicinal charges. The arrangement of the imidazole side-chain (rotamer population) is shown by the histidine beta and beta' and the glycine methy... | Influence of hydrogen bonding on the rotamer distribution of the histidine side chain in peptides: 1H NMR and CD studies. Both 1H NMR and circular dichroism pH titration studies on histidine, His-Gly, Gly-His and Gly-His-Gly indicate that the side-chain spatial orientation depends strongly on the vicinal charges. The a... | [
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PMID:18204 | Formation of a complex between yeast L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome b2) and cytochrome c. Ultracentrifugal and gel chromatographic analyses. | Yeast L-lactate dehydrogenase formed a stable complex with cytochrome c in weakly alkaline solution of low ionic strength. The binding ratio of cytochrome c to the enzyme depended on whether free cytochrome c was present: In the presence of a micromolar concentration of cytochrome c the enzyme formed a complex with abo... | Formation of a complex between yeast L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome b2) and cytochrome c. Ultracentrifugal and gel chromatographic analyses. Yeast L-lactate dehydrogenase formed a stable complex with cytochrome c in weakly alkaline solution of low ionic strength. The binding ratio of cytochrome c to the enzyme dep... | [
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PMID:18206 | Conformation of hyaluronate in neutral and alkaline solutions. | Increasing the pH of a neutral salt solution of sodium hyaluronate to 12.5 produces a rapid drop in viscosity which is reversible upon restoring the pH to neutrality. Light scattering data showing a decrease in radius of gyration with no change in molecular weight and negative results with chondroitin and other acidic ... | Conformation of hyaluronate in neutral and alkaline solutions. Increasing the pH of a neutral salt solution of sodium hyaluronate to 12.5 produces a rapid drop in viscosity which is reversible upon restoring the pH to neutrality. Light scattering data showing a decrease in radius of gyration with no change in molecular... | [
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PMID:18207 | Cyclic AMP-dependent control of the rat hepatic glutathione disulfide-sulfhydryl ratio. | The disulfide-sulfhydryl ratio of rat hepatic tissue has been found to vary diurnally lowest in the early morning and highest in the early evening (Isaacs, J. (1976) Fed. Proc. 35, 1472, and Isaacs, J. and Binkley, F. (1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 497, 192-204). Intraperitoneal injections of dibutyryl cyclic AMP induce... | Cyclic AMP-dependent control of the rat hepatic glutathione disulfide-sulfhydryl ratio. The disulfide-sulfhydryl ratio of rat hepatic tissue has been found to vary diurnally lowest in the early morning and highest in the early evening (Isaacs, J. (1976) Fed. Proc. 35, 1472, and Isaacs, J. and Binkley, F. (1977) Biochim... | [
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PMID:18208 | Effects of guanosine on insulin secretion and adenylyl and guanylyl cyclase activities of isolated rat islets of Langerhans. | The effect of guanosine on insulin secretion, adenylyl and guanylyl cyclase activities of isolated rat islets of Langerhans was investigated. Guanosine (1-100 micron) inhibited glucose, tolbutamide, theophylline and prostaglandin E2-stimulated insulin secretion although it failed to affect glucagon stimulated secretion... | Effects of guanosine on insulin secretion and adenylyl and guanylyl cyclase activities of isolated rat islets of Langerhans. The effect of guanosine on insulin secretion, adenylyl and guanylyl cyclase activities of isolated rat islets of Langerhans was investigated. Guanosine (1-100 micron) inhibited glucose, tolbutami... | [
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PMID:18209 | Incorporation of mannose and glucose into prenylphosphate sugars in isolated human platelet membranes. | Isolated platelet membranes synthesize mannosylretinyl phosphate and dolichylmannosyl phosphate from GDP-[14C]mannose, but only dolichylglucosyl-phosphate is synthesized from UDP-[14C]glucose. Addition of exogenous retinylphosphate specifically stimulates the biosynthesis of mannosylretinylphosphate. | Incorporation of mannose and glucose into prenylphosphate sugars in isolated human platelet membranes. Isolated platelet membranes synthesize mannosylretinyl phosphate and dolichylmannosyl phosphate from GDP-[14C]mannose, but only dolichylglucosyl-phosphate is synthesized from UDP-[14C]glucose. Addition of exogenous re... | [
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PMID:18210 | The reaction of superoxide radical with iron complexes of EDTA studied by pulse radiolysis. | The reactions of Fe3+-EDTA and Fe2+-EDTA with O2- and CO2- were investigated in the pH range 3.8--11.8. Around neutral pH O2- reduces Fe3+-EDTA with a rate constant which is pH dependent kpH 5.8--8.1 = 2 - 10(6)--5 - 10(5) M-1 - s-1. At higher pH values this reaction becomes much slower. The CO2- radical reduces Fe3+-E... | The reaction of superoxide radical with iron complexes of EDTA studied by pulse radiolysis. The reactions of Fe3+-EDTA and Fe2+-EDTA with O2- and CO2- were investigated in the pH range 3.8--11.8. Around neutral pH O2- reduces Fe3+-EDTA with a rate constant which is pH dependent kpH 5.8--8.1 = 2 - 10(6)--5 - 10(5) M-1 -... | [
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PMID:18211 | Interconversion of multiple forms of tyrosine aminotransferase in vitro and in vivo in cultured hepatoma cells. | Corticosteroid-induced tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) from cultured hepatoma cells was separated by carboxymethyl-Sephadex chromatography into three molecular forms resembling those described previously in the rat liver. Enzyme forms were isolated and used as purified substrates to examine their in vitro interc... | Interconversion of multiple forms of tyrosine aminotransferase in vitro and in vivo in cultured hepatoma cells. Corticosteroid-induced tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) from cultured hepatoma cells was separated by carboxymethyl-Sephadex chromatography into three molecular forms resembling those described previous... | [
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PMID:18212 | Studies of Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes of imidazole and n-methylimidazole with regard to the activity related ionization in carbonic anhydrase. | Mixed aquo-N-methylimidazole complexes of Co(II) have been studied as a function of pH to gain a fuller understanding of the metal-binding site in Co(II)-carbonic anhydrase. The inherent affinity of N-methylimidazole for Co(II) has been calculated along with a species distribution for the stepwise addition of ligand to... | Studies of Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes of imidazole and n-methylimidazole with regard to the activity related ionization in carbonic anhydrase. Mixed aquo-N-methylimidazole complexes of Co(II) have been studied as a function of pH to gain a fuller understanding of the metal-binding site in Co(II)-carbonic anhydrase. Th... | [
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PMID:18213 | Interactions between alpha-amino acids and cobalt(II) bovine-carbonic anhydrase. | The results of a study on the interaction between cobalt(II) bovine carbonic anhydrase and the alpha-amino acids L(+) and D(-)alanine, glycine and betaine are reported. L(+)alanine and glycine have been found to have larger affinity for the enzyme than D(-)alanine whereas no sizable affinity is shown by betaine. The el... | Interactions between alpha-amino acids and cobalt(II) bovine-carbonic anhydrase. The results of a study on the interaction between cobalt(II) bovine carbonic anhydrase and the alpha-amino acids L(+) and D(-)alanine, glycine and betaine are reported. L(+)alanine and glycine have been found to have larger affinity for th... | [
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PMID:18214 | Circularly polarized emission studies on Tb3+ and Eu3+ complexes with potentially terdentate amino acids in aqueous solution. | Circularly polarized emission (CPE) and total emission (TE) spectra are reported for Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes of L-aspartic acid (L-asp), L-serine (L-ser), L-threonine (L-thr) and L-histidine (L-his) in D2O solution under various pH conditions. Variations in TE and CPE intensities and in CPE splittings and sign patterns... | Circularly polarized emission studies on Tb3+ and Eu3+ complexes with potentially terdentate amino acids in aqueous solution. Circularly polarized emission (CPE) and total emission (TE) spectra are reported for Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes of L-aspartic acid (L-asp), L-serine (L-ser), L-threonine (L-thr) and L-histidine (L-... | [
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PMID:18215 | Heavy metal-nucleotide interactions. IX. Raman difference spectroscopic studies on the binding of CH3Hg(II) to 1-methylthymine, thymidine-5'-monophosphate, DNA models and native DNA. | Raman spectra have been obtained for dTMP and its complex with CH3Hg (II) in aqueous solution as a function of pH. Difference spectroscopy is employed to increase the sensitivity of the Raman technique. The binding reaction is essentially quantitative from pH 3 to 9, and the value of the equilibrium constant for CH3HgO... | Heavy metal-nucleotide interactions. IX. Raman difference spectroscopic studies on the binding of CH3Hg(II) to 1-methylthymine, thymidine-5'-monophosphate, DNA models and native DNA. Raman spectra have been obtained for dTMP and its complex with CH3Hg (II) in aqueous solution as a function of pH. Difference spectroscop... | [
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PMID:18216 | [Phospholipase of rat intestine: mode of action]. | Phospholipase activities of rat intestinal mucosa homogenate have been determined from lysophosphatidylcholines [14C] and phosphatidylcholines [-3H-14C]. In the presence of phosphatidylcholines, at pH 6.5, the homogenate has a phospholipase B activity. At pH 8.5, a phospholipase A2 activity was shown. In the presence ... | [Phospholipase of rat intestine: mode of action]. Phospholipase activities of rat intestinal mucosa homogenate have been determined from lysophosphatidylcholines [14C] and phosphatidylcholines [-3H-14C]. In the presence of phosphatidylcholines, at pH 6.5, the homogenate has a phospholipase B activity. At pH 8.5, a pho... | [
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PMID:18219 | Ionic permeability of K, Na, and Cl in crayfish nerve. Regulation by membrane fixed charges and pH. | Teorell's fixed charge theory for membrane ion permeability was utilized to calculate specific ionic permeabilities from measurements of membrane potential, conductance, and specific ionic transference numbers. The results were compared with the passive ionic conductances calculated from the branched equivalent circuit... | Ionic permeability of K, Na, and Cl in crayfish nerve. Regulation by membrane fixed charges and pH. Teorell's fixed charge theory for membrane ion permeability was utilized to calculate specific ionic permeabilities from measurements of membrane potential, conductance, and specific ionic transference numbers. The resul... | [
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PMID:18220 | Swelling of skinned muscle fibers of the frog. Experimental observations. | Frog skeletal muscle fibers, mechanically skinned under water-saturated silicone oil, swell upon transfer to aqueous relaxing medium (60 mM KCl; 3 mM MgCl(2); 3 mM ATP; 4 mM EGTA; 20 mM Tris maleate; pH = 7.0; ionic strength 0.15 M). Their cross-sectional areas, estimated with an elliptical approximation, increase 2.32... | Swelling of skinned muscle fibers of the frog. Experimental observations. Frog skeletal muscle fibers, mechanically skinned under water-saturated silicone oil, swell upon transfer to aqueous relaxing medium (60 mM KCl; 3 mM MgCl(2); 3 mM ATP; 4 mM EGTA; 20 mM Tris maleate; pH = 7.0; ionic strength 0.15 M). Their cross-... | [
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PMID:18223 | Tyrosine fluorescence of two tryptophan-free proteins: histones H1 and H5. | The fluorescence intensity of the single tyrosine residue in histone H1 increases from RTYR = 0.3 to RTYR = 1.3 as the protein undergoes a conformational change from the random coil state to a folded form. Enhanced fluorescence in the folded state has not been observed before in ap protein. Histone H5 shows no change i... | Tyrosine fluorescence of two tryptophan-free proteins: histones H1 and H5. The fluorescence intensity of the single tyrosine residue in histone H1 increases from RTYR = 0.3 to RTYR = 1.3 as the protein undergoes a conformational change from the random coil state to a folded form. Enhanced fluorescence in the folded sta... | [
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PMID:18226 | Quantitative determination of enantiomeric compounds. I--Simultaneous measurement of the optical isomers of amphetamine in human plasma and saliva using chemical ionization mass spectrometry. | A sensitive and specific method for the quantitative determination of the optical isomers of amphetamine from human plasma and saliva is described. Amphetamine was extracted from basified plasma or saliva with hexane and then derivatized by reaction with N-pentafluorobenzoyl-S-(-)-prolyl-1-imidazolide. The reaction of ... | Quantitative determination of enantiomeric compounds. I--Simultaneous measurement of the optical isomers of amphetamine in human plasma and saliva using chemical ionization mass spectrometry. A sensitive and specific method for the quantitative determination of the optical isomers of amphetamine from human plasma and s... | [
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PMID:18228 | Possible origin of gating current in nerve membrane. | The present information about gating current observed in squid giant axons points towards the distinct possibility of the current arising from the Debye relaxation of the carboxyl groups in the side chains of the globular proteins enclosing the ionic channels. These carboxyl groups form dipole chains stretching across ... | Possible origin of gating current in nerve membrane. The present information about gating current observed in squid giant axons points towards the distinct possibility of the current arising from the Debye relaxation of the carboxyl groups in the side chains of the globular proteins enclosing the ionic channels. These ... | [
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PMID:18229 | Thermodynamics of the binding of flavin adenine dinucleotide to D-amino acid oxidase. | The enthalpy of binding, deltaHb, of flavin adenine dinucleotide to the apoenzyme of D-amino acid oxidase was determined by flow calorimetry at pH 8.5 to be +3.8, -4.1 and -11.0 kcal mol-1 at 10 degrees, 25 degrees and 38 degrees, respectively. These values correspond to a heat capacity change, deltaCp, of -530 cal K-1... | Thermodynamics of the binding of flavin adenine dinucleotide to D-amino acid oxidase. The enthalpy of binding, deltaHb, of flavin adenine dinucleotide to the apoenzyme of D-amino acid oxidase was determined by flow calorimetry at pH 8.5 to be +3.8, -4.1 and -11.0 kcal mol-1 at 10 degrees, 25 degrees and 38 degrees, res... | [
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PMID:18230 | Simultaneous peptide and oligonucleotide formation in mixtures of amino acid, nucleoside triphosphate, imidazole, and magnesium ion. | Simultaneous peptide and oligonucleotide formation was observed in reaction mixtures of amino acid, nucleoside triphosphate, imidazole, and MgCl2. At 70 degrees C in solutions that were evaporated to dryness the formation of peptide for phe and pro was greatest with CTP relative to ATP, GTP, and UTP. Lysine exhibited a... | Simultaneous peptide and oligonucleotide formation in mixtures of amino acid, nucleoside triphosphate, imidazole, and magnesium ion. Simultaneous peptide and oligonucleotide formation was observed in reaction mixtures of amino acid, nucleoside triphosphate, imidazole, and MgCl2. At 70 degrees C in solutions that were e... | [
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PMID:18231 | Amperometric assay of coenzyme-dependent oxidoreductase enzymes in a flow-through cell. | We have demonstrated that a simple electrochemical cell can serve as a detector of NADH concentration in a flow system thereby providing an assay technique for NADH dependent enzymes. When this is applied to NADH produced by enzymatic reaction, then a reproducible measure of enzyme activity is obtained. This method of ... | Amperometric assay of coenzyme-dependent oxidoreductase enzymes in a flow-through cell. We have demonstrated that a simple electrochemical cell can serve as a detector of NADH concentration in a flow system thereby providing an assay technique for NADH dependent enzymes. When this is applied to NADH produced by enzymat... | [
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PMID:18233 | Growth kinetics and cellulase biosynthesis in the continuous culture of Trichoderma viride. | Continuous culture studies have been carried out growing Trichoderma viride QM 9123 in a 10 liter stirred fermentor on a medium containing commercial glucose as the carbon source. Experiments were carried out at 30 degrees C and at three controlled pH values of 2.5, 3.0, and 4.0 over a range of dilution rates from 0.01... | Growth kinetics and cellulase biosynthesis in the continuous culture of Trichoderma viride. Continuous culture studies have been carried out growing Trichoderma viride QM 9123 in a 10 liter stirred fermentor on a medium containing commercial glucose as the carbon source. Experiments were carried out at 30 degrees C and... | [
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PMID:18234 | [Tyrosine hydroxylase activation upon electric stimulation of isolated hypothalamic nerve endings in rats]. | The effect of electrical stimulation on the membrane-bound tyrosine hydroxylasectivity of the rat hypothalamus synaptosomes was studied. The electrical stimulation caused an elevation of O2 consumption and the elevation of glycolysis indicating synaptosome excitation. The membrane-bound tyrosine hydroxylase activity in... | [Tyrosine hydroxylase activation upon electric stimulation of isolated hypothalamic nerve endings in rats]. The effect of electrical stimulation on the membrane-bound tyrosine hydroxylasectivity of the rat hypothalamus synaptosomes was studied. The electrical stimulation caused an elevation of O2 consumption and the el... | [
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PMID:18235 | [Regeneration of mammalial plantar skin]. | Two sole tubers of rat's hind leg were excised together with the surrounding skin and one of the hind tubers of hind and fore legs in hedgehogs were excised without the surrounding skin. During healing the skin wounds in rats and hedgehogs new skin proved to form with the papillary layer typical of the sole skin. In he... | [Regeneration of mammalial plantar skin]. Two sole tubers of rat's hind leg were excised together with the surrounding skin and one of the hind tubers of hind and fore legs in hedgehogs were excised without the surrounding skin. During healing the skin wounds in rats and hedgehogs new skin proved to form with the papil... | [
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PMID:18236 | [Ammonia formation in the brain during dying and in the recovery period following resuscitation]. | Dynamics of some nitrogen metabolism indices in the brain of dogs during dying and post-resuscitation period was studied in experiments on dogs. Glutamine proved to serve as the main source of ammonium hydrate in the brain during dying and clinical death. In the reconstruction period after revival of the organism gluta... | [Ammonia formation in the brain during dying and in the recovery period following resuscitation]. Dynamics of some nitrogen metabolism indices in the brain of dogs during dying and post-resuscitation period was studied in experiments on dogs. Glutamine proved to serve as the main source of ammonium hydrate in the brain... | [
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PMID:18237 | [Demethylation of methindione]. | Methindion demethylation was shown to occur in rats. This process proceeds with the participation of NADPH-dependent transport system of microsomal electrons. In experiments in vivo methindion demethylation coursed at a high rate and was accompanied by a partial loss of its anticonvulsive effects. | [Demethylation of methindione]. Methindion demethylation was shown to occur in rats. This process proceeds with the participation of NADPH-dependent transport system of microsomal electrons. In experiments in vivo methindion demethylation coursed at a high rate and was accompanied by a partial loss of its anticonvulsiv... | [
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PMID:18238 | [Inactivation of stem cells by allogenic lymphocytes: competition between T1- and T2-subpopulations]. | Transplantation of the bone marrow cells with allogeneic T-lymphocytes to the irradiated hosts was accompanied by inactivation of the stem elements of the graft. The lymph node cells of T-mice (those deprived of B cells) were more active than the spleen cells of these mice. The stem cells inactivation was weakly expres... | [Inactivation of stem cells by allogenic lymphocytes: competition between T1- and T2-subpopulations]. Transplantation of the bone marrow cells with allogeneic T-lymphocytes to the irradiated hosts was accompanied by inactivation of the stem elements of the graft. The lymph node cells of T-mice (those deprived of B cell... | [
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PMID:18239 | Demonstration of hemopoietic stem cells in the peripheral blood of baboons by cross circulation. | Baboons were given 1200 R total body irradiation from two opposing 60Co sources. Three animals were given supportive therapy only and died, as expected, within 8 days of irradiation with profound marrow hypoplasia. Five baboons were cross-circulated with unirradiated partners and died within 14 days with evidence sugge... | Demonstration of hemopoietic stem cells in the peripheral blood of baboons by cross circulation. Baboons were given 1200 R total body irradiation from two opposing 60Co sources. Three animals were given supportive therapy only and died, as expected, within 8 days of irradiation with profound marrow hypoplasia. Five bab... | [
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PMID:18243 | Alterations in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism during the 'withdrawal' phase after chronic treatment with diazepam and bromazepam. | 1 Daily administration of diazepam or bromazepam (10 mg/kg) for 22 days significantly increased the activity of mid-brain tryptophan hydroxylase by 36% and 39%, respectively. The concentration of tryptophan was also enhanced in the mid-brain region of rats subjected to benzodiazepine treatment.2 Chronic therapy with ei... | Alterations in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism during the 'withdrawal' phase after chronic treatment with diazepam and bromazepam. 1 Daily administration of diazepam or bromazepam (10 mg/kg) for 22 days significantly increased the activity of mid-brain tryptophan hydroxylase by 36% and 39%, respectively. The conce... | [
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PMID:18244 | Responses of the cardiovascular system of the rat to alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor agonists. | 1 The effects of intravenously infused phenylephrine and isoprenaline upon the cardiovascular system of the rat anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, have been investigated.2 Phenylephrine produces a dose-dependent rise in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) that is due mainly to an increase in total peripheral vascular r... | Responses of the cardiovascular system of the rat to alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor agonists. 1 The effects of intravenously infused phenylephrine and isoprenaline upon the cardiovascular system of the rat anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, have been investigated.2 Phenylephrine produces a dose-dependent rise in mean arte... | [
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PMID:18245 | Responses of the cardiovascular system of the rat to noradrenaline infusions and their modification by adrenoceptor blocking agents. | 1 The effects of noradrenaline upon the cardiovascular system of the rat, anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, have been investigated.2 Noradrenaline produces a dose-dependent increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) which is due entirely to an increase in cardiac output; total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR)... | Responses of the cardiovascular system of the rat to noradrenaline infusions and their modification by adrenoceptor blocking agents. 1 The effects of noradrenaline upon the cardiovascular system of the rat, anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, have been investigated.2 Noradrenaline produces a dose-dependent increase in m... | [
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PMID:18246 | Development of nicotinic responses in the rat adrenal medulla and long-term effects of neonatal nicotine administration. | 1. The development of nicotinic responses in the rat adrenal medulla was examined at various ages from 1 to 50 days of age by testing the ability of nicotine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) to deplete catecholamines and induce tyrosine hydroxylase. 2. Catecholamines were depleted 25% 3 h after injection of nicotine at all ages tested... | Development of nicotinic responses in the rat adrenal medulla and long-term effects of neonatal nicotine administration. 1. The development of nicotinic responses in the rat adrenal medulla was examined at various ages from 1 to 50 days of age by testing the ability of nicotine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) to deplete catecholamine... | [
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PMID:18247 | Central mechanism of vasopressin-induced changes in antidiuretic hormone release. | 1. Intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered vasopressin (0.001-1.0 u) in dogs anaesthetized with chloralose produced adose-dependent increase in urine flow with a concomitant decrease in the levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in jugular vein blood. 2. Higher doses of vasopressin (1.5-2.0 u, i.c.v) on the other... | Central mechanism of vasopressin-induced changes in antidiuretic hormone release. 1. Intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered vasopressin (0.001-1.0 u) in dogs anaesthetized with chloralose produced adose-dependent increase in urine flow with a concomitant decrease in the levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in ... | [
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PMID:18248 | Selectivity of blocking agents for pre-and postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. | 1. Low frequency (0.1 Hz) electrical stimulation of the rat isolated vas deferens produced regular contractions that were inhibited by low concentrations of clonidine. 2. The inhibition of the vas deferens produced by clonidine was presynaptic in origin and involved alpha-adrenoceptors. 3. Presynaptic alpha-adrenocepto... | Selectivity of blocking agents for pre-and postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. 1. Low frequency (0.1 Hz) electrical stimulation of the rat isolated vas deferens produced regular contractions that were inhibited by low concentrations of clonidine. 2. The inhibition of the vas deferens produced by clonidine was presynaptic... | [
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PMID:18249 | The use of functional antagonism to determine whether beta-adrenoceptor agonists must have a lower efficacy than isoprenaline to be trachea-atria selective in vitro in guinea-pigs. | 1 The relative efficacies of three trachea-atria selective beta-adrenoceptor agonists, fenoterol, Me 506 and Me 454, compared to isoprenaline, were determined on both trachea and atria of guinea-pigs. 2 On tracheal preparations the beta-adrenoceptor agonists were used as functional antagonists of carbachol and a compar... | The use of functional antagonism to determine whether beta-adrenoceptor agonists must have a lower efficacy than isoprenaline to be trachea-atria selective in vitro in guinea-pigs. 1 The relative efficacies of three trachea-atria selective beta-adrenoceptor agonists, fenoterol, Me 506 and Me 454, compared to isoprenali... | [
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PMID:18257 | Subcellular distribution of glutamyltransferase activities in embryonic cerebral hemispheres. | Glutamyltransferase (GT) activities were examined in cell groups from embryonic cerebral hemispheres. During normal development, GT activities were highest in a mixed population of small neurons and non-neuronal cells (small cell group). In culture, in response to hydrocortisone, activities exceeded normal levels only ... | Subcellular distribution of glutamyltransferase activities in embryonic cerebral hemispheres. Glutamyltransferase (GT) activities were examined in cell groups from embryonic cerebral hemispheres. During normal development, GT activities were highest in a mixed population of small neurons and non-neuronal cells (small c... | [
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PMID:18259 | Mnoaminergic reinnervation of the transected spinal cord by homologous fetal brain grafts. | It was shown that immature noradrenaline (NA) containing cells from locus coeruleus and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) containing cells from the raphé nuclei could survive homologous transplantation to adult spinal cords that were adrenergically denervated by a transverse lesion. Fully viable transplants were found at all ... | Mnoaminergic reinnervation of the transected spinal cord by homologous fetal brain grafts. It was shown that immature noradrenaline (NA) containing cells from locus coeruleus and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) containing cells from the raphé nuclei could survive homologous transplantation to adult spinal cords that were ad... | [
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PMID:18265 | Determination of the preferred tautomeric form histamine by 13C nmr spectroscopy. | The pH-dependent 13C chemical shifts for histamine indicate an approximate 4: 1 preference for the N-H tautomer of the imidazole ring, similar to that previously deduced for L-histidine. It is concluded that the 13C chemical shift method is a complimentary technique to the method of determining tautomer preference from... | Determination of the preferred tautomeric form histamine by 13C nmr spectroscopy. The pH-dependent 13C chemical shifts for histamine indicate an approximate 4: 1 preference for the N-H tautomer of the imidazole ring, similar to that previously deduced for L-histidine. It is concluded that the 13C chemical shift method ... | [
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PMID:18266 | Effect of metabolites on epsilon-N-hydroxylysine formation in cell-free extracts of Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1. | The conversion of L-lysine to its corresponding epsilon-N-hydroxy derivative has been achieved for the first time by cell-free extracts of Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1. Partial fractionation by differential centrifugation (at 12 000 X g) revealed that both supernatant and pellet are essential for maximum enzymatic activit... | Effect of metabolites on epsilon-N-hydroxylysine formation in cell-free extracts of Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1. The conversion of L-lysine to its corresponding epsilon-N-hydroxy derivative has been achieved for the first time by cell-free extracts of Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1. Partial fractionation by differential centr... | [
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PMID:18267 | Studies related to antitumor antibiotics. Part IX. Reactions of carzinophillin with DNA assayed by ethidium fluorescence. | The reactions of the antitumor antibiotic carzinophillin (CZ) with native DNAs and synthetic polynucleotides have been examined by an ethidium fluorescence assay. CZ rapidly produces covalent linkage of the complementary strands of a variety of DNAs without activation. This process is accompanied by extensive alkylatio... | Studies related to antitumor antibiotics. Part IX. Reactions of carzinophillin with DNA assayed by ethidium fluorescence. The reactions of the antitumor antibiotic carzinophillin (CZ) with native DNAs and synthetic polynucleotides have been examined by an ethidium fluorescence assay. CZ rapidly produces covalent linkag... | [
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PMID:18268 | Characteristics of potassium ion transport in pea cotyledon mitochondria isolated by a zonal technique. | Methodology was developed for measurement of K+ transport in pea cotyledon mitochondria isolated by zonal centrifugation. The valinomycin-mediated transport process required respiratory energy from Krebs cycle intermediates and was completely reversible in the absence of oxygen. The rate and extent of uptake were depen... | Characteristics of potassium ion transport in pea cotyledon mitochondria isolated by a zonal technique. Methodology was developed for measurement of K+ transport in pea cotyledon mitochondria isolated by zonal centrifugation. The valinomycin-mediated transport process required respiratory energy from Krebs cycle interm... | [
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PMID:18270 | Lithium suppresses elevated behavioural activity and brain catecholamines in developing hyperthyroid rats. | Neonatal hyperthyroidism in rats induced by daily administration of L-triiodothyronine for 30 days since birth resulted in a significant rise in mobility and the metabolism of brain norepinephrine and dopamine. Whereas administration of lithium carbonate (60 mg/kg ip) to normal rats for 6 days produced no effect on spo... | Lithium suppresses elevated behavioural activity and brain catecholamines in developing hyperthyroid rats. Neonatal hyperthyroidism in rats induced by daily administration of L-triiodothyronine for 30 days since birth resulted in a significant rise in mobility and the metabolism of brain norepinephrine and dopamine. Wh... | [
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PMID:18274 | The tricarboxylic and acid pathway in Desulfovibrio. | Strains of two species of Desulfovibrio were examined for enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and related pathways. Pyruvate carboxylase (EC6.4.1.1) is present, and alpha-ketoglutarate is formed via the tricarboxylic acids. Glutamate, but not succinyl-CoA, arises from alpha-ketoglutarate. A pathway exists from pyru... | The tricarboxylic and acid pathway in Desulfovibrio. Strains of two species of Desulfovibrio were examined for enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and related pathways. Pyruvate carboxylase (EC6.4.1.1) is present, and alpha-ketoglutarate is formed via the tricarboxylic acids. Glutamate, but not succinyl-CoA, arises... | [
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PMID:18277 | A case of homosexuality treated by in vivo desensitization and assertive training. | Sexual deviation is not a unitary condition, amenable to a single treatment approach. Deviant sexual arousal has been overemphasized while inadequate attention has been given to associated behavioural problems such as deficient heterosexual arousal, deficient heterosexual skills and gender role deviation. A client with... | A case of homosexuality treated by in vivo desensitization and assertive training. Sexual deviation is not a unitary condition, amenable to a single treatment approach. Deviant sexual arousal has been overemphasized while inadequate attention has been given to associated behavioural problems such as deficient heterosex... | [
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PMID:18278 | Metabolic response to total parenteral nutrition in cancer patients. | In order to evaluate the metabolic response of nutritionally deprived cancer patients to parenteral nutrition, metabolic parameters including glucose turnover, oxidation, and Cori cycle activity were measured in eight patients before and during short-term (5 to 10 days) i.v. nutrition, with solutions containing amino a... | Metabolic response to total parenteral nutrition in cancer patients. In order to evaluate the metabolic response of nutritionally deprived cancer patients to parenteral nutrition, metabolic parameters including glucose turnover, oxidation, and Cori cycle activity were measured in eight patients before and during short-... | [
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PMID:18280 | A radioimmunoassay for 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil with reference to cross-reactivity of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine with an antibody. | Antibodies directed against 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil have been produced in rabbits by immunization with a conjugate of 1-(5-O-succinyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil with human serum albumin. Two of four antibodies so obtained showed high specificity for 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil and allowed the developmen... | A radioimmunoassay for 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil with reference to cross-reactivity of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine with an antibody. Antibodies directed against 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil have been produced in rabbits by immunization with a conjugate of 1-(5-O-succinyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil wi... | [
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PMID:18281 | Formation of methylhydrazine from acetaldehyde N-methyl-N-formylhydrazone, a component of Gyromitra esculenta. | Gyromitrin, acetaldehyde N-methyl-N-formylhydrazone, is a toxin present in edible wild mushroom Gyromitra esculenta. At 37 degrees under different acidic conditions (pH 1 to 3), mimicking the milieu of human stomach, gyromitrin is converted to methylhydrazine, a known tumor inducer in mice and hamsters, through an inte... | Formation of methylhydrazine from acetaldehyde N-methyl-N-formylhydrazone, a component of Gyromitra esculenta. Gyromitrin, acetaldehyde N-methyl-N-formylhydrazone, is a toxin present in edible wild mushroom Gyromitra esculenta. At 37 degrees under different acidic conditions (pH 1 to 3), mimicking the milieu of human s... | [
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PMID:18282 | Weekly methotrexate-calcium leucovorin rescue: effect of alkalinization on nephrotoxicity; pharmacokinetics in the CNS; and use in CNS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. | Urinary alkalinization with oral sodium bicarbonate has decreased the incidence of acute nephrotoxicity and subsequent myelotoxicity in 18 adults receiving high-dose methotrexate with calcium leucovorin rescue (MTX-LCV) weekly in doses of 1-7.5 g/m2. Close monitoring of 24-hour serum creatinine and MTX levels can predi... | Weekly methotrexate-calcium leucovorin rescue: effect of alkalinization on nephrotoxicity; pharmacokinetics in the CNS; and use in CNS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Urinary alkalinization with oral sodium bicarbonate has decreased the incidence of acute nephrotoxicity and subsequent myelotoxicity in 18 adults receiving high-... | [
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PMID:18283 | Binding of alkyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranosides to beta-D-galactosidase from E. coli. | The binding of a series of alkyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranosides to beta-D-galactosidase from E. coli has been investigated. The inhibition constants were compared to the partition coefficients for the transfer of these substrate-analogues from water to 1-octanol. The relationships between the observed binding-constan... | Binding of alkyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranosides to beta-D-galactosidase from E. coli. The binding of a series of alkyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranosides to beta-D-galactosidase from E. coli has been investigated. The inhibition constants were compared to the partition coefficients for the transfer of these substrate-a... | [
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PMID:18287 | Hypersensitivity reactions in the small intestine. III. The effects of allograft rejection and of graft-versus-host disease on epithelial cell kinetics. | Allograft rejection of fetal intestine and graft-versus-host (GvH) disease have been used to study the effects of cell-mediated immune reactions on epithelial cell kinetics in mouse small intestine. In heterotopically transplanted isografts the cell production rate per crypt was similar to that in normally sited small ... | Hypersensitivity reactions in the small intestine. III. The effects of allograft rejection and of graft-versus-host disease on epithelial cell kinetics. Allograft rejection of fetal intestine and graft-versus-host (GvH) disease have been used to study the effects of cell-mediated immune reactions on epithelial cell kin... | [
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PMID:18288 | The development of membrane specializations in the receptor-bipolar-horizontal cell synapse of the chick embryo retina. A freeze-fracture study. | Retinae of chick embryos and chicks one to six weeks after hatching were examined in ultrathin sections and in freeze-etch specimens. The development of the synaptic contacts between receptor cells and bipolar cells starts at the end of the second week of incubation with the enclosure of the dendritic prolongations, in... | The development of membrane specializations in the receptor-bipolar-horizontal cell synapse of the chick embryo retina. A freeze-fracture study. Retinae of chick embryos and chicks one to six weeks after hatching were examined in ultrathin sections and in freeze-etch specimens. The development of the synaptic contacts ... | [
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PMID:18289 | Fine structure of the adhesive pads of Gonionemus vertens. | The adhesive pads of Gonionemus vertens, located near the distal end of each tentacle, consist of a layer of columnar glandulomuscular cells surrounded by a collar of microfilament containing epithelial cells. The glandulomuscular cells contain dense secretory rods, microtubules, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi elem... | Fine structure of the adhesive pads of Gonionemus vertens. The adhesive pads of Gonionemus vertens, located near the distal end of each tentacle, consist of a layer of columnar glandulomuscular cells surrounded by a collar of microfilament containing epithelial cells. The glandulomuscular cells contain dense secretory ... | [
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PMID:18291 | Adduct formation between the carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides. | The chemical carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF) was reacted with poly(dG-dC) - poly(dG-dC); poly dG - poly dC; poly(dA-dT) - poly (dA-dT); and poly dA - poly dT under a variety of conditions. Poly (dG-homo GC polymer and 10--20 more reactive the A + T polymers. Lowering the ionic strength increased the... | Adduct formation between the carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and synthetic polydeoxyribonucleotides. The chemical carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF) was reacted with poly(dG-dC) - poly(dG-dC); poly dG - poly dC; poly(dA-dT) - poly (dA-dT); and poly dA - poly dT under a variety of conditions.... | [
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PMID:18292 | Effect of gastrin on the cell kinetics of rat gastric mucosa. | The effects of gastrin on the cell kinetics of the gastric mucosa were studied in the rats. The labelling index by tritiated thymidine of the cell in the mucous neck zone began to rise 14 hours after a single dose of tetragastrin at 100 or 1,000 microgram/kg or synthetic human gastrin at 1,000 microgram/kg and reached ... | Effect of gastrin on the cell kinetics of rat gastric mucosa. The effects of gastrin on the cell kinetics of the gastric mucosa were studied in the rats. The labelling index by tritiated thymidine of the cell in the mucous neck zone began to rise 14 hours after a single dose of tetragastrin at 100 or 1,000 microgram/kg... | [
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PMID:18293 | [Growth and sporulation of Entomophthora virulenta Hall and Dunn in discontinuous liquid culture]. | Fermented cultures of Entomophthora virulenta showed an exponential phase with a specific growth rate of 0,14 h-1. The deceleration phase was 4 times longer than the exponential phase. Sexual sporulation occurred at the end of the deceleration phase. A technique of medium replacement demonstrated that any lack of nutri... | [Growth and sporulation of Entomophthora virulenta Hall and Dunn in discontinuous liquid culture]. Fermented cultures of Entomophthora virulenta showed an exponential phase with a specific growth rate of 0,14 h-1. The deceleration phase was 4 times longer than the exponential phase. Sexual sporulation occurred at the e... | [
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PMID:18294 | [Interaction of thymic cells and hemopoietic stem cells. Enhancing effect on irradiated thymus repopulation]. | In irradiated mice engrafted with hemopoietic cells, the thymus is repopulated more rapidly by bone marrow-derived than by spleen-derived cells. Admixing thymic cells with the restorative suspension stimulates the thymic repopulation by spleen-derived cells whereas it has no effect on the repopulation by bone marrow-de... | [Interaction of thymic cells and hemopoietic stem cells. Enhancing effect on irradiated thymus repopulation]. In irradiated mice engrafted with hemopoietic cells, the thymus is repopulated more rapidly by bone marrow-derived than by spleen-derived cells. Admixing thymic cells with the restorative suspension stimulates ... | [
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PMID:18295 | Clinical importance of lipase determination by the turbidimetric procedure as compared with determination by a chromatrographic procedure. | The turbidimetric determination of serum lipase activity was compared with the chromatographic determination in three groups of patients, including patients affected by hepatic diseases, patients affected by pancreatic diseases and a control group. The two methods were also compared in the determination of lipase activ... | Clinical importance of lipase determination by the turbidimetric procedure as compared with determination by a chromatrographic procedure. The turbidimetric determination of serum lipase activity was compared with the chromatographic determination in three groups of patients, including patients affected by hepatic dise... | [
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PMID:18296 | [Amino acid-p-nitroanilide-splitting activities in human serum (author's transl)]. | Proteolytic, arylamidase-like activities of human serum are determined by using a sensitive micromethod, based upon the Bratton-Marshall-reaction, and amino acid-p-nitroanilides as substrates. Besides the alanine-aminopeptidase and the oxytocinase, the dipeptide-aminopeptidase II, a neutral peptidase, and 6 other pepti... | [Amino acid-p-nitroanilide-splitting activities in human serum (author's transl)]. Proteolytic, arylamidase-like activities of human serum are determined by using a sensitive micromethod, based upon the Bratton-Marshall-reaction, and amino acid-p-nitroanilides as substrates. Besides the alanine-aminopeptidase and the o... | [
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PMID:18297 | A new variant of glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency: GPI-Kortrijk. | A new case of glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency in a Belgian family is described. The activity of the enzyme was decreased to about 25-30% of the normal value. Characterization of the defect enzyme showed a decreased thermostability. Heating of the enzyme at 45 degrees C showed a loss of activity of 50% after 90 mi... | A new variant of glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency: GPI-Kortrijk. A new case of glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency in a Belgian family is described. The activity of the enzyme was decreased to about 25-30% of the normal value. Characterization of the defect enzyme showed a decreased thermostability. Heating of t... | [
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PMID:18298 | Purification and properties of urinary alkaline ribonucleases from patients with nephrotic syndrome. | Four urinary alkaline ribonucleases (RNase, EC 3.1.4.22) were purified from patients with nephrotic syndrome using phosphocellulose, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 chromatographiy. These enzymes were designated as RNases 1--4, respectively, in order of elution on phosphocellulose chromatography. The respective purifi... | Purification and properties of urinary alkaline ribonucleases from patients with nephrotic syndrome. Four urinary alkaline ribonucleases (RNase, EC 3.1.4.22) were purified from patients with nephrotic syndrome using phosphocellulose, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 chromatographiy. These enzymes were designated as RNa... | [
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PMID:18299 | Properties of the thyroxine (T4) monodeiodinating system in rat liver homogenate. | The monodeiodination of T4 in rat liver homogenate was studied. The two possible products of this reaction show very different properties. The metabolically very active T3 is rather stable in this system whereas the biological inactive reverse T3 (rT3) disappears very rapidly. This explains the low apparent rT3 product... | Properties of the thyroxine (T4) monodeiodinating system in rat liver homogenate. The monodeiodination of T4 in rat liver homogenate was studied. The two possible products of this reaction show very different properties. The metabolically very active T3 is rather stable in this system whereas the biological inactive re... | [
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PMID:18300 | Conversion of T4 to T3 and rT3 and their cytoplasmic binding: pH dependency. | The fate of T4 in target organs is conversion to T3 which is mainly responsible for the nuclear action of thyroid hormones. To further investigate this converting step the increase of T3 and its analogue rT3 in rat liver microsomes was measured by specific radioimmunoassays after adding T4 to the incubation medium. Max... | Conversion of T4 to T3 and rT3 and their cytoplasmic binding: pH dependency. The fate of T4 in target organs is conversion to T3 which is mainly responsible for the nuclear action of thyroid hormones. To further investigate this converting step the increase of T3 and its analogue rT3 in rat liver microsomes was measure... | [
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PMID:18301 | PZ-peptidase activity in human uterine cervix in pregnancy at term. | PZ-peptidase (EC 3.4.--) was detected in human uterine cervix distributed in the soluble fraction after 100 000 x g centrifugation. Optimum pH for PZ-peptidase was observed to be pH 7.2--7.4, except for two of the preparations examined. PZ-peptidase activity was found to significantly increase in pregnancy at term as c... | PZ-peptidase activity in human uterine cervix in pregnancy at term. PZ-peptidase (EC 3.4.--) was detected in human uterine cervix distributed in the soluble fraction after 100 000 x g centrifugation. Optimum pH for PZ-peptidase was observed to be pH 7.2--7.4, except for two of the preparations examined. PZ-peptidase ac... | [
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PMID:18303 | Diagnosis of Pompe's disease in cultured skin fibroblasts and primary amniotic fluid cells using 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate. | The possible interference of neutral alpha-D-glucosidase in the diagnosis of Pompe's disease using 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate for the assay of acid alpha-D-glucosidase was investigated. The pH profile of alpha-D-glucosidase in control skin fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells showed two p... | Diagnosis of Pompe's disease in cultured skin fibroblasts and primary amniotic fluid cells using 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate. The possible interference of neutral alpha-D-glucosidase in the diagnosis of Pompe's disease using 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate for the... | [
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PMID:18304 | A new method for peptidase activity measurement in serum and tissues, using L-Leu-L-Leu as substrate. | Peptidase-free L-amino-acid oxidase was purified from venom of Agkistrodon caliginosus and was used for the determination of serum peptidase (EC 3.4.1.-) activity with L-Leu-L-Leu as substrate. The peptidase activity in human serum rose remarkably in liver diseases, and had a significant correlation with serum transami... | A new method for peptidase activity measurement in serum and tissues, using L-Leu-L-Leu as substrate. Peptidase-free L-amino-acid oxidase was purified from venom of Agkistrodon caliginosus and was used for the determination of serum peptidase (EC 3.4.1.-) activity with L-Leu-L-Leu as substrate. The peptidase activity i... | [
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0... |
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