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Bloom (test) Summary Bloom_(test) The higher a Bloom value, the higher the melting and gelling points of a gel, and the shorter its gelling times. This method is most often used on soft gels. |
History of subatomic physics Quarks, leptons, and four fundamental forces History_of_subatomic_physics > Physics goes to high energies > Quarks, leptons, and four fundamental forces Because the quantum field theory (see above) postulates no difference between particles and interactions, classification of elementary par... |
Off-the-Record Messaging Implementation Off-the-Record_Messaging > Implementation In addition to providing encryption and authentication — features also provided by typical public-key cryptography suites, such as PGP, GnuPG, and X.509 (S/MIME) — OTR also offers some less common features: Forward secrecy Messages are on... |
Cancer immunotherapy CTLA-4 blockade PD-1_inhibitor > Research > Immune checkpoints > CTLA-4 blockade The first checkpoint antibody approved by the FDA was ipilimumab, approved in 2011 for the treatment of melanoma. It blocks the immune checkpoint molecule CTLA-4. Clinical trials have also shown some benefits of anti-C... |
Vegetation-induced sedimentary structures Coalesced scour fills Vegetation-induced_sedimentary_structures > Hydrodynamic structures > Coalesced scour fills Large, internally complex sandstone bodies in well-drained floodplain strata, which superficially resemble small channel bodies. These discrete, locally thickened a... |
Digital self-determination Ethical and rights-based principles for AI Digital_self-determination > Current issues > Regulating for digital self-determination > Ethical and rights-based principles for AI For example, Japan's government established its "Social Principles of Human-Centric AI", which is closely linked to i... |
Hershey–Chase experiment Methods and results Hershey–Chase_experiment > Methods and results Hershey and Chase needed to be able to examine different parts of the phages they were studying separately, so they needed to distinguish the phage subsections. Viruses were known to be composed of a protein shell and DNA, so th... |
Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control Continuous time Linear-quadratic-Gaussian_control > Mathematical description of the problem and solution > Continuous time {\displaystyle {\mathbf {u} }(t)=-K(t){\hat {\mathbf {x} }}(t).} The matrix L ( t ) {\displaystyle {\mathbf {} }L(t)} is called the Kalman gain of the associated K... |
Reverse Pharmacology Summary Reverse_Pharmacology Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, the process of drug development can continue. If successful, clinical trials are developed.Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by p... |
Wilkinson Catalyst Catalytic applications Wilkinson_Catalyst > Catalytic applications In practice, terminal and disubstituted alkenes are good substrates, but more hindered alkenes are slower to hydrogenate. The hydrogenation of alkynes is troublesome to control since alkynes tend to be reduced to alkanes, via intermed... |
Internal reflection Summary Total_Internal_Reflection When waves are refracted from a medium of lower propagation speed (higher refractive index) to a medium of higher propagation speed (lower refractive index) —e.g., from water to air—the angle of refraction (between the outgoing ray and the surface normal) is greater... |
Tribocorrosion Passive metals Tribocorrosion > Passive metals While tribocorrosion phenomena may affect many materials, they are most critical for metals, especially the normally corrosion resistant so-called passive metals. The vast majority of corrosion resistant metals and alloys used in engineering (stainless steel... |
The speed of light in vacuum Upper limit on speeds Light_speed > Fundamental role in physics > Upper limit on speeds If the spatial distance between two events A and B is greater than the time interval between them multiplied by c then there are frames of reference in which A precedes B, others in which B precedes A, a... |
Power series Order of a power series Power_series > Order of a power series Let α be a multi-index for a power series f(x1, x2, …, xn). The order of the power series f is defined to be the least value r {\displaystyle r} such that there is aα ≠ 0 with r = | α | = α 1 + α 2 + ⋯ + α n {\displaystyle r=|\alpha |=\alpha _{... |
NMR relaxation T2* and magnetic field inhomogeneity Relaxation_(NMR) > T1 and T2 > T2* and magnetic field inhomogeneity In an idealized system, all nuclei in a given chemical environment, in a magnetic field, precess with the same frequency. However, in real systems, there are minor differences in chemical environment ... |
Lubrication Summary Boundary_lubrication Lubrication is the process or technique of using a lubricant to reduce friction and wear and tear in a contact between two surfaces. The study of lubrication is a discipline in the field of tribology. Lubrication mechanisms such as fluid-lubricated systems are designed so that t... |
Groupthink Overview Groupthink > Overview Groupthink can often be referred to as a group of “yes men” because group activities and group projects in general make it extremely easy to pass on not offering constructive opinions. Some methods that have been used to counteract group think in the past is selecting teams fro... |
Yang–Mills instanton Results Yang-Mills_instanton > Quantum mechanics > Results Note that a naïve perturbation theory around one of those two vacua alone (of the Minkowskian description) would never show this non-perturbative tunneling effect, dramatically changing the picture of the vacuum structure of this quantum me... |
Environmental impacts of deicing salt Deicing chemicals Environmental_impacts_of_deicing_salt > Deicing chemicals All chemical deicers share a common working mechanism: they chemically prevent water molecules from binding above a certain temperature that depends on the concentration. This temperature is below 0 °C, the... |
Cartographic generalization Displace Cartographic_generalization > Operators > Displace Also called conflict resolution Displacement can be employed when two objects are so close to each other that they would overlap at smaller scales, especially when an exaggerate operator has made the two objects larger than they rea... |
Optical bandpass filter Neutral density Optical_bandpass_filter > Neutral density A practical example is making a waterfall look blurry when it is photographed in bright light. Alternatively, the photographer might want to use a larger aperture (so as to limit the depth of field); adding an ND filter permits this. ND f... |
Burnishing (metal) In manufacturing (intentionally) Burnishing_(metal) > In manufacturing (intentionally) In some instances of the latter case (and always in ballizing), it rubs, in the former it generally rotates and rolls. The workpiece may be at ambient temperature, or heated to reduce the forces and wear on the too... |
Euclidean triangle Squares Scalene_triangle > Figures inscribed in a triangle > Squares Every acute triangle has three inscribed squares (squares in its interior such that all four of a square's vertices lie on a side of the triangle, so two of them lie on the same side and hence one side of the square coincides with p... |
Causal closure Ignoring phenomena Causal_closure > Criticism > Ignoring phenomena In Aristotelian terms, a neurological account explains the efficient cause, while the purpose-based account explains the final cause.The physical causal closure thesis challenges this account. It attempts to reduce all teleological final ... |
Retrosplenial region Anatomy Retrosplenial_cortex > Anatomy There is large variation in the region's size across different species. In humans it comprises roughly 0.3% of the entire cortical surface whereas in rabbits it is at least 10% and in rats it extends for more than half the cerebrum dorso-ventrally, making it o... |
Trace metal Summary Trace_metal Things such as vitamins, sports drinks, fresh fruits and vegetables are sources. Taken in excessive amounts, trace elements can cause problems. For example, fluorine is required for the formation of bones and enamel on teeth. However, when taken in an excessive amount can cause a disease... |
Pythagoras On Greek philosophy Pythagoras > Later influence in antiquity > On Greek philosophy The later first-century Neopythagorean philosopher Moderatus of Gades expanded on Pythagorean number philosophy and probably understood the soul as a "kind of mathematical harmony." The Neopythagorean mathematician and musico... |
Recurrent neural networks Global optimization methods Recurrent_neural_network > Training > Global optimization methods Training the weights in a neural network can be modeled as a non-linear global optimization problem. A target function can be formed to evaluate the fitness or error of a particular weight vector as f... |
Android rooting Summary Android_rooting On some devices, rooting can also facilitate the complete removal and replacement of the device's operating system, usually with a more recent release of its current operating system. Root access is sometimes compared to jailbreaking devices running the Apple iOS operating system... |
Learning In animal evolution Learning > In animal evolution An example of this is when a horse is born and can immediately walk. The horse has not learned this behavior; it simply knows how to do it. In some scenarios, innate knowledge is more beneficial than learned knowledge. However, in other scenarios the opposite ... |
Preprophase band Summary Preprophase_band Instead, the microtubules of the mitotic spindle aggregate on the nuclear surface and are reoriented to form the spindle at the end of prophase. The preprophase band also functions in properly orienting the mitotic spindle, and contributes to efficient spindle formation during ... |
Biofilter Control of air pollution Biofilter > Control of air pollution When applied to air filtration and purification, biofilters use microorganisms to remove air pollution. The air flows through a packed bed and the pollutant transfers into a thin biofilm on the surface of the packing material. Microorganisms, inclu... |
Software Testing Summary Alpha_testing These oracles may include (but are not limited to) specifications, contracts, comparable products, past versions of the same product, inferences about intended or expected purpose, user or customer expectations, relevant standards, applicable laws, or other criteria. A primary pur... |
Formation constant Classification of metal ions Macrocyclic_effect > Factors affecting the stability constants of complexes > Classification of metal ions In general terms hard–hard interactions are predominantly electrostatic in nature whereas soft–soft interactions are predominantly covalent in nature. The HSAB theor... |
Eigensystem realization algorithm Summary Eigensystem_realization_algorithm The Eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) is a system identification technique popular in civil engineering, in particular in structural health monitoring. ERA can be used as a modal analysis technique and generates a system realization using... |
Launching gantry Operation and design Launching_gantry > Operation and design : 39–40 Once the bridge span between adjacent piers is completed, the winches on the trolleys are used to lift the gantry girders and "launch" them ahead to the next span. The process of lifting and placing bridge segments (or girders) follow... |
Low-pass equivalent Baseband signal Base_band > Various uses > Baseband signal A baseband signal or lowpass signal is a signal that can include frequencies that are very near zero, by comparison with its highest frequency (for example, a sound waveform can be considered as a baseband signal, whereas a radio signal or a... |
Bluetooth stack Summary Bluetooth_stack A Bluetooth stack is software that is an implementation of the Bluetooth protocol stack. Bluetooth stacks can be roughly divided into two distinct categories: General-purpose implementations that are written with emphasis on feature-richness and flexibility, usually for desktop c... |
Walsh diagram Reactivity Walsh_diagram > Reactivity It can be seen that the HOMO, 1e’, of planar AH3 is destabilized upon bending of the A-H bonds to form a pyramid shape, due to disruption of bonding. The LUMO, which is concentrated on one atomic center, is a good electron acceptor and explains the Lewis acid characte... |
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance Summary Distortionless_enhancement_by_polarization_transfer Carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance (most commonly known as carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy or 13C NMR spectroscopy or sometimes simply referred to as carbon NMR) is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spe... |
Radio-controlled aerobatics Inside loops Radio-controlled_aerobatics > Inside loops Due to its simplicity, the inside loop is among the first aerobatic maneuvers a pilot learns. It is named after a 360 degree circle with the pilot on the inside of the loop. Simply applying power while pulling back on the elevator stick... |
Artificial lifeform History Artificial_lifeform > History 1910: First identifiable use of the term synthetic biology in Stéphane Leduc's publication Théorie physico-chimique de la vie et générations spontanées. He also noted this term in another publication, La Biologie Synthétique in 1912.1944: Canadian-American scien... |
Mathematical crystallography Theory Mathematical_crystallography > Theory Diffraction patterns arise from the constructive interference of incident radiation (x-rays, electrons, neutrons), scattered by the periodic, repeating features of the sample. Because of their highly ordered and repetitive atomic structure (Brava... |
Thomas Bradwardine Science Thomas_Bradwardine > Science Bradwardine's identification of this error was described by Ernest Moody as a "radical shift from Aristotelian dynamics to modern dynamics, initiated in the early fourteenth century." Aristotle's calculation of average speed was criticized by Bradwardine for not e... |
Glomerular nephritis Nephrotic syndrome Glomerular_nephritis > Signs and symptoms > Nephrotic syndrome The nephrotic syndrome is characterised by the finding of edema in a person with increased protein in the urine and decreased protein in the blood, with increased fat in the blood. Inflammation that affects the cells ... |
Arden's rule Application Arden's_lemma > Application Arden's rule can be used to help convert some finite automatons to regular expressions, as in Kleene's algorithm. |
Remdesivir Summary Remdesivir Remdesivir, sold under the brand name Veklury, is a broad-spectrum antiviral medication developed by the biopharmaceutical company Gilead Sciences. It is administered via injection into a vein. During the COVID‑19 pandemic, remdesivir was approved or authorized for emergency use to treat C... |
Cosmetic dentistry Bridging Cosmetic_dentistry > Common cosmetic dentistry options > Types > Bridging Dental bridges are used to replace one or more missing teeth. Teeth on both sides of the space left by the missing teeth are prepared. A bridge is made up of abutments, the teeth that are prepped, and the missing, fals... |
Cognitive Tutor Summary Cognitive_Tutor A cognitive tutor is a particular kind of intelligent tutoring system that utilizes a cognitive model to provide feedback to students as they are working through problems. This feedback will immediately inform students of the correctness, or incorrectness, of their actions in the... |
Multidimensional discrete convolution Separable signals Multidimensional_discrete_convolution > Row-column decomposition with separable signals > Separable signals . , n M ) = δ ( n 1 ) δ ( n 2 ) . . |
Borel summation Summary Borel_summability In mathematics, Borel summation is a summation method for divergent series, introduced by Émile Borel (1899). It is particularly useful for summing divergent asymptotic series, and in some sense gives the best possible sum for such series. There are several variations of this m... |
Thermal Energy Storage Molecular bonds Thermal_storage > Categories > Thermo-chemical heat storage > Molecular bonds It is designed by taking an indication from, well known, natural photosynthesis. The DSPEC generates hydrogen fuel by making use of the acquired solar energy to split water molecules into its elements. A... |
Symbol grounding Functionalism Symbol_grounding > Functionalism How would we know that we have a proper computer algorithm? It would have to be able to pass the Turing test. That means it would have to be capable of corresponding with any human being as a pen-pal, for a lifetime, without ever being in any way distingui... |
Function and Concept Overview Function_and_Concept > Overview In general, a concept is a function whose value is always a truth value (139). A relation is a two place function whose value is always a truth value (146). Frege draws an important distinction between concepts on the basis of their level. |
Lazy deletion Summary Lazy_deletion In computer science, lazy deletion refers to a method of deleting elements from a hash table that uses open addressing. In this method, deletions are done by marking an element as deleted, rather than erasing it entirely. Deleted locations are treated as empty when inserting and as o... |
CAD kernel Summary CAD_kernel Granite is developed by Parametric Technology Corporation. C3D Modeler is developed by C3D Labs, part of the ASCON Group. CGAL is an opensource Computational Geometry Algorithms Library which has support for boolean operations on Polyhedra; but no sweep, revolve or NURBS. |
Phosphinidene Stable monomeric phosphino-phosphinidene Phosphinidene > Stable monomeric phosphino-phosphinidene The air/water sensitivity and high solubility of this compound prevented characterization by X-ray crystallography. Density functional theory and Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations were used to gain insi... |
Francium Summary Francium The electronic structure of a francium atom is 7s1; thus, the element is classed as an alkali metal. Bulk francium has never been seen. Because of the general appearance of the other elements in its periodic table column, it is presumed that francium would appear as a highly reactive metal if... |
Binary decision Summary Binary_decision A binary decision is a choice between two alternatives, for instance between taking some specific action or not taking it.Binary decisions are basic to many fields. Examples include: Truth values in mathematical logic, and the corresponding Boolean data type in computer science, ... |
Cygnus X-1 Compact object Cygnus_X-1 > Binary system > Compact object As self-luminous clumps of matter spiral into a black hole, their radiation is emitted in a series of pulses that are subject to gravitational redshift as the material approaches the horizon. That is, the wavelengths of the radiation steadily increas... |
Photon rocket Maximum speed limit Photon_rocket > Maximum speed limit Standard theory says that the theoretical speed limit of a photon rocket is below the speed of light. Haug has recently suggested a maximum speed limit for an ideal photon rocket that is just below the speed of light. However, his claims have been co... |
Periodic boundary conditions Summary Periodic_boundary_condition A common application uses PBC to simulate solvated macromolecules in a bath of explicit solvent. Born–von Karman boundary conditions are periodic boundary conditions for a special system. In electromagnetics, PBC can be applied for different mesh types to... |
Asteroid laser ablation In operation Asteroid_laser_ablation > In operation As the material becomes a gas it is pushed away from the asteroid and by Newton's third law, it also pushes back on the asteroid with an equal force, called a thrust. Newton's second law states that force is equal to mass times acceleration, or... |
Pythagorean equation Rearrangement proofs Pythagoras's_theorem > Proofs using constructed squares > Rearrangement proofs With the area of the four triangles removed from both side of the equation what remains is a 2 + b 2 = c 2 . {\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}.} In another proof rectangles in the second box can also ... |
Loop representation in gauge theories and quantum gravity Summary Loop_representation_in_gauge_theories_and_quantum_gravity Attempts have been made to describe gauge theories in terms of extended objects such as Wilson loops and holonomies. The loop representation is a quantum hamiltonian representation of gauge theori... |
Mushroom cloud Radioisotopes Mushroom_cloud > Nuclear mushroom clouds > Radioisotopes Considerable amounts of neptunium-239 and uranium-237 are indicators of a fission-fusion-fission explosion. Minor amounts of uranium-240 are also formed, and capture of large numbers of neutrons by individual nuclei leads to formation... |
Motivic Galois group Explanation for non-specialists Mixed_motive_(math) > Explanation for non-specialists Another way to handle the question is to attach to a given variety X an object of more linear nature, i.e. an object amenable to the techniques of linear algebra, for example a vector space. This "linearization" g... |
Units of selection Summary Levels_of_selection A unit of selection is a biological entity within the hierarchy of biological organization (for example, an entity such as: a self-replicating molecule, a gene, a cell, an organism, a group, or a species) that is subject to natural selection. There is debate among evolutio... |
Transcription coupled repair Decline in NER with aging Transcription-coupled_nucleotide_excision_repair > Aging > Decline in NER with aging As reviewed by Gorbunova et al., studies of NER in different cells and tissues from young and old individuals frequently have shown a decrease in NER capacity with increasing age. ... |
Generalized eigenvectors Overview and definition Jordan_chain > Overview and definition The matrix M {\displaystyle M} in this case is called a generalized modal matrix for A {\displaystyle A} . If λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is an eigenvalue of algebraic multiplicity μ {\displaystyle \mu } , then A {\displaystyle A} wi... |
Data Structure Language support Data_Structure > Language support Some provide opaque data types that allow clients to hide implementation details. Object-oriented programming languages, such as C++, Java, and Smalltalk, typically use classes for this purpose. Many known data structures have concurrent versions which a... |
Electrolytic capacitor Lifetime Electrolytic_capacitors > Operational characteristics > Lifetime The lower these parameters compared to their maximum values, the longer the capacitor's “life”. The “end of life” point is defined by the appearance of wear-out failures or degradation failures when either capacitance, impe... |
Cognitive Biology University workgroup Cognitive_Biology > Academic usage > University workgroup The University of Adelaide has established a "Cognitive Biology" workgroup using this operating concept: Cognition is, first and foremost, a natural biological phenomenon — regardless of how the engineering of artificial in... |
Path integrals in polymer science Many-polymer systems Path_integrals_in_polymer_science > Many-polymer systems In the limit of very large concentrations, imagined by an almost completely filled lattice, the density fluctuations become less and less important. To begin with, let us generalize the path integral formulat... |
Byzantine technology Science and Daily Life Byzantine_technology > Science and Daily Life The result was partly successful as the surviving twin lived three days before dying. The fact that the second person survived for few days after separating him was still being mentioned a century and a half later by historians. T... |
Kernel density estimation Example Kernel_density_estimation > Example For the kernel density estimate, normal kernels with variance 2.25 (indicated by the red dashed lines) are placed on each of the data points xi. The kernels are summed to make the kernel density estimate (solid blue curve). The smoothness of the kern... |
Robust Regression and Outlier Detection Background Robust_Regression_and_Outlier_Detection > Background The breakdown point of a robust regression method is the fraction of outlying data that it can tolerate while remaining accurate. For this style of analysis, higher breakdown points are better. The breakdown point fo... |
Billiard table Dimensions Billiards_table > Snooker and English billiards tables > Dimensions The playing area of a tournament snooker table, as standardized by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) and the amateur International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF), measures 11 feet 8.5 in... |
Canadian Bioinformatics Workshops 2007-Present Canadian_Bioinformatics_Workshops > 2007-Present The Canadian Bioinformatics Workshops began offering the 2-day advanced topic workshops in 2008. All workshop material is licensed under a Creative Commons-Share Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Bioinformatics.ca we... |
Infectious causes of cancer H. pylori, a common oncogenic bacterium Infectious_causes_of_cancer > Bacteria > H. pylori, a common oncogenic bacterium The increase in 8-OHdG likely increases mutation. In addition, oxidative stress, with high levels of 8-OHdG in DNA, also affects genome stability by altering chromatin sta... |
Glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol Summary Glycopyrronium_bromide/formoterol Glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol, sold under the brand name Bevespi Aerosphere, is a combination medication for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is a combination of glycopyrronium bromide and formot... |
Steven A. Benner Artificial genetic systems Steven_A._Benner > Research > Artificial genetic systems Efforts toward the goal of artificial genetic systems were first reported by Benner and coworkers in 1989, when they developed the first unnatural base pair. Benner and his colleagues have since developed a six-letter a... |
Wallerian degeneration Clearance in CNS Wallerian_degeneration > Myelin clearance > Clearance in CNS Therefore, CNS rates of myelin sheath clearance are very slow and could possibly be the cause for hindrance in the regeneration capabilities of the CNS axons as no growth factors are available to attract the proximal ax... |
Gradient-index lens History Gradient_index_lens > History This also limited the applications of the lens because it was difficult to use it to focus visible light; however, it had some usefulness in microwave applications. Some years later several new techniques have been developed to fabricate lenses of the Wood type.... |
Triboelectric charging Friction and adhesion from tribocharging Contact_electrification > Examples > Friction and adhesion from tribocharging Similar to rolling friction there are energy terms in charge transfer, which contribute to friction. In static friction there is coupling between elastic strains, polarization an... |
Validation set Validation data set Validation_set > Validation data set The basic process of using a validation data set for model selection (as part of training data set, validation data set, and test data set) is: Since our goal is to find the network having the best performance on new data, the simplest approach to ... |
Mellin transform Relationship to other transforms Mellin_transform > Relationship to other transforms {\displaystyle \left\{{\mathcal {M}}f\right\}(s)=\left\{{\mathcal {B}}f(e^{-x})\right\}(s)=\left\{{\mathcal {F}}f(e^{-x})\right\}(-is)\ .} The Mellin transform also connects the Newton series or binomial transform toge... |
Track bike Gear ratio Track_bike > Gear ratio Without a good jump, the rider risks opponents accelerating away; without good sustained speed, the rider will be unable to keep up with a fast race. Track sprinters make a compromise by using particular gear ratios that allows them to reach race speeds at a relatively high... |
Pure apocrine carcinoma of the breast Histopathology Pure_apocrine_carcinoma_of_the_breast > Pathology > Histopathology The tumor cells have low to moderate rates of proliferation based on their Ki-67 protein levels. PACB tissues may have localized areas that contain mucin-like secretions within their luminal ducts, lo... |
Tetralogy of Fallot Comorbidities Tetralogy_of_Fallot > Comorbidities In patients with pulmonary atresia, there is complete failure of forward flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arterial vasculature. As such, pulmonary blood flow is entirely dependent on shunting from the systemic circulation, typically thr... |
Functional verification Types Functional_verification > Types Generators create inputs at a high level of abstraction, namely, as transactions or assembly language. The drivers convert this input into actual design inputs as defined in the specification of the design's interface. The simulator produces the outputs of t... |
Magnetofection Summary Magnetofection Magnetofection is a transfection method that uses magnetic fields to concentrate particles containing vectors to target cells in the body. Magnetofection has been adapted to a variety of vectors, including nucleic acids, non-viral transfection systems, and viruses. This method offe... |
Chemical Synthesis Summary Chemical_syntheses A chemical synthesis involves one or more compounds (known as reagents or reactants) that will experience a transformation when subjected to certain conditions. Various reaction types can be applied to formulate a desired product. This requires mixing the compounds in a rea... |
Axiom of Regularity Summary Axiom_of_Regularity In mathematics, the axiom of regularity (also known as the axiom of foundation) is an axiom of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory that states that every non-empty set A contains an element that is disjoint from A. In first-order logic, the axiom reads: ∀ x ( x ≠ ∅ → ∃ y ( y ∈ x ... |
Endobronchial valve Summary Endobronchial_valve An endobronchial valve (EBV), is a small, one-way valve, which may be implanted in an airway feeding the lung or part of lung. The valve allows air to be breathed out of the section of lung supplied, and prevents air from being breathed in. This leaves the rest of the lun... |
Empirical modelling Empirical Modelling as a variety of empirical modelling Empirical_model > Empirical Modelling > Empirical Modelling as a variety of empirical modelling Empirical modelling is a generic term for activities that create models by observation and experiment. Empirical Modelling (with the initial letters... |
Address bus Memory bus Bus_(computing) > Memory bus The memory bus is the bus which connects the main memory to the memory controller in computer systems. Originally, general-purpose buses like VMEbus and the S-100 bus were used, but to reduce latency, modern memory buses are designed to connect directly to DRAM chips,... |
Bohrium Chemical Bohrium > Predicted properties > Chemical The oxide should dissolve in water to form perbohric acid, HBhO4. Rhenium and technetium form a range of oxyhalides from the halogenation of the oxide. The chlorination of the oxide forms the oxychlorides MO3Cl, so BhO3Cl should be formed in this reaction. |
Kernel memory Memory management Operating_system_kernel > Memory management This allows every program to behave as if it is the only one (apart from the kernel) running and thus prevents applications from crashing each other.On many systems, a program's virtual address may refer to data which is not currently in memory... |
Microbial genetics Archaea Microbial_genetics > Microorganisms whose study is encompassed by microbial genetics > Archaea Archaea is a domain of organisms that are prokaryotic, single-celled, and are thought to have developed 4 billion years ago. "They have no cell nucleus or any other organelles inside their cells. "A... |
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