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Poly(amidoamine) Drug delivery Poly(amidoamine) > Applications > Drug delivery One quite notable example is the ability for PAMAM dendrimers to remove prion protein aggregates, the deadly protein aggregates responsible for bovine spongiform encephalopathy ("mad cow disease") and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans. The... |
Spectroradiometer Sources of error Spectroradiometer > Sources of error The quality of a given spectroradiometric system is a function of its electronics, optical components, software, power supply, and calibration. Under ideal laboratory conditions and with highly trained experts, it is possible to achieve small (a fe... |
Protocell Selectivity for compartmentalization Protocell > Selectivity for compartmentalization Such isolation is ordinarily accomplished by membranes, amphiphilic bilayers of a thickness of around 10−8 meters. Researchers including Irene A. Chen and Jack W. Szostak have demonstrated that simple physicochemical propert... |
Statistical entropy Boltzmann's principle Entropy_(statistical_views) > Boltzmann's principle Boltzmann's entropy describes the system when all the accessible microstates are equally likely. It is the configuration corresponding to the maximum of entropy at equilibrium. The randomness or disorder is maximal, and so is ... |
Sulfur compounds Electron transfer reactions Sulfur_compounds > Electron transfer reactions Sulfur polycations, S82+, S42+ and S162+ are produced when sulfur is reacted with oxidising agents in a strongly acidic solution. The colored solutions produced by dissolving sulfur in oleum were first reported as early as 1804 ... |
Serotonin and aging Cardiovascular growth factor Serotonin > Biological role > Outside the nervous system > Cardiovascular growth factor Serotonin, in addition, evokes endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and stimulates, through a 5-HT1B receptor-mediated mechanism, the phosphorylation of p44/p42 mitogen-activa... |
Kepler orbits Simplified two body problem Kepler_orbit > Development of the laws > Simplified two body problem But the gravitational forces produced by these irregularities are generally small compared to the gravity of the central body. The difference between an irregular shape and a perfect sphere also diminishes wit... |
Paradoxical embolism Summary Paradoxical_embolism An embolus, is described as a free-floating mass, located inside blood vessels that can travel from one site in the blood stream to another. An embolus can be made up of solid (like a blood clot), liquid (like amniotic fluid), or gas (like air). Once these masses get "s... |
Adiabatic engine Carnot cycle Carnot_heat_engine > Carnot cycle The gas continues to expand, doing work on the surroundings, and losing an equivalent amount of internal energy. The gas expansion causes it to cool to the "cold" temperature, TC. The entropy remains unchanged. |
Custodial symmetry Motivation Custodial_symmetry > Motivation In the Standard Model of particle physics, the custodial symmetry is a residual global SU(2) symmetry of the Higgs potential V S M = − μ ( H † H ) − λ ( H † H ) 2 {\displaystyle V_{SM}=-\mu (H^{\dagger }H)-\lambda (H^{\dagger }H)^{2}} beyond the basic SU(2)×... |
Engineering drawings Relationship to model-based definition (MBD/DPD) Engineering_drawings > Relationship to model-based definition (MBD/DPD) For centuries, engineering drawing was the sole method of transferring information from design into manufacture. In recent decades another method has arisen, called model-based d... |
Bayes prior Prior probability in statistical mechanics Bayesian_prior > Prior probability in statistical mechanics The a priori probability has an important application in statistical mechanics. The classical version is defined as the ratio of the number of elementary events (e.g. the number of times a die is thrown) t... |
Artificial kidney Kidney failure Artificial_kidney > Medical uses > Kidney failure These organs routinely filter about 100 to 140 liters of blood a day to produce 1 to 2 liters of urine, composed of wastes and excess fluid.Kidney failure results in the slow accumulation of nitrogenous wastes, salts, water, and disrupti... |
Slip bands Summary Slip_bands_in_metals Slip bands or stretcher-strain marks are localized bands of plastic deformation in metals experiencing stresses. Formation of slip bands indicates a concentrated unidirectional slip on certain planes causing a stress concentration. Typically, slip bands induce surface steps (e.g.... |
Wait list control group Summary Wait_list_control_group A wait list control group, also called a wait list comparison, is a group of participants included in an outcome study that is assigned to a waiting list and receives intervention after the active treatment group. This control group serves as an untreated comparis... |
Geology applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Summary Geology_applications_of_Fourier_transform_infrared_spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a spectroscopic technique that has been used for analyzing the fundamental molecular structure of geological samples in recent decades... |
Aperiodic order and disorder Summary Icosahedral_Phase The more precise mathematical definition is that there is never translational symmetry in more than n – 1 linearly independent directions, where n is the dimension of the space filled, e.g., the three-dimensional tiling displayed in a quasicrystal may have translat... |
Glossary of artificial intelligence S Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence > S These four concepts are related to each other in a manner exactly analogous to Aristotle's square of opposition. search algorithm Any algorithm which solves the search problem, namely, to retrieve information stored within some data structure... |
Lattice problems Hardness results Shortest_vector_problem > Shortest vector problem (SVP) > Hardness results The exact version of the problem is only known to be NP-hard for randomized reductions.By contrast, the corresponding problem with respect to the uniform norm is known to be NP-hard. |
Kachurovskii's theorem Statement of the theorem Kachurovskii's_theorem > Statement of the theorem Let K be a convex subset of a Banach space V and let f: K → R ∪ {+∞} be an extended real-valued function that is Fréchet differentiable with derivative df(x): V → R at each point x in K. (In fact, df(x) is an element of th... |
Glycogen Summary Glycogen Liver glycogen stores serve as a store of glucose for use throughout the body, particularly the central nervous system. The human brain consumes approximately 60% of blood glucose in fasted, sedentary individuals.Glycogen is an analogue of starch, a glucose polymer that functions as energy sto... |
GenePattern Functionality GenePattern > Functionality GenePattern is a powerful scientific workflow system that provides access to hundreds of genomic analysis tools. Use these analysis tools as building blocks to design sophisticated analysis pipelines that capture the methods, parameters, and data used to produce ana... |
Nested function Purpose Nested_function_definition > Purpose As nested function can access local variables of the enclosing function, sharing of state is possible without passing parameters to the nested function or use a global variable, simplifying code. In languages with nested functions, functions may normally also... |
S transform Comparison with the short-time Fourier transform S_transform > Comparison with other time–frequency analysis tools > Comparison with the short-time Fourier transform We can compare the S transform and short-time Fourier transform (STFT). First, a high frequency signal, a low frequency signal, and a high fre... |
Dimensionally Extended 9-Intersection Model Interpretation DE-9IM > Spatial predicates > Interpretation This issue is caused by the final clause of the Contains definition above: "at least one point of the interior of B lies in the interior of A". For this case, the predicate Covers has more intuitive semantics (see de... |
Hachimoji DNA Description Hachimoji_DNA > Description Natural DNA is a molecule carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carboh... |
Activation energy Negative activation energy Energy_barrier > Negative activation energy In some reactions, K1 decreases with temperature more rapidly than k2 increases, so that k actually decreases with temperature corresponding to a negative observed activation energy.An example is the oxidation of nitric oxide which... |
Optical signal processing Optical components for binary digital computer Optical_signal_processing > Optical components for binary digital computer The fundamental building block of modern electronic computers is the transistor. To replace electronic components with optical ones, an equivalent optical transistor is req... |
Einhorn–Brunner reaction Related reactions Einhorn–Brunner_reaction > Related reactions Pellizzari reaction == References == |
Lipid II Binding Lipid_II > Antibiotics > Binding The D-Ala-D-Ala terminus is used by glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin to inhibit lipid I- and lipid II-consuming peptidoglycan synthesis; in vancomycin-resistant strains vancomycin cannot bind, because a crucial hydrogen bond is lost. Oritavancin also uses the D-Ala-D-... |
Thermometric titration Thermometric titrations Thermometric_titration > Thermometric titrations In a similar manner, when the titrant is in excess past the endpoint, a linear temperature response can also be anticipated. Thus intersection of tangents will reveal the true endpoint. |
Diatomic nonmetal Allotropes Nonmetal_(chemistry) > Allotropes Oxygen is a diatomic molecule in its standard state; it also exists as ozone (O3), an unstable nonmetallic allotrope with an "indoors" half-life of around half an hour, compared to about three days in ambient air at 20 °C. Phosphorus, uniquely, exists in se... |
Nucleophilic addition Summary Nucleophilic_addition In organic chemistry, a nucleophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where a chemical compound with an electrophilic double or triple bond reacts with a nucleophile, such that the double or triple bond is broken. Nucleophilic additions differ from electrophi... |
Automatic Vehicle Location Logbook functions Automatic_Vehicle_Location > Types of systems > Logbook functions Another scenario for sensor functions is to connect the AVL to driver information, to collect data about driving time, stops, or even driver absence from the vehicle. If the driver/worker conditions is such as... |
Fish physiology Thermoregulation Fish_physiology > Thermoregulation This allows the tuna to elevate the temperatures of the highly aerobic tissues of the skeletal muscles, eyes and brain, which supports faster swimming speeds and reduced energy expenditure, and which enables them to survive in cooler waters over a wide... |
Concurrent design and manufacturing Introduction Concurrent_engineering > Introduction The fact that concurrent engineering could result in faster time-to-market is already an important advantage in terms of a competitive edge over other producers. Concurrent engineering has provided a structure and concept for product... |
Medical equipment management Risk management Medical_equipment_management > Risk management This program helps the medical treatment facility avoid the likelihood of equipment-related risks, minimize liability of mishaps and incidents, and stay compliant with regulatory reporting requirements. The best practice is to u... |
Signal level Summary Signal_level A high SNR means that the signal is clear and easy to detect or interpret, while a low SNR means that the signal is corrupted or obscured by noise and may be difficult to distinguish or recover. SNR can be improved by various methods, such as increasing the signal strength, reducing th... |
Discrete spectrum (physics) Continuous versus discrete spectra Continuous_or_discrete_spectrum > Continuous versus discrete spectra The classical example of a discrete spectrum (for which the term was first used) is the characteristic set of discrete spectral lines seen in the emission spectrum and absorption spectrum ... |
Optimality Theory Summary Optimality_Theory OT views grammars as systems that provide mappings from inputs to outputs; typically, the inputs are conceived of as underlying representations, and the outputs as their surface realizations. It is an approach within the larger framework of generative grammar. In linguistics,... |
Photoelectric sensor Sensing modes Photoelectric_sensor > Sensing modes But the target acts as the reflector so that detection of light is reflected off the disturbance object. The emitter sends out a beam of light (most often a pulsed infrared, visible red, or laser) that diffuses in all directions, filling a detectio... |
Query rate Summary Query_rate Queries per second (QPS) is a measure of the amount of search traffic an information-retrieval system, such as a search engine or a database, receives in one second. The term is used more broadly for any request–response system, where it can more correctly be called requests per second (RP... |
Wallis' integrals Evaluating the Gaussian Integral Wallis'_integrals > Evaluating the Gaussian Integral So, it follows that ∫ 0 + ∞ e − x 2 d x = π / 2 {\displaystyle \int _{0}^{+\infty }e^{-x^{2}}dx={\sqrt {\pi }}/2} . Remark: There are other methods of evaluating the Gaussian integral. Some of them are more direct. |
Probability interpretations Frequentism Interpretation_of_probability > Frequentism But the real probability should be the same every time. If we acknowledge the fact that we only can measure a probability with some error of measurement attached, we still get into problems as the error of measurement can only be expres... |
Identifiability analysis Summary Identifiability_analysis Identifiability analysis is a group of methods found in mathematical statistics that are used to determine how well the parameters of a model are estimated by the quantity and quality of experimental data. Therefore, these methods explore not only identifiabilit... |
Otto cycle Increasing power and efficiency Otto_cycle_engine > Increasing power and efficiency The difference between the exhaust and intake pressures and temperatures means that some increase in efficiency can be gained by use of a turbocharger, removing from the exhaust flow some part of the remaining energy and tran... |
Short-term memory Another explanation Long-term_memory > Stores > Models > Another explanation One proposed explanation for recency in a continual distractor condition, and its disappearance in an end-only distractor task is the influence of contextual and distinctive processes. According to this model, recency is a re... |
Artificial philosophy Proposed Ethical System Artificial_philosophy > AI and AE Ethical System > Proposed Ethical System Principle of Accountability: There should be clear lines of accountability in the development and use of AI systems. This includes accountability for the decisions made by the AI and for any harm cau... |
Conjugate prior distribution Practical example Conjugate_prior > Practical example Generally, this integral is hard to compute. However, if you choose a conjugate prior distribution p ( θ ) {\displaystyle p(\theta )} , a closed-form expression can be derived. |
G1 and G1/S cyclins- budding yeast Cln1,2 G1_and_G1/S_cyclins-_budding_yeast > Cln1,2 The rise of G1/S cyclins is accompanied by the appearance of the S cyclins (Clb5 and Clb6 in budding yeast), which form S cyclin-Cdk complexes that are directly responsible for stimulating DNA replication.Cln1 and Cln2 are involved in... |
Algebraic limit theorem Summary Limit_at_infinity In mathematics, the limit of a function is a fundamental concept in calculus and analysis concerning the behavior of that function near a particular input. Formal definitions, first devised in the early 19th century, are given below. Informally, a function f assigns an ... |
Network motif History Network_motif > History For example, in work following, the network motifs found in E. coli were discovered in the transcription networks of other bacteria as well as yeast and higher organisms. A distinct set of network motifs were identified in other types of biological networks such as neuronal... |
Industrial controllers Distributed control systems Industrial_controller > Distributed control systems Input and output modules form the peripheral components of the system. The processors receive information from input modules, process the information and decide control actions to be performed by the output modules. T... |
Complex contagion Mechanisms Complex_contagion > Mechanisms Innovators risk being shunned as deviants until there is a critical mass of early adopters, and non-adopters are likely to challenge the legitimacy of the innovation. Emotional contagion. Most theoretical models of collective behavior – from action theory to t... |
Physical oncology Micropatterning Physical_oncology > The isolated cell > Micropatterning The cellular patterning allowed to show the dependence of the cellular architecture on the tensions generated by the support, variable according to the rigidity of these supports. This made it possible to hypothesize about the tra... |
Glossary of chemistry terms B Glossary_of_chemistry_terms > B Beer–Lambert law biochemistry The study of the chemistry of biological systems and organisms. Bohr model Also Rutherford–Bohr model. A model of the general structure of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, featuring a small, dense n... |
Base One Foundation Component Library Summary Base_One_Foundation_Component_Library The Base One Foundation Component Library (BFC) is a rapid application development toolkit for building secure, fault-tolerant, database applications on Windows and ASP.NET. In conjunction with Microsoft's Visual Studio integrated devel... |
Transfection RNA transfection Transfection > RNA transfection This has become a major application in research to achieve "knock-down" of proteins of interests (e.g. Endothelin-1) with potential applications in gene therapy. Limitation of the silencing approach are the toxicity of the transfection for cells and potentia... |
Proof complexity Summary Proof_complexity Systematic study of proof complexity began with the work of Stephen Cook and Robert Reckhow (1979) who provided the basic definition of a propositional proof system from the perspective of computational complexity. Specifically Cook and Reckhow observed that proving proof size ... |
Pointe technique Movement into en pointe Pointe_technique > Technique > Movement into en pointe A dancer may transition to en pointe by any of three possible methods: relevé, sauté or piqué. In the relevé method, the dancer rises smoothly by rotating the foot downward until it reaches a fully extended, vertical orienta... |
Causal analysis Causality construed from counterfactual states Causal_analysis > In philosophy and physics > Causality construed from counterfactual states For example, one could run an experiment on identical twins who were known to consistently get the same grades on their tests. One twin is sent to study for six hou... |
History of algebra Elements History_of_algebra > Greek mathematics > Euclid of Alexandria > Elements The geometric work of the Greeks, typified in Euclid's Elements, provided the framework for generalizing formulae beyond the solution of particular problems into more general systems of stating and solving equations. Bo... |
Parallel addition (mathematics) Summary Parallel_resistance_operator The parallel operator ‖ {\displaystyle \|} (pronounced "parallel", following the parallel lines notation from geometry; also known as reduced sum, parallel sum or parallel addition) is a mathematical function which is used as a shorthand in electrical... |
Social unit Level of analysis in political science Social_unit > Level of analysis in political science Generally, power is the concept that collects all the analysis together. For example, the struggle for power may be the cause of war, but the struggle for power may originate in the individual human being's lust for ... |
Mir-241 microRNA precursor family Summary Mir-241_microRNA_precursor_family In molecular biology mir-241 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. |
High-voltage power supply DC power supplies Electronic_power_supply > Types > DC power supplies An AC-to-DC power supply operates on an AC input voltage and generates a DC output voltage. Depending on application requirements the output voltage may contain large or negligible amounts of AC frequency components known as... |
Work-energy theorem Mathematical calculation Work_energy_theorem > Mathematical calculation For moving objects, the quantity of work/time (power) is integrated along the trajectory of the point of application of the force. Thus, at any instant, the rate of the work done by a force (measured in joules/second, or watts) ... |
BASIC Atom Summary BASIC_Atom Basic Atom refers to a line of self-contained microcontrollers from Basic Micro. Like the Basic stamp, the Basic Atom line is based upon various microchips pre-programmed with an interpreter, making it easy to change "programs", as they are only "data" being interpreted. A compiler convert... |
Outline of chemistry History Outline_of_chemistry > History History of electrochemistry – history of the branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve e... |
Effector T Cell Regulatory CD4+ T cells T_lymphocytes > Types of T cell > Conventional adaptive T cells > Regulatory CD4+ T cells These two subsets were previously called "naturally occurring" and "adaptive" (or "induced"), respectively. Both subsets require the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 which can be... |
Tumour suppressor gene Epigenetic influences Tumour_suppressor_genes > Epigenetic influences This process not only has the capabilities to inhibit gene expression, it can also increase the chance of mutations. Stephen Baylin observed that if promoter regions experience a phenomenon known as hypermethylation, it could r... |
Cartesian tensor Cross product, Levi-Civita symbol, and pseudovectors Euclidean_tensor > Transformation of the dot and cross products (three dimensions only) > Cross product, Levi-Civita symbol, and pseudovectors A left-handed system would fix ε123 = −1 or equivalently ε321 = +1. The scalar triple product can now be wr... |
Three suiter Summary Three_suiter In the game of contract bridge a three suiter (or three-suited hand) denotes a hand containing at least four cards in three of the four suits. As a bridge hand contains thirteen cards, only two hand patterns can be classified as three suiters: 4-4-4-1 and 5-4-4-0. In natural bidding sy... |
List of carboxylic acids Summary List_of_carboxylic_acids Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. The naming of these compounds is governed by IUPAC nomenclature, which ensures systematic and consistent naming of chemicals. Numerous organic compounds have other common na... |
Necking (engineering) Summary Necking_(engineering) In engineering and materials science, necking is a mode of tensile deformation where relatively large amounts of strain localize disproportionately in a small region of the material. The resulting prominent decrease in local cross-sectional area provides the basis for... |
Flagellar motility Types Flagellar_motility > Types Archaeal flagella (archaella) are superficially similar to bacterial flagella in that it also has a rotary motor, but are different in many details and considered non-homologous. Eukaryotic flagella—those of animal, plant, and protist cells—are complex cellular projec... |
Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field Linear macroscopic influence of matter Mathematical_descriptions_of_the_electromagnetic_field > Differential forms approach > Current 3-form, dual current 1-form > Linear macroscopic influence of matter In a linear, macroscopic theory, the influence of matter on th... |
Hyperpersonal model Feedback processes Hyperpersonal_model > Conditions and key components > Key components > Feedback processes Walther argues that the behavioral confirmation - "reciprocal influence that partners exert" in sender-receiver roles — is magnified in minimal-cue interaction like CMC. In other words, in CM... |
Body contouring Sleeve gastrectomy Body_contouring > Types > Most common > Sleeve gastrectomy Sleeve gastrectomy, or gastric sleeve, is a surgical weight-loss procedure in which the stomach is reduced to about 15% of its original size, by the surgical removal of a large portion of the stomach, following the major curve... |
Second polar moment of area Application Second_polar_moment_of_area > Application The polar second moment of area appears in the formulae that describe torsional stress and angular displacement. Torsional stresses: where τ {\displaystyle \tau } is the torsional shear stress, T {\displaystyle T} is the applied torque, r... |
Systems art Cybernetic art Systems_art > Related fields of systems art > Cybernetic art Audio feedback and the use of Tape loops, sound synthesis and computer generated compositions reflected a cybernetic awareness of information, systems, and cycles. Such techniques became widespread in the 1960s in the music industry... |
Normalised data Satisfying EKNF Normalised_data > Example of a step-by-step normalization > Satisfying EKNF The elementary key normal form (EKNF) falls strictly between 3NF and BCNF and is not much discussed in the literature. It is intended "to capture the salient qualities of both 3NF and BCNF" while avoiding the pro... |
Fiducial probability The fiducial distribution Fiducial_probability > The fiducial distribution This distribution of ω is the fiducial distribution which may be used to form fiducial intervals that represent degrees of belief. The calculation is identical to the pivotal method for finding a confidence interval, but the... |
Equation Types of equations Mathematical_equation > Types of equations For functions of one variable, such an equation differs from a differential equation primarily through a change of variable substituting the function by its derivative, however this is not the case when the integral is taken over an open surface An ... |
List of RNA-Seq bioinformatics tools De novo splice aligners List_of_RNA-Seq_bioinformatics_tools > Alignment tools > Spliced aligners > De novo splice aligners In this case the training set is a set of spliced reads with quality information and already known alignments. RASER: reads aligner for SNPs and editing sites ... |
Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy Signs and symptoms Chronic_relapsing_inflammatory_optic_neuropathy > Signs and symptoms Pain, visual loss, relapse, and steroid response are typical of CRION. Ocular pain is typical, although there are some cases with no reported pain. Bilateral severe visual loss (simult... |
Gastric pain Diagnosis Gastric_pain > Diagnosis Using Carnett's sign to differentiate between visceral pain and pain originating in the muscles of the abdominal wall.After gathering a thorough history, one should perform a physical exam in order to identify important physical signs that might clarify the diagnosis, inc... |
Undulating number Summary Undulating_number An undulating number is a number that has the digit form ABABAB... when in the base 10 number system. It is sometimes restricted to non-trivial undulating numbers which are required to have at least three digits and A ≠ B. The first few such numbers are: 101, 121, 131, 141, 1... |
Data encryption Types Cryptographic_algorithm > Encryption in cryptography > Types However, only the receiving party has access to the decryption key that enables messages to be read. Public-key encryption was first described in a secret document in 1973; beforehand, all encryption schemes were symmetric-key (also call... |
Gravitational theory Mechanical explanations Gravitational_theory > European Enlightenment > Mechanical explanations A similar model was later created by Hendrik Lorentz (1853–1928), who used electromagnetic radiation instead of corpuscles. English mathematician Isaac Newton utilized Descartes' argument that curvilinea... |
Craig Venter Synthetic Genomics Craig_Venter > Career > Synthetic Genomics Their aim was to strip away all nonessential genes, leaving only the minimal set necessary to support life. This stripped-down, fast reproducing cell is expected to be a valuable tool for researchers in the field.In August 2018, Venter retired a... |
Synthetic biological circuits Summary Synthetic_biological_circuits Synthetic biological circuits are an application of synthetic biology where biological parts inside a cell are designed to perform logical functions mimicking those observed in electronic circuits. The applications range from simply inducing production... |
Swarm Development Group History Swarm_Development_Group > History SwarmFest 2007 was held at DePaul University's School of Computer Science, Telecommunications, and Information Systems, in Chicago. SwarmFest 2008 was held at Northwestern Memorial Hospital/Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, in Chicago.... |
Comparison of Java and C++ Resource management Comparison_of_Java_and_C++ > Language features > Resource management Arbitrary memory blocks may be allocated in Java as an array of bytes. Java and C++ use different idioms for resource management. Java relies mainly on garbage collection, which can reclaim memory, while ... |
Fichera's existence principle Summary Fichera's_existence_principle In mathematics, and particularly in functional analysis, Fichera's existence principle is an existence and uniqueness theorem for solution of functional equations, proved by Gaetano Fichera in 1954. More precisely, given a general vector space V and tw... |
Discriminant function analysis Practical use Linear_Discriminant_Analysis > Practical use LDA can be generalized to multiple discriminant analysis, where c becomes a categorical variable with N possible states, instead of only two. Analogously, if the class-conditional densities p ( x → ∣ c = i ) {\displaystyle p({\vec... |
Peng–Robinson equation of state Redlich–Kwong equation of state Peng-Robinson_equation > Redlich–Kwong equation of state Introduced in 1949, the Redlich–Kwong equation of state was considered to be a notable improvement to the van der Waals equation. It is still of interest primarily due to its relatively simple form. ... |
Usability goals In product design Usability_goals > In product design Usability goals must be included in every product design process that intends to follow a Human Factors approach (for instance, User-centered design process or Usability Engineering Lifecycle). They have to be clearly stated from the onset of the pro... |
FITALY Summary FITALY As compared to the three-row QWERTY keyboard, FITALY has five rows with at most six letters in a row (as opposed to the ten on QWERTY). Keys are arranged based on individual frequencies of letters in the English language, and the probability of transitions. The ten letters at the very centre (i, t... |
DnaQ Related sequences DnaQ > Related sequences Sequences have been found in other organisms that encode gene products with a similar function to dnaQ: In Mycobaterium tuberculosis, the gene dnaE1 encodes a polymerase and histidinol-phosphatase (PHP) domain that carries out the 3’→5’ exonuclease and proofreading functi... |
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