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Circular section Tri-axial ellipsoid Circular_section > Tri-axial ellipsoid In case of r = a {\displaystyle \ r=a\ } or r = c {\displaystyle \ r=c\ } the equation is only fulfilled by either the x-axis or the z-axis. Only in case of r = b {\displaystyle \ r=b\ } one gets a pair of planes with equation ( b 2 a 2 − 1 ) x... |
Soil pore Electrical resistivity imaging Soil_pore > Modeling methods > Electrical resistivity imaging Using the infinite resistivity of air, the air spaces within a soil can be mapped. A specially designed resistivity meter had improved the meter-soil contact and therefore the area of the reading. This technology can ... |
Stack-oriented programming Anatomy of some typical procedures Stack-oriented_programming_language > PostScript stacks > Anatomy of some typical procedures This procedure does not use named variables, purely the stack. Named variables can be created by using the /a exch def construct. For example, {/n exch def n n mul} ... |
Finger ring Summary Finger_ring A ring is a round band, usually made of metal, worn as ornamental jewelry. The term "ring" by itself always denotes jewellery worn on the finger; when worn as an ornament elsewhere, the body part is specified within the term, e.g., earrings, neck rings, arm rings, and toe rings. Rings al... |
Period 6 element Tantalum Period_6_element > d-block elements > Tantalum Tantalum is a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, the name comes from Tantalus, a character from Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly co... |
RNA-directed DNA methylation Transposable element silencing and genome stability RNA-directed_DNA_methylation > Biological functions > Transposable element silencing and genome stability Although the RdDM mechanism itself is unique to plants, using DNA methylation to silence TEs is a common strategy among eukaryotes.Rd... |
Philosophy of physics Interpretations of quantum mechanics Philosophy_of_physics > Philosophy of quantum mechanics > Interpretations of quantum mechanics Features common to Copenhagen-type interpretations include the idea that quantum mechanics is intrinsically indeterministic, with probabilities calculated using the B... |
Polynomial root-finding algorithms Finding one root Polynomial_root-finding_algorithms > Finding one root In fact, the problem of finding the roots of a polynomial from its coefficients can be highly ill-conditioned. This is illustrated by Wilkinson's polynomial: the roots of this polynomial of degree 20 are the 20 fir... |
Methodological naturalism Providing assumptions required for science Philosophical_naturalism > Providing assumptions required for science By explaining past changes by analogy with present phenomena, a limit is set to conjecture, for there is only one way in which two things are equal, but there are an infinity of way... |
Clark Glymour Journal articles Clark_Glymour > Publications > Journal articles (with Silva, Ricardo, Richard Scheines, and Peter Spirtes). "Learning Measurement Models for Unobserved Variables", UAI '03, Proceedings of the 19th Conference in Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, August 7–10, 2003, Acapulco, Mexico (2... |
Intermittent Explosive Disorder DSM-IV diagnosis Intermittent_Explosive_Disorder > Diagnosis (Intermittent Explosive Disorder) > DSM-IV diagnosis The past DSM-IV criteria for IED were similar to the current criteria, however, verbal aggression was not considered as part of the diagnostic criteria. The DSM-IV diagnosis ... |
Local outlier factor Formal Local_outlier_factor > Formal Let k-distance(A) be the distance of the object A to the k-th nearest neighbor. Note that the set of the k nearest neighbors includes all objects at this distance, which can in the case of a "tie" be more than k objects. We denote the set of k nearest neighbors ... |
Sin (trigonometry) Unit circle definitions Cosine_(trigonometric_function) > Definitions > Unit circle definitions The length of the opposite side of the triangle is simply the y-coordinate. A similar argument can be made for the cosine function to show that cos ( θ ) = adjacent hypotenuse {\displaystyle \cos(\theta ... |
Secreta Mulierum Chapters Secreta_Mulierum > Chapters On the Generation of the Embryo On the Formation of the Fetus Concerning the Influence of the Planets On the Generation of Imperfect Animals On the Exit of the Fetus From the Uterus Concerning Monsters in Nature On the Signs of Conception On the Signs of Whether a M... |
Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) Retrospective (case-control) Epigenome-wide_association_study_(EWAS) > Methods > Types of Study Designs > Retrospective (case-control) Retrospective studies compare unrelated individuals who fall into two categories, controls without the disease or phenotype of interest, and case... |
DNA lesions Pathological effects of poor DNA repair DNA-damage_response > Aging > Pathological effects of poor DNA repair Experimental animals with genetic deficiencies in DNA repair often show decreased life span and increased cancer incidence. For example, mice deficient in the dominant NHEJ pathway and in telomere m... |
Orbital momentum vector Angular momentum in any number of dimensions Relative_angular_momentum > Definition in classical mechanics > Angular momentum in any number of dimensions Angular momentum can be defined in terms of the cross product only in three dimensions. Defining it as the bivector L = r ∧ p {\displaystyle \... |
Internet of Musical Things Introduction Internet_of_Musical_Things > Introduction The term "Internet of Things" (IoT) is extensible to any everyday object connected to the internet, having its capabilities increased by exchanging information with other elements present in the network to achieve a common goal. Thanks to... |
Resistive random-access memory Forming Resistive_RAM > Forming The basic idea is that a dielectric, which is normally insulating, can be made to conduct through a filament or conduction path formed after application of a sufficiently high voltage. The conduction path can arise from different mechanisms, including vacan... |
Beta function (physics) Standard Model Higgs–Yukawa Couplings Beta_function_(physics) > Examples > Standard Model Higgs–Yukawa Couplings In the Standard Model, quarks and leptons have "Yukawa couplings" to the Higgs boson. These determine the mass of the particle. Most all of the quarks' and leptons' Yukawa couplings a... |
Quantity calculus Summary Quantity_calculus Quantity calculus is the formal method for describing the mathematical relations between abstract physical quantities.Its roots can be traced to Fourier's concept of dimensional analysis (1822). The basic axiom of quantity calculus is Maxwell's description of a physical quant... |
Theories of technology Social Group Theories Theories_of_technology > Sociological theories > Social Group Theories The theory assumes that more contact will increase the key components of "presence": greater intimacy, immediacy, warmth and inter-personal rapport. As a consequence of social presence, social influence i... |
Fission-fusion hybrid Summary Nuclear_fusion-fission_hybrid This would not only make fusion designs more economical in power terms, but also be able to burn fuels that were not suitable for use in conventional fission plants, even their nuclear waste. In general terms, the hybrid is similar in concept to the fast breed... |
Optical stretcher Applications Optical_stretcher > Applications Cell mechanics and cell rheology play a crucial role in cellular development and also in many diseases. Due to its high throughput, the optical stretcher has in many biomechanical studies been the tool of choice to investigate the development of or changes... |
Dimensional homogeneity Mathematics Kinematic_quantity > Applications > Mathematics A simple application of dimensional analysis to mathematics is in computing the form of the volume of an n-ball (the solid ball in n dimensions), or the area of its surface, the n-sphere: being an n-dimensional figure, the volume scales... |
Full stop Computing Baseline_dot > Usage > Computing This means that they are not displayed or listed to the user by default. In Unix-like systems and Microsoft Windows, the dot character represents the working directory of the file system. Two dots (..) represent the parent directory of the working directory. |
Classifier constructions in sign languages History Classifier_constructions_in_sign_languages > History First, the imitative gestures of non-signers are similar to classifiers. Second, very many types of movement and locations can be used in these constructions. Liddell suggested that it would be more accurate to consi... |
Outline of artificial intelligence Learning Outline_of_artificial_intelligence > Goals and applications > Learning Machine learning – Constrained Conditional Models – Deep learning – Neural modeling fields – |
Gaussian integers Gaussian primes Gaussian_primes > Gaussian primes The conjugate of a Gaussian prime is also a Gaussian prime (this implies that Gaussian primes are symmetric about the real and imaginary axes). A positive integer is a Gaussian prime if and only if it is a prime number that is congruent to 3 modulo 4 (... |
Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization History Sommerfeld–Bohr_theory > History Hendrik Kramers explained the Stark effect. Bose and Einstein gave the correct quantum statistics for photons. Kramers gave a prescription for calculating transition probabilities between quantum states in terms of Fourier components of the motion, i... |
Homeothermy Pros Homeothermy > Pros A poikilotherm must either operate well below optimum efficiency most of the time, migrate, hibernate or expend extra resources producing a wider range of enzymes to cover the wider range of body temperatures. However, some environments offer much more consistent temperatures than ot... |
Executive functions Attentional biasing in sensory regions Cognitive_control > Experimental evidence > Attentional biasing in sensory regions Electrophysiology and functional neuroimaging studies involving human subjects have been used to describe the neural mechanisms underlying attentional biasing. Most studies have ... |
Adrenocortical hormone Stress and immunity Adrenocortical_hormone > Stress and immunity Chronic inflammation makes an individual more susceptible to diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. Another study found that physical stress caused increased cortisol:DHEAS (dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate) molar rati... |
Cipher suite TLS 1.3 handshake Cipher_suite > Full handshake: coordinating cipher suites > TLS 1.3 handshake If two machines are corresponding over TLS 1.3, they coordinate which cipher suite to use by using the TLS 1.3 Handshake Protocol. The handshake in TLS 1.3 was condensed to only one round trip compared to the tw... |
CPU Cache History L2_cache > History Caches (like for RAM historically) have generally been sized in powers of: 2, 4, 8, 16 etc. KiB; when up to MiB sizes (i.e. for larger non-L1), very early on the pattern broke down, to allow for larger caches without being forced into the doubling-in-size paradigm, with e.g. Intel C... |
Almost everywhere Summary Almost_everywhere When discussing sets of real numbers, the Lebesgue measure is usually assumed unless otherwise stated. The term almost everywhere is abbreviated a.e. |
Tree measurement Tree shape Tree_measurement > Tree shape As an example, the measurement data for 140 live oaks measured as part of the NTS Live Oak Project were graphically plotted using this process. The cluster representing the live oak data falls on the extreme edge of the general pattern of tree shapes. The height... |
Complete binary tree Depth-first order Binary_tree_(data_structure) > Common operations > Traversal > Depth-first order In depth-first order, we always attempt to visit the node farthest from the root node that we can, but with the caveat that it must be a child of a node we have already visited. Unlike a depth-first s... |
Outcome (game theory) Choosing among outcomes Outcome_(game_theory) > Choosing among outcomes "A best response to a coplayer’s strategy is a strategy that yields the highest payoff against that particular strategy". A matrix is used to present the payoff of both players in the game. For example, the best response of pl... |
Puiseux series Definition Puiseux_series > Definition If K is a field (such as the complex numbers), a Puiseux series with coefficients in K is an expression of the form f = ∑ k = k 0 + ∞ c k T k / n {\displaystyle f=\sum _{k=k_{0}}^{+\infty }c_{k}T^{k/n}} where n {\displaystyle n} is a positive integer and k 0 {\displ... |
Positive feedback In electronics Positive_feedback > Examples and applications > In electronics An electronic flip-flop, or "latch", or "bistable multivibrator", is a circuit that due to high positive feedback is not stable in a balanced or intermediate state. Such a bistable circuit is the basis of one bit of electron... |
Quantum artificial life Summary Quantum_artificial_life Quantum artificial life is the application of quantum algorithms with the ability to simulate biological behavior. Quantum computers offer many potential improvements to processes performed on classical computers including machine learning and artificial intellige... |
Prototype theory Combining categories Prototype_theory > Combining categories Within language we find instances of combined categories, such as tall man or small elephant. Combining categories was a problem for extensional semantics, where the semantics of a word such as red is to be defined as the set of objects havin... |
Data flow analysis An iterative algorithm Global_data_flow_analysis > An iterative algorithm From these, the in-states are updated by applying the join operations. The latter two steps are repeated until we reach the so-called fixpoint: the situation in which the in-states (and the out-states in consequence) do not cha... |
Useable Corporate integration Useable > Benefits > Corporate integration Various academic programs focus on usability. Several usability consultancy companies have emerged, and traditional consultancy and design firms offer similar services. There is some resistance to integrating usability work in organisations. Usabi... |
Recombinant DNA technology Preparation of DNA to be cloned DNA_clone > Steps > Preparation of DNA to be cloned Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are often used for amplification of specific DNA or RNA (RT-PCR) sequences prior to molecular cloning. DNA for cloning experiments may also be obtained from RNA using re... |
BCG vaccine Tuberculosis BCG_vaccine > Medical uses > Tuberculosis Differences in effectiveness depend on region, due to factors such as genetic differences in the populations, changes in environment, exposure to other bacterial infections, and conditions in the laboratory where the vaccine is grown, including genetic ... |
Local consistency Uses of local consistency Bucket_elimination > Uses of local consistency All forms of local consistency can be enforced by constraint propagation, which may reduce the domains of variables and the sets of assignments satisfying a constraint and may introduce new constraints. Whenever constraint propag... |
Heat sterilization Steam Chemical_sterilization > Heat > Steam The 263K scrapie prion is inactivated relatively quickly by such sterilization procedures; however, other strains of scrapie, and strains of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CKD) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) are more resistant. Using mice as test an... |
Lucius B. Packard Summary Lucius_B._Packard 1,5 kW) gasoline engine by the American Gas Engine Company that gave its power via a chain to the left rear wheel. Speed was controlled by two levers; one sat on the right of the steering lever. Moving it forward accelerated the vehicle, backwards slowed it. |
Renewable power Solar energy Renewable_Energy_Source > Mainstream technologies > Solar energy Active solar technologies encompass solar thermal energy, using solar collectors for heating, and solar power, converting sunlight into electricity either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated sol... |
Loop nest optimization Summary Loop_nest_optimization In computer science and particularly in compiler design, loop nest optimization (LNO) is an optimization technique that applies a set of loop transformations for the purpose of locality optimization or parallelization or another loop overhead reduction of the loop n... |
Taylor theorem Taylor's theorem in complex analysis Taylor_approximation > Relationship to analyticity > Taylor's theorem in complex analysis In particular, if f is once complex differentiable on the open set U, then it is actually infinitely many times complex differentiable on U. One also obtains the Cauchy's estimat... |
Prime editing Implications Prime_editing > Implications Although additional research is required to improve the efficiency of prime editing, the technology offers promising scientific improvements over other gene editing tools. The prime editing technology has the potential to correct the vast majority of pathogenic al... |
Ableism Education Ableism > Education For example, a disabled student may need to read text instead of listening to a tape recording of the text. In the past, schools have focused too much on fixing the disability, but progressive reforms make schools now focused on minimizing the impact of a student's disability and g... |
Blob detection The Laplacian of Gaussian Laplacian_of_the_Gaussian > The Laplacian of Gaussian One of the first and also most common blob detectors is based on the Laplacian of the Gaussian (LoG). Given an input image f ( x , y ) {\displaystyle f(x,y)} , this image is convolved by a Gaussian kernel g ( x , y , t ) = 1 ... |
Transcription factor Lim-1 Effects on formation of the future kidney Transcription_factor_Lim-1 > Effects on formation of the future kidney Although Lim-1 is primarily associated with head development in embryogenesis, the transcription factor also plays a role in forming the urogenital system. Since Lim-1 is crucial f... |
Carindacillin Pharmacokinetics Carindacillin > Pharmacokinetics Shortly after absorption via the small intestine, Carindacillin is hydrolyzed into Carbenicillin. Carbenicillin acts by interfering with final cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and some Proteus... |
Geriatric trauma Falls Geriatric_trauma > Risk Factors > Falls From a meta-analysis examining risk factors for falls in both community-dwelling and institutionalized populations, the most common intrinsic determinants of falls risks include: Lower extremity weakness due to limited physical activity and muscle atrophy, ... |
Regular pentagon Carlyle circles Regular_pentagon > Regular pentagons > Geometrical constructions > Carlyle circles The Carlyle circle was invented as a geometric method to find the roots of a quadratic equation. This methodology leads to a procedure for constructing a regular pentagon. The steps are as follows: Draw a... |
Molecular Interaction Maps Summary Molecular_Interaction_Maps In order to facilitate linkage to databases, each molecular species is represented only once in a diagram. The MIM notation forms the basis of, and further development of the MIM notation is coordinated with, the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) con... |
Linear control Furnace example Linear_control > Proportional control > Furnace example When controlling the temperature of an industrial furnace, it is usually better to control the opening of the fuel valve in proportion to the current needs of the furnace. This helps avoid thermal shocks and applies heat more effecti... |
Derived graph Translated properties of the underlying graph Line_graph > Properties > Translated properties of the underlying graph The Whitney graph isomorphism theorem provides a converse to this for all but one pair of graphs. In the context of complex network theory, the line graph of a random network preserves man... |
Shades of black Technical black varieties Shades_of_black > Black > Technical black varieties A black body is an idealized physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation (regardless of frequency or angle of incidence). To the human eye, it seems black. Some recent surface treatments to simulate a bla... |
Corrosion in space Materials Corrosion_in_space > Materials However, the protective layers are subject to erosion by micrometeorites. Silver builds up a layer of silver oxide, which tends to flake off and has no protective function; such gradual erosion of silver interconnects of solar cells was found to be the cause o... |
Quantum foundations Summary Quantum_foundations Quantum foundations is a discipline of science that seeks to understand the most counter-intuitive aspects of quantum theory, reformulate it and even propose new generalizations thereof. Contrary to other physical theories, such as general relativity, the defining axioms ... |
Tailless aircraft Drag Tailless_aircraft > Aerodynamics > Drag A conventional fixed-wing aircraft has a horizontal stabiliser surface separate from its main wing. This extra surface causes additional drag requiring a more powerful engine, especially at high speeds. If longitudinal (pitch) stability and control can be a... |
Warnier/Orr diagram Using Warnier/Orr diagrams Warnier/Orr_diagram > Using Warnier/Orr diagrams They have advantage of showing groupings of processes and the data that must be passed from level to level. In addition, the sequence of working backwards ensures that the system will be result oriented. This method is usefu... |
Maximum power principle Philosophy and theory Maximum_power_principle > Philosophy and theory Odum and Pinkerton defined "power" in electronic terms as the rate of work, where Work is understood as a "useful energy transformation". The concept of maximum power can therefore be defined as the maximum rate of useful ener... |
Die-deterioration doubling Overuse of Dies Die-deterioration_doubling > Causes > Overuse of Dies Copper has been used for centuries because of its malleability and the ease with which it makes coins. However, it too wears the dies when they are used for too long. |
Sonogashira coupling Catalysts Sonogashira_coupling > Reaction conditions > Catalysts For instance, oxidation of triphenylphosphine to triphenylphosphine oxide can lead to the formation of Pd0 in situ when is used. Copper(I) salts, such as CuI, react with the terminal alkyne and produce a copper(I) acetylide, which ac... |
External electric load Summary External_load An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power, such as electrical appliances and lights inside the home. The term may also refer to the power consumed by a circuit. This is opposed to a power source, such as a bat... |
Ludwig Boltzmann Statistical mechanics and the Boltzmann constant Ludwig_Boltzmann > Ludwig Boltzmann's legacy and impact on modern science > Statistical mechanics and the Boltzmann constant Statistical mechanics, which Boltzmann pioneered, connects macroscopic observations with microscopic behaviors. His statistical e... |
Limit of detection Significance in analytical chemistry Limit_of_detection > Significance in analytical chemistry In analytical chemistry, the detection limit, lower limit of detection, also termed LOD for limit of detection or analytical sensitivity (not to be confused with statistical sensitivity), is the lowest quan... |
Open-source product development Delineation with other terms Open-source_product_development > Delineation with other terms Most of the available definitions do not refer simultaneously to product openness (the development of open source hardware products as defined by the Open Source Definition) and process openness (... |
Passive survivability Passive Design Strategies Passive_survivability > Passive Design Strategies Balance point temperature is the outdoor temperature under which a building requires heating. An internally dominated structure will have a lower balance point temperature because of more internal heat sources, which means... |
Measurement Summary Measurement Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events. In other words, measurement is a process of determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a basic reference quantity of the same kind. ... |
3C 273 Properties 3C_273 > Properties The radiation is created by a jet of charged particles moving at relativistic speeds. VLBI radio observations of 3C 273 have revealed proper motion of some of the radio emitting regions, further suggesting the presence of relativistic jets of material.This is a prototype of an Acti... |
Genetic engineering in agriculture Medicine Genetic_engineering_in_agriculture > Applications > Medicine Genetic engineering has many applications to medicine that include the manufacturing of drugs, creation of model animals that mimic human conditions and gene therapy. One of the earliest uses of genetic engineering ... |
Schrodinger's equation Preliminaries Time-dependent_Schrödinger_equation > Definition > Preliminaries Introductory courses on physics or chemistry typically introduce the Schrödinger equation in a way that can be appreciated knowing only the concepts and notations of basic calculus, particularly derivatives with respec... |
Language Integrated Query Standard Query Operator API Language_Integrated_Query > Architecture of LINQ in the .NET Framework > Standard Query Operator API The query operators supported by the API are: Select The Select operator performs a projection on the collection to select interesting aspects of the elements. The u... |
Catastrophic failure Summary Catastrophic_failure For example, catastrophic failure can be observed in steam turbine rotor failure, which can occur due to peak stress on the rotor; stress concentration increases up to a point at which it is excessive, leading ultimately to the failure of the disc. In firearms, catastro... |
Ordinary Least Squares Generalized method of moments Ordinary_least_squares_regression > Alternative derivations > Generalized method of moments Since xi is a p-vector, the number of moment conditions is equal to the dimension of the parameter vector β, and thus the system is exactly identified. This is the so-called c... |
Immunologic adjuvant Summary Immunologic_adjuvant In immunology, an adjuvant is a substance that increases or modulates the immune response to a vaccine. The word "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word adiuvare, meaning to help or aid. "An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that acts to accelerate, prolong,... |
Fission–fusion society Species Fission–fusion_society > Species Fission-fusion societies occur among many different species of primates (e.g. chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans), elephants (e.g. forest elephants, African elephants), and bats (e.g. northern long-eared bats). The change in composition, subgroup size, an... |
Computer modeling In practical contexts Computational_modeling > In practical contexts modeling car crashes to test safety mechanisms in new vehicle models. crop-soil systems in agriculture, via dedicated software frameworks (e.g. BioMA, OMS3, APSIM)The reliability and the trust people put in computer simulations depen... |
Stefan Banach Contributions Stefan_Banach > Contributions However, because Wiener's work on the topic was limited, the established name became just Banach spaces.Likewise, Banach's fixed point theorem, based on earlier methods developed by Charles Émile Picard, was included in his dissertation, and was later extended b... |
Weather radar Automatic algorithms Radar_meteorology > Radar display methods > Automatic algorithms Hail algorithms that estimate the presence of hail and its probable size.Main algorithms for Doppler velocities: Mesocyclone detection: is triggered by a velocity change over a small circular area. The algorithm is searc... |
Category of schemes Generalizations Scheme_theory > Generalizations From this general notion, Artin defined the narrower class of algebraic stacks (or "Artin stacks"), which can be considered geometric objects. These include Deligne–Mumford stacks (similar to orbifolds in topology), for which the stabilizer groups are ... |
Distal stimulus Effect of motivation and expectation Sensory_perception > Effects on perception > Effect of motivation and expectation For example, people with an aggressive personality are quicker to correctly identify aggressive words or situations.One classic psychological experiment showed slower reaction times and... |
Simulation software Summary Simulation_software When the penalty for improper operation is costly, such as airplane pilots, nuclear power plant operators, or chemical plant operators, a mock up of the actual control panel is connected to a real-time simulation of the physical response, giving valuable training experien... |
Isotopes of molybdenum Molybdenum-99 Molybdenum-84 > Molybdenum-99 Implementing feed-stocks of high specific activity 99Mo solutions thus allowed for higher quality production and better separations of 99mTc from 99Mo on small alumina column using chromatography. Employing low-specific activity 99Mo under similar condi... |
Romano–Ward syndrome Mechanism Romano–Ward_syndrome > Mechanism In the Romano-Ward forms of Long QT syndrome, genetic mutations affect how positively-charged ions, such as potassium, sodium and calcium ions are transported in and out of heart cells. Many of these genes encode proteins which form or interact with ion ch... |
Java ConcurrentMap Java Map Interfaces Java_ConcurrentMap > Java Map Interfaces The version 1.8 Map interface diagram has the shape below. Sets can be considered sub-cases of corresponding Maps in which the values are always a particular constant which can be ignored, although the Set API uses corresponding but differe... |
Neutron capture therapy Colorectal cancer Neutron_capture_therapy > Clinical Studies of BNCT for extracranial tumors > Other types of tumor > Colorectal cancer Nevertheless, the good clinical results in the first patient established proof of principle. Finally, Yanagie and his colleagues at Meiji Pharmaceutical Univers... |
Lagrangian (field theory) Overview Interaction_Lagrangian > Overview Jost continues with a geometric presentation, clarifying the relation between Hamiltonian and Lagrangian forms, describing spin manifolds from first principles, etc. Current research focuses on non-rigid affine structures, (sometimes called "quantum s... |
Mass of electron Summary Electron Ionization or differences in the proportions of negative electrons versus positive nuclei changes the binding energy of an atomic system. The exchange or sharing of the electrons between two or more atoms is the main cause of chemical bonding. In 1838, British natural philosopher Richa... |
Stock and flow Summary Stocks_and_flows Therefore, a flow would be measured per unit of time (say a year). Flow is roughly analogous to rate or speed in this sense. For example, U.S. |
Molecular binding Summary Molecular_binding Molecular binding is an attractive interaction between two molecules that results in a stable association in which the molecules are in close proximity to each other. It is formed when atoms or molecules bind together by sharing of electrons. It often, but not always, involve... |
Gravity wave Generation of ocean waves by wind Gravity_wave > Generation of ocean waves by wind A wave established on the surface either spontaneously as described above, or in laboratory conditions, interacts with the turbulent mean flow in a manner described by Miles. This is the so-called critical-layer mechanism. A... |
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