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Algebraic data types Explanation Algebraic_data_types > Explanation Algebraic data types are used to represent values that can be one of several types of things. Each type of thing is associated with an identifier called a constructor, which can be viewed as a kind of tag for that kind of data. Each constructor can car... |
Ring Learning with Errors Summary Ring_Learning_with_Errors Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption that allows computation on ciphertext, such as arithmetic on numeric values stored in an encrypted database. RLWE is more properly called learning with errors over rings and is simply the larger learning with erro... |
Polyfullerene Summary Polyfullerene Polyfullerene is a basic polymer of the C60 monomer group, in which fullerene segments are connected via covalent bonds into a polymeric chain without side or bridging groups. They are called intrinsic polymeric fullerenes, or more often all C60 polymers. Fullerene can be part of a p... |
Splitting the atom Fission chain reaction realized Thermonuclear_fission > History > Fission chain reaction realized However, much was still unknown about fission and chain reaction systems. With the news of fission neutrons from uranium fission, Szilárd immediately understood the possibility of a nuclear chain reactio... |
MSSM Higgs mass Gauge-coupling unification Anomaly_mediated_supersymmetry_breaking > Theoretical motivations > Gauge-coupling unification There are two loop corrections and both TeV-scale and GUT-scale threshold corrections that alter this condition on gauge coupling unification, and the results of more extensive calcu... |
Long non-coding RNA In regulation of DNA replication timing and chromosome stability Long_non_coding_RNA > Functions > In regulation of DNA replication timing and chromosome stability Asynchronously replicating autosomal RNAs (ASARs) are very long (~200kb) non-coding RNAs that are non-spliced, non-polyadenylated, and a... |
Seismic event Summary Seismic_event An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those that are so weak that they cannot be fel... |
Cell Biology Eukaryotic cell cycle Cellular_Biology > Growth and development > Eukaryotic cell cycle The proliferation of cells is instigated by progenitors. All cells start out in an identical form and can essentially become any type of cells. Cell signaling such as induction can influence nearby cells to determinate ... |
H3R26me2 Mechanism and function of modification H3R26me2 > Mechanism and function of modification Methylation of H3R26me2 is mediated by CARM1 and is recruited to promoter upon gene activation along with acetyltransferases and activates transcription. When CARM1 is recruited to transcriptional promoters the histone H3 ... |
Long noncoding RNA Functions Telomeric_non-coding_RNAs > Functions Despite accumulating evidence that the majority of long noncoding RNAs in mammals are likely to be functional, only a relatively small proportion has been demonstrated to be biologically relevant. Some lncRNAs have been functionally annotated in LncRNAd... |
Foreign-language reading aid Human language technologies Language_learning_software > Human language technologies "Programs embodying ASR normally provide a native speaker model that the learner is requested to imitate, but the matching process is not 100% reliable and may result in a learner's perfectly intelligible a... |
Generalized Verma module Summary Generalized_Verma_module In mathematics, generalized Verma modules are a generalization of a (true) Verma module, and are objects in the representation theory of Lie algebras. They were studied originally by James Lepowsky in the 1970s. The motivation for their study is that their homom... |
The Selfish Gene Summary The_Selfish_Gene The Selfish Gene is a 1976 book on evolution by the ethologist Richard Dawkins, in which the author builds upon the principal theory of George C. Williams's Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966). Dawkins uses the term "selfish gene" as a way of expressing the gene-centred vie... |
Specific internal energy Description and definition Thermodynamic_energy > Description and definition In such a case, the field is included in the thermodynamic description of the object in the form of an additional external parameter. For practical considerations in thermodynamics or engineering, it is rarely necessar... |
Renewable hydrocarbon fuels via decarboxylation/decarbonylation Catalysts Renewable_fuels_by_decarboxylation > Components > Catalysts However, the method of regeneration preferred in industry use is that of calcination, which would serve to burn off any deposits that may be present. As mentioned above, this reduces the... |
Stack associated to a scheme Abstract stacks Category_fibered_in_groupoids > Definitions > Abstract stacks A category c {\displaystyle c} with a functor to a category C {\displaystyle C} is called a fibered category over C {\displaystyle C} if for any morphism F: X → Y {\displaystyle F:X\to Y} in C {\displaystyle C} an... |
Carbonic gas Regulation of respiration Carbon_dioxide_partial_pressure > Human physiology > Regulation of respiration It is also why flight attendants instruct passengers, in case of loss of cabin pressure, to apply the oxygen mask to themselves first before helping others; otherwise, one risks losing consciousness.The... |
Plane stress Stress transformation in plane stress and plane strain Plane_stress > Stress transformation in plane stress and plane strain which is the equation of a circle of radius R {\displaystyle R\,\!} centered at a point with coordinates {\displaystyle \,\!} , called Mohr's circle. |
Analysis of resistive circuits Equivalent circuits Circuit_theory > Equivalent circuits If the sources are constant (DC) sources, the result is a DC circuit. Analysis of a circuit consists of solving for the voltages and currents present in the circuit. The solution principles outlined here also apply to phasor analysi... |
Semantic analysis (computer science) One-pass versus multi-pass compilers Compiler_theory > Compiler construction > One-pass versus multi-pass compilers Classifying compilers by number of passes has its background in the hardware resource limitations of computers. Compiling involves performing much work and early compu... |
Second unit Function Second_unit > Function These shots may include things such as close-ups, inserts, cutaways, and establishing shots.In both of these scenarios, the purpose of the second unit is to make the most efficient use of some of the resources that are expensive or scarce in film production: actors' and direc... |
High-voltage power supply Linear power supply Electronic_power_supply > Types > DC power supplies > Linear power supply In a linear power supply the AC input voltage passes through a power transformer and is then rectified and filtered to obtain a DC voltage. The filtering reduces the amplitude of AC mains frequency pr... |
Fast syndrome-based hash Collision resistance and 2-regular null syndrome decoding (2-RNSD) Fast_syndrome-based_hash > Security proof of FSB > Collision resistance and 2-regular null syndrome decoding (2-RNSD) Definition of 2-RNSD: Given w {\displaystyle w} matrices H i {\displaystyle H_{i}} of dimension r × ( n / w ) ... |
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Types of EAE Experimental_autoimmune_encephalomyelitis > Types of EAE The archetypical first clinical symptom is weakness of tail tonus that progresses to paralysis of the tail, followed by a progression up the body to affect the hind limbs and finally the forelimbs.However, si... |
Brain Vertebrates Brain > Anatomy > Evolution > Vertebrates Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood vessels enter the central nervous system through holes in the meningeal layers. The cells in the blood vessel walls are jo... |
Cheque Truncation System For banks Cheque_Truncation_System > Expected benefits > For banks Besides, it reduces operational risk by securing the transmission route. Centralized image archival systems ensure that data storage and retrieval is easy. Reduction of manual tasks leads to reduction of errors. Real-time tracki... |
Adiabatic engine Carnot cycle Carnot_heat_engine > Carnot cycle Isentropic (reversible adiabatic) expansion of the gas (isentropic work output). For this step (B to C) the piston and cylinder are assumed to be thermally insulated, thus they neither gain nor lose heat. |
Hash Function Hashing integer data types Hash_algorithm > Hashing integer data types There are several common algorithms for hashing integers. The method giving the best distribution is data-dependent. One of the simplest and most common methods in practice is the modulo division method. |
Holomastigotoides Cytoskeleton Holomastigotoides > Morphology > Cytoskeleton Centrin is a protein found in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells, and plays a role in cell division. In Holomastigotoides cells, there is a high concentration of centrin at the apex of the cell associated with the parabasal fibers, the flage... |
Gas production United States Piped_natural_gas > Energy content, statistics, and pricing > United States Gas meters measure the volume of gas used, and this is converted to therms by multiplying the volume by the energy content of the gas used during that period, which varies slightly over time. The typical annual cons... |
Landau's algorithm Two nested square roots Nested_radicals > Two nested square roots A more general denesting formula could have the form However, Galois theory implies that either the left-hand side belongs to Q ( c ) , {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} ({\sqrt {c}}),} or it must be obtained by changing the sign of either x ... |
Semantic ascent Acquiring reference Semantic_ascent > Reference > Acquiring reference This behavior gets rewarded or not, dependent on the situation in which it occurs. Terms are learned by a process of reinforcement and extinction. In this phase, the child is not aware yet of objects, it just reacts to stimulations. |
Specific ventilation Summary Specific_ventilation In respiratory physiology, specific ventilation is defined as the ratio of the volume of gas entering a region of the lung (ΔV) following an inspiration, divided by the end-expiratory volume (V0) of that same lung region: SV = ΔV⁄V0 It is a dimensionless quantity. For t... |
Eyeblink conditioning Lesion studies Eyeblink_conditioning > Critical role of the interposed nucleus > Lesion studies The population of cells critical for EBC appears to be restricted to a ~ 1 mm3 area of dorsolateral anterior INP ipsilateral to the conditioned eye. Lesions to this area of INP result in an inability to... |
Royal Engineers bridging and trackway equipment Logistic Support Bridging Royal_Engineers_bridging_and_trackway_equipment > Logistic Support Bridging Logistic Support Bridging (LSB) The LSB is usually constructed with the help of a crane, it provides a larger load capacity than Close Support Bridging or General Support... |
Lebesgue measurable Examples Lebesgue_measure > Examples Any closed interval of real numbers is Lebesgue-measurable, and its Lebesgue measure is the length b − a. The open interval (a, b) has the same measure, since the difference between the two sets consists only of the end points a and b, which each have measure ze... |
Kelvin temperature Diffusion of thermal energy: black-body radiation Absolute_Temperature > Relationship of temperature, motions, conduction, and thermal energy > Diffusion of thermal energy: black-body radiation Black-body radiation diffuses thermal energy throughout a substance as the photons are absorbed by neighbor... |
Compound prism Doublet Compound_prism > Doublet The simplest compound prism is a doublet, consisting of two elements in contact, as shown in the figure at right. A ray of light passing through the prism is refracted at the first air-glass interface, again at the interface between the two glasses, and a final time at th... |
Sommerfeld–Wilson quantization Shell model (heavier atoms) Bohr_atom > Shell model (heavier atoms) But the repulsions of electrons are taken into account somewhat by the phenomenon of screening. The electrons in outer orbits do not only orbit the nucleus, but they also move around the inner electrons, so the effective ... |
Rotary wheel blow molding systems Advantages & disadvantages Rotary_wheel_blow_molding_systems > Advantages & disadvantages Other advantages of wheel equipment include: Continuous extrusion Multi-layer coextrusion, with one to seven layers of plastic in the finished part In some applications, In Mold Labeling (IML) can... |
Ring signatures Applications and modifications Ring_signatures > Applications and modifications One of the possible applications can be an offline e-cash system. Traceable ring signature In addition to the previous scheme the public key of the signer is revealed (if they issue more than one signatures under the same pr... |
Antigen presenting cells Dendritic cells (DCs) Antigen-presenting_cells > Types and functions > Professional APCs > Dendritic cells (DCs) Dendritic cells have the broadest range of antigen presentation and are necessary for activation of naive T cells. DCs present antigen to both helper and cytotoxic T cells. They can ... |
Gunther Schmidt Editorships Gunther_Schmidt > Editorships Theoretical Foundations of Programming Methodology. Reidel Publishers, ISBN 90-277-1460-6. |
Cook's theorem Contributions Cook–Levin_theorem > Contributions The concept of NP-completeness was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s in parallel by researchers in North America and the USSR. In 1971, Stephen Cook published his paper "The complexity of theorem proving procedures" in conference proceedings of t... |
Measurement Imperial and US customary systems Measurement > Units and systems > Imperial and US customary systems Before SI units were widely adopted around the world, the British systems of English units and later imperial units were used in Britain, the Commonwealth and the United States. The system came to be known ... |
Glossary of gene expression terms G Glossary_of_genetics_(0–L) > G genetic recombination Any reassortment or exchange of genetic material within an individual organism or between individuals of the same or different species, especially that which creates genetic variation. In the broadest sense, the term encompasses a ... |
Recognition signal Biology Recognition_signal > Biology A recognition signal is also a chemical signal used in biology to signal the end of a section of DNA or RNA during gene duplication in cells. |
Machine learning in bioinformatics Clustering and abundance profiling of BGCs Machine_learning_in_bioinformatics > Applications > Clustering and abundance profiling of BGCs Given their direct relationship to catalytic enzymes, and compounds produced from their encoded pathways, BGCs/GCFs can serve as a proxy to explore... |
Hyperpolarization (physics) Rationale Hyperpolarization_(physics) > Spin-exchange optical pumping > Noble gases and alkali metals > Rationale Because 129Xe has a number of favorable facts in NMR Tech. for working as a contrasting agent even over the other novel gases: Inert xenon does not show chemical reaction like ot... |
Binary classifier Statistical binary classification Binary_classifier > Statistical binary classification Statistical classification is a problem studied in machine learning. It is a type of supervised learning, a method of machine learning where the categories are predefined, and is used to categorize new probabilisti... |
Deuterium isotope effect Other examples Kinetic_isotope_effect > Case studies > Other examples In this reaction the rate-limiting step is formation of the enolate by deprotonation of the ketone. In this study the KIE is calculated from the reaction rate constants for regular 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone and its deuterated ... |
Temperature Intensive variability Temperature > Thermodynamic approach > Intensive variability In thermodynamic terms, temperature is an intensive variable because it is equal to a differential coefficient of one extensive variable with respect to another, for a given body. It thus has the dimensions of a ratio of two ... |
Structural optimization Summary Structural_optimization Shape optimization is part of the field of optimal control theory. The typical problem is to find the shape which is optimal in that it minimizes a certain cost functional while satisfying given constraints. In many cases, the functional being solved depends on th... |
Convolutional layer Distinguishing features Max_pooling > Distinguishing features The architecture thus ensures that the learned "filters" produce the strongest response to a spatially local input pattern. Stacking many such layers leads to nonlinear filters that become increasingly global (i.e. responsive to a larger ... |
PID loop Proportional term Steady-state_error > Controller theory > Proportional term The proportional term produces an output value that is proportional to the current error value. The proportional response can be adjusted by multiplying the error by a constant Kp, called the proportional gain constant. The proportion... |
Glicksberg fixed-point theorem S = [0,1] Kakutani_fixed-point_theorem > Proof outline > S = [0,1] The proof of Kakutani's theorem is simplest for set-valued functions defined over closed intervals of the real line. However, the proof of this case is instructive since its general strategy can be carried over to the high... |
Glossary of biology L Glossary_of_biology > L linked genes Any set of one or more genes which are sufficiently close together on the same chromosome that they are very unlikely to assort independently and therefore are usually inherited together. lipid A substance that is insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, ethe... |
Integrate-and-fire model Perfect Integrate-and-fire Biological_neuron_models > Electrical input–output membrane voltage models > Perfect Integrate-and-fire The firing frequency is the inverse of the total inter-spike interval (including dead time). The firing frequency as a function of a constant input current is there... |
Region inference Implementation Region-based_memory_management > Implementation The overall cost per allocated byte of this scheme is very low; almost all allocations involve only a comparison and an update to the next-free-position pointer. Deallocating a region is a constant-time operation, and is done rarely. Unlike... |
Long-tail traffic Controlling long-tail traffic Long-tail_traffic > Controlling long-tail traffic For example, when TCP is invoked in HTTP in the context of web client/ server interactions, the size of the file being transported (which is known at the server) is conveyed or made accessible to protocols in the transport... |
English irregular verbs Summary English_irregular_verbs Irregular verbs in Modern English are typically derived from verbs that followed more regular patterns at a previous stage in the history of the language. In particular, many such verbs derive from Germanic strong verbs, which make many of their inflected forms th... |
Atony I Atony > I It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, as well as objects such as wood splinters, distinguishing them from the organism's own healthy tissue. Many species have two major subsystems of the immune system. The innate immune system provides a preconfigured... |
Perceptual control theory The methodology of modeling, and PCT as model Perceptual_control_theory > The methodology of modeling, and PCT as model Further, the variance from perfect control accords well with that observed for living organisms. Perfect control would result in zero effect of the disturbance, but living or... |
Augustin-Jean Fresnel First attempt (1815) Augustin-Jean_Fresnel > Contributions to physical optics > Diffraction > First attempt (1815) Newton evidently thought the fringes were caustics. Thus Arago erred in his belief that the curved paths of the fringes were fundamentally incompatible with the corpuscular theory.Ara... |
Percussion caps Description Percussion_primer > Description The percussion cap is a small cylinder of copper or brass with one closed end. Inside the closed end is a small amount of a shock-sensitive explosive material such as mercuric fulminate (discovered in 1800; it was the only practical detonator used from about t... |
Philosophical problem Münchhausen trilemma Philosophical_problem > Epistemology > Münchhausen trilemma In epistemology, the Münchhausen trilemma is a thought experiment intended to demonstrate the theoretical impossibility of proving any truth, even in the fields of logic and mathematics, without appealing to accepted ... |
Behavior of nuclear fuel during a reactor accident Aging of steels Behavior_of_nuclear_fuel_during_a_reactor_accident > Hydriding and waterside corrosion > Aging of steels Irradiation causes the properties of steels to become poorer, for instance SS316 becomes less ductile and less tough. Also creep and stress corrosio... |
Functional software architecture Unified modeling language Functional_software_architecture > Modeling the business > Unified modeling language UML is a broadly accepted modeling language for the development of software systems and applications. The object-oriented community also tries to use UML for enterprise modelin... |
Parameter (machine learning) Self-learning Artificial_Neural_Network > Models > Learning paradigms > Self-learning Self-learning in neural networks was introduced in 1982 along with a neural network capable of self-learning named crossbar adaptive array (CAA). It is a system with only one input, situation s, and only o... |
Ecological economics Weak versus strong sustainability Forest_carbon_stock > Topics > Weak versus strong sustainability Ecological economics challenges the conventional approach towards natural resources, claiming that it undervalues natural capital by considering it as interchangeable with human-made capital—labor and... |
Social simulation Criticisms Social_simulation > Criticisms It is highly difficult and often impractical to attempt to link the findings from the abstract world the simulation creates and our complex society and all of its variation.Researchers working in social simulation might respond that the competing theories from... |
Coefficient of restitution Summary Coefficient_of_restitution The coefficient of restitution (COR, also denoted by e), is the ratio of the final to initial relative speed between two objects after they collide. It normally ranges from 0 to 1 where 1 would be a perfectly elastic collision. A perfectly inelastic collisio... |
Theoretical total mass-energy Langevin's light-clock Special_Theory_of_Relativity > Consequences derived from the Lorentz transformation > Time dilation > Langevin's light-clock A time interval measured using a single clock which is motionless in a particular reference frame is called a proper time interval.Fig. 4-3B i... |
Applications of machine learning Data mining Statistical_learning > History and relationships to other fields > Data mining Evaluated with respect to known knowledge, an uninformed (unsupervised) method will easily be outperformed by other supervised methods, while in a typical KDD task, supervised methods cannot be us... |
Matrix management Matrix Management 2.0 Matrix_organization > In practice > Scaling back > Matrix Management 2.0 In 2004, despite matrix management having become disfavored, Nokia made an attempt at using a form of it, later described as "matrix management 2.0". The focus is intended to be "leading without authority" s... |
Shadow system Not scalable Shadow_system > Problems > Not scalable Typically, Shadow Data Systems are only used by one or two people. Unless they are developed by experienced programmers, it may be difficult to scale them up to support tens or hundreds of users. |
Bacterial morphological plasticity Bimodal effect Bacterial_morphological_plasticity > Environmental cues > Bimodal effect Multicellular complexes of bacterial cells also change the ability of protist's ingestion. Cells in biofilms or microcolonies are often more resistant to predation. For instance, the swarm cells of... |
Kumpati S. Narendra Research areas Kumpati_S._Narendra > Research areas Nonlinear dynamical systems Artificial neural networks Learning automata Adaptive control Stability theory |
Factorial function Computation Factorial > Properties > Computation Unless optimized for tail recursion, the recursive version takes linear space to store its call stack. However, this model of computation is only suitable when n {\displaystyle n} is small enough to allow n ! {\displaystyle n!} |
NBG set theory Classes and sets Von_Neumann–Bernays–Gödel_set_theory > Axiomatization of NBG > Classes and sets NBG has two types of objects: classes and sets. Intuitively, every set is also a class. There are two ways to axiomatize this. Bernays used many-sorted logic with two sorts: classes and sets. |
Liminality General sources Liminality > General sources Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. OED Online Oxford University Press. Accessed June 23, 2007; cf. subliminal. |
Voltage-controlled amplifier Summary Voltage_controlled_amplifier The VCR is one of the numerous interesting circuit elements that can be produced by using a JFET (junction field-effect transistor) with simple biasing. VCRs manufactured in this way can be obtained as discrete devices, e.g. VCR2N. |
List of clinically important bacteria Y List_of_clinically_important_bacteria > Y Yersinia Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pestis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis |
Degrees of Freedom Problem (Motor Control) Unifying theories Degrees_of_freedom_problem > Unifying theories Furthermore, most of these theories incorporate some sort of feedback and feed-forward models that the nervous system must utilize. Most of these theories also incorporate some sort of hierarchical neural control... |
Concurrent hash table Contention handling Concurrent_hash_table > Contention handling As with any concurrent data structure, concurrent hash tables suffer from a variety of problems known in the field of concurrent computing as a result of contention. Examples for such are the ABA problem, race conditions, and deadlock... |
Active Voice Summary Active_Voice Active voice is used in a clause whose subject expresses the main verb's agent. That is, the subject does the verb's designated action. A clause whose agent is marked as grammatical subject is called an active clause. In contrast, a clause in which the subject has the role of patient o... |
Löwenstein–Jensen medium Composition Löwenstein–Jensen_medium > Composition Presence of glycerol enhances the growth of M. tuberculosis. If the slopes are made on test tubes, they must be stored in cold and used within a month. For cultivation of M. bovis, glycerol is omitted and sodium pyruvate is added. The medium ap... |
Fair scheduling Algorithm details Fair_queuing > A byte-weighted fair queuing algorithm > Algorithm details The virtual finish time for a newly queued packet is given by the sum of the virtual start time plus the packet's size. The virtual start time is the maximum between the previous virtual finish time of the same q... |
Calendar queue Summary Calendar_queue Such simulators require a good and efficient data structure as time spent on queue management can be significant. The calendar queue (with optimum bucket size) can approach O(1) average performance. Calendar queues are closely related to bucket queues but differ from them in how th... |
Atrial systole Summary Atrial_systole The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, following a period of robust contraction and pump... |
Decadic logarithm Negative logarithms Logarithmus_generalis > Mantissa and characteristic > Negative logarithms Since i is a constant, the mantissa comes from log 10 ( x ) {\displaystyle \log _{10}(x)} , which is constant for given x {\displaystyle x} . This allows a table of logarithms to include only one entry for ... |
Accelerometer Physical principles Free_fall_sensor > Physical principles The effects of this acceleration are indistinguishable from any other acceleration experienced by the instrument so that an accelerometer cannot detect the difference between sitting in a rocket on the launch pad, and being in the same rocket in d... |
Accelerando Title Accelerando > Title In Italian, accelerando means "speeding up" and is used as a tempo marking in musical notation. In Stross' novel, it refers to the accelerating rate at which humanity in general, and/or the novel's characters, head towards the technological singularity. |
Discrete measure Summary Discrete_measure In mathematics, more precisely in measure theory, a measure on the real line is called a discrete measure (in respect to the Lebesgue measure) if it is concentrated on an at most countable set. The support need not be a discrete set. Geometrically, a discrete measure (on the re... |
Entner–Doudoroff pathway Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate Entner–Doudoroff_pathway > Catalyzing enzymes > Conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate The first step in ED is phosphorylation of glucose by a family of enzymes called hexokinases to form glucose 6-phosphate (G6P). This reaction consumes ATP, b... |
Artificial Neural Network Training Neural_network_models > Criticism > Training A common criticism of neural networks, particularly in robotics, is that they require too much training for real-world operation. Potential solutions include randomly shuffling training examples, by using a numerical optimization algorithm ... |
Tropical desert Borax Tropical_desert > Natural resources > Borax Borax is a natural cleaner and freshener, also known as a detergent booster. Boric acid is derived from borax and can be used to manufacture agricultural chemicals such as herbicide and insecticide, It is also used widely in fire retardants, glass, ceram... |
Diffractive solar sail Summary Diffractive_solar_sail A diffractive solar sail, or diffractive lightsail, is a type of solar sail which relies on diffraction instead of reflection for its propulsion. Current diffractive sail designs use thin metamaterial films, containing micrometer-size gratings based on polarization ... |
Diving rebreather Carbon dioxide monitoring Gas_extender > Recreational and scientific diving rebreather technological innovations > Carbon dioxide monitoring Hypercapnia has been identified as one of the most prevalent factors in rebreather diving fatalities. This is generally a consequence of scrubber failure to remo... |
Magnetorheological fluid Material behavior Magnetorheological_fluid > Material behavior To understand and predict the behavior of the MR fluid it is necessary to model the fluid mathematically, a task slightly complicated by the varying material properties (such as yield stress). As mentioned above, smart fluids are su... |
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