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Small nucleolar RNA snR57 Summary Small_nucleolar_RNA_snR57 In molecular biology, snoRNA snR57 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snR... |
C programming Summary C_programming_language C has been standardized by ANSI since 1989 (ANSI C) and by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). C is an imperative procedural language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, with a static type system. It was designed to... |
E = mc² Alternative version Mass–energy_equivalence > History > Einstein: mass–energy equivalence > Alternative version {\displaystyle \Delta P={v \over c}{E \over 2c}.} The left-moving light carries a little less momentum, by the same amount ΔP. |
Outcast (person) Summary Outcast_(person) An outcast is someone who is rejected or cast out, as from home or from society or in some way excluded, looked down upon, or ignored. In common English speech, an outcast may be anyone who does not fit in with normal society, which can contribute to a sense of isolation. Compa... |
Nanoinjection Electrophoretic Injection Nanoinjection > Techniques > Electrophoretic Injection Electrophoretic injection remains the most common form of nanoinjection. Just as with the other methods, a lance ten times smaller than that of microinjection is used. Preparing the lance for injection, a positive charge is a... |
Peng-Robinson equation of state The BWR equation of state Peng-Robinson_equation_of_state > Virial equations of state > The BWR equation of state The second virial coefficient is monotonically decreasing as temperature is lowered. The third virial coefficient is monotonically increasing as temperature is lowered. The L... |
Geometric drawing Summary Geometric_drawing Geometric drawing consists of a set of processes for constructing geometric shapes and solving problems with the use of a ruler without graduation and the compass (drawing tool). Modernly, such studies can be done with the aid of software, which simulates the strokes performe... |
Behavioral epigenetics Stress Behavioral_epigenetics > Research into epigenetics in psychology > Stress This research provides evidence for an underlying epigenetic mechanism. Further support comes from experiments with the same setup, using drugs that can increase or decrease methylation. |
Coase theorem Game-theoretic critique: hold-out, free-rider problems, complete information assumption Coase_theorem > Criticism > Criticisms of the applicability of the theorem > Game-theoretic critique: hold-out, free-rider problems, complete information assumption Rather it is more likely to be determined by a host o... |
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media nan NMR_in_porous_media > T 2 {\displaystyle T_{2}} relaxation For fully brine saturated porous media, three different mechanisms contribute to the relaxation: bulk fluid relaxation, surface relaxation, and relaxation due to gradients in the magnetic field. In the absence of ... |
Virtual battlefield The simulation spectrum Virtual_battlefield > The simulation spectrum At other times one or other of the teams might be replaced by a computer-simulated opponent (known as an agent or automaton). This can reduce the umpires' role to interpreter of the data produced by the agent, or remove the need f... |
Sample variance Summary Variance One, as discussed above, is part of a theoretical probability distribution and is defined by an equation. The other variance is a characteristic of a set of observations. When variance is calculated from observations, those observations are typically measured from a real world system. |
Approximate Bayesian Computation Software Approximate_Bayesian_Computation > Software A number of software packages are currently available for application of ABC to particular classes of statistical models. The suitability of individual software packages depends on the specific application at hand, the computer system... |
Air-Cobot Navigation in the airport or the factory Air-Cobot > Autonomous navigation > Navigation in the airport or the factory In an outdoor environment, the robot is able to go to the inspection site by localizing through Global Positioning System (GPS) data. The GPS device developed by M3 Systems allows geofencing. ... |
Reaction intermediate Methane chlorination Reaction_product > Common reaction intermediates > Radicals > Methane chlorination -> CCl3. + H-Cl}}} These new radical carbon containing species now react with a second Cl2 molecule. |
Statistical learning Model assessments Statistical_learning > Model assessments Classification of machine learning models can be validated by accuracy estimation techniques like the holdout method, which splits the data in a training and test set (conventionally 2/3 training set and 1/3 test set designation) and evalua... |
Airflow Simulation Airflow > Simulation Air flow can be simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling, or observed experimentally through the operation of a wind tunnel. This may be used to predict airflow patterns around automobiles, aircraft, and marine craft, as well as air penetration of a building en... |
Conceptual model Conceptual model vs. semantics model Conceptual_model > Models in philosophy and science > Conceptual model vs. semantics model Conceptual Models and semantic models have many similarities, however the way they are presented, the level of flexibility and the use are different. Conceptual models have a ... |
Spacetime Dewan–Beran–Bell spaceship paradox Space-time_continuum > Beyond the basics > Acceleration > Dewan–Beran–Bell spaceship paradox : 106, 120–122 The problem with the first argument is that there is no "frame of the spaceships." There cannot be, because the two spaceships measure a growing distance between the t... |
Key authentication Authentication using Shared Keys Public-key_authentication > Authentication using Shared Keys For key authentication using the traditional symmetric key cryptography, this is the problem of assuring that there is no man-in-the-middle attacker who is trying to read or spoof the communication. There ar... |
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering I Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering > I infinite impulse responseA filter which, mathematically, never gets to a zero effect of an impulse at its input, though practically the response may become negligible after a definite time. information applianceC... |
Algorithmic problem By implementation Algorithmic_method > Classification > By implementation Serial, parallel or distributed Algorithms are usually discussed with the assumption that computers execute one instruction of an algorithm at a time. Those computers are sometimes called serial computers. An algorithm designe... |
Electrical impedance Complex voltage and current Complex_Impedance > Complex voltage and current To simplify calculations, sinusoidal voltage and current waves are commonly represented as complex-valued functions of time denoted as V {\displaystyle V} and I {\displaystyle I} . V = | V | e j ( ω t + ϕ V ) , I = | I | e ... |
Combination gun Summary Combination_gun A combination gun is a firearm that usually comprises at least one rifled barrel and one smoothbore barrel, that is typically used with shot or some type of shotgun slug. Most have been break-action guns, although there have been other designs as well. Combination guns using one ... |
Antiretroviral drug Virologic response Antiretroviral_treatment > Response to therapy > Virologic response The importance of the final results of the PARTNER 2 study were described by the medical director of the Terrence Higgins Trust as "impossible to overstate", while lead author Alison Rodger declared that the messa... |
Tensile strain Green strain Strain_tensor > Strain measures > Green strain The Green strain is defined as: |
Pollutant-induced abnormal behaviour Birds Pollutant-induced_abnormal_behaviour > Noise and light pollution > Noise pollution > Birds A negative correlation was found between the noise intensity of an area and the probability that a long-eared owl will reside in that region. Suggested explanations for this outcome are ... |
Amtolmetin guacil Mechanism of action Amtolmetin_guacil > Mechanism of action Amtolmetin guacil stimulates capsaicin receptors present on gastrointestinal walls, because of presence of vanillic moiety and also releases NO which is gastro protective. It also inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase (COX). == ... |
Prestack Summary Prestack In algebraic geometry, a prestack F over a category C equipped with some Grothendieck topology is a category together with a functor p: F → C satisfying a certain lifting condition and such that (when the fibers are groupoids) locally isomorphic objects are isomorphic. A stack is a prestack wi... |
Library sort Algorithm Library_sort > Implementation > Algorithm This can be done by linearly moving towards left or right side of the array if you hit an empty space in the middle element. Insertion: Inserting the element in the position found and swapping the following elements by 1 position till an empty space is hi... |
Missense mRNA Biogenesis Missense_mRNA > Biogenesis Spontaneous mutations occur during the DNA replication process where a non-complementary nucleotide is deposited by the DNA polymerase in the extension phase. The consecutive round of replication would result in a point mutation. If the resulting mRNA codon is one tha... |
Modulus of complex number Terminology and notation Magnitude_of_a_complex_number > Terminology and notation In 1806, Jean-Robert Argand introduced the term module, meaning unit of measure in French, specifically for the complex absolute value, and it was borrowed into English in 1866 as the Latin equivalent modulus. Th... |
Mechanical filter Piezoelectric Mechanical_filter > Transducers > Piezoelectric A piezoelectric material is one which changes shape when an electric field is applied. In reverse, it produces an electric field when it is distorted. A piezoelectric transducer, in essence, is made simply by plating electrodes on to the pi... |
Strong derivative Directional derivatives Order_of_derivation > In higher dimensions > Directional derivatives In some cases it may be easier to compute or estimate the directional derivative after changing the length of the vector. Often this is done to turn the problem into the computation of a directional derivative... |
Nanoscale vacuum-channel transistor Simplified operation Nanoscale_vacuum-channel_transistor > Simplified operation A gate electrode is used to control the current flow through the vacuum-channel. Despite the name, vacuum-channel transistors do not need to be evacuated. The gap traversed by the electrons is so small th... |
MO diagram Heteronuclear diatomics Molecular_orbital_diagram > Heteronuclear diatomics In heteronuclear diatomic molecules, mixing of atomic orbitals only occurs when the electronegativity values are similar. In carbon monoxide (CO, isoelectronic with dinitrogen) the oxygen 2s orbital is much lower in energy than the c... |
EuroMatrixPlus Software and data EuroMatrixPlus > Outcome > Software and data Here is a list of software and data that were released by the project: Appraise – an open source tool for manual evaluation of MT output BURGER – Bulgarian Resource BulTreeBank – Treebank of Bulgarian CSLM toolkit – free tool for training con... |
Linear seismic inversion Temperature inversion from Marescot (2010) Linear_seismic_inversion > Inversion examples > Temperature inversion from Marescot (2010) These experimental data were inverted to obtain earth parameter values of a = 0.5 {\displaystyle a=0.5} and b = 18 ∘ C {\displaystyle b=18^{\circ }C} . For a mor... |
Spectro-Polarimetric High-Contrast Exoplanet Research Instrument description Spectro-Polarimetric_High-Contrast_Exoplanet_Research > Instrument description The Infrared Dual-band Imager and Spectrograph (IRDIS) has a field of view of 11" x 12.5" with a pixel scale of 12.25 mas (milliarcsecond). IRDIS can provide classi... |
Multiplicative partitions of factorials Summary Multiplicative_partitions_of_factorials that have length n {\textstyle n} , and find the partition whose first factor is the largest. (Since the first factor in a partition is the smallest within that partition, this means finding the maximum of all the minima.) Call this... |
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 Pathophysiology Autoimmune_polyendocrine_syndrome_type_1 > Pathophysiology This leads to damage to endocrine organs. Common problems include hypercalcaemia and nephrocalcinosis (due to a lack of calcitonin from the thyroid), and pituitary problems (such as growth hormone deficie... |
Proteolytic degradation Cleavage of polyproteins Proteolytic_degradation > Biological functions > Post-translational proteolytic processing > Cleavage of polyproteins Many viruses also produce their proteins initially as a single polypeptide chain that were translated from a polycistronic mRNA. This polypeptide is subs... |
Phylogenetic profiling Summary Evolutionary_profiles Phylogenetic profiling is a bioinformatics technique in which the joint presence or joint absence of two traits across large numbers of species is used to infer a meaningful biological connection, such as involvement of two different proteins in the same biological p... |
Transport triggered architecture Branches Transport_triggered_architecture > Structure > Branches All processors, including TTA processors, include control flow instructions that alter the program counter, which are used to implement subroutines, if-then-else, for-loop, etc. The assembly language for TTA processors typ... |
Telomerase Targeted apoptosis EST1 > Clinical implications > Cancer > Targeted apoptosis Another independent approach is to use oligoadenylated anti-telomerase antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes to target telomerase RNA, reducing dissociation and apoptosis (Figure 5). The fast induction of apoptosis through antis... |
Painter's algorithm Algorithm Painter's_algorithm > Algorithm Conceptually Painter's Algorithm works as follows: Sort each polygon by depth Place each polygon from the farthest polygon to the closest polygon |
Mitochondrial fusion Apoptosis Mitochondrial_fusion > Apoptosis The balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission in cells is dictated by the up-and-down regulation of mitofusins, OPA1/Mgm1, and Drp1/Dnm1. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, begins with the breakdown of mitochondria into smaller pieces. This proces... |
Epidemiological transition Current evidence Epidemiological_transition > Current evidence The majority of the literature on the epidemiological transition that was published since these seminal papers confirms the context-specific nature of the epidemiological transition: while there is an overall all-cause mortality d... |
Volume and displacement indicators for an architectural structure Objective Volume_and_displacement_indicators_for_an_architectural_structure > Objective Furthermore, the resistance of the structure is not the only criterion to take into account. In many cases, it is also important to ensure that it will not undergo ex... |
Byte code Execution Byte_code > Execution A bytecode program may be executed by parsing and directly executing the instructions, one at a time. This kind of bytecode interpreter is very portable. Some systems, called dynamic translators, or just-in-time (JIT) compilers, translate bytecode into machine code as necessary... |
Philosophy of information Logic of information Philosophy_of_information > History > Logic of information The logic of information, also known as the logical theory of information, considers the information content of logical signs and expressions along the lines initially developed by Charles Sanders Peirce. |
Inner satellite Inner satellites of Neptune Inner_moon > List of inner satellites > Inner satellites of Neptune Neptune has seven known inner satellites: Naiad Thalassa Despina Galatea − inner shepherd satellite of the very narrow Adams ring, which is broken into arcs Larissa Hippocamp ProteusIt is thought that they ar... |
Y-aromaticity Theory Y-aromaticity > Theory This means that, instead of being tied to one atom of carbon, each electron is shared by all six in the ring. Thus, there are not enough electrons to form double bonds on all the carbon atoms, but the "extra" electrons strengthen all of the bonds on the ring equally. The resu... |
RNA modification Transfer RNA modifications RNA_editing > Types of RNA > Transfer RNA modifications For example, in eukaryotes an adenosine at position 34 of the anticodon can be converted to inosine. Inosine is a modification that is able to base-pair with cytosine, adenine, and uridine.Another commonly modified base ... |
Phred quality score Summary Phred_score The FASTQ format encodes phred scores as ASCII characters alongside the read sequences. Phred quality scores have become widely accepted to characterize the quality of DNA sequences, and can be used to compare the efficacy of different sequencing methods. Perhaps the most importa... |
Symbolic AI Machine learning Symbolic_AI > History > Adding in more rigorous foundations, 1993–2011 > Machine learning When problem-solving fails, querying the expert to either learn a new exemplar for problem-solving or to learn a new explanation as to exactly why one exemplar is more relevant than another. For exampl... |
Alexander–Spanier cohomology Summary Alexander-Spanier_cohomology In mathematics, particularly in algebraic topology, Alexander–Spanier cohomology is a cohomology theory for topological spaces. |
Antiparallel vectors Generalizations Vector_direction > Overview > Generalizations In physics, as well as mathematics, a vector is often identified with a tuple of components, or list of numbers, that act as scalar coefficients for a set of basis vectors. When the basis is transformed, for example by rotation or stretc... |
Planetary transit Kepler / K2 Planetary_transit > Missions > Kepler / K2 The Kepler satellite served the Kepler mission between 7 March 2009 and 11 May 2013, where it observed one part of the sky in search of transiting planets within a 115 square degrees of the sky around the Cygnus, Lyra, and Draco constellations. Af... |
Photocatalysis Heterogeneous photocatalysis Photocatalysis > Types of photocatalysis > Heterogeneous photocatalysis The ultimate goal of photocatalyst design is to facilitate reactions of the excited electrons with oxidants to produce reduced products, and/or reactions of the generated holes with reductants to produce ... |
Apex of lung Examination Avian_lungs > Clinical significance > Examination As part of a physical examination in response to respiratory symptoms of shortness of breath, and cough, a lung examination may be carried out. This exam includes palpation and auscultation. The areas of the lungs that can be listened to using a... |
Noble gas compound Applications Noble_gas_compounds > Applications Most applications of noble gas compounds are either as oxidising agents or as a means to store noble gases in a dense form. Xenic acid is a valuable oxidising agent because it has no potential for introducing impurities—xenon is simply liberated as a ga... |
Numerical-value equation Percentages, derivatives and integrals Numerical-value_equation > Concrete numbers and base units > Percentages, derivatives and integrals Percentages are dimensionless quantities, since they are ratios of two quantities with the same dimensions. In other words, the % sign can be read as "hundr... |
Slowly varying function Uniformity of the limiting behaviour Slowly_varying_function > Basic properties > Uniformity of the limiting behaviour Theorem 1. The limit in definitions 1 and 2 is uniform if a is restricted to a compact interval. |
Clamp or split-muff Balance Elastic_coupling > Balance Couplings are normally balanced at the factory prior to being shipped, but they occasionally go out of balance in operation. Balancing can be difficult and expensive, and is normally done only when operating tolerances are such that the effort and the expense are j... |
Usability engineering Summary Usability_engineering Rather than focusing on finding solutions for usability problems—which is the focus of a UX or interaction designer—a usability engineer mainly concentrates on the research phase. In this sense, it is not strictly a design role, and many usability engineers have a bac... |
Stromgren sphere The physics Stromgren_sphere > The physics Very hot stars of the spectral class O or B emit very energetic radiation, especially ultraviolet radiation, which is able to ionize the neutral hydrogen (H I) of the surrounding interstellar medium, so that hydrogen atoms lose their single electrons. This sta... |
Sulfoxide Structure and bonding Sulfoxide > Structure and bonding The double-bond resonance form implies 10 electrons around sulfur (10-S-3 in N-X-L notation). The double-bond character of the S−O bond may be accounted for by donation of electron density into C−S antibonding orbitals ("no-bond" resonance forms in valen... |
Language construct Examples of language constructs Language_construct > Examples of language constructs In PHP print is a language construct. is the same as: In Java a class is written in this format: In C++ a class is written in this format: == References == |
Catalyst Science Discovery Centre Facilities Catalyst_Science_Discovery_Centre > Facilities Family workshops are arranged during school and bank holidays and there is a cafe.The exhibits range from test tubes to a 20-ton cast iron caustic soda finishing vessel, laboratory equipment, and chemical samples. The industrial... |
Phonological loop Logie's elaboration of the visuospatial sketchpad Phonological_loop > Components > Visuo-spatial working memory > Logie's elaboration of the visuospatial sketchpad Logie has proposed that the visuo-spatial sketchpad can be further subdivided into two components: The visual cache, which stores informat... |
Cyanate ion Cyanate ion Cyanate > Cyanate ion The three atoms in a cyanate ion lie on a straight line, giving the ion a linear structure. The electronic structure is described most simply as :Ö̤−C≡N:with a single C−O bond and a triple C≡N bond. (Or more completely as :Ö̤−C≡N: ↔ Ö̤=C=N̤̈ ↔ :O≡C−N̤̈:) The infrared spectr... |
History of speciation Summary History_of_speciation Debate over classification schemes on the mechanisms of speciation and reproductive isolation continue. The 21st century has seen a resurgence in the study of speciation, with new techniques such as molecular phylogenetics and systematics. Speciation has largely been ... |
Substantia nigra Clinical significance Substantia_nigra > Clinical significance The substantia nigra is critical in the development of many diseases and syndromes, including parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. There exist a study showing that high-frequency stimulation delivery to the left substantia nigra can induce... |
Broad-spectrum antibiotics Bacterial targets Broad-spectrum_antibiotics > Bacterial targets Antibiotics are often grouped by their ability to act on different bacterial groups. Although bacteria are biologically classified using taxonomy, disease-causing bacteria have historically been classified by their microscopic a... |
Mucosal immunity Mucosal vaccines Mucosal_immunology > Mucosal vaccines Because of its front-line status within the immune system, the mucosal immune system is being investigated for use in vaccines for various afflictions, including COVID-19, HIV, allergies, poliovirus, influenza A and B, rotavirus, vibrio cholerae an... |
Out-of-kilter algorithm Summary Out-of-kilter_algorithm The out-of-kilter algorithm is an algorithm that computes the solution to the minimum-cost flow problem in a flow network. It was published in 1961 by D. R. Fulkerson and is described here. The analog of steady state flow in a network of nodes and arcs may describ... |
Orbit (celestial mechanics) Kepler's laws Orbit_raising > Newton's laws of motion > Kepler's laws The point on the orbit closest to the attracting body is the periapsis. The point farthest from the attracting body is called the apoapsis. There are also specific terms for orbits about particular bodies; things orbiting ... |
Biological patents Summary Patenting_genes A biological patent is a patent on an invention in the field of biology that by law allows the patent holder to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing the protected invention for a limited period of time. The scope and reach of biological patents vary among j... |
HIV envelope gp120 HIV_envelope > In HIV > gp120 The presence of a co-receptor, CXCR4, is sufficient for this mutant strain to infect human cells. The strain with this phenotype was found to have seven mutations in the sequence coding for gp120 and it is proposed that these mutations induce conformational changes in gp... |
Memory address Physical addresses Memory_addressing > Types > Physical addresses A digital computer's main memory consists of many memory locations. Each memory location has a physical address which is a code. The CPU (or other device) can use the code to access the corresponding memory location. Generally only system ... |
Statistical model selection Two directions of model selection Statistical_model_selection > Two directions of model selection For this goal, it is significantly important that the selected model is not too sensitive to the sample size. Accordingly, an appropriate notion for evaluating model selection is the selection c... |
Vision Pro Development Vision_Pro > History > Development According to leaker Wayne Ma, Apple was originally going to allow macOS software to be dragged from the display to the user's environment, but was scrapped early on due to the limitations of being based on iOS, and noted that the hand-tracking system was not pre... |
VS ribozyme Hypothesis For Evolution of VS Ribozyme VS_ribozyme > Hypothesis For Evolution of VS Ribozyme RNA mediated cleavage and ligation is found in group 1 and group 2 self-splicing RNAs. VS RNA contains many conserved sequence characteristics to group 1 introns. However VS ribozyme splice site is different from g... |
Division by zero Abstract algebra Division_by_zero > Higher mathematics > Abstract algebra In a field, every nonzero element is invertible under multiplication; as above, division poses problems only when attempting to divide by zero. This is likewise true in a skew field (which for this reason is called a division rin... |
Quartic equation Approximate methods Quartic_equation > Alternative methods > Approximate methods The methods described above are, in principle, exact root-finding methods. It is also possible to use successive approximation methods which iteratively converge towards the roots, such as the Durand–Kerner method. Iterati... |
Transversality (mathematics) Smoothness of solution spaces Transversality_(mathematics) > Applications > Smoothness of solution spaces An extremely special case of this is the following: if a differentiable function from reals to the reals has nonzero derivative at a zero of the function, then the zero is simple, i.e. ... |
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Signs and symptoms Lymphocytic_choriomeningitis_virus > Signs and symptoms Meningoencephalitis is characterized by more profound neurological signs such as confusion, drowsiness, sensory abnormalities and motor signs. Under reported complications include myelitis, Guillain–Barré-type syndro... |
Pythagorean triple Descartes' Circle Theorem Pythagorean_triples > Special cases and related equations > Descartes' Circle Theorem For the case of Descartes' circle theorem where all variables are squares, 2 ( a 4 + b 4 + c 4 + d 4 ) = ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 ) 2 {\displaystyle 2(a^{4}+b^{4}+c^{4}+d^{4})=(a^{2}+b^{2}+c... |
Memory cache Latency Hardware_cache > Motivation > Latency A larger resource incurs a significant latency for access – e.g. it can take hundreds of clock cycles for a modern 4 GHz processor to reach DRAM. This is mitigated by reading in large chunks, in the hope that subsequent reads will be from nearby locations. Pred... |
Universal enveloping algebra Casimir operators Universal_enveloping_algebra > Casimir operators {\displaystyle U({\mathfrak {g}}).} From the PBW theorem, it is clear that all central elements are linear combinations of symmetric homogenous polynomials in the basis elements e a {\displaystyle e_{a}} of the Lie algebra. ... |
Kapitza–Dirac effect Explanation Kapitsa–Dirac_effect > Explanation This matter wave diffraction is analogous to optical diffraction of light through a diffraction grating. Another incidence of this effect is the diffraction of ultra-cold (and therefore almost stationary) atoms by an optical lattice that is pulsed on f... |
Canonical representation of a positive integer History Fundamental_Theorem_of_Arithmetic > History Any composite number is measured by some prime number. (In modern terminology: every integer greater than one is divided evenly by some prime number.) Proposition 31 is proved directly by infinite descent. |
Tau proteins Prion-like propagation hypothesis Tau_protein > Clinical significance > Prion-like propagation hypothesis Since tau has yet to be proven to be infectious it is not considered to be a true prion but instead a "prion-like" protein. Much like true prions, pathological tau aggregates have been shown to have th... |
Numerical-value equation Formulation Numerical-value_equation > Formulation The Buckingham π theorem describes how every physically meaningful equation involving n variables can be equivalently rewritten as an equation of n − m dimensionless parameters, where m is the rank of the dimensional matrix. Furthermore, and mo... |
Modulation doping Field effect transistors Modulation_doping > Applications > Field effect transistors Modulation-doped transistors can reach high electrical mobilities and therefore fast operation. A modulation-doped field-effect transistor is known as a MODFET. |
Bloch sphere Definition Bloch_sphere > Definition For mixed states, one considers the density operator. Any two-dimensional density operator ρ can be expanded using the identity I and the Hermitian, traceless Pauli matrices σ → {\displaystyle {\vec {\sigma }}} , ρ = 1 2 ( I + a → ⋅ σ → ) = 1 2 ( 1 0 0 1 ) + a x 2 ( 0 1... |
Vitamin K reaction Background Vitamin_K_reaction > Background In 1929, Henrik Dam discovered Vitamin K, also known as phylloquinone, phytonadione, or phytomenadione, which is a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin K is a family of structures of the aforementioned molecules and is not a single compound. Phytonadione, also known... |
Glycolipid Glycosyltransferases Glycolipid > Metabolism > Glycosyltransferases Enzymes called glycosyltransferases link the saccharide to the lipid molecule, and also play a role in assembling the correct oligosaccharide so that the right receptor can be activated on the cell which responds to the presence of the glyco... |
Disc filter Summary Disk_filter A disc filter is a type of water filter used primarily in irrigation, similar to a screen filter, except that the filter cartridge is made of a number of plastic discs stacked on top of each other like a pile of poker chips. Each disc is covered with small grooves or bumps. The discs (or... |
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