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Earthquake environmental effects Summary Earthquake_environmental_effects Earthquake environmental effects are divided into two main types: Primary effects: which are the surface expression of the seismogenic source (e.g., surface faulting), normally observed for crustal earthquakes above a given magnitude threshold (t... |
Neural networks Neuroscience Neural_networks > Neuroscience Theoretical and computational neuroscience is the field concerned with the analysis and computational modeling of biological neural systems. Since neural systems are intimately related to cognitive processes and behaviour, the field is closely related to cogni... |
Spacecraft flight dynamics Attitude control Spacecraft_flight_dynamics > Attitude control Newton's second law, applied to rotational rather than linear motion, becomes: where τ x {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\tau }}_{x}} is the net torque about an axis of rotation exerted on the vehicle, Ix is its moment of inertia abo... |
WKB approximation Approximation away from the turning points Liouville–Green_method > Application to the Schrödinger equation > Approximation away from the turning points The wavefunction can be rewritten as the exponential of another function Φ (closely related to the action), which could be complex, so that where Φ' ... |
Lord Kelvin Thermodynamics Lord_Kelvin > Early life and work > Thermodynamics During his rewriting, he seems to have considered ideas that would subsequently give rise to the second law of thermodynamics. In Carnot's theory, lost heat was absolutely lost but Thomson contended that it was "lost to man irrecoverably; but... |
General Relativity (book) Assessment General_Relativity_(book) > Assessment However, its quality is very variable. Topics such as geodetic motion in the Schwarzschild metric, the Krushkal extension, and energy extraction from black holes, are handled well while empirical tests of Einstein's theory are barely scratched ... |
Kelvin–Stokes theorem Maxwell's equations Kelvin-Stokes_theorem > Applications > Maxwell's equations In the physics of electromagnetism, Stokes' theorem provides the justification for the equivalence of the differential form of the Maxwell–Faraday equation and the Maxwell–Ampère equation and the integral form of these ... |
Kathleen Collins (scientist) Research and career Kathleen_Collins_(scientist) > Research and career The telomere prevents the chromosomes from fusing. Most cells turn off telomerase, restricting their proliferation, whilst cancer cells activate telomerase and encourage cell division. In 2018 Collins reported the most d... |
Cross training In general sports Cross_training > In general sports Cross-training in sports and fitness involves combining exercises to work various parts of the body. Often one particular activity works certain muscle groups, but not others; cross-training aims to eliminate this imbalance. |
Bloom (shader effect) Imperfect Focus Bloom_(shader_effect) > Theory > Imperfect Focus The Airy disc function falls off very quickly but has very wide tails (actually, infinitely wide tails). As long as the brightness of adjacent parts of the image are roughly in the same range, the effect of the blurring caused by the... |
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cytokinesis Fission_yeast > Cytokinesis The general features of cytokinesis are shown here. The site of cell division is determined before anaphase. The anaphase spindle (in green on the figure) is then positioned so that the segregated chromosomes are on opposite sides of the predetermined cl... |
Classic RISC pipeline Control hazards Classic_RISC_pipeline > Hazards > Control hazards Delayed branches have been criticized as a poor short-term choice in ISA design: Compilers typically have some difficulty finding logically independent instructions to place after the branch (the instruction after the branch is call... |
Polarization identity Derivation Polarization_identities > Applications and consequences > Derivation The basic relation between the norm and the dot product is given by the equation Then and similarly Forms (1) and (2) of the polarization identity now follow by solving these equations for u ⋅ v , {\displaystyle {\text... |
Chromosome instability Degenerating telomeres Chromosome_instability > How Chromosome instability is generated > Degenerating telomeres The key difference is the presence of a functional p53 damage response. When tumor cells have a mutation in p53 that results in a non-functional protein, telomeres can continue to shor... |
"grill" method Top sheet "grill"_method > Grill > Top sheet The rotor maps c into j and it maps k into m. If we ignore steckers for the moment, that means permutation Q would interchange (j m). For Q to be consistent, it must be the same for all six A B C D E F permutations. Look at the grill near permutation D to chec... |
Beer Brewing Beer > Brewing The process of filtering the spent grain from the wort and sparge water is called wort separation. The traditional process for wort separation is lautering, in which the grain bed itself serves as the filter medium. Some modern breweries prefer the use of filter frames, which allow for a mor... |
High dynamic range rendering Light bloom High-dynamic-range_rendering > Limitations and compensations > Light bloom Light blooming is the result of scattering in the human lens, which human brain interprets as a bright spot in a scene. For example, a bright light in the background will appear to bleed over onto objects... |
16 (number) Age 16 16_(number) > Age 16 It is a coming of age celebration that traditionally marks a girl's transition into womanhood. 16 is the minimum age that one can leave school in many states of the United States and Canada (however, restrictions apply and vary depending on state or province). |
Relative entropy Relation to other quantities of information theory Principle_of_Minimum_Discrimination_Information > Relation to other quantities of information theory Many of the other quantities of information theory can be interpreted as applications of relative entropy to specific cases. |
Kinematics Relative acceleration Relative_movement > Velocity and speed > Relative acceleration We also know that Δ r = ∫ v d t {\textstyle \Delta r=\int v\,{\text{d}}t} or Δ r {\displaystyle \Delta r} is the area under a velocity–time graph. We can take Δ r {\displaystyle \Delta r} by adding the top area and the botto... |
Shear strength (soil) Undrained strength Shear_strength_(soil) > Undrained strength An example of this is rapid loading of sands during an earthquake, or the failure of a clay slope during heavy rain, and applies to most failures that occur during construction. As an implication of undrained condition, no elastic volum... |
Friction loss Calculating volumetric flow Friction_loss > Calculating volumetric flow S = h f L = 1 ρ g Δ p L . {\displaystyle S={\frac {h_{f}}{L}}={\frac {1}{\rho \mathrm {g} }}{\frac {\Delta p}{L}}.} where ρ = density of the fluid, (SI kg / m3) g = the local acceleration due to gravity; |
Instrumentation in petrochemical industries Other instrumentation Instrumentation_in_petrochemical_industries > Other instrumentation Packaged items of equipment (compressors, diesel engines, electricity generators, etc) are fitted with local vendor supplied instrumentation. When equipment malfunctions a multivariable ... |
Breathing gases Oxygen therapy Breathing_air > Medical breathing gases > Oxygen therapy Oxygen can be given in a number of ways including nasal cannula, face mask, and inside a hyperbaric chamber.High concentrations of oxygen can cause oxygen toxicity such as lung damage or result in respiratory failure in those who ar... |
Anaerobic glycolysis Summary Anaerobic_glycolysis Anaerobic glycolysis is the transformation of glucose to lactate when limited amounts of oxygen (O2) are available. Anaerobic glycolysis is only an effective means of energy production during short, intense exercise, providing energy for a period ranging from 10 seconds... |
Causal AI Summary Causal_AI Professor Bareinboim’s research focuses on causal and counterfactual inference and their applications to data-driven fields in the health and social sciences as well as artificial intelligence and machine learning. Technological research and consulting firm Gartner for the first time include... |
Laser Cooling Doppler cooling Laser_cooled > Methods > Doppler cooling Doppler cooling, which is usually accompanied by a magnetic trapping force to give a magneto-optical trap, is by far the most common method of laser cooling. It is used to cool low density gases down to the Doppler cooling limit, which for rubidium-... |
Oval BA Chemical composition Oval_BA > Chemical composition The reason for this low abundance is not entirely understood, but some of the helium may have condensed into the core of Jupiter. This condensation is likely to be in the form of helium rain: as hydrogen turns into the metallic state at depths of more than 10,... |
Group dynamics Types of groups Group_dynamics > Intragroup dynamics > Types of groups For example, in an experiment, participants were asked to sort a number of groups into categories based on their own criteria. Examples of groups to be sorted were a sports team, a family, people at a bus stop and women. It was found ... |
Java Native Interface Performance Java_Native_Interface > Performance If the method is passed an object, or needs to make a callback, then the native method will likely be making its own calls to the JVM. Accessing Java fields, methods and types from the native code requires something similar to reflection. Signatures ... |
Wifi Protected Setup Modes Wifi_Protected_Setup > Modes The standard emphasizes usability and security, and allows four modes in a home network for adding a new device to the network: PIN method In which a PIN has to be read from either a sticker or display on the new wireless device. This PIN must then be entered at t... |
Spontaneously hypertensive rat Blood pressure in SHR depends on the kidney Spontaneously_hypertensive_rat > Blood pressure in SHR depends on the kidney Hypertensive development is somehow connected to the kidney. Transplanting a kidney from SHR to a normotensive Wistar rat increases blood pressure in the recipient. Con... |
Tropospheric ozone Summary Ground-level_ozone With more heat and sunlight in the summer months, more ozone is formed which is why regions often experience higher levels of pollution in the summer months. Although the same molecule, ground-level ozone can be harmful to human health, unlike stratospheric ozone that prote... |
Data quality Overview Data_quality > Overview It might be able to manage "householding", or finding links between spouses at the same address, for example. Finally, it often can build a "best of breed" record, taking the best components from multiple data sources and building a single super-record. Monitoring - keeping... |
Unsaturated fatty acid Essential fatty acids Saturated_fatty_acid > Circulation > Metabolism > Essential fatty acids Fatty acids that are required for good health but cannot be made in sufficient quantity from other substrates, and therefore must be obtained from food, are called essential fatty acids. There are two se... |
Ozone generator Low level ozone in urban areas Oxygen_3 > Ozone in Earth's atmosphere > Low level ozone > Low level ozone in urban areas Of course there are also other reasons that ozone levels remain high. These include: a growing population meaning more car emissions, and the mountains along the NCFR that can trap em... |
Hill reaction Biochemistry Hill_reaction > Biochemistry Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is absorbed and converted to chemical energy. This chemical energy is eventually used in the conversion of carbon dioxide to sugar in plants. |
Mutually recursive Summary Mutually_recursive In mathematics and computer science, mutual recursion is a form of recursion where two mathematical or computational objects, such as functions or datatypes, are defined in terms of each other. Mutual recursion is very common in functional programming and in some problem do... |
Adversarial machine learning HopSkipJump Attack Adversarial_machine_learning > Specific attack types > Adversarial examples > Black box attacks > HopSkipJump Attack This black box attack was also proposed as a query efficient attack, but one that relies solely on access to any input's predicted output class. In other w... |
Virtual leak S Glossary_of_engineering:_M–Z > S Stefan–Boltzmann lawThe Stefan–Boltzmann law describes the power radiated from a black body in terms of its temperature. Specifically, the Stefan–Boltzmann law states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body across all wavelengths per unit time... |
Droop speed control Summary Droop_speed_control Droop speed control is a control mode used for AC electrical power generators, whereby the power output of a generator reduces as the line frequency increases. It is commonly used as the speed control mode of the governor of a prime mover driving a synchronous generator c... |
Higher-order function Direct support Higher_order_function > Support in programming languages > Direct support The examples are not intended to compare and contrast programming languages, but to serve as examples of higher-order function syntax In the following examples, the higher-order function twice takes a function... |
Spline curve Examples Spline_curve > Examples It is also called a step function. The next most simple spline has degree 1. It is also called a linear spline. |
Magical formula Formulae Magical_formula > Formulae HRILIU. used in Liber XV, The Gnostic Mass. |
History of calculus Greece History_of_calculus > Early precursors of calculus > Ancient > Greece Archimedes developed this method further, while also inventing heuristic methods which resemble modern day concepts somewhat in his The Quadrature of the Parabola, The Method, and On the Sphere and Cylinder. It should not b... |
Linear vector space Related concepts Real_vector_space > Related concepts Coordinate vector, the n-tuple of the coordinates of a vector on a basis of n elements. For a vector space over a field F, these n-tuples form the vector space F n {\displaystyle F^{n}} (where the operation are pointwise addition and scalar multi... |
Hemorrhagic transformation Signs and symptoms Hemorrhagic_transformation > Signs and symptoms Signs and symptoms can vary depending on the severity and location of the bleeding within the brain tissue. In the medical literature, various criteria have been used to establish whether a hemorrhagic infarction is symptomati... |
Frozen section procedure Summary Frozen_section_procedure When operating on a previously confirmed malignancy, the main purpose of the pathologist is to inform the surgeon if the resection margin is clear of residual cancer, or if residual cancer is present at the resection margin. The method of processing is usually d... |
Decarboxylation reaction Hydrodecarboxylation Decarboxylation_reaction > In organic chemistry > Hydrodecarboxylation The reaction involves the conjugate base of the carboxyl group, a carboxylate ion, and an unsaturated receptor of electron density, such as a protonated carbonyl group. Where reactions entail heating the... |
Primer extension Summary Primer_extension Unlike S1 mapping, however, primer extension can only be used to locate the 5’-end of an mRNA transcript because the DNA synthesis required for the assay relies on reverse transcriptase (only polymerizes in the 5’ → 3’ direction). Primer extension is unaffected by splice sites ... |
℞ Drug equivalence and non-substitution ℞ > Contents > Drug equivalence and non-substitution Many brand name drugs have cheaper generic drug substitutes that are therapeutically and biochemically equivalent. Prescriptions will also contain instructions on whether the prescriber will allow the pharmacist to substitute a... |
Social construction of technology Symmetry Social_construction_of_technology > Legacy of the Strong Programme in the sociology of science > Symmetry A weak reading of the Principle of Symmetry points out that there often are many competing theories or technologies, which all have the potential to provide slightly diffe... |
Cystic kidney disease Summary Cystic_kidney_disease Renal cysts have been reported in more than 50% of patients over the age of 50. Typically, cysts grow up to 2.88 mm annually and may cause related pain and/or hemorrhage.Of the cystic kidney diseases, the most common is polycystic kidney disease with two sub-types: th... |
Tachyonic antitelephone Paradoxes Tachyonic_antitelephone > Paradoxes Then the exchange of messages will take place if and only if it does not take place. This is a genuine paradox, a causal contradiction. They concluded that superluminal particles such as tachyons are therefore not allowed to convey signals. |
Ohm metre Ideal case Electrically_conductive > Definition > Ideal case In a hydraulic analogy, passing current through a high-resistivity material is like pushing water through a pipe full of sand - while passing current through a low-resistivity material is like pushing water through an empty pipe. If the pipes are th... |
Crowds (anonymity network) Definitions Crowds_(anonymity_network) > Definitions Crowds uses and defines the following terms: Sender The initiator of a message Receiver The final recipient of a message Probable Innocence The attacker is unable to have greater than 50% confidence that any node initiated the message (a no... |
Spectral theory Summary Spectral_theory In mathematics, spectral theory is an inclusive term for theories extending the eigenvector and eigenvalue theory of a single square matrix to a much broader theory of the structure of operators in a variety of mathematical spaces. It is a result of studies of linear algebra and ... |
Body image law Summary Body_image_law Body image law is the developing area of law that, according to Dr Marilyn Bromberg of the University of Western Australia Law School and Cindy Halliwell, a law student at Deakin University, "encompasses the bills, laws and government actions (such as establishing parliamentary inq... |
Finite resource Nuclear fuels Non-renewable_fuel > Nuclear fuels In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) classified fission reactors that produce more fissile nuclear fuel than they consume (i.e. breeder reactors) among conventional renewable energy sources, such as solar and falling water. ... |
Parallel programming model Terminology Parallel_programming_model > Terminology Parallel programming models are closely related to models of computation. A model of parallel computation is an abstraction used to analyze the cost of computational processes, but it does not necessarily need to be practical, in that it ca... |
Boxer shorts Design Boxer_shorts > Design There are two types of yoke boxers: one in which there is a short piece of elastic on each side of the waistband which snugs up the yoke to fit the waist; and "tie-sides" which have narrow cloth tapes on each side of the waist yoke, like strings, which are tightened and knotted... |
Power beaming Field regions Wireless_energy_transfer > Field regions Electric and magnetic fields are created by charged particles in matter such as electrons. A stationary charge creates an electrostatic field in the space around it. A steady current of charges (direct current, DC) creates a static magnetic field arou... |
Glycemic control Summary Glycemic_control Other forms of diabetes mellitus, such as the various forms of maturity-onset diabetes of the young, may represent some combination of insufficient insulin production and insulin resistance. Some degree of insulin resistance may also be present in a person with type 1 diabetes.... |
Accessibility of telehealth services Summary Accessibility_of_telehealth_services Accessibility of telehealth services or F.780.2 is a technical standard developed by the World Health Organization and ITU (Study Group 16) that defines accessibility requirements for technical features to be used and implemented by gover... |
Vascular rings Diagnosis Aortic_ring > Diagnosis Infants with vascular rings typically present before 12 months with respiratory or esophageal symptoms like stridor, wheezing, cough, dysphagia, or difficulty feeding. The stridor improves with neck extension, differentiating from laryngomalacia which is relieved by pron... |
Artificial Neural Networks History Parameter_(machine_learning) > History This provided more processing power for the development of practical artificial neural networks in the 1980s.Neural networks' early successes included predicting the stock market and in 1995 a (mostly) self-driving car.Geoffrey Hinton et al. (200... |
Statistical proof Test and proof Statistical_proof > Test and proof Researchers sample from populations, which provide estimates of the parameters, to calculate the mean or standard deviation. If the entire population is sampled, then the sample statistic mean and distribution will converge with the parametric distribu... |
Environmental stresses Biology of stress General_adaptation_syndrome > Biology of stress The ANS receives inputs from the medulla, hypothalamus, limbic system, prefrontal cortex, midbrain and monoamine nuclei.The activity of the sympathetic nervous system drives what is called the "fight or flight" response. The fight ... |
Comma category Summary Comma_category In mathematics, a comma category (a special case being a slice category) is a construction in category theory. It provides another way of looking at morphisms: instead of simply relating objects of a category to one another, morphisms become objects in their own right. This notion ... |
Vitamin E Cardiovascular diseases Vitamin_E > Research > Cardiovascular diseases The problem with observational studies is that these cannot confirm a relation between the lower risk of coronary heart disease and vitamin E consumption because of confounding factors. Diet higher in vitamin E may also be higher in other,... |
Loop-based music software Modern looping Music_loop > Modern looping Today, many musicians use digital hardware and software devices to create and modify loops, often in conjunction with various electronic musical effects. A loop can be created by a looper pedal, a device that records the signal from a guitar or other ... |
Arithmetic circuit Algebraic P and NP Arithmetic_circuit > Algebraic P and NP One of the basic notions in complexity theory is the notion of completeness. Given a class of polynomials (such as VP or VNP), a complete polynomial f {\displaystyle f} for this class is a polynomial with two properties: (1) it is part of the... |
Mini PCIE Transaction layer PCI_express_card > Hardware protocol summary > Transaction layer The advantage of this scheme (compared to other methods such as wait states or handshake-based transfer protocols) is that the latency of credit return does not affect performance, provided that the credit limit is not encounte... |
Composition of Mars Sedimentary rocks Composition_of_Mars > Mineralogy and petrology > Sedimentary rocks Layered sedimentary deposits are widespread on Mars. These deposits probably consist of both sedimentary rock and poorly indurated or unconsolidated sediments. Thick sedimentary deposits occur in the interior of sev... |
DNA oxidation Potential factors for RNA quality control DNA_oxidation > Potential factors for RNA quality control This theory is upheld by the fact that level of oxidized RNA decreases after removal of the oxidative challenge. Some potential factors include ribonucleases, which are suspected to selectively degrade dama... |
Ungula Cylindrical ungula Ungula > Cylindrical ungula A cylindrical ungula of base radius r and height h has volume V = 2 3 r 2 h {\displaystyle V={2 \over 3}r^{2}h} ,.Its total surface area is A = 1 2 π r 2 + 1 2 π r r 2 + h 2 + 2 r h {\displaystyle A={1 \over 2}\pi r^{2}+{1 \over 2}\pi r{\sqrt {r^{2}+h^{2}}}+2rh} ,th... |
Digestate Summary Anaerobic_digestate Digestate is the material remaining after the anaerobic digestion (decomposition under low oxygen conditions) of a biodegradable feedstock. Anaerobic digestion produces two main products: digestate and biogas. Digestate is produced both by acidogenesis and methanogenesis and each h... |
Continuously differentiable Differentiability and continuity Differentiable_map > Differentiability and continuity Most functions that occur in practice have derivatives at all points or at almost every point. However, a result of Stefan Banach states that the set of functions that have a derivative at some point is a ... |
Bondi k-calculus Bondi's k-factor Bondi_k-calculus > Bondi's k-factor : 40 If Alice and Bob were to swap roles, and Bob sent flashes of light to Alice, the Principle of Relativity (Einstein's first postulate) implies that the k-factor from Bob to Alice would be the same value as the k-factor from Alice to Bob, as all i... |
Tucker's lemma Run-time Tucker's_lemma > Run-time The run-time of the algorithm described above is polynomial in the triangulation size. This is considered bad, since the triangulations might be very large. It would be desirable to find an algorithm which is logarithmic in the triangulation size. However, the problem o... |
Antiarrhythmic agent Class IV agents Antiarrhythmic_agent > Vaughan Williams classification > Class IV agents Class IV agents are slow non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. They decrease conduction through the AV node, and shorten phase two (the plateau) of the cardiac action potential. They thus reduce the con... |
Continuous Fourier transform Distributions, one-dimensional Fourier_transformations > Tables of important Fourier transforms > Functional relationships, one-dimensional The Fourier transforms in this table may be found in Erdélyi (1954) or Kammler (2000, appendix). |
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering R Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering > R recursive least squares filterAn algorithm for a digital filter system. Reed switchAn electrical switch made of two thin strips of ferromagnetic metal, which touch when subject to a magnetic field. regenerative b... |
Causal Markov condition Summary Causal_Markov_condition This also means that a node is conditionally independent of the entire network, given its Markov blanket. The related Causal Markov (CM) condition states that, conditional on the set of all its direct causes, a node is independent of all variables which are not ef... |
Riparian buffer Habitat benefits Riparian_buffer > Benefits > Habitat benefits The large trees in the first zone of the riparian buffer provide shade and therefore cooling for the water, increasing productivity and increasing habitat quality for aquatic species. When branches and stumps (large woody debris) fall into t... |
Accuracy paradox Summary Accuracy_paradox Precision and recall are better measures in such cases. The underlying issue is that there is a class imbalance between the positive class and the negative class. Prior probabilities for these classes need to be accounted for in error analysis. Precision and recall help, but pr... |
Philopatry Speciation Philopatry > Natal philopatry > Consequences of philopatry > Speciation Genetic homogeneity can be attributed to one of two explanations, both of which indicate that natal philopatry is not absolute within a species. Firstly, a lack of divergence may be due to founder effects, which explains how i... |
Stable Diffusion ControlNet Stable_Diffusion > Capabilities > ControlNet The "zero convolution" is a 1×1 convolution with both weight and bias initialized to zero. Before training, all zero convolutions produce zero output, preventing any distortion caused by ControlNet. No layer is trained from scratch; the process is... |
Short interfering RNA Post-transcriptional gene silencing Short_interfering_RNA > Post-transcriptional gene silencing The siRNA-induced post transcriptional gene silencing is initiated by the assembly of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The complex silences certain gene expression by cleaving the mRNA molecule... |
Generative pre-trained transformer Initial developments Generative_pre-trained_transformer > History > Initial developments Generative pretraining (GP) was a long-established concept in machine learning applications, but the transformer architecture was not available until 2017 when it was invented by employees at Goog... |
Raven paradox Orthodox approach Raven_paradox > Proposed resolutions > Rejections of Hempel's equivalence condition > Orthodox approach This contrasts with the Bayesian approach, which requires that the hypothesis be assigned a prior probability, which is revised in the light of the observed data to obtain the final pr... |
Membrane structure Literature Membrane_structure > Literature ETFE, Technology and Design, Annette LeCuyer, Verlag Birkhäuser, ISBN 978-3-7643-8563-7 Membrane Structures, Hrsg. Klaus-Michael Koch, Verlag Prestel, ISBN 978-3-7913-3049-5 |
Hex editor Summary Hexadecimal_editor A hex editor (or binary file editor or byte editor) is a computer program that allows for manipulation of the fundamental binary data that constitutes a computer file. The name 'hex' comes from 'hexadecimal', a standard numerical format for representing binary data. A typical compu... |
Cellular aging Summary Cellular_death PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and animal tissue development. Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death. Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. |
Fisher's geometric model Conceptualization Fisher's_geometric_model > Conceptualization The more independent dimensions of variation the phenotype has, the more difficult is improvement resulting from random changes. If there are many different ways to change a phenotype it becomes very unlikely that a random change af... |
Heat load Summary Thermal_stress In mechanics and thermodynamics, thermal stress is mechanical stress created by any change in temperature of a material. These stresses can lead to fracturing or plastic deformation depending on the other variables of heating, which include material types and constraints. Temperature gr... |
Aquatic sciences Limnology Aquatic_sciences > Limnology In order to increase their understanding of what they are studying, limnologists employ three main study techniques. The first study technique has to do with observations. Limnologists make descriptive observations of conditions and note how those conditions have ... |
Egocentric vision Applications Egocentric_vision > Applications A collection of studies published in a special theme issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine has demonstrated the potential of lifelogs captured through wearable cameras from a number of viewpoints. In particular, it has been shown that used a... |
Carbonate rocks Summary Carbonate_rock Carbonate rocks are a class of sedimentary rocks composed primarily of carbonate minerals. The two major types are limestone, which is composed of calcite or aragonite (different crystal forms of CaCO3), and dolomite rock (also known as dolostone), which is composed of mineral dol... |
Aircraft stability Spiral mode trajectory Aircraft_flight_dynamics > Stability > Dynamic stability and control > Lateral modes > Spiral mode > Spiral mode trajectory In studying the trajectory, it is the direction of the velocity vector, rather than that of the body, which is of interest. The direction of the velocity ... |
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