page_content stringlengths 51 3.15k |
|---|
Solid Concepts Products and technologies Solid_Concepts > Products and technologies Their additive manufacturing services include Stereolithography (SLA), PolyJet, Z-Corp Color 3D Prints, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). The company also provides... |
Artificial Intelligence Cold War Shortcomings of the AI Cold War narrative Artificial_Intelligence_Cold_War > Shortcomings of the AI Cold War narrative Concerns have been expressed by academics and observers about the validity and soundness of the AI Cold War narrative. Denise Garzia expressed concern in Nature that th... |
Even function Multiplication and division Even_functions > Basic properties > Multiplication and division The product of two even functions is an even function. That implies that product of any number of even functions is an even function as well. The product of two odd functions is an even function. |
Sex evolution Increased resistance to parasites Tangled_bank_hypothesis > Advantages of sex and sexual reproduction > Increased resistance to parasites As parasite infections increased, the once plentiful clones dwindled dramatically in number. Some clonal types disappeared entirely. |
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy Mechanism Hyperthermic_intraperitoneal_chemotherapy > Mechanism Infused chemotherapy diffuses from the intraperitoneal fluid into tissue, interstitial space, and plasma, similar to peritoneal dialysis. The plasma-peritoneum barrier prevents systemic absorption of the chemothera... |
Numerical-value equation History Numerical-value_equation > History The origins of dimensional analysis have been disputed by historians. The first written application of dimensional analysis has been credited to François Daviet, a student of Lagrange, in a 1799 article at the Turin Academy of Science.This led to the c... |
Thermodynamic free energy Summary Free_energy_(thermodynamics) The free energy is the portion of any first-law energy that is available to perform thermodynamic work at constant temperature, i.e., work mediated by thermal energy. Free energy is subject to irreversible loss in the course of such work. Since first-law en... |
Forensic seismology Seismic detection of nuclear detonations Forensic_seismology > Seismic detection of nuclear detonations The development of efficient algorithms for nuclear detonation detection has led to many advancements in other fields such as kriging, an advanced method of interpolation used primarily in geostat... |
Mayer–Vietoris sequence Summary Mayer-Vietoris_sequence It is a natural long exact sequence, whose entries are the (co)homology groups of the whole space, the direct sum of the (co)homology groups of the subspaces, and the (co)homology groups of the intersection of the subspaces. The Mayer–Vietoris sequence holds for a... |
Scale-invariant feature transform Keypoint descriptor Scale-invariant_feature_transform > Algorithm > Keypoint descriptor The magnitudes are further weighted by a Gaussian function with σ {\displaystyle \sigma } equal to one half the width of the descriptor window. The descriptor then becomes a vector of all the values... |
Casimir forces Generalities Casimir_Force > Generalities More interesting is the understanding that the sums over the energies of standing waves should be formally understood as sums over the eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian. This allows atomic and molecular effects, such as the Van der Waals force, to be understood as a v... |
Shannon information theory Integrated process organization of neural information Shannon_information_theory > Applications to other fields > Integrated process organization of neural information Quantitative information theoretic methods have been applied in cognitive science to analyze the integrated process organizat... |
Beam balance Torsion balance Weighing_scale > Pan balance > Mechanical balances > Torsion balance The scale must still use a calibration weight to compare against, and can weigh objects greater than 120 mg and come within a margin of error +/- 7 mg. Many microbalances and ultra-microbalances that weigh fractional gram ... |
Public key fingerprint Public key fingerprints in practice Key_fingerprint > Public key fingerprints in practice In systems such as CGA or SFS and most cryptographic peer-to-peer networks, fingerprints are embedded into pre-existing address and name formats (such as IPv6 addresses, file names or other identification st... |
Rice theorem Formal proof Rice_theorem > Proof by reduction from the halting problem > Formal proof For the formal proof, algorithms are presumed to define partial functions over strings and are themselves represented by strings. The partial function computed by the algorithm represented by a string a is denoted Fa. Th... |
Oracle Advanced Queuing Summary Oracle_Advanced_Queuing As of Oracle release 10.1, AQ is integrated into Oracle Streams, and is called "Oracle Streams AQ". As of Oracle release 12.1, Oracle Streams is deprecated and AQ is again named just "Oracle AQ". Oracle AQ is used as the internal Java Message Service provider in t... |
Multiprocessor system on a chip Structure Multi-processor_system-on-chip > Structure A multiprocessor system on a chip must by definition have multiple processor cores. MPSoCs often contain multiple logically distinct processor modules as well. Additionally, MPSoCs typically contain: Memory blocks, often using scratchp... |
Vibrational band Summary Vibronic_band The intensity of allowed vibronic transitions is governed by the Franck–Condon principle. Vibronic spectroscopy may provide information, such as bond length, on electronic excited states of stable molecules. It has also been applied to the study of unstable molecules such as dicar... |
Puncture resistance Summary Puncture_resistance Puncture resistance denotes the relative ability of a material or object to inhibit the intrusion of a foreign object. This is defined by a test method, regulation, or technical specification. It can be measured in several ways ranging from a slow controlled puncture to a... |
A New Kind of Science Mapping and mining the computational universe A_New_Kind_of_Science > Contents > Mapping and mining the computational universe In order to study simple rules and their often-complex behaviour, Wolfram argues that it is necessary to systematically explore all of these computational systems and docu... |
Rohloff Speedhub Summary Rohloff_Speedhub The Rohloff Speedhub is an epicyclic internal hub gear for bicycles, developed and patented by Rohloff AG. It has been manufactured and marketed by that company since 1998. The Speedhub 500/14 has 14 equally spaced, sequential, non-overlapping gear ratios operated by a single t... |
Autoimmune diseases Diagnosis Autoimmune_conditions > Diagnosis Diagnosing autoimmune disorders can be complex due to the wide range of diseases within this category and their often overlapping symptoms. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for determining appropriate treatment strategies. Generally, the diagnostic process in... |
System Ten Summary System_Ten The partition would respond to CPU I/O instructions to retrieve and transfer data in bursts from terminal devices to main memory, there were no small or single character transfers of data to reduce the demand for access to the processor memory. The processor would cycle through each partit... |
Siderophile element Atmophile elements Lithophile_element > Atmophile elements The atmophile elements are: H, C, N and the noble gases.Atmophile elements (also called "volatile elements") are defined as those that remain mostly on or above the surface because they are, or occur in, liquids and/or gases at temperatures ... |
Linked list Linked list operations Linked_lists > Linked list operations When manipulating linked lists in-place, care must be taken to not use values that you have invalidated in previous assignments. This makes algorithms for inserting or deleting linked list nodes somewhat subtle. This section gives pseudocode for a... |
Colour of chemicals Summary Colour_of_chemicals The color of chemicals is a physical property of chemicals that in most cases comes from the excitation of electrons due to an absorption of energy performed by the chemical. What is seen by the eye is not the color absorbed, but the complementary color from the removal o... |
Obligate anaerobe Energy metabolism Obligate_anaerobe > Energy metabolism Examples of alternative electron acceptors include sulfate, nitrate, iron, manganese, mercury, and carbon monoxide.Fermentation differs from anaerobic respiration in that the pyruvate generated from glycolysis is broken down without the involveme... |
Immunoglobulin A Serum IgA Immunoglobulin_A > Physiology > Serum IgA In the blood, IgA interacts with an Fc receptor called FcαRI (or CD89), which is expressed on immune effector cells, to initiate inflammatory reactions. Ligation of FcαRI by IgA containing immune complexes causes antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytot... |
Bitcoin Decentralization Bitcoin > Decentralization Bitcoin is decentralized thus: Bitcoin does not have a central authority. The bitcoin network is peer-to-peer, without central servers. The network also has no central storage; the bitcoin ledger is distributed. The ledger is public; anybody can store it on a computer... |
Principle of Optimality Analytical concepts in dynamic programming Principle_of_Optimality > Analytical concepts in dynamic programming Choosing the control variables now may be equivalent to choosing the next state; more generally, the next state is affected by other factors in addition to the current control. For exa... |
Meningococcal disease History and etymology Meningococcal_septicaemia > History and etymology From the Greek meninx (membrane) + kokkos (berry), meningococcal disease was first described by Gaspard Vieusseux during an outbreak in Geneva in 1805. In 1884, Italian pathologists Ettore Marchiafava and Angelo Celli describe... |
Giant cell arteritis Signs and symptoms Giant-cell_arteritis > Signs and symptoms Common symptoms of giant cell arteritis include: bruits fever headache tenderness and sensitivity on the scalp jaw claudication (pain in jaw when chewing) tongue claudication (pain in tongue when chewing) and necrosis reduced visual acuit... |
Data integrity Types of integrity constraints Data_integrity > Databases > Types of integrity constraints Domain integrity specifies that all columns in a relational database must be declared upon a defined domain. The primary unit of data in the relational data model is the data item. Such data items are said to be no... |
Diabetes management Medications Glycemic_control > Lifestyle modification > Medications Weight reduction and exercise improve tissue sensitivity to insulin and allow its proper use by target tissues. Patients who have poor diabetic control after lifestyle modifications are typically placed on oral hypoglycemics. |
NOP (code) Machine language instructions NOP_(code) > Machine language instructions A NOP must not access memory, as that could cause a memory fault or page fault. A NOP is most commonly used for timing purposes, to force memory alignment, to prevent hazards, to occupy a branch delay slot, to render void an existing in... |
Electricity generator Linear electric generator Electric_generator > Specialised types of generator > Alternating current (AC) > Linear electric generator In the simplest form of linear electric generator, a sliding magnet moves back and forth through a solenoid - a copper wire or a coil. An alternating current is indu... |
Multiple coil magnet Summary Multiple_coil_magnet An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. Electromagnets usually consist of wire wound into a coil. A current through the wire creates a magnetic field which is concentrated in the hole in the center of the coil... |
Quartic polynomial Reducible quartics Quartic_equations > Solution > Simpler cases > Reducible quartics {\displaystyle Q(x)=(c_{2}x^{2}+c_{1}x+c_{0})(d_{2}x^{2}+d_{1}x+d_{0}).} In either case, the roots of Q(x) are the roots of the factors, which may be computed using the formulas for the roots of a quadratic function ... |
Capacity theory Viewer characteristics Capacity_theory > Three basic components of the capacity model > Processing of narrative content > Viewer characteristics Viewer's prior knowledge – if an individual is familiar with the narrative content, such as knowing the characters or storyline, then cognitive demand will be ... |
ISO/IEC 11179 Structure of an ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registry ISO/IEC_11179 > Structure of an ISO/IEC 11179 metadata registry It does not refer to the description of physical files, tables and columns. The ISO/IEC 11179 constructs are "semantic" as opposed to "physical" or "technical". The standard has two main purpose... |
Warfarin sodium History Warfarin_sodium > History However, coumarins themselves do not influence clotting or warfarin-like action, but must first be metabolized by various fungi into compounds such as 4-hydroxycoumarin, then further (in the presence of naturally occurring formaldehyde) into dicoumarol, to have any anti... |
Refraction Explanation for bending of light as it enters and exits a medium Refraction > Light > General explanation > Explanation for bending of light as it enters and exits a medium If the speed is decreased, such as in the figure to the right, the wavelength will also decrease. With an angle between the wave fronts ... |
ARM architectures CPU modes ARM_NEON > 32-bit architecture > CPU modes Undefined mode: A privileged mode that is entered whenever an undefined instruction exception occurs. System mode (ARMv4 and above): The only privileged mode that is not entered by an exception. It can only be entered by executing an instruction tha... |
Intelligent Artificial Intelligent > Artificial Progress in artificial intelligence can be demonstrated in benchmarks ranging from games to practical tasks such as protein folding. Existing AI lags humans in terms of general intelligence, which is sometimes defined as the "capacity to learn how to carry out a huge rang... |
Amortising swap Summary Amortising_swap An Amortising swap is usually an interest rate swap in which the notional principal for the interest payments declines (i.e. is paid down) during the life of the swap, perhaps at a rate tied to the prepayment of a mortgage or to an interest rate benchmark such as the London Inter... |
Vibration isolation Factors influencing the selection of passive vibration isolators Vibration_isolation > Passive isolation > How passive isolation works > Factors influencing the selection of passive vibration isolators Size Constraints: The isolation system may have to fit in a restricted space in a laboratory or va... |
Breast pump Open collection systems vs. closed collection systems Breast_pumping > Open collection systems vs. closed collection systems It may also not be able to compensate for larger shield sizes. There are no studies comparing the open- versus closed-system design. Most information in marketing materials by breast-... |
Ari Laptev Summary Ari_Laptev Ari Laptev (born August 10, 1950) is a mathematician working on the spectral theory of partial differential equations. His PhD was obtained in 1978 at Leningrad State University under the supervision of Michael Solomyak.He is currently Professor at both the KTH in Stockholm and Imperial Co... |
Non-equilibrium systems Difference between equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics Non-equilibrium_systems > Scope > Difference between equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics A quasi-static process is a conceptual (timeless and physically impossible) smooth mathematical passage along a continuous path of... |
Structuralism (philosophy of mathematics) Historical motivation Modal_structuralism > Historical motivation Contrarily, mathematical nominalism denies the existence of any such abstract objects in the ontology of mathematics. In the late 19th and early 20th century, a number of anti-Platonist programs gained in popular... |
Open quantum system Markovian equations Open_quantum_system > Dynamics > Markovian equations This method is known as the Caldeira–Leggett model, or harmonic bath model. To proceed and obtain explicit solutions, the path integral formulation description of quantum mechanics is typically employed. A large part of the pow... |
Tests of relativistic energy and momentum Undergraduate experiments Tests_of_relativistic_energy_and_momentum > Undergraduate experiments Various experiments have been performed which, due to their simplicity, are still used as undergraduate experiments. Mass, velocity, momentum, and energy of electrons have been measu... |
Brain stem Function Brain_stem > Function There are three main functions of the brainstem: The brainstem plays a role in conduction. That is, all information relayed from the body to the cerebrum and cerebellum and vice versa must traverse the brainstem. The ascending pathways coming from the body to the brain are the ... |
Writing process Historical and contemporary perspectives Writing_process > Historical and contemporary perspectives From the contemporary perspective of composition studies, it is thus inaccurate to assume that any authentic writing process (i.e., one not contrived as part of a school assignment or laboratory setting) ... |
Shadow RAM Memory hierarchy RAM_chip > Memory hierarchy The overall goal of using a memory hierarchy is to obtain the fastest possible average access time while minimizing the total cost of the entire memory system (generally, the memory hierarchy follows the access time with the fast CPU registers at the top and the s... |
List of free and open-source software packages Cryptocurrency List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages > Finance > Cryptocurrency Bitcoin – Blockchain platform, peer-to-peer decentralised digital currency Ethereum – Blockchain platform with smart contract functionality |
Ni3Al NiAl Ni3Al > NiAl NiAl despite its beneficial properties generally suffers from two factors: very high brittleness at low temperatures (<330 °C) and rapid loss of strength for temperatures higher than 550 °C. The brittleness is attributed to both the high energy of anti-phase boundaries as well as high atomic ord... |
Responsibility-driven design Control style Data-driven_design > Control style These are places where objects charged with controlling and coordinating reside. Control Style Variations: A control style comes in three distinct variations. These are not precise definitions though since a control style can be said to be mo... |
Decidable (logic) Some undecidable theories Decidable_(logic) > Some undecidable theories Robinson established in 1949 that the theory of fields is undecidable. Robinson arithmetic (and therefore any consistent extension, such as Peano arithmetic) is essentially undecidable, as established by Raphael Robinson in 1950. |
John Raymond Smythies Biography John_Raymond_Smythies > Biography He was elected a member of the Athenaeum in 1968 (33). He published over 200 scientific papers and 16 books. He made extensive contributions to knowledge in a number of fields including the neurochemistry of schizophrenia (5,6) and the neuropharmacology ... |
Universal Gas Constant Summary Universal_Gas_Constant As a consequence, the SI value of the molar gas constant is exactly 8.31446261815324 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1. Some have suggested that it might be appropriate to name the symbol R the Regnault constant in honour of the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault, whose accurate experi... |
Disquotational principle Overview Disquotational_principle > Overview Pierre's background tells him that statesmen are generally not very gifted in music, and this leads him to the belief that Paderewski had no musical talent. The disquotation principle allows us to deduce that Pierre believes the proposition that Pade... |
Spinal meningitis Bacterial Eosinophilic_meningitis > Causes > Bacterial These pathogens are also associated with meningitis in people with an impaired immune system. An infection in the head and neck area, such as otitis media or mastoiditis, can lead to meningitis in a small proportion of people. Recipients of cochle... |
Basolateral membrane Lipid bilayer Cellular_membrane > Structures > Lipid bilayer The arrangement of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails of the lipid bilayer prevent polar solutes (ex. amino acids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and ions) from diffusing across the membrane, but generally allows for the pas... |
Quartic equation Converting to a depressed quartic Quartic_equation > The general case > Converting to a depressed quartic Now rename the coefficients of u. Let a = − 3 B 2 8 A 2 + C A , b = B 3 8 A 3 − B C 2 A 2 + D A , c = − 3 B 4 256 A 4 + C B 2 16 A 3 − B D 4 A 2 + E A . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}a&={-3B^{2} \... |
Military simulation Political-military simulations Virtual_battlefield > Political-military simulations Kriegsspiel was concerned only with the movement and engagement of military forces, and subsequent simulations were similarly focused in their approach. Following the Prussian success in 1866 against Austria at Sadow... |
Zero Field NMR Summary Zero_Field_NMR One successful implementation was using atomic magnetometers at zero magnetic field working with rubidium vapor cells to detect zero-field NMR.Without a large magnetic field to induce nuclear spin polarization, the nuclear spins must be polarized externally using hyperpolarization ... |
Management of multiple sclerosis Medical treatments for symptoms Management_of_multiple_sclerosis > Managing the effects of MS > Medical treatments for symptoms Spasticity: spasticity is characterized by increased stiffness and slowness in limb movement, the development of certain postures, an association with weakness... |
Maximum entropy thermodynamics Maximum Shannon entropy Maximum_entropy_thermodynamics > Maximum Shannon entropy The approach also creates a theoretical framework for the study of some very special cases of far-from-equilibrium scenarios, making the derivation of the entropy production fluctuation theorem straightforwar... |
Noise disturbance Sound level meters Ocean_noise > Noise assessment > Instrumentation > Sound level meters Sound can be measured in the air using a sound level meter, a device consisting of a microphone, an amplifier, and a time meter. Sound level meters can measure noise at different frequencies (usually A- and C-weig... |
Counter-current flow Countercurrent exchange in industry and scientific research Countercurrent_exchange > Countercurrent exchange in industry and scientific research The process in the trays is a combination of heat transfer and mass transfer. Heat is supplied at the bottom, known as a "reboiler" and cooling is done w... |
Systematic errors Characterization Systematic_errors > Characterization They can be estimated by comparing multiple measurements and reduced by averaging multiple measurements. Systematic error is predictable and typically constant or proportional to the true value. If the cause of the systematic error can be identifie... |
Cardano formula Cardano's formula Cardano's_formula > Cardano's formula If 4 p 3 + 27 q 2 < 0 , {\displaystyle 4p^{3}+27q^{2}<0,} there are three real roots, but Galois theory allows proving that, if there is no rational root, the roots cannot be expressed by an algebraic expression involving only real numbers. Therefo... |
Manual transmission Truck transmissions Constant_mesh_gearbox > Truck transmissions With a third transmission, gears are multiplied yet again, giving greater range or closer spacing. Some trucks thus have dozens of gear positions, although most are duplicates. Sometimes a secondary transmission is integrated with the d... |
Genetic Engineering Regulation Genetic_manipulation > Regulation The regulation of genetic engineering concerns the approaches taken by governments to assess and manage the risks associated with the development and release of GMOs. The development of a regulatory framework began in 1975, at Asilomar, California. The As... |
World3 nonrenewable resource sector Overview World3_nonrenewable_resource_sector > Overview This causes the amount of resources expended to depend on the amount of industrial capital, and not on the amount of resources consumed. The consumption of nonrenewable resources is determined by a nonlinear function of the per ... |
Organizational charts Examples Organizational_breakdown_structure > Examples The example on the right shows a simple hierarchical organizational chart. An example of a "line relationship" (or chain of command in military relationships) in this chart would be between the general and the two colonels—the colonels are dir... |
Simple-type schizophrenia Controversy Simple-type_schizophrenia > Controversy Definition of this type of schizophrenia is without unity or is controversial. The diagnosis was discontinued in the DSM system, although it was recommended for reinclusion in 1989. It was subsequently confirmed as having imprecise diagnostic... |
Ohmic contact Physics of formation of metal–semiconductor ohmic contacts Nonrectifying_junction > Physics of formation of metal–semiconductor ohmic contacts Unfortunately experiments have shown that the predictive power of the model doesn't extend much beyond this statement. Under realistic conditions, contact metals m... |
Aircraft stability Speed stability Aircraft_flight_dynamics > Stability > Speed stability An aircraft in cruise flight is typically speed stable. If speed increases, drag increases, which will reduce the speed back to equilibrium for its configuration and thrust setting. If speed decreases, drag decreases, and the airc... |
Nonlinear system identification Neural networks Nonlinear_system_identification > Neural networks Depending on the architecture of the network the training problem can be either nonlinear-in-the-parameters which involves optimisation or linear-in-the-parameters which can be solved using classical approaches. The traini... |
Static forces and virtual-particle exchange Summary Static_forces_and_virtual-particle_exchange Static force fields are fields, such as a simple electric, magnetic or gravitational fields, that exist without excitations. The most common approximation method that physicists use for scattering calculations can be interpr... |
Transformation groupoid Summary Groupoid In mathematics, especially in category theory and homotopy theory, a groupoid (less often Brandt groupoid or virtual group) generalises the notion of group in several equivalent ways. A groupoid can be seen as a: Group with a partial function replacing the binary operation; Cate... |
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Diagnosis Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy > Diagnosis Diagnosis of BSE continues to be a practical problem. It has an incubation period of months to years, during which no signs are noticed, though the pathway of converting the normal brain prion protein (PrP) into the toxic, disease-r... |
Multiple realizability The significance of multiple realizability Multiple_realizability > The significance of multiple realizability The special sciences therefore cannot be reduced to physics. Functionalism, which attempts to identify mental kinds with functional kinds that are characterized exclusively in terms of c... |
Educational neuroscience Attention and executive control Educational_neuroscience > Neuroscience and education: Sample cases > Attention and executive control Attention is the key cognitive skill impaired in ADHD resulting in difficulty in completing tasks or attending to details. Aspects of attention may also be atypi... |
Specific entropy Biology Specific_entropy > Interdisciplinary applications > Biology Chiavazzo et al. proposed that where cave spiders choose to lay their eggs can be explained through entropy minimization.Entropy has been proven useful in the analysis of base pair sequences in DNA. Many entropy-based measures have bee... |
Multi-model database User-defined data models Multi-model_database > User-defined data models In addition to offering multiple data models in a single data store, some databases allow developers to easily define custom data models. This capability is enabled by ACID transactions with high performance and scalability. I... |
Terminal differentiation Mammalian cell types Terminal_differentiation > Mammalian cell types Three basic categories of cells make up the mammalian body: germ cells, somatic cells, and stem cells. Each of the approximately 37.2 trillion (3.72x1013) cells in an adult human has its own copy or copies of the genome except... |
Auscultation Doppler auscultation Auscultation > Doppler auscultation It was demonstrated in the 2000s that Doppler auscultation using a handheld ultrasound transducer enables the auscultation of valvular movements and blood flow sounds that are undetected during cardiac examination with a stethoscope. The Doppler ausc... |
Laws of Kepler Inverse square law Kepler's_Laws > Planetary acceleration > Inverse square law So the inverse square law for planetary accelerations applies throughout the entire Solar System. The inverse square law is a differential equation. The solutions to this differential equation include the Keplerian motions, as... |
Steroidal hormones Transport Steroid_hormone > Transport Steroid hormones are transported through the blood by being bound to carrier proteins—serum proteins that bind them and increase the hormones' solubility in water. Some examples are sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid-binding globulin, and albumin... |
Mobile membranes Mutual Membranes with Objects on Surface Mobile_membranes > Computability Power of Mobile Membranes > Mutual Membranes with Objects on Surface A summary of the results (existing and new ones) is given in what follows: The multiplicity vector of the multiset from all membranes is considered as a result ... |
Reverse Osmosis Energy recovery Reverse_Osmosis_Water_Purification_Unit > Desalination > Energy recovery Energy recovery can reduce energy consumption by 50% or more. Much of the input energy can be recovered from the concentrate flow, and the increasing efficiency of energy recovery devices greatly reduces energy requ... |
Gravitational red shift Uniform gravitational field or acceleration Gravitational_blueshift > Prediction by the equivalence principle and general relativity > Uniform gravitational field or acceleration Einstein's theory of general relativity incorporates the equivalence principle, which can be stated in various differ... |
Function problems Summary Function_problems In computational complexity theory, a function problem is a computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem. For function problems, the output is not simply 'yes' or ... |
Kolmogorov structure function Main property Kolmogorov_structure_function > Probability models > Main property It is proved that at each level α {\displaystyle \alpha } of complexity the structure function allows us to select the best model S {\displaystyle S} for the individual string x {\displaystyle x} within a stri... |
Empirical method Scientific research Empirical_study > Usage > Scientific research In some of the cases, disagreement at the point of gaining knowledge results in the provision of conflicting responses to other aspects as well. There might be a disagreement in the overall feature of warrant, while limiting the knowledg... |
Light-front computational methods Renormalization group Light-front_computational_methods > Renormalization group The other task is to define a theory unambiguously. This is explained below. Since the front form of dynamics aims at explaining hadrons as bound states of quarks and gluons, and the binding mechanism is no... |
Database table Summary Database_table Each row is identified by one or more values appearing in a particular column subset. A specific choice of columns which uniquely identify rows is called the primary key. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.