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Affine coordinates Examples Affine_space > Examples The solutions of an inhomogeneous linear differential equation form an affine space over the solutions of the corresponding homogeneous linear equation. Generalizing all of the above, if T: V → W is a linear map and y lies in its image, the set of solutions x ∈ V to t... |
Tactile hallucinations In Parkinson's disease Tactile_hallucination > In Parkinson's disease Several other patients felt that there was a parasitic infestation of their skin which caused lesions on their skins due to the obsessive need of itching. Fénelon also analyzed the particular types of tactile hallucinations exp... |
Thermodynamic integration Summary Thermodynamic_integration Thermodynamic integration is a method used to compare the difference in free energy between two given states (e.g., A and B) whose potential energies U A {\displaystyle U_{A}} and U B {\displaystyle U_{B}} have different dependences on the spatial coordinates.... |
Working fluids Properties and states Working_fluid > Properties and states This is usually done on a property diagram which is simply a plot of one property versus another. When the working fluid passes through engineering components such as turbines and compressors, the point on a property diagram moves due to the pos... |
Dynamic network analysis Overview Dynamic_network_analysis > Overview There are two aspects of this field. The first is the statistical analysis of DNA data. The second is the utilization of simulation to address issues of network dynamics. DNA networks vary from traditional social networks in that they are larger, dyn... |
Computability in Analysis and Physics Topics Computability_in_Analysis_and_Physics > Topics The book concerns computable analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis founded by Alan Turing and concerned with the computability of constructions in analysis. This area is connected to, but distinct from, constructive analys... |
Social communication Summary Social_communication For example, many flowers use symmetrical shapes and colors that stand out from their surroundings in order to signal to insects where nectar is located to attract them. Humans also practice interspecies communication, for example, when interacting with pets. The field ... |
Linear combinations of atomic orbitals Mathematical description Linear_combination_of_atomic_orbitals_molecular_orbital_method > Mathematical description This reducible representation is decomposed into the sum of irreducible representations. These irreducible representations correspond to the symmetry of the orbitals ... |
Radionics History Radionics > History According to the theory, all human bodies give off unique or characteristic "radiations" as do all other physical bodies or objects. Such radiations are often termed an "aura". Radiesthesia is cited as the explanation of such phenomena as dowsing by rods and pendulums in order to l... |
List of binary codes Summary List_of_binary_codes This is a list of some binary codes that are (or have been) used to represent text as a sequence of binary digits "0" and "1". Fixed-width binary codes use a set number of bits to represent each character in the text, while in variable-width binary codes, the number of ... |
Gravity anomaly Definition Gravity_anomaly > Definition Richter was equipped with a highly precise pendulum clock which had been carefully calibrated at Paris before his departure. However, he found that the clock ran too slowly in Cayenne, compared with the apparent motion of the stars. Fifteen years later, Isaac Newt... |
Object-oriented analysis and design History Object-oriented_analysis_and_design > History In 1994, the Three Amigos of Rational Software started working together to develop the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Later, together with Philippe Kruchten and Walker Royce (eldest son of Winston Royce), they have led a success... |
Small-conductance mechanosensitive channel Function Small-conductance_mechanosensitive_channel > Function MS channels function as electromechanical switches with the capability to sense the physical state of lipid bilayers. Interactions with the membrane lipids are responsible for the sensing of mechanical force for mo... |
Repeated measures design Design and analysis of experiments Repeated_measures_ANOVA > References > Design and analysis of experiments Jones, Byron; Kenward, Michael G. (2003). Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials (Second ed.). London: Chapman and Hall. |
T regulatory cell Development Regulatory_T_cell > Development Its development is mainly dependent on IL-15. This subset has lower affinity for self antigens than CD25+Foxp3high subset. |
Terraforming of Venus Space-based Terraforming_of_Venus > Proposed approaches to terraforming > Cooling planet by solar shades > Space-based Solar shades could also serve as solar power generators. Space-based solar shade techniques, and thin-film solar sails in general, are only in an early stage of development. The v... |
Frontier Orbital Theory Sigmatropic reactions Frontier_molecular_orbital_theory > Applications > Sigmatropic reactions Assuming the reaction happens suprafacially, the shift results with the HOMO of butadiene on the 4 carbons that are not involved in the sigma bond of the product. Since the pi system changed from the L... |
Convergence in measure Definitions Convergence_in_measure > Definitions Let f , f n ( n ∈ N ): X → R {\displaystyle f,f_{n}\ (n\in \mathbb {N} ):X\to \mathbb {R} } be measurable functions on a measure space ( X , Σ , μ ) {\displaystyle (X,\Sigma ,\mu )} . The sequence f n {\displaystyle f_{n}} is said to converge globa... |
Cardiac amyloidosis Treatments Cardiac_amyloidosis > Treatments For familial amyloidosis, ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers can be prescribed if there is no autonomic neuropathy. Suppression of transthyretin production: liver transplantation and medications that decreases the activity of the transthyretin genes (patisir... |
Image histogram Summary Image_histogram An image histogram is a type of histogram that acts as a graphical representation of the tonal distribution in a digital image. It plots the number of pixels for each tonal value. By looking at the histogram for a specific image a viewer will be able to judge the entire tonal dis... |
Mordehai Milgrom Milgrom and modified Newtonian dynamics Mordehai_Milgrom > Milgrom and modified Newtonian dynamics Milgrom suggests that Newton's law of universal gravitation should be modified for very small accelerations, typically of the order of 10−11g and less. |
Floral symmetry Symmetry groups Floral_symmetry > Symmetry groups Monocots that exhibit rotational symmetry but not mirror symmetry (for instance, if their petals exhibit chirality) are described by the cyclic group of order 3, C 3 {\displaystyle C_{3}} , and monocots with both rotational symmetry and reflection symmet... |
Mitotic catastrophe DNA damage Mitotic_catastrophe > Causes > DNA damage The response to DNA damage present during mitosis is different from the response to DNA damage detected during the rest of the cell cycle. Cells can detect DNA defects during the rest of the cell cycle and either repair them if possible or undergo... |
Mathematical fallacies Summary False_proof The latter usually applies to a form of argument that does not comply with the valid inference rules of logic, whereas the problematic mathematical step is typically a correct rule applied with a tacit wrong assumption. Beyond pedagogy, the resolution of a fallacy can lead to ... |
Brain–brain interface Summary Brain-brain_interface Such a computing structure could define the first example of an organic computer capable of solving heuristic problems that would be deemed non-computable by a general Turing-machine. Future works will elucidate in detail the characteristics of this multi-brain system... |
Controller Area Network Automotive Controller_Area_Network > Applications > Automotive Examples include: Auto start/stop: Various sensor inputs from around the vehicle (speed sensors, steering angle, air conditioning on/off, engine temperature) are collated via the CAN bus to determine whether the engine can be shut do... |
Vladimir Krivchenkov Interpretation of Quantum mechanics Vladimir_Krivchenkov > Interpretation of Quantum mechanics According to Krivchenkov, the intents to "interpret" quantum mechanics in terms of classical mechanics have no more sense than interpretation of heliocentric cosmological system in terms of geocentric sys... |
Homogeneous system of linear equations Trivial example Simultaneous_linear_equations > Elementary examples > Trivial example The system of one equation in one unknown 2 x = 4 {\displaystyle 2x=4} has the solution x = 2. {\displaystyle x=2.} However, a linear system is commonly considered as having at least two equation... |
Burnishing (metal) Effects on sliding contact Burnishing_(metal) > Effects on sliding contact This reduces the precision and accuracy of the machine. The combination of higher friction and degraded form often leads to a runaway situation that continually worsens until the component fails. To prevent destructive burnish... |
Diamond buffer High output current derivatives Diamond_buffer > High output current derivatives If efficiency and cost are critical, the circuit can be further improved for higher current handling at low idle currents. In the simplest form, the circuit is augmented with a reverse diode connected to the bases of the out... |
Ernst Mayr Ideas Ernst_Mayr > Ideas Current molecular studies in evolution and speciation indicate that although allopatric speciation is the norm, there are numerous cases of sympatric speciation in groups with greater mobility, such as birds. The precise mechanisms of sympatric speciation, however, are usually a form... |
Argininosuccinic acid Reactions Argininosuccinic_acid > Reactions Some cells synthesize argininosuccinic acid from citrulline and aspartic acid and use it as a precursor for arginine in the urea cycle or citrulline-NO cycle. The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction is argininosuccinate synthetase.Argininosuccinic acid is... |
Vopěnka's principle Summary Vopěnka's_principle According to Pudlák (2013, p. 204), Vopěnka's principle was originally intended as a joke: Vopěnka was apparently unenthusiastic about large cardinals and introduced his principle as a bogus large cardinal property, planning to show later that it was not consistent. Howev... |
Photoheterotroph Ecology Photoheterotroph > Ecology Notably, temperature and pH drive anoxygenic phototroph community composition in Yellowstone National Park's geothermal features. In addition, various, light-dependent niches in the Great Salk Lake's hypersaline mats support phototrophic diversity as microbes optimize... |
Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory Summary Zermelo-Fraenkel_axioms For example, the axiom of pairing says that given any two sets a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} there is a new set { a , b } {\displaystyle \{a,b\}} containing exactly a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} . Other axioms describe properties of... |
Cloacal membrane Summary Cloacal_membrane Before the urorectal septum has an opportunity to fuse with the cloacal membrane, the membrane ruptures, exposing the urogenital sinus and dorsal anorectal canal to the exterior. Later on, an ectodermal plug, the anal membrane, forms to create the lower third of the rectum. It ... |
Histogram matching Implementation Histogram_specification > Implementation Consider a grayscale input image X. It has a probability density function pr(r), where r is a grayscale value, and pr(r) is the probability of that value. This probability can easily be computed from the histogram of the image by p r ( r j ) = n... |
Quantum cellular automata Summary Quantum_cellular_automata A quantum cellular automaton (QCA) is an abstract model of quantum computation, devised in analogy to conventional models of cellular automata introduced by John von Neumann. The same name may also refer to quantum dot cellular automata, which are a proposed p... |
Edgeworth's limit theorem Illustration when there are only two commodities Edgeworth's_limit_theorem > Illustration when there are only two commodities Francis Ysidro Edgeworth first described what later became known as the limit theorem in his book Mathematical Psychics (1881). He used a variant of what is now known a... |
Insertion Sort Variants Binary_insertion_sort > Variants A variant named binary merge sort uses a binary insertion sort to sort groups of 32 elements, followed by a final sort using merge sort. It combines the speed of insertion sort on small data sets with the speed of merge sort on large data sets.To avoid having to ... |
Bootstrap compiler Advantages Bootstrapping_(compilers) > Advantages Bootstrapping a compiler has the following advantages: It is a non-trivial test of the language being compiled, and as such is a form of dogfooding. Compiler developers and bug reporters only need to know the language being compiled. Compiler developm... |
Solvent suppression Introduction Solvent_suppression > Introduction In liquid-state NMR spectroscopy, the sample to be studied is dissolved in a solvent. Typically, the concentration of the solvent is much higher than the concentration of the solutes of interest. The signal from the solvent can overwhelm that of the so... |
String theorist Extra dimensions Ten-dimensional_space > Fundamentals > Extra dimensions A Calabi–Yau manifold is a special space which is typically taken to be six-dimensional in applications to string theory. It is named after mathematicians Eugenio Calabi and Shing-Tung Yau.Another approach to reducing the number of... |
Direct Rendering Manager Kernel Mode Setting Graphics_Execution_Manager > Software architecture > Kernel Mode Setting It not only breaks the isolation that operating systems should provide between programs and hardware, raising both stability and security concerns, but also could leave the graphics hardware in an incon... |
Capsule neural network Routing by agreement Capsule_neural_network > Routing by agreement At each iteration, the coefficients are adjusted via a "routing" softmax so that they continue to sum to 1 (to express the probability that a given capsule is the parent of a given child.) Softmax amplifies larger values and dimin... |
Transmission towers Stockbridge dampers Power_transmission_tower > Other features > Stockbridge dampers Stockbridge dampers are added to the transmission lines a meter or two from the tower. They consist of a short length of cable clamped in place parallel to the line itself and weighted at each end. The size and dimen... |
Sigma hole interactions Strength Sigma_hole_interactions > Characteristics > Strength At any angle, it can be observed that the interaction is stronger when the Bromine atom hosting the sigma hole is bound to a strongly electron withdrawing cyano group than when this atom is bound to a trifluoromethyl group, which is o... |
Object composition Summary Object_composition In computer science, object composition and object aggregation are closely related ways to combine objects or data types into more complex ones. In conversation the distinction between composition and aggregation is often ignored. Common kinds of compositions are objects us... |
Irreversible Process History Irreversible_change > History From 1872 to 1875, Ludwig Boltzmann reinforced the statistical explanation of this paradox in the form of Boltzmann's entropy formula, stating that an increase of the number of possible microstates a system might be in, will increase the entropy of the system, ... |
Foreland basin Plate motion and seismicity Foreland_basin > Plate motion and seismicity Thus, it is crucial to consider non-GPS models to determine the long-term evolution of continental collisions and in how it helped develop the adjacent foreland basins. Comparing both modern GPS (Sella et al. 2002) and non-GPS model... |
Vector DNA Summary Vector_DNA In molecular cloning, a vector is any particle (e.g., plasmids, cosmids, Lambda phages) used as a vehicle to artificially carry a foreign nucleic sequence – usually DNA – into another cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed. A vector containing foreign DNA is termed recombinant D... |
Catastrophic interference Generative replay Catastrophic_interference > Proposed solutions > Rehearsal > Generative replay In recent years, pseudo-rehearsal has re-gained in popularity thanks to the progress in the capabilities of deep generative models. When such deep generative models are used to generate the "pseudo... |
Cross pollination Process of pollination Cross_pollination > Process of pollination Spore mother cells in the microsporangia divide by meiosis to form haploid microspores that develop further by two mitotic divisions into immature male gametophytes (pollen grains). The four resulting cells consist of a large tube cell ... |
Maximin strategy The Stag Hunt Maximin_strategy > Socially Desirable Outcomes > Pareto Optimality > The Stag Hunt It is imperative to note that Pareto optimality is not a strategic solution for simultaneous games. However, the ideal informs players about the potential for more efficient outcomes. Moreover, potentially ... |
Flow density Transport fluxes Photon_flux > Flux as flow rate per unit area > Transport fluxes Eight of the most common forms of flux from the transport phenomena literature are defined as follows: Momentum flux, the rate of transfer of momentum across a unit area (N·s·m−2·s−1). (Newton's law of viscosity) Heat flux, t... |
Population standard deviation History 5_sigma > History The term standard deviation was first used in writing by Karl Pearson in 1894, following his use of it in lectures. This was as a replacement for earlier alternative names for the same idea: for example, Gauss used mean error. |
Advection–diffusion equation Understanding the terms involved Convection–diffusion_transport_equation > Equation > Understanding the terms involved Thus, the concentration at a given location can change because of the flow. The final contribution, R, describes the creation or destruction of the quantity. For example, i... |
Hydroxyl radical In Earth's atmosphere Hydroxyl_radicals > In Earth's atmosphere The results obtained by Montzka et al. (2011) shows that the interannual variability in •OH estimated from CH3CCl3 measurements is small, indicating that global •OH is generally well buffered against perturbations. This small variability i... |
HP 35s Complex numbers HP_35s > Feature details > Complex numbers Previous (and other current) HP calculators have handled complex numbers in a variety of ways. In the HP 33s, complex numbers were stored as two separate values, and the "complex" modifier was used to indicate that an operation was to treat the stack as ... |
Atomic bombing Other types Nuclear_warheads > Types > Other types There are other types of nuclear weapons as well. For example, a boosted fission weapon is a fission bomb that increases its explosive yield through a small number of fusion reactions, but it is not a fusion bomb. In the boosted bomb, the neutrons produc... |
Evolution theory Epigenetics Biological_evolution > Sources of variation > Epigenetics Developmental biologists suggest that complex interactions in genetic networks and communication among cells can lead to heritable variations that may underlay some of the mechanics in developmental plasticity and canalisation. Herit... |
Alkali metals Reactivity Alkali_metal_compound > Periodic trends > Reactivity The atomisation energy measures the strength of the metallic bond of an element, which falls down the group as the atoms increase in radius and thus the metallic bond must increase in length, making the delocalised electrons further away from... |
Hydration shell Hydration shells of proteins Solvation_shell > Hydration shells of proteins The hydration shell (also sometimes called hydration layer) that forms around proteins is of particular importance in biochemistry. This interaction of the protein surface with the surrounding water is often referred to as prote... |
Organic life Living systems theories Organic_life > Definitions > Living systems theories Living systems are open self-organizing living things that interact with their environment. These systems are maintained by flows of information, energy, and matter. Budisa, Kubyshkin and Schmidt defined cellular life as an organi... |
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis Management Multiple_Sclerosis > Management Although no cure for multiple sclerosis has been found, several therapies have proven helpful. Several effective treatments can decrease the number of attacks and the rate of progression. The primary aims of therapy are returning function... |
Aberration of starlight Explanation Constant_of_aberration > Explanation Since the direction of motion of the Earth changes during its orbit, the direction of this tilting changes during the course of the year, and causes the apparent position of the star to differ from its true position as measured in the inertial fra... |
Collapsed lung Tension pneumothorax Tension_pneumothorax > Signs and symptoms > Tension pneumothorax Other findings may include quieter breath sounds on one side of the chest, low oxygen levels and blood pressure, and displacement of the trachea away from the affected side. Rarely, there may be cyanosis (bluish discolo... |
Data segment Summary Data_segment In computing, a data segment (often denoted .data) is a portion of an object file or the corresponding address space of a program that contains initialized static variables, that is, global variables and static local variables. The size of this segment is determined by the size of the ... |
Geometric object History Geometric_object > History Eudoxus (408–c. 355 BC) developed the method of exhaustion, which allowed the calculation of areas and volumes of curvilinear figures, as well as a theory of ratios that avoided the problem of incommensurable magnitudes, which enabled subsequent geometers to make sign... |
Economic risk Risk and uncertainty Risk_takers > Other considerations > Risk and uncertainty Measurement of risk: A set of possibilities each with quantified probabilities and quantified losses. Example: "There is a 40% chance the proposed oil well will be dry with a loss of $12 million in exploratory drilling costs. "... |
Glossary of systems theory D Glossary_of_systems_theory > D Development: The process of liberating a system from its previous set of limiting conditions. It is an amelioration of conditions or quality. Dissipative structure: A term invented by Ilya Prigogine to describe complex chemical structures undergoing the proces... |
Train inspection system Technologies Train_inspection_system > Technologies Many are stand-alone detectors, but most often are integrated into bearing temperature scanning locations. High/wide sensors These are able to measure the height and width of rolling stock, so that cars and loads which won't fit under bridges o... |
Linux console Summary Linux_console The Linux console is a system console internal to the Linux kernel. A system console is the device which receives all kernel messages and warnings and which allows logins in single user mode. The Linux console provides a way for the kernel and other processes to send text output to t... |
Cluster headache Summary Cluster_headache Men are affected about four times more often than women. Cluster headaches are named for the occurrence of groups of headache attacks (clusters). They have also been referred to as "suicide headaches". |
Conjecture P versus NP problem Conjecture > Important examples > P versus NP problem The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in computer science. Informally, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified by a computer can also be quickly solved by a computer; it is widely conjectured ... |
Energy infrastructure Fossil fuels Energy_production > Fossil fuels Fossil fuels are currently economical for decentralized energy use. Energy dependence on imported fossil fuels creates energy security risks for dependent countries. Oil dependence in particular has led to war, funding of radicals, monopolization, and ... |
Nanocircuitry Production methods Nanocircuitry > Production methods The first part of their organization begins with transistors. As of right now, most electronics are using silicon-based transistors. Transistors are an integral part of circuits as they control the flow of electricity and transform weak electrical sign... |
Immortal DNA strand hypothesis Evidence Immortal_DNA_strand_hypothesis > Evidence Some features may not be present in vivo or may be absent in vitro. In May 2007 evidence in support of the Immortal DNA Strand theory was discovered by Michael Conboy et al., using the muscle stem/satellite cell model during tissue regene... |
Introduction to gauge theory Gauge bosons Introduction_to_gauge_theory > In quantum mechanics > Gauge bosons We then measure the two waves at some other, nearby point, in order to determine their wavelengths. But there are two entirely different reasons that the waves could have changed. They could have changed because... |
JavaScript syntax Methods ECMAScript_syntax > Objects > Methods (There are also call and apply methods that can set this explicitly—some packages such as jQuery do unusual things with this.) In the example below, Foo is being used as a constructor. There is nothing special about a constructor - it is just a plain funct... |
Sequence determination Significance Sequence_determination > Significance The underlying concept is that each of the sequences will produce a distinctive result that can be visualized or measured. In some instances, the results will be essentially conclusive with only one reasonable interpretation. In other situations,... |
In-place matrix transposition Summary In-place_matrix_transposition In contrast, for a square matrix (N = M), all of the cycles are of length 1 or 2, and the transpose can be achieved by a simple loop to swap the upper triangle of the matrix with the lower triangle. Further complications arise if one wishes to maximize... |
Three-stage quantum cryptography protocol Summary Three-stage_quantum_cryptography_protocol The three-stage quantum cryptography protocol, also known as Kak's three-stage protocol is a method of data encryption that uses random polarization rotations by both Alice and Bob, the two authenticated parties, that was propos... |
Devicetree Summary Device_tree In computing, a devicetree (also written device tree) is a data structure describing the hardware components of a particular computer so that the operating system's kernel can use and manage those components, including the CPU or CPUs, the memory, the buses and the integrated peripherals.... |
Pulse dialling Summary Pulse_dialing Pulse dialing is a signaling technology in telecommunications in which a direct current local loop circuit is interrupted according to a defined coding system for each signal transmitted, usually a digit. This lends the method the often used name loop disconnect dialing. In the most... |
Octet (computing) Definition Octet_(computing) > Definition The international standard IEC 60027-2, chapter 3.8.2, states that a byte is an octet of bits. However, the unit byte has historically been platform-dependent and has represented various storage sizes in the history of computing. Due to the influence of severa... |
Software Metrics Metamodel Measures Software_Metrics_Metamodel > Measures SMM specifies the representation of measures without detailing the representation of the entities measured. SMM defines representations for: Direct measures that are taken directly against a measurand. Examples include counts and named measures s... |
Multistage amplifier Overall gain Cascade_amplifier > Overall gain The complication in calculating the gain of cascaded stages is the non-ideal coupling between stages due to loading. Two cascaded common emitter stages are shown. Because the input resistance of the second stage forms a voltage divider with the output r... |
Variance-to-mean ratio Interpretation Variance-to-mean_ratio > Interpretation Some distributions, most notably the Poisson distribution, have equal variance and mean, giving them a VMR = 1. The geometric distribution and the negative binomial distribution have VMR > 1, while the binomial distribution has VMR < 1, and t... |
The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing Quadratic equations The_Compendious_Book_on_Calculation_by_Completion_and_Balancing > Quadratic equations Repeated application of this rule eliminates negative quantities from calculations. Al-Muqabala (المقابله, "balancing" or "corresponding") means subtr... |
Organizational engineering Applications Organizational_engineering > Applications The various “I Opt” individual analyzes are used as a component of educational programs in areas like leadership development, learning and career guidance. They are also used to facilitate education itself. For example, the TwoPerson Anal... |
HIV envelope gp120 HIV_envelope > In HIV > gp120 Exposed on the surface of the viral envelope, the glycoprotein gp120 binds to the CD4 receptor on any target cell that has such a receptor, particularly the helper T-cell. Strains of HIV-1 have been isolated that are able to enter host cells that are CD4 negative. This C... |
Denitrifying bacteria Summary Denitrifying_bacteria Denitrifying bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria that encompass many different phyla. This group of bacteria, together with denitrifying fungi and archaea, is capable of performing denitrification as part of the nitrogen cycle. Denitrification is performed by a v... |
Lebesgue integration Alternative formulations Lebesgue_integration > Alternative formulations The Riemann integral exists for any continuous function f of compact support defined on Rn (or a fixed open subset). Integrals of more general functions can be built starting from these integrals. Let Cc be the space of all re... |
Simon's problem Summary Simon's_problem In computational complexity theory and quantum computing, Simon's problem is a computational problem that is proven to be solved exponentially faster on a quantum computer than on a classical (that is, traditional) computer. The quantum algorithm solving Simon's problem, usually ... |
K-25 Gaseous diffusion K-25 > Gaseous diffusion In a container with a porous barrier containing a mixture of two gases, the lighter molecules will pass out of the container more rapidly than the heavier molecules. The gas leaving the container is slightly enriched in the lighter molecules, while the residual gas is sli... |
Professional File System Summary Professional_File_System The Professional File System is a filesystem originally developed commercially for the Amiga, now distributed on Aminet with a 4-clause BSD license. It is a compatible successor of AmiFileSafe (AFS), with an emphasis on added reliability and speed compared to st... |
Atmospheric turbulence Features Atmospheric_turbulence > Features In the best case, this assumption is only an approximation. Nevertheless, the turbulent diffusivity is the simplest approach for quantitative analysis of turbulent flows, and many models have been postulated to calculate it. |
Computation and Neural Systems Summary Computation_and_Neural_Systems The Computation and Neural Systems (CNS) program was established at the California Institute of Technology in 1986 with the goal of training Ph.D. students interested in exploring the relationship between the structure of neuron-like circuits/network... |
Sucharit Bhakdi Atherosclerosis Sucharit_Bhakdi > Scientific and medical career > Research career > Atherosclerosis According to Bhakdi's hypothesis, LDL is generally not oxidized, but cholesterol is also absorbed by monocytes and foam cells are formed. However, the high density lipoprotein (HDL) can remove cholesterol... |
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