page_content stringlengths 51 3.15k |
|---|
P53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis Structure P53_upregulated_modulator_of_apoptosis > Structure The PUMA protein is part of the BH3-only subgroup of Bcl-2 family proteins. This group of proteins only share sequence similarity in the BH3 domain, which is required for interactions with Bcl-2-like proteins, such as Bc... |
Normal distributions Quantile function Normal_probability_distribution > Definitions > Cumulative distribution functions > Quantile function {\displaystyle F^{-1}(p)=\mu +\sigma \Phi ^{-1}(p)=\mu +\sigma {\sqrt {2}}\operatorname {erf} ^{-1}(2p-1),\quad p\in (0,1).} The quantile Φ − 1 ( p ) {\displaystyle \Phi ^{-1}(p)}... |
Oppenheimer (film) Plot Oppenheimer_(film) > Plot In 1926, 22-year-old doctoral student J. Robert Oppenheimer grapples with anxiety and homesickness while studying under experimental physicist Patrick Blackett at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. Oppenheimer, upset with the demanding Blackett, leaves him a poison-... |
Compiler optimization Types of optimization Compiler_optimizations > Types of optimization In languages where functions are allowed to have side effects, another strategy is possible. The optimizer can determine which function has no side effects and restrict such optimizations to side effect free functions. This optim... |
Equilibrium state Cited bibliography Thermodynamical_equilibrium > Cited bibliography (1971). Survey of Fundamental Laws, chapter 1 of Thermodynamics, pages 1–97 of volume 1, ed. W. Jost, of Physical Chemistry. |
Linear entropy Inverse Participation Ratio (IPR) Quantum_purity > Relation to other concepts > Inverse Participation Ratio (IPR) Localized and delocalized (extended) states in the framework of condensed matter physics then correspond to insulating and metallic states, respectively, if one imagines an electron on a latt... |
Neurotechnology Pharmaceuticals Neurotechnology > Types > Pharmaceuticals Pharmaceuticals play a vital role in maintaining stable brain chemistry, and are the most commonly used neurotechnology by the general public and medicine. Drugs like sertraline, methylphenidate, and zolpidem act as chemical modulators in the bra... |
Launching gantry Truss girder Launching_gantry > Operation and design > Truss girder The main girder of a truss girder is fabricated from welded steel poles. The welds in a truss girder are point-to-point (joining steel poles to other poles), which requires more stringent welding technology and technique. With small se... |
AppleScript Loops AppleScript > Language essentials > Language structures > Loops The repeat loop of AppleScript comes in several slightly different flavors. They all execute the block between repeat and end repeat lines a number of times. The looping can be prematurely stopped with command exit repeat. Repeat forever. |
Lie algebra homology Definition Lie_algebra_cohomology > Definition Analogously, one can define Lie algebra homology as H n ( g ; M ) := T o r n U g ( R , M ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {H} _{n}({\mathfrak {g}};M):=\mathrm {Tor} _{n}^{U{\mathfrak {g}}}(R,M)} (see Tor functor for the definition of Tor), which is equivalent ... |
Object system Composition, inheritance, and delegation Object_Oriented_Programming > Features > Composition, inheritance, and delegation Abstract classes cannot be instantiated into objects; they exist only for the purpose of inheritance into other "concrete" classes that can be instantiated. In Java, the final keyword... |
Organic acid Summary Organic_acids The relative stability of the conjugate base of the acid determines its acidity. Other groups can also confer acidity, usually weakly: the thiol group –SH, the enol group, and the phenol group. In biological systems, organic compounds containing these groups are generally referred to ... |
Double monochromator Collimation Double_monochromator > Techniques > Collimation The dispersion or diffraction is only controllable if the light is collimated, that is if all the rays of light are parallel, or practically so. A source, like the sun, which is very far away, provides collimated light. Newton used sunligh... |
Nervous system network models Signaling modes Nervous_system_network_models > Network characteristics > Signaling modes Gerstner, W., & Kistler, W. (2002), and Sterratt, D., Graham, B., Gillies, A., & Willshaw, D. (2011) are good sources for a detailed treatment of spiking neuron models and rate neuron models. |
Writing direction General properties Writing_system > General properties Writing systems are distinguished from other possible symbolic communication systems in that a writing system is always associated with at least one spoken language. In contrast, visual representations such as drawings, paintings, and non-verbal i... |
Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis Diagnosis Extensively_drug_resistant_tuberculosis > Diagnosis DST is capable of determining how well four primary antitubercular drugs inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The four primary antitubercular drugs are Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide. Dru... |
Rubber tired metro Advantages Rubber-tyred_metro > Technology > Advantages Compared to steel wheel on steel rail, the advantages of rubber-tyred metro systems are: Faster acceleration, along with the ability to climb or descend steeper slopes (approximately a gradient of 13%) than would be feasible with conventional ra... |
Negative exponential distribution Occurrence of events Exponentially_distributed > Occurrence and applications > Occurrence of events In physics, if you observe a gas at a fixed temperature and pressure in a uniform gravitational field, the heights of the various molecules also follow an approximate exponential distrib... |
Bacterial swimming Mathematical modelling Bacterial_swimming > Mathematical modelling The mathematical models used to describe the bacterial swimming dynamics can be classified into two categories. The first category is based on a microscopic (i.e. cell-level) view of bacterial swimming through a set of equations where... |
MgH Spectrum MgH > Properties > Spectrum The far infrared contains the rotational spectrum of MgH ranging from 0.3 to 2 THz. This also contains hyperfine structure. 24MgH is predicted to have spectral lines for various rotational transition for the following vibrational levels. |
Mitophagy Summary Mitophagy Ashford and Porter used electron microscopy to observe mitochondrial fragments in liver lysosomes by 1962, and a 1977 report suggested that "mitochondria develop functional alterations which would activate autophagy." The term "mitophagy" was in use by 1998.Mitophagy is key in keeping the ce... |
Ambient Vibrations Characterization of the vibration properties of civil engineering structures Seismic_noise > Current uses of seismic noise > Characterization of the vibration properties of civil engineering structures Like earthquakes, ambient vibrations force into vibrations the civil engineering structures like br... |
Forms of energy Open systems Forms_of_energy > Energy transfer > Open systems Beyond the constraints of closed systems, open systems can gain or lose energy in association with matter transfer (this process is illustrated by injection of an air-fuel mixture into a car engine, a system which gains in energy thereby, wit... |
Open letter on artificial intelligence (2015) Short-term concerns Open_letter_on_artificial_intelligence_(2015) > Concerns raised by the letter > Short-term concerns Some near-term concerns relate to autonomous vehicles, from civilian drones and self-driving cars. For example, a self-driving car may, in an emergency, h... |
Dynamic decision-making Characteristics of dynamic decision-making environments Dynamic_decision-making > Overview > Characteristics of dynamic decision-making environments But the definition of complexity could still have problems as system components can vary in terms of how many components there are in the system, n... |
Modello Background Modello > Background The French version of the word, modèle, may be used of French works, and is normally italicised. Especially in the case of oil sketches, many modelli are greatly valued in their own right, as they may show a freedom in execution and freshness of inspiration missing in the final w... |
Convective acceleration Summary Convective_acceleration The Navier–Stokes equations ( nav-YAY STOHKS) are partial differential equations which describe the motion of viscous fluid substances, named after French engineer and physicist Claude-Louis Navier and Irish physicist and mathematician George Gabriel Stokes. They ... |
Bentley–Ottmann algorithm Detailed algorithm Bentley–Ottmann_algorithm > Detailed algorithm The Bentley–Ottmann algorithm performs the following steps. Initialize a priority queue Q of potential future events, each associated with a point in the plane and prioritized by the x-coordinate of the point. So, initially, Q c... |
Alliance for Automotive Innovation Advanced driver assistance systems Alliance_for_Automotive_Innovation > Activities > Safety and consumer protection > Advanced driver assistance systems In 2021, the organization proposed a set of driver monitoring safety principles for vehicles equipped with advanced driver assistanc... |
Differentiated Services DiffServ RFCs Differentiated_Services_Code_Point > DiffServ RFCs RFC 5865 — A differentiated services code point (DSCP) for capacity-admitted traffic. (Updates RFC 4542 and RFC 4594.) RFC 8622 — A Lower-Effort Per-Hop Behavior (LE PHB) for Differentiated Services. (Updates RFC 4594 and RFC 8325,... |
David Schmeidler Main contributions David_Schmeidler > Main contributions While in the experiments, drawing balls from urns, one may adopt a probabilistic belief, in real life one often couldn't find a natural candidate for one's beliefs.With Elisha Pazner, he introduced the notion of egalitarian equivalence - a criter... |
Cache thrashing Overview Cache_thrashing > Overview This frequently leads to high, runaway CPU utilization that can grind the system to a halt. In modern computers, thrashing may occur in the paging system (if there is not sufficient physical memory or the disk access time is overly long), or in the I/O communications ... |
Non-invasive cerebellar stimulation Summary Non-invasive_cerebellar_stimulation Due to the success of clinical trials in response to rehabilitating sensorimotor functions and cognition, more NICS research is being invested into. NICS has the potential to attack multiple neurological and psychiatric disorders, although ... |
Radio noise Summary Radio_noise The limiting noise source in a receiver depends on the frequency range in use. At frequencies below about 40 MHz, particularly in the mediumwave and longwave bands and below, atmospheric noise and nearby radio frequency interference from electrical switches, motors, vehicle ignition circ... |
Formal reduction potential Using thermodynamics (chemical potential) Formal_reduction_potential > Derivation > Using thermodynamics (chemical potential) We can, therefore, write the entropy of an arbitrary molecule A as where S ⊖ {\displaystyle S^{\ominus }} is the entropy at standard conditions and denotes the concen... |
Pumping lemma for regular languages Use of the lemma to prove non-regularity Pumping_lemma_for_regular_languages > Use of the lemma to prove non-regularity The proof that the language of balanced (i.e., properly nested) parentheses is not regular follows the same idea. Given p {\displaystyle p} , there is a string of b... |
Hippocrates of Chios Mathematics Hippocrates_of_Chios > Mathematics This was part of a research program to square the circle, that is, to construct a square with the same area as a circle. The strategy, apparently, was to divide a circle into a number of crescent-shaped parts. If it were possible to calculate the area ... |
Management of multiple sclerosis Side effects Management_of_multiple_sclerosis > Disease-modifying treatments > Medications > Side effects Nevertheless, recommendation is that all patients should be monitored through laboratory blood analyses, including liver function tests, to ensure safe use of interferons.Glatiramer... |
Communication complexity Collapse of Randomized Communication Complexity Quantum_communication_complexity > Randomized communication complexity > Collapse of Randomized Communication Complexity A resource R {\displaystyle R} is said to be "collapsing" if, using that resource R {\displaystyle R} , only one bit of classi... |
Virtual leak S Glossary_of_engineering:_M–Z > S Strain is the ratio of change in length to the original length, when a given body is subjected to some external force (Strain= change in length÷the original length). Stress–strain curveIn engineering and materials science, a stress–strain curve for a material gives the re... |
Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry Isotope ratio and fractional abundance Hydrogen_isotope_biogeochemistry > Important concepts > Isotope notation > Isotope ratio and fractional abundance The most fundamental description of hydrogen isotopes in a system is the relative abundance of deuterium and protium. This value can b... |
Variational autoencoder Summary Variational_autoencoder The first neural network maps the input variable to a latent space that corresponds to the parameters of a variational distribution. In this way, the encoder can produce multiple different samples that all come from the same distribution. |
Euclidean quantum gravity The Wick rotation Euclidean_quantum_gravity > Introduction in layperson's terms > The Wick rotation In physics, a Wick rotation, named after Gian-Carlo Wick, is a method of finding a solution to dynamics problems in n {\displaystyle n} dimensions, by transposing their descriptions in n + 1 {\d... |
Polyclonal response Summary Polyclonal_response Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of no... |
Table (furniture) Specialized types End_table > Specialized types One account attributes the design of the Pembroke table to Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke (1693-1751).Sofa tables are similar to Pembroke tables and usually have longer and narrower tops. They were specifically designed for placement directly in fro... |
Derived quantity Summary Derived_quantity The International System of Quantities (ISQ) consists of the quantities used in physics and in modern science in general, starting with basic quantities such as length and mass, and the relationships between those quantities. This system underlies the International System of Un... |
Electricity Summary Electrical_units Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for: Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment; Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and inte... |
Evolutionary approaches to schizophrenia Benefits to kin Evolutionary_approaches_to_schizophrenia > Schizophrenia as advantageous to individual, kin, and group > Benefits to kin Further research also conveyed that there was no survival advantages for children whose parents were experiencing symptoms of schizophrenia.Si... |
Identical twin Management of birth Fraternal_twin > Management of birth For otherwise healthy twin pregnancies where both twins are head down a trial of vaginal delivery is recommended at between 37 and 38 weeks. Vaginal delivery in this case does not worsen the outcome for the infant as compared with Caesarean section... |
Power posing Initial claims Power_posing > Initial claims The initial research on power posing was published in 2010. Dana Carney, Amy Cuddy, and Andy Yap claimed that high-power poses "produce power". The study included 42 participants, who were coached by researchers to assume a physical position of power. Hormone le... |
DIDO1 Function DIDO1 > Function Apoptosis, a major form of cell death, is an efficient mechanism for eliminating unwanted cells and is of central importance for development and homeostasis in metazoan animals. In mice, the death inducer-obliterator-1 gene is upregulated by apoptotic signals and encodes a cytoplasmic pr... |
Convergent (continued fraction) Eigenvalues and eigenvectors Continued_fraction > Applications > Eigenvalues and eigenvectors The Lanczos algorithm uses a continued fraction expansion to iteratively approximate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a large sparse matrix. |
He Jiankui affair Related research He_Jiankui_affair > Related research In 2018, his team reported an induction of mutation to produce muscular dystrophy, and simultaneously by another independent Chinese team an induction of growth retardation in monkeys using CRISPR editing. In February 2018, scientists at the Chines... |
Dataveillance Cons Dataveillance > Benefits and concerns > Cons Many social networks have argued that their users forfeit part of their privacy in order to provide their service for free. Several of these companies choose not to fully disclose what data is collected and who it is shared with. When data is volunteered t... |
Helly's theorem Proof Helly's_theorem > Proof We claim that p ∈ ⋂ j = 1 n X j . {\displaystyle p\in \bigcap _{j=1}^{n}X_{j}.} Indeed, consider any j ∈ {1, ..., n}. |
Gauge–gravity duality Monstrous moonshine String_Theory > Connections to mathematics > Monstrous moonshine Group theory is the branch of mathematics that studies the concept of symmetry. For example, one can consider a geometric shape such as an equilateral triangle. There are various operations that one can perform on... |
Video memory Technologies Video_RAM > Technologies Dual-ported video RAM, used in the 1990s and at the time often called "VRAM". SGRAM GDDR SDRAM High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) |
Atomic Physics Electronic configuration Atomic_Physics > Electronic configuration After a certain time, the electron in an excited state will "jump" (undergo a transition) to a lower state. In a neutral atom, the system will emit a photon of the difference in energy, since energy is conserved. If an inner electron has ... |
48-bit computing Summary 48-bit_computing In computer architecture, 48-bit integers can represent 281,474,976,710,656 (248 or 2.814749767×1014) discrete values. This allows an unsigned binary integer range of 0 through 281,474,976,710,655 (248 − 1) or a signed two's complement range of -140,737,488,355,328 (-247) throu... |
Industrial system Selected bibliography of industrial society theory Industrial_society > Selected bibliography of industrial society theory Paris: Gallimard, 1961. Aron, Raymond. La lutte des classes: nouvelles leçons sur les sociétés industrielles. |
Gnome sort Example Gnome_sort > Pseudocode > Example Given an unsorted array, a = , the gnome sort takes the following steps during the while loop. The current position is highlighted in bold and indicated as a value of the variable pos. |
Lazy caterer's sequence Proof Lazy_caterer's_sequence > Proof {\displaystyle f(n)=n+(n-1)+f(n-2).} Expansion of the term f (n − 2) can continue until the last term is reduced to f (0), thus, f ( n ) = n + ( n − 1 ) + ( n − 2 ) + ⋯ + 1 + f ( 0 ) . {\displaystyle f(n)=n+(n-1)+(n-2)+\cdots +1+f(0).} |
Conical refraction Background: Emissionism and selectionism Augustin-Jean_Fresnel > Contributions to physical optics > Polarization > Background: Emissionism and selectionism According to this framework, polarization and the related phenomena of double refraction and partial reflection involved altering the orientation... |
Victor J. Stenger Other essays Victor_J._Stenger > Publications by Stenger > Other essays 21, no. 2, pp. 42–69 Stenger, Victor (2001), "Time's Arrows Point Both Ways: The View From Nowhen" (PDF), Skeptic, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. |
Complex power Reactive power AC_power > Reactive power This allows all reactive power needed by the load to be supplied by the capacitor and not have to be transferred over the transmission lines. This practice saves energy because it reduces the amount of energy that is required to be produced by the utility to do the... |
Exact diagonalization Memory requirements Exact_diagonalization > Memory requirements The dimension of the Hilbert space describing a quantum system scales exponentially with system size. For example, consider a system of N {\displaystyle N} spins localized on fixed lattice sites. The dimension of the on-site basis is ... |
Instantaneous speed Instantaneous speed Speed > Definition > Instantaneous speed Speed at some instant, or assumed constant during a very short period of time, is called instantaneous speed. By looking at a speedometer, one can read the instantaneous speed of a car at any instant. A car travelling at 50 km/h generally ... |
Undecidable problem Summary Algorithmically_unsolvable_problem In computability theory and computational complexity theory, an undecidable problem is a decision problem for which it is proved to be impossible to construct an algorithm that always leads to a correct yes-or-no answer. The halting problem is an example: i... |
Baryogenesis GUT Baryogenesis under Sakharov conditions Baryogenesis > GUT Baryogenesis under Sakharov conditions To account for baryon violation in baryogenesis, such events (including proton decay) can occur in Grand Unification Theories (GUTs) and supersymmetric (SUSY) models via hypothetical massive bosons such as ... |
Data mesh Data mesh in practice Data_mesh > Data mesh in practice Cross-domain unit Addressing C1, organizations should introduce a cross-domain steering unit responsible for strategic planning, use case prioritization, and the enforcement of specific governance rules—especially concerning security, regulatory, and pri... |
Scalar theories of gravitation Additional variations Scalar_theories_of_gravitation > Additional variations Moreover, the Brans–Dicke theory is equal to the independently derived theory of Jordan (hence it is often referred to as the Jordan-Brans–Dicke or JBD theory). The Brans–Dicke theory couples a scalar field with ... |
Rosalind Franklin rover Panoramic Camera (PanCam) Rosalind_Franklin_rover > Pasteur payload > Panoramic Camera (PanCam) PanCam has been designed to perform digital terrain mapping for the rover and to search for morphological signatures of past biological activity preserved on the texture of surface rocks. The PanCam O... |
Molecular Biology Modern molecular biology Biochemical_genetics > Modern molecular biology In the early 2020s, molecular biology entered a golden age defined by both vertical and horizontal technical development. Vertically, novel technologies are allowing for real-time monitoring of biological processes at the atomic ... |
Cell division Degradation Daughter_cells > Degradation With each division the cells telomeres, protective sequences of DNA on the end of a chromosome that prevent degradation of the chromosomal DNA, shorten. This shortening has been correlated to negative effects such as age-related diseases and shortened lifespans in ... |
Protein detection Summary Protein_detection Protein detection is used for clinical diagnosis, treatment and biological research. Protein detection evaluates the concentration and amount of different proteins in a particular specimen. There are different methods and techniques to detect protein in different organisms. |
Biogen Idec Summary Biogen Biogen Inc. is an American multinational biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, specializing in the discovery, development, and delivery of therapies for the treatment of neurological diseases to patients worldwide. |
Glossary of power electronics A Glossary_of_power_electronics > A (electronic) AC (power) conversion Electronic conversion from AC to AC (electronic) AC/DC (power) conversion Electronic conversion from AC to DC or vice versa. AC/DC converter An electronic converter for rectification or inversion or both. angle of overl... |
History of quantum mechanics Application to the hydrogen atom Modern_quantum_theory > Development of modern quantum mechanics > Application to the hydrogen atom The "spin" of the electron. The collective name for these properties is the quantum state of the electron. The quantum state can be described by giving a numbe... |
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute Immunity and Pathogenesis Program Sanford_Burnham_Prebys_Medical_Discovery_Institute > Research > Immunity and Pathogenesis Program Research to understand the regulation and interplay of host immune responses and microbial pathogenesis; also studying viral-host interac... |
Fair division Procedures Fair_division > Procedures A discrete procedure would for instance only involve one person at a time cutting or marking a cake. Continuous procedures involve things like one player moving a knife and the other saying "stop". Another type of continuous procedure involves a person assigning a val... |
Transcript variants Discovery Splice_variant_analysis > Discovery Another mRNA is produced from this pre-mRNA by skipping exon 4, and includes exons 1–3, 5, and 6. It encodes a protein known as CGRP (calcitonin gene related peptide). |
Deterministic algorithm Formal definition Deterministic_algorithm > Formal definition Deterministic algorithms can be defined in terms of a state machine: a state describes what a machine is doing at a particular instant in time. State machines pass in a discrete manner from one state to another. Just after we enter th... |
FOUNDATION fieldbus Summary FOUNDATION_fieldbus Type 1 is Foundation Fieldbus H1, while Type 5 is Foundation Fieldbus HSE. A typical fieldbus segment consists of the following components. H1 card - fieldbus interface card (It is common practice to have redundant H1 cards, but ultimately this is application specific) PS... |
NetBIOS over TCP/IP Name service NetBIOS_over_TCP/IP > Services > Name service They are encapsulated in UDP. Later implementation includes an optional Scope part of the name, making NetBIOS name hierarchical like DNS, but this is seldom used. |
Caudate nucleus Parkinson's disease Caudate_nucleus > Clinical significance > Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease is likely the most studied basal ganglia disorder. Patients with this progressive neurodegenerative disorder often first experience movement related symptoms (the three most common being tremors at rest... |
Triangle geometry Points, lines, and circles associated with a triangle Triangle_(geometry) > Points, lines, and circles associated with a triangle A perpendicular bisector of a side of a triangle is a straight line passing through the midpoint of the side and being perpendicular to it, i.e. forming a right angle with ... |
Resonant tunneling diode Operation Resonant_tunneling_diode > Operation The following process is also illustrated from rightside figure. Depending on the number of barriers and number of confined states inside the well, the process described below could be repeated. |
List of prime numbers Palindromic primes List_of_prime_numbers > Lists of primes by type > Palindromic primes Primes that remain the same when their decimal digits are read backwards. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 101, 131, 151, 181, 191, 313, 353, 373, 383, 727, 757, 787, 797, 919, 929, 10301, 10501, 10601, 11311, 11411, 12421, 127... |
Hash function (cryptography) BLAKE3 Cryptographic_hash > Cryptographic hash algorithms > BLAKE3 BLAKE3, an improved version of BLAKE2, was announced on January 9, 2020. It was created by Jack O'Connor, Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Samuel Neves, and Zooko Wilcox-O'Hearn. BLAKE3 is a single algorithm, in contrast to BLAKE and... |
Factorial function Factorial of zero Factorial > Definition > Factorial of zero 0 ! = 1 , {\textstyle {\tbinom {n}{n}}={\tfrac {n!}{n!0! }}=1,} a binomial coefficient identity that would only be valid with 0 ! |
Interpreted language Just-in-time compilation Interpreted_language > Variations > Just-in-time compilation Further blurring the distinction between interpreters, bytecode interpreters and compilation is just-in-time (JIT) compilation, a technique in which the intermediate representation is compiled to native machine co... |
Theory of imputation Principles Theory_of_imputation > Principles In economics, the theory of imputation, first expounded by Carl Menger, maintains that factor prices are determined by output prices (i.e. the value of factors of production is the individual contribution of each in the final product, but its value is th... |
Replisome Solving the challenges of DNA replication Replisome > Solving the challenges of DNA replication Many of the structural and chemical problems associated with DNA replication are managed by molecular machinery that is highly conserved across organisms. This section discusses how replisome factors solve the stru... |
Nucleophilic acyl substitution Acid halides Nucleophilic_acyl_substitution > Reactions of acyl derivatives > Acid halides While a carbon nucleophile will react with the acid halide first to produce a ketone, the ketone is also susceptible to nucleophilic attack, and can be converted to a tertiary alcohol. For example, ... |
Power literacy Other theories Power_(social_and_political) > Theories > Other theories Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) defined power as a man's "present means, to obtain some future apparent good" (Leviathan, Ch. 10). The thought of Friedrich Nietzsche underlies much 20th century analysis of power. Nietzsche disseminated ide... |
John von Neumann Quantum logic John_von_Neumann > Physics > Quantum mechanics > Quantum logic This latter property can be illustrated by a simple example. Suppose we are dealing with particles (such as electrons) of semi-integral spin (spin angular momentum) for which there are only two possible values: positive or neg... |
Packed storage matrix Code examples (Fortran) Packed_storage_matrix > Code examples (Fortran) the band of A is stored column-by-column in AP. Some elements of AP are unused. ! unpacking the matrix AP to A do j=1,n forall(i=max(1,j-kl):min(m,j+ku)) A(i,j) = AP(i-j,j) end do print *,AP(0,:) ! the diagonal |
Order type Summary Order_type In mathematics, especially in set theory, two ordered sets X and Y are said to have the same order type if they are order isomorphic, that is, if there exists a bijection (each element pairs with exactly one in the other set) f: X → Y {\displaystyle f\colon X\to Y} such that both f and its... |
Active safety Summary Active_safety The term active safety (or primary safety) is used in two distinct ways. The first, mainly in the United States, refers to automobile safety systems that help avoid accidents, such as good steering and brakes. In this context, passive safety refers to features that help reduce the ef... |
Misoprostol Ulcer prevention Misoprostol > Medical uses > Ulcer prevention Misoprostol is used for the prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers. It acts upon gastric parietal cells, inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid by G-protein coupled receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase, which leads to decrease... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.