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Permutation (music) Summary Permutation_(music) In that regard, a musical permutation is a combinatorial permutation from mathematics as it applies to music. Permutations are in no way limited to the twelve-tone serial and atonal musics, but are just as well utilized in tonal melodies especially during the 20th and 21s... |
Sign language Iconicity Sign_language > Linguistics > Iconicity It is defined as a fully grammatical and central aspect of a sign language rather than a peripheral phenomenon.The cognitive linguistics perspective allows for some signs to be fully iconic or partially iconic given the number of correspondences between th... |
Cognitive Model Embodied cognition Cognitive_Model > Dynamical systems > Modern dynamical systems > Open dynamical systems > Embodied cognition In this example, the Scrabble tiles allow the agent to offload working memory demands on to the tiles themselves. Instances where a functionally equivalent external artifact re... |
Genetic imbalance Summary Genetic_imbalance Genetic imbalance is to describe situation when the genome of a cell or organism has more copies of some genes than other genes due to chromosomal rearrangements or aneuploidy. Changes in gene dosage, the number of times a given gene is present in the cell nucleus, can create... |
In-place algorithm Examples In-place_algorithm > Examples Consequently, quicksort needs O(log2 n) additional space. Although this non-constant space technically takes quicksort out of the in-place category, quicksort and other algorithms needing only O(log n) additional pointers are usually considered in-place algorith... |
Bernoulli operator Definition Bernoulli_operator > Definition The left-adjoint of the Frobenius–Perron operator is the Koopman operator or composition operator. The general setting is provided by the Borel functional calculus. As a general rule, the transfer operator can usually be interpreted as a (left-)shift operato... |
M equilibrium Definition M_equilibrium > Definition M equilibrium is based on the following two conditions; Ordinal monotonicity: choice probabilities are ranked the same as the expected payoffs based on players’ beliefs. This replaces the assumption of “perfect maximization”. Ordinal consistency: player’s beliefs yiel... |
Web Assembly Compilers WebAssembly_System_Interface > Compilers As of version 8, a standalone Clang can compile C and C++ to Wasm. Its initial aim was to support compilation from C and C++, though support for other source languages such as Rust, .NET languages and AssemblyScript (TypeScript-like) is also emerging. Afte... |
Implicature Opting out of the cooperative principle Implicature > Conversational implicature > Opting out of the cooperative principle The cooperative principle and the maxims of conversation are not mandatory. A communicator can choose not to be cooperative; she can opt out of the cooperative principle by giving appro... |
Collective operation Gather Collective_operation > Gather We see that the asymptotic runtime is similar to the asymptotic runtime of reduce O ( α log p + β n ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}(\alpha \log p+\beta n)} , but with the addition of a factor p to the term β n {\displaystyle \beta n} . This additional factor i... |
Bouncing ball dynamics Spin and angle of impact Bouncing_ball > Impact > Spin and angle of impact Upon impacting the ground, some translational kinetic energy can be converted to rotational kinetic energy and vice versa depending on the ball's impact angle and angular velocity. If the ball moves horizontally at impact,... |
Cycles per instruction Explanation Cycles_per_instruction > Explanation With pipelining, a new instruction is fetched every clock cycle by exploiting instruction-level parallelism, therefore, since one could theoretically have five instructions in the five pipeline stages at once (one instruction per stage), a differen... |
Power conditioning Uses Active_power_conditioner > Uses Power conditioners vary in function and size, generally according to their use. Some power conditioners provide minimal voltage regulation while others protect against six or more power quality problems. Units may be small enough to mount on a printed circuit boar... |
Mathematical product Commutative rings Product_(mathematics) > Commutative rings Commutative rings have a product operation. |
Cloud computing issues Privacy Cloud_computing_issues > Privacy Privacy advocates have criticized the cloud model for giving hosting companies' greater ease to control—and thus, to monitor at will—communication between host company and end user, and access user data (with or without permission). Instances such as the s... |
Boltzmann entropy History Boltzmann_entropy_formula > History W can be counted using the formula for permutations where i ranges over all possible molecular conditions and "!" denotes factorial. The "correction" in the denominator is due to the fact that identical particles in the same condition are indistinguishable. ... |
Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy Isotope effects IR_spectrum > Isotope effects Thus ν ~ ( 16 O ) ν ~ ( 18 O ) = 9 8 ≈ 832 788 . {\displaystyle {\frac {{\tilde {\nu }}(^{16}\mathrm {O} )}{{\tilde {\nu }}(^{18}\mathrm {O} )}}={\sqrt {\frac {9}{8}}}\approx {\frac {832}{788}}.} The effect of isotopes, both on the vibration and ... |
Object modeling Summary Object_Model In computing, object model has two related but distinct meanings: The properties of objects in general in a specific computer programming language, technology, notation or methodology that uses them. Examples are the object models of Java, the Component Object Model (COM), or Object... |
Acid number Summary Acid_number In chemistry, acid value (AV, acid number, neutralization number or acidity) is a number used to quantify the acidity of a given chemical substance. It is the quantity of base (usually potassium hydroxide (KOH)), expressed as milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the acidic constituen... |
Mechanical impact Summary Mechanical_impact A high-velocity collision (an impact) does not provide sufficient time for these deformations and vibrations to occur. Thus, the struck material behaves as if it were more brittle than it would otherwise be, and the majority of the applied force goes into fracturing the mater... |
Optical scattering Single and multiple scattering Scattering_process > Single and multiple scattering Similarly, multiple scattering can sometimes have somewhat random outcomes, particularly with coherent radiation. The random fluctuations in the multiply scattered intensity of coherent radiation are called speckles. S... |
Epitranscriptome Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Epitranscriptome > Modifications specific to different types of RNA > Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) The family of long non-coding RNAs includes a variety of different kinds of RNA, including, but not limited to, circular RNA (circRNA), nuclear lncRNA, long intergenic non-cod... |
Geography of disability Discrimination in law and policy Geography_of_disability > Discrimination in law and policy During the shift to virtual spaces for work and schooling during the COVID-19 public-health emergency in early 2020, a number of disability advocates noted that many disabled workers have been denied tele... |
Ampere balance Summary Ampere_balance A more complicated version of an Ampere balance, called the Kibble balance, that removes this source of inaccuracy by a calibration step, was invented by Bryan Kibble in 1975. This experimental device was developed at government metrology laboratories worldwide with the goal of pro... |
Acetyl-CoA Intermediates in various pathways Acetyl-coenzyme_A > Functions > Intermediates in various pathways In Cellular Respiration Citric acid cycle: Through a series of chemical reactions, stored energy is released through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into adenosine tr... |
Nonelementary Integral Properties Nonelementary_Integral > Properties Nonelementary antiderivatives can often be evaluated using Taylor series. Even if a function has no elementary antiderivative, its Taylor series can always be integrated term-by-term like a polynomial, giving the antiderivative function as a Taylor s... |
Philosophy of motion Quantum physics Philosophy_of_motion > Modern > Quantum physics Questions of the nature of motion continue to arise in modern physics, with many of the issues of concern to early thinkers arising in different form. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and the clinamen of the Epicureans. |
Visual attention Neuropsychological model Visual_attention > Neuropsychological model In this volume, Luria summarized his three-part global theory of the working brain as being composed of three constantly co-active processes which he described as the; (1) Attention system, (2) Mnestic (memory) system, and (3) Cortica... |
Glossary of genetics (M–Z) M Glossary_of_genetics_(M–Z) > M In molecular biology, any laboratory technique by which one or more genetic mutations are deliberately engineered in order to produce a mutant gene, regulatory element, gene product, or genetically modified organism so that the functions of a genetic locus, pr... |
Imipenem/cilastatin Mechanism of liver injury Imipenem/cilastatin > Side effects > Mechanism of liver injury The cause of the mild, transient serum enzyme elevations during imipenem-cilastatin therapy is not known. The cholestatic hepatitis attributed to imipenem-cilastatin and the carbapenems is probably immunoallergi... |
Identifier (computer languages) Summary Identifier_(computer_languages) In computer programming languages, an identifier is a lexical token (also called a symbol, but not to be confused with the symbol primitive data type) that names the language's entities. Some of the kinds of entities an identifier might denote incl... |
Data cleansing Data quality Data_cleansing > Data quality The term foreign key is borrowed from relational database terminology. Regular expression patterns: Occasionally, text fields will have to be validated this way. |
Callus (cell biology) Uses Callus_(cell_biology) > Uses Callus cells are not necessarily genetically homogeneous because a callus is often made from structural tissue, not individual cells. Nevertheless, callus cells are often considered similar enough for standard scientific analysis to be performed as if on a single ... |
Mechanism synthesis Gear teeth and gear train design Kinematic_synthesis > Gear teeth and gear train design The calculation of the speed ratios for a gear train with conjugate gear teeth becomes a calculation using the ratios of the radii of the pitch circles that make up the gear train.Gear train design uses the desir... |
Dgroups Brief history Dgroups > Brief history As none of the existing knowledge sharing applications were considered suitable, they decided to join forces and build their own system starting from an existing Bellanet platform. Dgroups is online since 2003. After having grown and matured in Bellanet/IDRC as a project, i... |
Functional differential equation Volterra's predator-prey model Functional_differential_equation > Application > Volterra's predator-prey model The Lotka–Volterra predator-prey model was originally developed to observe the population of sharks and fish in the Adriatic Sea; however, this model has been used in many othe... |
Sequential write Definition Sequential_access > Definition The canonical example is the linked list. Indexing into a list that has sequential access requires O(n) time, where n is the index. As a result, many algorithms such as quicksort and binary search degenerate into bad algorithms that are even less efficient than... |
Cryptographic tableau Summary Cryptographic_tableau In cryptography, the tabula recta (from Latin tabula rēcta) is a square table of alphabets, each row of which is made by shifting the previous one to the left. The term was invented by the German author and monk Johannes Trithemius in 1508, and used in his Trithemius ... |
Childhood schizophrenia Diagnosis Childhood_schizophrenia > Diagnosis In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association released the fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5). According to the manual, to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, two diagnostic criteria have to be met over much of the time of a period of at least one month, ... |
Multiple myeloma Side effects Multiple_myeloma > Treatment > Side effects Chemotherapies and stem cell transplants can cause unwanted bleedings and may require platelet transfusions. It was seen that platelet transfusions for people undergoing a chemotherapy or a stem cell transplantation for the prevention of bleeding... |
Prion protein Alzheimer's disease Prion_protein > Diseases caused by PrP misfolding > Alzheimer's disease In mice, this same deletion phenotypically varies between Alzheimer's mouse lines, as hAPPJ20 mice and TgCRND8 mice show a slight increase in epileptic activity, contributing to conflicting results when examining A... |
Baryon Summary Baryonic_particles Each baryon has a corresponding antiparticle (antibaryon) where their corresponding antiquarks replace quarks. For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark; and its corresponding antiparticle, the antiproton, is made of two up antiquarks and one down antiquark. Bec... |
Electronic Control Unit Key elements Electronic_control_module > Key elements Core Microcontroller Memory SRAM EEPROM Flash Inputs Supply Voltage and Ground Digital inputs Analog inputs Outputs Actuator drivers (e.g. injectors, relays, valves) H bridge drivers for servomotors Logic outputs Communication links Housing B... |
Irreversible inhibitor Metabolic regulation Irreversible_inhibition > Applications > Metabolic regulation A key step for the regulation of glycolysis is an early reaction in the pathway catalysed by phosphofructokinase‑1 (PFK1). When ATP levels rise, ATP binds an allosteric site in PFK1 to decrease the rate of the enzy... |
Thiazide diuretics Adverse effects Thiazide_diuretics > Adverse effects This activates the renin–angiotensin system, stimulates the secretion of aldosterone, thus activating Na+/K+-ATPase, increasing excretion of potassium in urine. Therefore, ACE inhibitor and thiazide combination is used to prevent hypokalemia. Hyper... |
Nim (programming language) Compiler Nim_(programming_language) > Compiler This also allows writing applications for iOS and Android. There is also an unofficial LLVM backend, allowing use of the Nim compiler in a stand-alone way.The Nim compiler is self-hosting, meaning it is written in the Nim language. The compiler s... |
Nonlinear least squares Transformation to a linear model Non-linear_least_squares > Computation > Transformation to a linear model Another example of a linear approximation would be, when the model is a simple exponential function, it can be transformed into a linear model by taking logarithms. Graphically this corresp... |
Secular equation Characteristic polynomial of Ak Characteristic_polynomial > Characteristic polynomial of Ak If λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is an eigenvalue of a square matrix A {\displaystyle A} with eigenvector v , {\displaystyle \mathbf {v} ,} then λ k {\displaystyle \lambda ^{k}} is an eigenvalue of A k {\displaysty... |
Minsky machine Formal definition Shepherdson–Sturgis_register_machine > Formal definition A (very) limited set of instructions: the instructions tend to divide into two classes: arithmetic and control. The instructions are drawn from the two classes to form "instruction-sets", such that an instruction set must allow th... |
Meridional overturning circulation Upwelling Meridional_overturning_circulation > Upwelling All these dense water masses sinking into the ocean basins displace the older deep-water masses that were made less dense by ocean mixing. To maintain a balance, water must be rising elsewhere. However, because this thermohaline... |
Chromatin remodelling Specific functions Epigenetic_remodeling > Classification > ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling > Specific functions Several in-vitro experiments suggest that ISWI remodelers organize nucleosome into proper bundle form and create equal spacing between nucleosomes, whereas SWI/SNF remodelers disorde... |
Contraction (geometry) Firmly non-expansive mapping Contraction_(geometry) > Firmly non-expansive mapping The class of firmly non-expansive maps is closed under convex combinations, but not compositions. This class includes proximal mappings of proper, convex, lower-semicontinuous functions, hence it also includes orth... |
TreeBASE Summary TreeBASE TreeBASE was a repository of phylogenetic data published in scientific journals. In phylogenetic studies, research data are collected or generated, such as comparative observations (e.g. character state matrices or multiple sequence alignments) made on a set of taxa, metadata about these taxa,... |
P ≠ NP Example P_=_NP_problem > Example Researchers have shown that many of the problems in NP have the extra property that a fast solution to any one of them could be used to build a quick solution to any other problem in NP, a property called NP-completeness. Decades of searching have not yielded a fast solution to a... |
Continuous distribution Discrete probability distribution Absolutely_continuous_random_variable > Discrete probability distribution {\displaystyle n=1,2,...} , the sum of probabilities would be 1 / 2 + 1 / 4 + 1 / 8 + ⋯ = 1 {\displaystyle 1/2+1/4+1/8+\dots =1} . Well-known discrete probability distributions used in sta... |
Coproduct (category theory) Summary Coproduct_(category_theory) In category theory, the coproduct, or categorical sum, is a construction which includes as examples the disjoint union of sets and of topological spaces, the free product of groups, and the direct sum of modules and vector spaces. The coproduct of a family... |
Social ecological model Applications Social_ecological_model > Applications In personal health: to prevent illnesses, a person should avoid an environment in which they may be more susceptible to contracting a virus or where their immune system would be weakened. This also includes possibly removing oneself from a pote... |
Completeness of the real numbers Forms of completeness Completeness_axiom > Forms of completeness The real numbers can be defined synthetically as an ordered field satisfying some version of the completeness axiom. Different versions of this axiom are all equivalent in the sense that any ordered field that satisfies on... |
Entropy Information theory Entropy > Approaches to understanding entropy > Information theory If W {\displaystyle W} is the number of microstates that can yield a given macrostate, and each microstate has the same a priori probability, then that probability is p = 1 / W {\displaystyle p=1/W} . The Shannon entropy (in n... |
Momentum Conservation in a continuum Conservation_of_Momentum > In deformable bodies and fluids > Conservation in a continuum Per unit volume, the rate of change in momentum is equal to ρDv/Dt. This is equal to the net force on the droplet. Forces that can change the momentum of a droplet include the gradient of the pr... |
Natal Chart The Zodiac Horoscope > Concepts in Western astrology > The Zodiac The tropical zodiac defines the vernal point (the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere) as the first degree of Aries, but the sidereal zodiac allows it to precess. Many people are confused regarding the difference between the sidere... |
Spindle cell Clinical significance Spindle_cell > Clinical significance Abnormal von Economo neuron development may be linked to several psychotic disorders, typically those characterized by distortions of reality, disturbances of thought, disturbances of language, and withdrawal from social contact. Altered von Econom... |
Conversational implicature Opting out of the cooperative principle Conversational_implicature > Conversational implicature > Opting out of the cooperative principle The cooperative principle and the maxims of conversation are not mandatory. A communicator can choose not to be cooperative; she can opt out of the coopera... |
Antiroll tanks Active antiroll tanks Antiroll_tanks > Active antiroll tanks The border between controlled-passive and active stabilisation is not that distinct. Active stabilisation generally implies that the system requires the use of machinery of significant power and the system must be much more effective in reducin... |
Natural Selection 2 Summary Natural_Selection_2 Natural Selection 2 is a multiplayer video game which combines first-person shooter and real-time strategy rules. It is set in a science fiction universe in which a human team fights an alien team for control of resources and territory in large and elaborate indoor facili... |
Hormonal medication Hormone-behavior interactions Hormone > Hormone-behavior interactions At the neurological level, behavior can be inferred based on hormone concentration, which in turn are influenced by hormone-release patterns; the numbers and locations of hormone receptors; and the efficiency of hormone receptors ... |
History of molecular theory 20th century History_of_molecular_theory > 20th century Their work was an influence on Pauling, who had just received his doctorate and visited Heitler and London in Zürich on a Guggenheim Fellowship. Subsequently, in 1931, building on the work of Heitler and London and on theories found in ... |
Somatic cells Summary Vegetative_cell In cellular biology, a somatic cell (from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma) 'body'), or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell. Such cells compose the body of an organism and... |
Axiom of Extensionality Interpretation Axiom_of_Extensionality > Interpretation We can then introduce a new symbol for A {\displaystyle A} ; it's in this way that definitions in ordinary mathematics ultimately work when their statements are reduced to purely set-theoretic terms. The axiom of extensionality is generally... |
Noise-induced hearing loss Sound or stress training Noise-induced_hearing_loss > Prevention > Sound or stress training The study revealed that the stressor (sound, heat, or stress) conditioning increases the receptibility to glucocorticoid, a kind of anti-inflammatory hormone. The effects of glucocorticoid thus mitigat... |
Invariable plane Terminology and definition Invariable_plane > Terminology and definition This plane is sometimes called the "Laplacian" or "Laplace plane" or the "invariable plane of Laplace", though it should not be confused with the Laplace plane, which is the plane about which the individual orbital planes of plane... |
Improper axis of rotation Reflection through mirror planes Symmetry_operation > Molecules > Reflection through mirror planes If the plane of symmetry contains the principal axis of the molecule (i.e., the molecular z-axis), it is designated as a vertical mirror plane, which is indicated by a subscript v (σv). If the pl... |
Marine Sediment Texture Seafloor_sediments > Texture A high degree of sorting can also indicate maturity, because over time the smaller particles will be washed away, and a given amount of energy will move particles of a similar size over the same distance. Lastly, the older and more mature a sediment the higher the qu... |
Unsupervised classification Method of moments Unsupervised_machine_learning > Probabilistic methods > Method of moments Latent variable models are statistical models where in addition to the observed variables, a set of latent variables also exists which is not observed. A highly practical example of latent variable mo... |
Organosulfur compounds Sulfoxides, sulfones and thiosulfinates Organosulfur_compounds > Classes > Sulfoxides, sulfones and thiosulfinates A sulfoxide, R−S(O)−R, is the S-oxide of a sulfide ("sulfide oxide"), a sulfone, R−S(O)2−R, is the S,S-dioxide of a sulfide, a thiosulfinate, R−S(O)−S−R, is the S-oxide of a disulfid... |
Group (periodic table) CAS and old IUPAC numbering (A/B) Periodic_table_group > CAS and old IUPAC numbering (A/B) Two earlier group number systems exist: CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) and old IUPAC. Both use numerals (Arabic or Roman) and letters A and B. Both systems agree on the numbers. The numbers indicate appro... |
Current transformer Use Current_transformer > Use Under normal conditions, the current in the two circuit wires will be equal and flow in opposite directions, resulting in zero net current through the CT and no current in the secondary coil. If the supply current is redirected downstream into the third (ground) circuit... |
Pulse-Doppler radar Benefits Pulse-Doppler_radar > Principle > Benefits Sensitivity must be reduced near clutter to avoid overload. This vulnerability begins in the low-elevation region several beam widths above the horizon, and extends downward. This also exists throughout the volume of moving air associated with weat... |
Sporophyte Life cycle Sporophyte > Life cycle The sporophyte produces spores (hence the name) by meiosis, a process also known as "reduction division" that reduces the number of chromosomes in each spore mother cell by half. The resulting meiospores develop into a gametophyte. Both the spores and the resulting gametoph... |
HIV transmission Summary Acquired_Immunodeficiency_Syndrome Without treatment a person living with HIV can expect to live for 11 years. Early testing can show if treatment is needed to stop this progression and to prevent infecting others. HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal and vaginal sex), con... |
Garbage disposal Operation Garbage_disposal > Operation Some covers manipulate a mechanical switch while others allow magnets in the cover to align with magnets in the unit. Small slits in the cover allow water to flow through. Batch feed models are considered safer, since the top of the disposal is covered during oper... |
Catalytic heater Functions Catalytic_heater > Functions Catalytic heaters serve many functions, especially in the oil and gas industries. They are useful where heat production is necessary at a controlled rate. Typically used in Thermoelectric Generators (TEG's or thermopiles) off of raw well gas or H2S to create enoug... |
Non-radiative recombination Electron traps vs. hole traps Auger_Recombination > Non-radiative recombination > Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) > Types of traps > Electron traps vs. hole traps Even though all the recombination events can be described in terms of electron movements, it is common to visualize the different proces... |
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military Summary Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military The security and defence related aspects including the missions, operations and training were adversely affected with the Covid-19. The broad spread of Covid can limit the defence forces' ability to carry out a missi... |
Automation bias Automation-induced complacency Automation_bias > Automation-induced complacency It has been proposed, indeed, that the concepts of complacency and automation bias be combined into a single "integrative concept" because these two concepts "might represent different manifestations of overlapping automatio... |
Analog automata Variant definitions of automata Theory_of_automata > Variant definitions of automata And, their relative expressive power? (Language hierarchy)Automata theory also studies the existence or nonexistence of any effective algorithms to solve problems similar to the following list: Does an automaton accept ... |
POS tagger Dynamic programming methods Part-of-speech_tagging > History > Dynamic programming methods In 1987, Steven DeRose and Kenneth W. Church independently developed dynamic programming algorithms to solve the same problem in vastly less time. Their methods were similar to the Viterbi algorithm known for some time... |
Scarlet fever Treatment Scarlet_fever > Treatment If the person is allergic to the family of antibiotics which both penicillin and amoxicillin are a part of (beta-lactam antibiotics), a first generation cephalosporin is used. Cephalosporin antibiotics, however, can still cause adverse reactions in people whose allergic... |
Vibration isolation Common passive isolation systems Vibration_isolation > Passive isolation > Common passive isolation systems Base isolators for seismic isolation of buildings, bridges, etc. Base isolators made of layers of neoprene and steel with a low horizontal stiffness are used to lower the natural frequency of ... |
Murine leukemia virus Replication cycle Murine_leukemia_virus > Replication cycle The viral DNA integrated into the host genome is called “provirus”. It is copied and translated by normal host-cell machinery. |
Ocean surface wave Formation Wave_action > Formation Since the wind speed profile is logarithmic to the water surface, the curvature has a negative sign at this point. This relation shows the wind flow transferring its kinetic energy to the water surface at their interface. Assumptions: two-dimensional parallel shear f... |
Discriminative model Advantages Discriminative_model > Contrast with generative model > Advantages and disadvantages in application > Advantages Significant advantages of using discriminative modeling are: Higher accuracy, which mostly leads to better learning result. Allows simplification of the input and provides a d... |
Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry Kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects Hydrogen_isotope_biogeochemistry > Physical chemistry > Kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects The stability of the lower energy drives the products to be enriched in deuterium relative to reactants. Conversely, under kinetic conditions, reaction... |
DNS zone Forward DNS zones DNS_zone > Forward DNS zones DNS zones contain the records for mapping domain names to IP addresses or other information. The resolution of a domain name to its assigned information is also referred to as forward resolution, and the DNS zones associated with such processes are often referred ... |
Refal programming language Factorial with loops Refal > Other examples > Factorial with loops Fact { s.n = ; }; Loop { 0 s.f = s.f; s.n s.f = <* s.n s.f>>; } As can be seen s.n acts as the loop counter. |
Nuclear notation Chemical and molecular properties Isotope > Variation in properties between isotopes > Chemical and molecular properties (Heavy elements also have relatively more neutrons than lighter elements, so the ratio of the nuclear mass to the collective electronic mass is slightly greater.) There is also an eq... |
Infrared signature Summary Infrared_signature Infrared signature, as used by defense scientists and the military, is the appearance of objects to infrared sensors. An infrared signature depends on many factors, including the shape and size of the object, temperature, and emissivity, reflection of external sources (eart... |
Catalyst poisoning Hydrodesulfurization catalysts Catalyst_poisoning > Hydrodesulfurization catalysts In the purification of petroleum products, the process of hydrodesulfurization is utilized. Thiols, such as thiophene, are reduced using H2 to produce H2S and hydrocarbons of varying chain length. Common catalysts used... |
Phaedon Avouris Representative Publications Phaedon_Avouris > Representative Publications Lyo and Ph. Avouris (1989). "Negative Differential Resistance on the Atomic Scale: Implications for Atomic Scale Devices". |
Nondeterministic finite automata Informal introduction Nondeterministic_Finite_Automaton > Informal introduction There are two ways to describe the behavior of an NFA, and both of them are equivalent. The first way makes use of the nondeterminism in the name of an NFA. For each input symbol, the NFA transitions to a ne... |
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