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Amount of substance concentration Units Analytical_concentration > Units In the International System of Units (SI) the coherent unit for molar concentration is mol/m3. However, this is inconvenient for most laboratory purposes and most chemical literature traditionally uses mol/dm3, which is the same as mol/L. This tra... |
Frobenius-Perron eigenvector Algebraic graph theory Primitive_matrix > Applications > Algebraic graph theory The theorem has particular use in algebraic graph theory. The "underlying graph" of a nonnegative n-square matrix is the graph with vertices numbered 1, ..., n and arc ij if and only if Aij ≠ 0. If the underlyin... |
Multi-variable function General definition Real_multivariate_function > General definition In other words, a real-valued function of n real variables is a function f: X → R {\displaystyle f:X\to \mathbb {R} } such that its domain X is a subset of Rn that contains a nonempty open set. An element of X being an n-tuple (x... |
Quasi-random sequence Summary Quasi-random_sequences In mathematics, a low-discrepancy sequence is a sequence with the property that for all values of N, its subsequence x1, ..., xN has a low discrepancy. Roughly speaking, the discrepancy of a sequence is low if the proportion of points in the sequence falling into an ... |
Alluvial fans Summary Alluvial_fans Alluvial fans typically form where flow emerges from a confined channel and is free to spread out and infiltrate the surface. This reduces the carrying capacity of the flow and results in deposition of sediments. The flow can take the form of infrequent debris flows or one or more ep... |
Ground effect (cars) Theory Ground_effect_(cars) > Theory In racing cars, a designer's aim is for increased downforce and grip to achieve higher cornering speeds. A substantial amount of downforce is available by understanding the ground to be part of the aerodynamic system in question, hence the name "ground effect". ... |
Terra (blockchain) Design Terra_(blockchain) > Design Terra is a blockchain that leverages fiat-pegged stablecoins to power a payment system. For consensus the Terra blockchain uses a proof-of-stake codesign. Several stablecoins are built atop the Terra protocol, including TerraUSD, which was the third largest stableco... |
Solar phenomena Sun Solar_phenomena > Sun The energy of this sunlight supports almost all life on Earth by photosynthesis, and drives Earth's climate and weather. As recently as the 19th century scientists had little knowledge of the Sun's physical composition and source of energy. This understanding is still developin... |
Test vector Summary Test_vector In computer science and engineering, a test vector is a set of inputs provided to a system in order to test that system. In software development, test vectors are a methodology of software testing and software verification and validation. |
International trade law Summary International_trade_law International trade law includes the appropriate rules and customs for handling trade between countries. However, it is also used in legal writings as trade between private sectors. This branch of law is now an independent field of study as most governments have b... |
Optical Fourier transform Fourier transforming property of lenses Fourier_optics > Applications of Fourier optics principles > Fourier transforming property of lenses We'll consider one such plane wave component, propagating at angle θ with respect to the optic axis. It is assumed that θ is small (paraxial approximatio... |
Adrenal insufficiency Summary Adrenal_insufficiency Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones. The adrenal glands, also referred to as adrenal cortex normally secretes glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol), mineralocorticoids (primarily aldostero... |
Parallel breadth-first search Parallel BFS with shared memory Parallel_breadth-first_search > Parallel BFS with shared memory There is a trade-off between the cost for synchronization and data locality according to the place where the data is stored. These two data structures can be held in every processing entity (suc... |
Gross substitutes (indivisible items) Gross Substitutes (GS) Gross-substitute_valuations > Definitions > Gross Substitutes (GS) The original GS definition is based on a price vector and a demand set. A price vector p {\displaystyle p} is a vector containing a price for each item. Given a utility function u {\displaysty... |
Bacterial skin infection Bacterial Bacterial_skin_disease > Causes > Bacterial Bacterial skin infections affected about 155 million people and cellulitis occurred in about 600 million people in 2013. Bacterial skin infections include: Cellulitis, a diffuse inflammation of connective tissue with severe inflammation of d... |
Techniques of genetic engineering TALEN and CRISPR Techniques_of_genetic_engineering > Gene insertion targeting > TALEN and CRISPR Targeted DNA repair is possible by providing a donor DNA template that represents the desired change and that is (sometimes) used for double-strand break repair by homologous recombination.... |
Immunologic adjuvant Adaptive immune response Immunologic_adjuvant > Adaptive immune response This means the organism will be exposed to the antigen for a longer duration, making the immune system more robust as it makes use of the additional time by upregulating the production of B and T cells needed for greater immun... |
Construct validity History Construct_validity > History Throughout the 1940s scientists had been trying to come up with ways to validate experiments prior to publishing them. The result of this was a plethora of different validities (intrinsic validity, face validity, logical validity, empirical validity, etc.). This m... |
Reaction mixture Elementary reactions Reaction_conditions > Elementary reactions In the second case, both electrons of the chemical bond remain with one of the products, resulting in charged ions. Dissociation plays an important role in triggering chain reactions, such as hydrogen–oxygen or polymerization reactions. AB... |
Secure Erase Association rule mining Secure_Erase > Applications of data sanitization > Association rule mining One type of data sanitization is rule based PPDM, which uses defined computer algorithms to clean datasets. Association rule hiding is the process of data sanitization as applied to transactional databases. T... |
Binary large object Summary Binary_large_object A binary large object (BLOB or blob) is a collection of binary data stored as a single entity. Blobs are typically images, audio or other multimedia objects, though sometimes binary executable code is stored as a blob. They can exist as persistent values inside some datab... |
GRASP (object-oriented design) High cohesion GRASP_(object-oriented_design) > Patterns > High cohesion Alternatively, low cohesion is a situation in which a set of elements, of e.g., a subsystem, has too many unrelated responsibilities. Subsystems with low cohesion between their constituent elements often suffer from b... |
Chaotic cryptology Summary Chaotic_cryptology Since chaotic maps in a real life scenario require a set of numbers that are limited, they may, in fact, have no real purpose in a cryptosystem if the chaotic behavior can be predicted. One of the most important issues for any cryptographic primitive is the security of the ... |
Novel virus Host defence mechanisms Virus_structure > Role in human disease > Host defence mechanisms HIV evades the immune system by constantly changing the amino acid sequence of the proteins on the surface of the virion. This is known as "escape mutation" as the viral epitopes escape recognition by the host immune r... |
Continuous (topology) Summary Topological_continuity Continuity is one of the core concepts of calculus and mathematical analysis, where arguments and values of functions are real and complex numbers. The concept has been generalized to functions between metric spaces and between topological spaces. The latter are the ... |
Animal cell Capsule Cellular_processes > Structures outside the cell membrane > Prokaryotic > Capsule A gelatinous capsule is present in some bacteria outside the cell membrane and cell wall. The capsule may be polysaccharide as in pneumococci, meningococci or polypeptide as Bacillus anthracis or hyaluronic acid as in ... |
Hippocratic Corpus Natural vs. divine causality Hippocratic_Corpus > Content > Theoretical and methodological reflections > Natural vs. divine causality An exception to this rule is found in Dreams (Regime IV), in which prayers to the gods are prescribed alongside more typically Hippocratic interventions. Though materi... |
Diameter (protocol) Message flows Diameter_(protocol) > Protocol description > Message flows The communication between two diameter peers starts with the establishment of a transport connection (TCP or SCTP). The initiator then sends a Capabilities-Exchange-Request (CER) to the other peer, which responds with a Capabil... |
Isotopes of seaborgium Hot fusion Isotopes_of_seaborgium > Nucleosynthesis > Hot fusion This section deals with the synthesis of nuclei of seaborgium by so-called "hot" fusion reactions. These are processes that create compound nuclei at high excitation energy (~40–50 MeV, hence "hot"), leading to a reduced probability... |
Bayesian epistemology Social epistemology Bayesian_epistemology > Applications > Social epistemology Social epistemology studies the relevance of social factors for knowledge. In the field of science, for example, this is relevant since individual scientists have to place their trust in some claimed discoveries of othe... |
Five prime cap Function Five-prime_cap > Function Decapping of a 7-methylguanylate-capped mRNA is catalyzed by the decapping complex made up of at least Dcp1 and Dcp2, which must compete with eIF4E to bind the cap. Thus the 7-methylguanylate cap is a marker of an actively translating mRNA and is used by cells to regula... |
Cadwork informatik AG Products and technical details Cadwork_informatik_AG > Products > Products and technical details Height information is particularly suitable for construction planning while transitioning from 2D to the 3D module, which in 3d provides for developing a tender for construction project competitions. A... |
Single user mode Unix family Single_user_mode > Unix family Unix-like operating systems provide single-user mode functionality either through the System V-style runlevels, BSD-style boot-loader options, or other boot-time options. The run-level is usually changed using the init command, runlevel 1 or S will boot into s... |
Last geometric statement of Jacobi Summary Last_geometric_statement_of_Jacobi In differential geometry the last geometric statement of Jacobi is a conjecture named after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi. According to this conjecture: Every caustic from any point p {\displaystyle p} on an ellipsoid other than umbilical points h... |
Metrication opposition Government compulsion Metrication_opposition > Political arguments > Government compulsion The Board of Trade initiated metrication in 1965, with a target completion date of 1975 and the Metrication Board was established in 1968, five years before the UK actually joined the European Economic Comm... |
Frequentist interpretation of probability History Statistical_probability > History He is also credited with some appreciation for subjective probability (prior to and without Bayes theorem). Gauss and Laplace used frequentist (and other) probability in derivations of the least squares method a century later, a generat... |
Ozone depleting Interest in ozone layer depletion Ozone_Depletion > Ozone hole and its causes > Interest in ozone layer depletion The sudden identification in 1985 that there was a substantial "hole" was widely reported in the press. The especially rapid ozone depletion in Antarctica had previously been dismissed as a ... |
Pearson's chi-square test Summary Pearson_chi-squared_test It tests a null hypothesis stating that the frequency distribution of certain events observed in a sample is consistent with a particular theoretical distribution. The events considered must be mutually exclusive and have total probability 1. A common case for ... |
Insulin sensitivity Lifestyle factors Insulin_Resistance > Cause > Lifestyle factors Dietary factors likely contribute to insulin resistance, however, causative foods are difficult to determine given the limitations of nutrition research. Foods that have independently been linked to insulin resistance include those hig... |
Bell polynomial Determinant forms Bell_polynomials > Properties > Determinant forms }}&\cdots &\cdots &{\frac {x_{n-2}}{(n-3)! }}\\\\0&0&-3&{\frac {x_{1}}{0! |
Purinergic signalling Respiratory system Purinergic_signalling > Purinergic signalling in humans > Respiratory system ATP and adenosine are crucial regulators of mucociliary clearance. The secretion of mucin involves P2RY2 receptors found on the apical membrane of goblet cells. Extracellular ATP signals acting on glial... |
Naperian logarithm Properties Napier's_logarithm > Properties Napier's "logarithm" is related to the natural logarithm by the relation N a p L o g ( x ) ≈ 10000000 ( 16.11809565 − ln x ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {NapLog} (x)\approx 10000000(16.11809565-\ln x)} and to the common logarithm by N a p L o g ( x ) ≈ 23025851... |
Periodic motion Driven oscillations Coupled_oscillation > Driven oscillations Some systems can be excited by energy transfer from the environment. This transfer typically occurs where systems are embedded in some fluid flow. For example, the phenomenon of flutter in aerodynamics occurs when an arbitrarily small displac... |
Geometric mean Application to normalized values Arithmetic–harmonic_mean > Application to normalized values However, by presenting appropriately normalized values and using the arithmetic mean, we can show either of the other two computers to be the fastest. Normalizing by A's result gives A as the fastest computer acc... |
Classifier constructions in sign languages Classification Classifier_handshape > Description > Classification In 1993, Engberg-Pedersen grouped the handshapes used in classifier constructions in four categories: Whole entity classifiers: The handshape represents an object. It can also represent a non-physical concept, ... |
Dietary protein Anaerobic exercise protein needs Crude_protein > Dietary recommendations > Anaerobic exercise protein needs Research also indicates that individuals performing strength training activity require more protein than sedentary individuals. Strength-training athletes may increase their daily protein intake t... |
Tractable problem Works on complexity Space_complexity_theory > Works on complexity Wuppuluri, Shyam; Doria, Francisco A., eds. (2020), Unravelling Complexity: The Life and Work of Gregory Chaitin, World Scientific, doi:10.1142/11270, ISBN 978-981-12-0006-9, S2CID 198790362 |
Intermediate code generation Summary Code_generation_(compiler) In computing, code generation is part of the process chain of a compiler and converts intermediate representation of source code into a form (e.g., machine code) that can be readily executed by the target system. Sophisticated compilers typically perform m... |
Bombus transversalis Colony Cycle Bombus_transversalis > Colony Cycle The Bombus transversalis colony cycle is based on the season of the year. Colonies are formed during the wet season. During this time the colony is continually developing. When the dry season comes, they become reproductively active for a few months.... |
Rubber elasticity Variation of tensile stress with temperature Rubber_elasticity > Experiments > Variation of tensile stress with temperature This rule is only valid so long as the energy is restricted to thermal states of molecules. If a rubber sample is stretched far enough, energy may reside in non-thermal states su... |
Polynomial kernel Summary Polynomial_kernel In machine learning, the polynomial kernel is a kernel function commonly used with support vector machines (SVMs) and other kernelized models, that represents the similarity of vectors (training samples) in a feature space over polynomials of the original variables, allowing ... |
Ars Conjectandi Contents Ars_Conjectandi > Contents In this section, Bernoulli differs from the school of thought known as frequentism, which defined probability in an empirical sense. As a counter, he produces a result resembling the law of large numbers, which he describes as predicting that the results of observatio... |
Cardio-vascular diseases Prevention Cardiovascular_disorder > Prevention Decrease non-HDL cholesterol. Statin treatment reduces cardiovascular mortality by about 31%. Stopping smoking and avoidance of second-hand smoke. |
Calculus on Euclidean space Derivative of a map and chain rule Calculus_on_Euclidean_space > Basic notions > Derivative of a map and chain rule That is, each component of f {\displaystyle f} is differentiable at x {\displaystyle x} in each variable with the derivative ∂ f i ∂ x j ( x ) {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial f... |
Stable isotope composition of amino acids Summary Stable_isotope_composition_of_amino_acids Carbon skeletons from these diverse sources are further modified before transamination, the addition of an amino group that completes amino acid biosynthesis. Bonds to heavy isotopes are stronger than bonds to light isotopes, ma... |
Tertiary endosymbiotic events Summary Endosymbiont In horizontal transmission, each new generation acquires free living symbionts from the environment. An example is the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in certain plant roots. Vertical transmission takes place when the symbiont is transferred directly from parent to offspring. |
Numerical modeling (geology) Lagrangian Numerical_modeling_(geology) > Computation > Kinematic descriptions > Lagrangian The Lagrangian approach, on the other hand, considers the change of physical quantities, such as the volume, of fixed elements of matter over time. It is similar to looking at a certain collection of... |
Conical intersection Categorization by symmetry of intersecting electronic states Conical_intersection > Categorization by symmetry of intersecting electronic states It is called accidental because the states may or may not be degenerate when the symmetry is present. Movement along one of the dimensions along which the... |
Electronic waste Cryptocurrency e-waste Electronic_waste > Global trade issues > Cryptocurrency e-waste Furthermore, the rate at which Bitcoin disposes of its waste exceeds that of major financial organizations such as VISA, which produces 40 grams of waste for every 100,000 transactions.A major point of concern is the... |
Moore neighborhood Algorithm Moore_neighborhood > Algorithm Let b denote the backtrack of c (i.e. neighbor pixel of p that was previously tested) Begin Set B to be empty. From bottom to top and left to right scan the cells of T until a black pixel, s, of P is found. Insert s in B. Set the current boundary point p to s ... |
P53 protein Structure TP53_gene > Structure As such, mutations in the DBD are recessive loss-of-function mutations. Molecules of p53 with mutations in the OD dimerise with wild-type p53, and prevent them from activating transcription. Therefore, OD mutations have a dominant negative effect on the function of p53. |
Steam methane reforming Challenges with reformers supplying fuel cells Steam_reforming > Steam reforming at small scale > For fuel cells > Challenges with reformers supplying fuel cells H2S, the main product in the reforming of organic sulfur, can bind to all transition metal catalysts to form metal–sulfur bonds and su... |
Verbal Behavior Logical and scientific Verbal_Behavior > Logical and scientific The special audience in this case is one concerned with "successful action". Special methods of stimulus control are encouraged that will allow for maximum effectiveness. Skinner notes that "graphs, models, tables" are forms of texts that a... |
C2 photosynthesis Photorespiratory reactions Photorespiration > Photorespiratory reactions Glycerate reenters the chloroplast and by the same transporter that exports glycolate. A cost of 1 ATP is associated with conversion to 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) (Phosphorylation), within the chloroplast, which is then free to re-... |
Chest pain Hospital care Chest_pain > Management > Hospital care Hospital care of chest pain begins with initial survey of a person's vital signs, airway and breathing, and level of consciousness. This may also include attachment of ECG leads, cardiac monitors, intravenous lines and other medical devices depending on i... |
Transformer (machine learning model) Positional encoding Transformer_(neural_network) > Architecture > Encoder > Positional encoding In the original paper, the authors chose N = 10000 {\displaystyle N=10000} . The function is in a simpler form when written as a complex function of type f: R → C d / 2 {\displaystyle f:\... |
Covariance intersection Application Covariance_intersection > Application CI can be used in place of the conventional Kalman update equations to ensure that the resulting estimate is conservative, regardless of the correlation between the two estimates, with covariance strictly non-increasing according to the chosen me... |
Phosphodiester backbone Summary DNA_strand Deoxyribonucleic acid ( ; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses. DNA... |
Replisome DNA polymerase epsilon Replisome > Solving the challenges of DNA replication > High-fidelity DNA replication > DNA polymerase epsilon This polymerase synthesizes leading strand DNA in eukaryotes. (Thought to form an asymmetric dimer with DNA polymerase delta.) |
Gnuplot Features Gnuplot > Features gnuplot can produce output directly on screen, or in many formats of graphics files, including Portable Network Graphics (PNG), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), JPEG and many others. It is also capable of producing LaTeX code that can be included directl... |
Stress space Summary Stress_space In continuum mechanics, Haigh–Westergaard stress space, or simply stress space is a 3-dimensional space in which the three spatial axes represent the three principal stresses of a body subject to stress. This space is named after Bernard Haigh and Harold M. Westergaard. In mathematical... |
Einstellung effect Luchins and Luchins water jar experiment Einstellung_effect > Luchins and Luchins water jar experiment The water jar test, first described in Abraham S. Luchins' 1942 classic experiment, is a commonly cited example of an Einstellung situation. The experiment's participants were given the following pr... |
Human genome sequence map Summary Protein-coding_gene Although the sequence of the human genome has been completely determined by DNA sequencing in 2022 (including methylation), it is not yet fully understood. Most, but not all, genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformat... |
Invention of radio Summary Invention_of_radio Several inventors/experimenters came across the phenomenon of radio waves before its existence was proven; it was written off as electromagnetic induction at the time. The discovery of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz in the 1880s came ... |
Vector superfield Gauge theory Vector_superfield > Gauge theory A local symmetry is a symmetry which is position dependent. Gauge symmetry is an example of a local symmetry, with the symmetry described by a Lie group (which mathematically describe continuous symmetries), which in the context of gauge theory is called t... |
Hardening (metallurgy) Applications Hardening_(metallurgy) > Applications Material hardening is required for many applications: Machine cutting tools (drill bits, taps, lathe tools) need be much harder than the material they are operating on in order to be effective. Knife blades – a high hardness blade keeps a sharp e... |
Gene drives Spreading in the population Gene_drive > Mechanism > Spreading in the population Since it can never more than double in frequency with each generation, a gene drive introduced in a single individual typically requires dozens of generations to affect a substantial fraction of a population. Alternatively, rel... |
Broadband viscoelastic spectroscopy Design Broadband_viscoelastic_spectroscopy > Design This spatial waveform is converted to an electrical one by a light detector and read out on an oscilloscope. This oscilloscope also displays the torque or force waveform from the capacitor driving the current in the Helmholtz coils.... |
DNA replication stress Replication fork DNA_replication_stress > Replication fork In this situation, the fork protection complex (FPC) is recruited to help maintain this linkage.In addition to stalling and maintaining the fork structure, protein phosphorylation can also create a signal cascade for replication restart. ... |
Microsoft Active Accessibility Implementations of Microsoft Active Accessibility Microsoft_Active_Accessibility > Implementations of Microsoft Active Accessibility Active Accessibility is available for developers in all versions of Windows since Windows 95. Since its original introduction, MSAA has been used as a way t... |
Symbolic integration Recent advances Symbolic_integration > Recent advances Holonomic functions are closed under addition and multiplication, derivation, and antiderivation. They include algebraic functions, exponential function, logarithm, sine, cosine, inverse trigonometric functions, inverse hyperbolic functions. Th... |
Root mean square error Mean absolute error Root_mean_square_error > Mean absolute error Some researchers have recommended the use of the mean absolute error (MAE) instead of the root mean square deviation. MAE possesses advantages in interpretability over RMSD. MAE is the average of the absolute values of the errors. M... |
Solar irradiation Summary Solar_flux Solar irradiance is the power per unit area (surface power density) received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument. Solar irradiance is measured in watts per square metre (W/m2) in SI units. Solar irradiance is ofte... |
Bovine tuberculosis Global Bovine_tuberculosis > Epidemiology and control > Global To improve control and eliminate bTB, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency has split Manitoba into two management areas: The Riding Mountain TB eradication area, where the disease has been found, and the Manitoba TB Eradication Area, the ... |
Mean value analysis Summary Mean_value_analysis In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, mean value analysis (MVA) is a recursive technique for computing expected queue lengths, waiting time at queueing nodes and throughput in equilibrium for a closed separable system of queues. T... |
Primitive recursive functions Truncated subtraction Primitive_recursive > Examples > Truncated subtraction The limited subtraction function (also called "monus", and denoted " − . {\displaystyle {\stackrel {. }{-}}} ") is definable from the predecessor function. It satisfies the equations y − . |
Standard algorithms Summary Standard_algorithms In elementary arithmetic, a standard algorithm or method is a specific method of computation which is conventionally taught for solving particular mathematical problems. These methods vary somewhat by nation and time, but generally include exchanging, regrouping, long div... |
Locality-Sensitive Hashing Improvements Locality-Sensitive_Hashing > Algorithm for nearest neighbor search > Improvements When t is large, it is possible to reduce the hashing time from O ( n ρ ) {\displaystyle O(n^{\rho })} . This was shown by and which gave query time: O ( t log 2 ( 1 / P 2 ) / P 1 + n ρ ( d + 1 / ... |
Molecular mechanics Environment and solvation Molecular_mechanics > Environment and solvation In molecular mechanics, several ways exist to define the environment surrounding a molecule or molecules of interest. A system can be simulated in vacuum (termed a gas-phase simulation) with no surrounding environment, but thi... |
Velocity stack Summary Velocity_stack A velocity stack, trumpet, or air horn is a trumpet shaped device fitted to the entry of an engine's air intake system. It can be of differing lengths and fitted to both carbureted and fuel injected engines. It is unrelated to the noise maker or signaling air horn. |
Robert Penner Main journal publications Robert_Penner > Main journal publications ; Nielsen, Jakob T.; Andersen, Jørgen E. (2014). "Hydrogen bond rotations as a uniform structural tool for analyzing protein architecture". |
Numerical continuation Singular point Numerical_continuation > Definitions > Singular point The constant term in the Taylor series of the scaled bifurcation equation is called the algebraic bifurcation equation, and the implicit function theorem applied the bifurcation equations states that for each isolated solution o... |
History of mathematical notation Gauss, Hamilton, and Matrix notations History_of_mathematical_notation > Symbolic stage > High division operators and functions > Gauss, Hamilton, and Matrix notations Cayley used a single letter to denote a matrix, thus treating a matrix as an aggregate object. He also realized the con... |
Solar lantern Summary Solar_lantern A solar lamp, also known as a solar light or solar lantern, is a lighting system composed of an LED lamp, solar panels, battery, charge controller and there may also be an inverter. The lamp operates on electricity from batteries, charged through the use of solar panel (solar photovo... |
Glossary of chemistry terms W Glossary_of_chemistry_terms > W watch glass A circular, concave piece of glass commonly used in chemistry laboratories as a working surface for various purposes, such as evaporating liquids, holding solids while they are being weighed, heating small amounts of a substance, or as a cover fo... |
Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor Serotonergic Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor > Role of monoamine neurotransmitters > Serotonergic In humans, the serotonergic system is implicated in various physiological processes such as sleep-wake cycles, maintenance of mood, control of food ... |
Granule cell layer Function Granular_layer_(cerebellum) > Function Deficits in non-motor functions are more difficult to detect. Thus, the general conclusion reached decades ago is that the basic function of the cerebellum is to calibrate the detailed form of a movement, not to initiate movements or to decide which mov... |
Dioic acid Properties Dicarboxylic_acids > Properties Thus, in an aqueous solution at pH about 7, typical of biological systems, the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation indicates they exist predominantly as dicarboxylate anions. The dicarboxylic acids, especially the small and linear ones, can be used as crosslinking reagen... |
Mechanism (philosophy) Universal mechanism Mechanism_(philosophy) > Universal mechanism An intellect which at any given moment knew all of the forces that animate nature and the mutual positions of the beings that compose it, if this intellect were vast enough to submit the data to analysis, could condense into a singl... |
Photocurrent Summary Photocurrent Photocurrent is the electric current through a photosensitive device, such as a photodiode, as the result of exposure to radiant power. The photocurrent may occur as a result of the photoelectric, photoemissive, or photovoltaic effect. The photocurrent may be enhanced by internal gain ... |
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