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Spatial variability Summary Spatial_variability Spatial variability occurs when a quantity that is measured at different spatial locations exhibits values that differ across the locations. Spatial variability can be assessed using spatial descriptive statistics such as the range. Let us suppose that the Rev' z(x) is pe... |
Population parameter Examples Statistical_parameter > Examples Similarly, in some forms of testing of manufactured products, rather than destructively testing all products, only a sample of products are tested. Such tests gather statistics supporting an inference that the products meet specifications. == References == |
Peripheral nerves Enteric nervous system Peripheral_nerves > Structure > Autonomic nervous system > Enteric nervous system There is a lesser known division of the autonomic nervous system known as the enteric nervous system. Located only around the digestive tract, this system allows for local control without input fro... |
Scharnhorst effect Possible experimentation Scharnhorst_effect > Possible experimentation It may be possible to amplify the Scharnhorst effect by replacing Casimir plates with event horizons, an idea informally suggested by American physicist Timothy Retter. In this space, even fewer virtual particles will be present t... |
ATM protein Meiosis ATM_serine/threonine_kinase > Meiosis Deficient ATM expression causes severe meiotic disruption during prophase I. In addition, impaired ATM-mediated DNA DSB repair has been identified as a likely cause of aging of mouse and human oocytes. Expression of the ATM gene, as well as other key DSB repair ... |
Strong electrolyte Summary Strong_electrolyte A concentrated solution of this strong electrolyte has a lower vapor pressure than that of pure water at the same temperature. Strong acids, strong bases and soluble ionic salts that are not weak acids or weak bases are strong electrolytes. A substance whose aqueous solutio... |
Finite state machines Determinism State_Machine > Classification > Determinism A further distinction is between deterministic (DFA) and non-deterministic (NFA, GNFA) automata. In a deterministic automaton, every state has exactly one transition for each possible input. In a non-deterministic automaton, an input can lea... |
Estrin's scheme Summary Estrin's_scheme In numerical analysis, Estrin's scheme (after Gerald Estrin), also known as Estrin's method, is an algorithm for numerical evaluation of polynomials. Horner's method for evaluation of polynomials is one of the most commonly used algorithms for this purpose, and unlike Estrin's sc... |
Romano–Ward syndrome Treatment Romano–Ward_syndrome > Treatment Potassium supplements may be used at times when potassium is being lost such as when experiencing diarrhoea or vomiting, but medications that encourage the retention of potassium such as spironolactone or amiloride may also be required.An implantable defib... |
Insulin signal transduction pathway Insulin secretion Insulin_signal_transduction_pathway > Transduction pathway > Insulin secretion The glucose that goes into the bloodstream after food consumption also enters the beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The glucose diffuses in the beta-cell facilitated... |
Multidimensional Scaling Procedure Multi_dimensional_scaling_(in_marketing) > Procedure Decide number of dimensions – The researcher must decide on the number of dimensions they want the computer to create. Interpretability of the MDS solution is often important, and lower dimensional solutions will typically be easier... |
Minimum description length Recent work on algorithmic MDL learning Minimum_description_length > Recent work on algorithmic MDL learning Recent machine MDL learning of algorithmic, as opposed to statistical, data models have received increasing attention with increasing availability of data, computation resources and th... |
Polymer physics Random walks in time Polymer_physics > Example model (simple random-walk, freely jointed) > Random walks in time Suppose that the train moves either a distance of +b or −b (b is the same for each step), depending on whether a coin lands heads or tails when flipped. Lets start by considering the statisti... |
Grid tie inverter Summary Grid_tie_inverter A grid-tie inverter converts direct current (DC) into an alternating current (AC) suitable for injecting into an electrical power grid, normally 120 V RMS at 60 Hz or 240 V RMS at 50 Hz. Grid-tie inverters are used between local electrical power generators: solar panel, wind ... |
EST1 Aging Telomerase > Clinical implications > Aging In human liver, cholangiocytes and hepatocytes show no age-related telomere shortening. Another study found little evidence that, in humans, telomere length is a significant biomarker of normal aging with respect to important cognitive and physical abilities.Some ex... |
MinHash Variant with many hash functions MinHash > Algorithm > Variant with many hash functions The simplest version of the minhash scheme uses k different hash functions, where k is a fixed integer parameter, and represents each set S by the k values of hmin(S) for these k functions. To estimate J(A,B) using this vers... |
ALTQ Summary ALTQ Each queue can have a priority and a bandwidth assigned. Priority mainly controls the time packets take to get sent out, while bandwidth has primarily effects on throughput. |
Glossary of mathematical symbols Infinite numbers Math_symbol > Infinite numbers 5. In number theory, may denote the prime omega function. That is, ω ( n ) {\displaystyle \omega (n)} is the number of distinct prime factors of the integer n. |
Stacked bar graph Summary Bar_graph A bar graph shows comparisons among discrete categories. One axis of the chart shows the specific categories being compared, and the other axis represents a measured value. Some bar graphs present bars clustered in groups of more than one, showing the values of more than one measured... |
Energy technology Thermodynamics Energy_technologies > Energy technology > Thermodynamics Thermodynamics deals with the fundamental laws of energy conversion and is drawn from theoretical Physics. |
Tangential velocity Related quantities Tangential_speed > Related quantities When a direction is assigned to rotational speed, it is known as rotational velocity, a vector whose magnitude is the rotational speed. (Angular speed and angular velocity are related to the rotational speed and velocity by a factor of 2π, the... |
Jacobi ellipsoid Summary Jacobi_ellipsoid A Jacobi ellipsoid is a triaxial (i.e. scalene) ellipsoid under hydrostatic equilibrium which arises when a self-gravitating, fluid body of uniform density rotates with a constant angular velocity. It is named after the German mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi. |
Microsoft WebMatrix Summary Microsoft_WebMatrix Microsoft WebMatrix is a discontinued cloud-connected website builder and HTML editor for Windows, geared towards web development. WebMatrix enables developers to build websites using built-in templates or popular open-source applications, with full support for ASP.NET, P... |
Data Matrix Applications Data_matrix_(computer) > Applications The US Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) recommends using Data Matrix for labeling small electronic components.Data Matrix codes are becoming common on printed media such as labels and letters. The code can be read quickly by a barcode reader which allow... |
Dictionary-based machine translation LMT Dictionary-based_machine_translation > LMT LMT, introduced around 1990, is a Prolog-based machine-translation system that works on specially made bilingual dictionaries, such as the Collins English-German (CEG), which have been rewritten in an indexed form which is easily readab... |
Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics Vibration Bike_physics > Vibration A challenge in vibration damping is to create compliance in certain directions (vertically) without sacrificing frame rigidity needed for power transmission and handling (torsionally). Another issue with vibration for the bike is the possibility of fail... |
Convolution operation Summary Convolution_kernel Convolution has applications that include probability, statistics, acoustics, spectroscopy, signal processing and image processing, geophysics, engineering, physics, computer vision and differential equations.The convolution can be defined for functions on Euclidean spac... |
Sun synchronous orbit Technical details Sun-synchronous_orbit > Technical details Earth observation satellites, in particular, prefer orbits with constant altitude when passing over the same spot. Careful selection of eccentricity and location of perigee reveals specific combinations where the rate of change of perturb... |
Undefined behavior Overview Undefined_behaviour > Overview Some programming languages allow a program to operate differently or even have a different control flow than the source code, as long as it exhibits the same user-visible side effects, if undefined behavior never happens during program execution. Undefined beha... |
Identity-based encryption Encryption schemes Identity_based_encryption > Encryption schemes Another approach to identity-based encryption was proposed by Clifford Cocks in 2001. The Cocks IBE scheme is based on well-studied assumptions (the quadratic residuosity assumption) but encrypts messages one bit at a time with ... |
History of mathematical notation Derivatives notation: Leibniz and Newton History_of_mathematical_notation > Symbolic stage > Derivatives notation: Leibniz and Newton Leibniz also created the integral symbol. The symbol is an elongated S, representing the Latin word Summa, meaning "sum". When finding areas under curves... |
Optical telescopes Large reflectors Optical_telescope > Astronomical research telescopes > Large reflectors For conventional telescopes on Earth, the diffraction limit is not relevant for telescopes bigger than about 10 cm. Instead, the seeing, or blur caused by the atmosphere, sets the resolution limit. But in space, ... |
Function evaluation Functional notation Bivariate_function > Notation > Functional notation When the symbol denoting the function consists of several characters and no ambiguity may arise, the parentheses of functional notation might be omitted. For example, it is common to write sin x instead of sin(x). |
CH3CH(OH)COOH Chemical production CH3CH(OH)COOH > Production > Chemical production Racemic lactic acid is synthesized industrially by reacting acetaldehyde with hydrogen cyanide and hydrolysing the resultant lactonitrile. When hydrolysis is performed by hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride forms as a by-product; the Ja... |
Vehicle tracking Active versus passive tracking Vehicle_tracking_system > Active versus passive tracking Several types of vehicle tracking devices exist. Typically they are classified as "passive" and "active". "Passive" devices store GPS location, speed, heading and sometimes a trigger event such as key on/off, door o... |
Glossary of engineering: M–Z T Glossary_of_engineering:_M–Z > T Trigonometric functionsIn mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths. They are widely... |
Kinetic isotope effect Theory Kinetic_isotope_effect > Theory However, a quantum-mechanical treatment of the energy introduces discrete vibrational levels onto this curve, and the lowest possible energy state of a molecule corresponds to the lowest vibrational energy level, which is slightly higher in energy than the m... |
DeepRoute.ai Partnerships DeepRoute.ai > Partnerships Since its founding, DeepRoute.ai has formed many successful partnerships. Its most recent partnership, announced in August 2022, is with the technology giant, Microsoft. DeepRoute.ai will utilize Microsoft’s cloud and edge computing platform, Microsoft Azure. The pa... |
Passive analogue filter development Transmission line theory Voice_frequency_telegraphy > Transmission line theory The cut-off phenomenon is an undesirable side-effect as far as loaded lines are concerned but for telephone FDM filters it is precisely what is required. For this application, Campbell produced band-pass f... |
Abbe refractometer Summary Abbe_refractometer An Abbe refractometer is a bench-top device for the high-precision measurement of an index of refraction. |
Septic shock Epidemiology Septic_shock > Epidemiology Sepsis has a worldwide incidence of more than 20 million cases a year, with mortality due to septic shock reaching up to 50 percent even in industrialized countries.According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, septic shock is the thirteenth leading cause of de... |
LS-DYNA Typical uses LS-DYNA > Typical uses Nonlinear means at least one (and sometimes all) of the following complications: Changing boundary conditions (such as contact between parts that changes over time) Large deformations (for example the crumpling of sheet metal parts) Nonlinear materials that do not exhibit ide... |
Recursive neural network Tree Echo State Networks Recursive_neural_network > Related models > Tree Echo State Networks An efficient approach to implement recursive neural networks is given by the Tree Echo State Network within the reservoir computing paradigm. |
Arbitrated loop Summary Arbitrated_loop A loop with two ports is valid and has the same physical topology as point-to-point, but still acts as a loop protocol-wise. Fibre Channel ports capable of arbitrated loop communication are NL_port (node loop port) and FL_port (fabric loop port), collectively referred to as the L... |
Jitter buffer Filtering and decomposition Jitter_buffer > Mitigation > Filtering and decomposition A filter can be designed to minimize the effect of sampling jitter.Jitter signal can be decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which can be further applied for filtering or dejittering. |
Polynomial system Summary Polynomial_system_solving A system of polynomial equations (sometimes simply a polynomial system) is a set of simultaneous equations f1 = 0, ..., fh = 0 where the fi are polynomials in several variables, say x1, ..., xn, over some field k. A solution of a polynomial system is a set of values f... |
Medical ethics Between autonomy and beneficence/non-maleficence Medical_ethics > Conflicts > Between autonomy and beneficence/non-maleficence On the other hand, autonomy and beneficence/non-maleficence may also overlap. For example, a breach of patients' autonomy may cause decreased confidence for medical services in t... |
Metastatic disease Hematogenous spread Metastatic_relapse > Pathophysiology > Routes > Hematogenous spread This is typical route of metastasis for sarcomas, but it is also the favored route for certain types of carcinoma, such as renal cell carcinoma originating in the kidney and follicular carcinomas of the thyroid. B... |
Claw finding problem Definition Claw_finding_problem > Definition Let A , B , C {\displaystyle A,B,C} be finite sets, and f: A → C {\displaystyle f:A\to C} , g: B → C {\displaystyle g:B\to C} two functions. A pair ( x , y ) ∈ A × B {\displaystyle (x,y)\in A\times B} is called a claw if f ( x ) = g ( y ) {\displaystyle ... |
CAN controller Standardized approaches CAN_bus_monitor > CAN-based higher-layer protocols > Standardized approaches ARINC 812 or ARINC 825 (aviation industry) CANopen - CiA 301/302-2 and EN 50325-4 (industrial automation) IEC 61375-3-3 (use of CANopen in rail vehicles) DeviceNet (industrial automation) EnergyBus - CiA ... |
Neuromyelitis optica Anti-MOG+ variants Devic's_disease > Pathophysiology > Anti-MOG+ variants The NMO cases are classified in four classes, according to the presence or absence of any of these two main auto-antibodies.The clinical course and the response to therapy is different for various diseases classed within thes... |
Major depressive disorder Symptoms and signs Major_depression_disorder > Symptoms and signs Family and friends may notice agitation or lethargy. Older depressed people may have cognitive symptoms of recent onset, such as forgetfulness, and a more noticeable slowing of movements.Depressed children may often display an i... |
Internet Of Things Trends and characteristics Internet_of_Everything > Trends and characteristics The IoT's major significant trend in recent years is the explosive growth of devices connected and controlled via the Internet. The wide range of applications for IoT technology mean that the specifics can be very differen... |
State equation Perturbation theory-based models Virial_equation > Physically based equations of state > Perturbation theory-based models Perturbation theory is frequently used for modelling dispersive interactions in an equation of state. There is a large number of perturbation theory based equations of state available... |
Purinergic signalling Digestive system Purinergic_signalling > Purinergic signalling in humans > Digestive system In the liver, ATP is constantly released during homeostasis and its signalling via P2 receptors influences bile secretion as well as liver metabolism and regeneration. P2Y receptors in the enteric nervous s... |
Axo-axonic synapse Clinical Significance Axo-axonic_synapse > Clinical Significance They proposed that these axo-axonic synapses in the striatum could be responsible for inhibiting the glutamatergic neurons. Additionally, these dopaminergic synapses are also proposed to cause hyperdopaminergic activity and become neuro... |
Dm-cache Design Dm-cache > Design In dm-cache, creating a mapped virtual block device that acts as a hybrid volume requires three physical storage devices: Origin device – provides slow primary storage (usually an HDD) Cache device – provides a fast cache (usually an SSD) Metadata device – records the placement of bloc... |
Sedimentary deposits Types and history Superficial_deposits > Types and history Superficial deposits were originally recorded only onshore and around the coast where they were laid down by various natural processes such as action by ice, water and wind. More recently offshore deposits have been mapped and may be separa... |
Bayes classifier Definition Bayes_classifier > Definition Suppose a pair ( X , Y ) {\displaystyle (X,Y)} takes values in R d × { 1 , 2 , … , K } {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{d}\times \{1,2,\dots ,K\}} , where Y {\displaystyle Y} is the class label of X {\displaystyle X} . Assume that the conditional distribution of X, ... |
Octagon Area Regular_octagon > Properties > Area The area can also be expressed as A = S 2 − a 2 , {\displaystyle \,\!A=S^{2}-a^{2},} where S is the span of the octagon, or the second-shortest diagonal; and a is the length of one of the sides, or bases. This is easily proven if one takes an octagon, draws a square arou... |
Neodymium tantalate Properties Neodymium_tantalate > Properties Neodymium tantalate forms violet crystals of the monoclinic system, with space group I 2/a, cell parameters a = 0.55153 nm, b = 1.12388 nm, c = 0.51184 nm, β = 95.731°, Z = 4.There is a metastable high-pressure phase of the monoclinic system, space group P... |
Specialty drugs High complexity Specialty_drugs > Definition and common characteristics > High complexity Therefore, it is necessary to use aseptic principles from initial manufacturing steps, which is also in contrast to most conventional drugs. Biological products often represent the cutting-edge of biomedical resear... |
Solution (equation) Summary Root_of_an_equation The distinction between known variables and unknown variables is generally made in the statement of the problem, by phrases such as "an equation in x and y", or "solve for x and y", which indicate the unknowns, here x and y. However, it is common to reserve x, y, z, ... t... |
Direction of propagation "Plane of vibration" Polarization_plane > History of the term > "Plane of vibration" The principle that refractive index depended on the density of the aether was essential to Fresnel's aether drag hypothesis. But it could not be extended to birefringent crystals — in which at least one refract... |
Radix sorting Digit order Radix_sorting > Digit order LSD sorts are generally stable sorts. MSD radix sorts are most suitable for sorting strings or fixed-length integer representations. A sequence like would be sorted as . |
(CH3)2S Chemical reactions (CH3)2S > Chemical reactions For example, it serves a displaceable ligand in chloro(dimethyl sulfide)gold(I). Dimethyl sulfide is used in the workup of the ozonolysis of alkenes. It reduces the intermediate trioxolane. The Swern oxidation produces dimethyl sulfide by reduction of dimethylsulf... |
Classical Mechanics (Goldstein) First edition Classical_Mechanics_(Goldstein) > Reception > First edition Quimby pointed out that although this book is suitable for students preparing for quantum mechanics, it is not helpful for those interested in analytical mechanics because its treatment omits too much. Quimby prais... |
Impact wrench Effects of impact drive Impact_wrench > Effects of impact drive "Maximum torque" is the number most often given by manufacturers, which is the instantaneous peak torque delivered if the anvil is locked into a perfectly solid object. "Working torque" is a more realistic number for continually driving a ver... |
Canonical correlation analysis Whitening and probabilistic canonical correlation analysis Canonical_correlation_analysis > Whitening and probabilistic canonical correlation analysis CCA can also be viewed as a special whitening transformation where the random vectors X {\displaystyle X} and Y {\displaystyle Y} are simu... |
Alphabetic numeral system Systems Alphabetic_numeral_system > Systems The Arabic abjad's 28 consonant signs could represent numbers up to 1000. Ancient Aramaic alphabets had enough letters to reach up to 9000. In mathematical and astronomical manuscripts, other methods were used to represent larger numbers. |
Magnesium deficiency Homeostasis Magnesium_deficiency > Pathophysiology > Homeostasis In the acute phase of magnesium deficiency there is an increase in absorption in the distal small intestine and tubular resorption in the kidneys. When this condition persists, serum magnesium drops and is corrected with magnesium fro... |
Periodic table of chemical elements Electron configurations Chemical_family > Atomic structures of the elements > Electron configurations The second shell similarly contains a 2s orbital, and it also contains three dumbbell-shaped 2p orbitals, and can thus fill up to eight electrons (2×1 + 2×3 = 8). The third shell con... |
Epixenosomes Description Epixenosomes > Description Epixenosomes possess two distinct developmental phases linked to the host cell cycle. Stage I epixenosomes are spherical, 0.5 μm in diameter and are surrounded by two membranes. They divide by direct binary fission. Stage II epixenosomes are egg-shaped (2.2 μm in leng... |
Coordination cage Classification Coordination_cage > Classification The twelve remaining edges are spanned with the edge ligands, Lp-Ph. Ligands are the building blocks of coordination cages, and the choice and ratio of ligands determine the final structure. Due to their highly symmetrical nature, coordination cages ar... |
Medical animation Pharmaceutical mechanism of action Medical_animation > Applications > Pharmaceutical mechanism of action As a way to explain how medications work, pharmaceutical manufacturers may provide mechanism of action animations, often through websites dedicated to specific prescription drugs. These medical vis... |
Casino game Standard deviation Casino_game > House advantage > Standard deviation As the number of rounds increases, eventually, the expected loss will exceed the standard deviation, many times over. From the formula, we can see that the standard deviation is proportional to the square root of the number of rounds play... |
Relaxed sequential Summary Relaxed_sequential It is possible to design programs that require parallelism for correct behavior. Algorithms such as producer-consumer that are implemented so as to require two or more threads are one example of requiring concurrency to work properly. For instance, consider a bounded contai... |
Osmotic coefficient Summary Osmotic_coefficient The osmotic coefficient based on molality m is defined by: and on a mole fraction basis by: where μ A ∗ {\displaystyle \mu _{A}^{*}} is the chemical potential of the pure solvent and μ A {\displaystyle \mu _{A}} is the chemical potential of the solvent in a solution, MA i... |
Hibernation induction trigger Obligate hibernation Hibernation_induction_trigger > Mammals > Obligate hibernation Obligate hibernators are animals that spontaneously, and annually, enter hibernation regardless of ambient temperature and access to food. Obligate hibernators include many species of ground squirrels, othe... |
Pythagorean school Geometry Pythagorean_doctrine > Philosophy > Geometry The Pythagoreans engaged with geometry as a liberal philosophy which served to establish principles and allowed theorems to be explored abstractly and rationally. Pythagorean philosophers believed that there was a close relationship between number... |
Ionosonde Ionogram Chirp_transmitter > Ionogram Data from ionograms may be used to measure changes in the Earth's ionosphere due to space weather events. Note that in the ionogram above the legend can be more clearly understood as having "Vx-" and "Vx+" to replace respectively "X-" and "X+". These refer to the vertical... |
Failure modes of electronics Contact failures Failure_modes_of_electronics > Contact failures Thermal expansion mismatch between the printed circuit board material and its packaging strains the part-to-board bonds; while leaded parts can absorb the strain by bending, leadless parts rely on the solder to absorb stresses... |
Pearson coefficient Reflective correlation coefficient Pearson_coefficient > Variants > Reflective correlation coefficient {\displaystyle \operatorname {corr} _{r}(X,Y)=\operatorname {corr} _{r}(Y,X)=\operatorname {corr} _{r}(X,bY)\neq \operatorname {corr} _{r}(X,a+bY),\quad a\neq 0,b>0.} The sample reflective correlat... |
Token economy Specified target behaviors Token_economy > Basic requirements > Specified target behaviors Sometimes client manuals have specifications how many tokens can be earned by each target behavior. For instance, if making the bed is a target behavior, staff and clients have to know how a well-made bed looks like... |
Monatomic ideal gas Entropy Ideal_gas > Entropy This will mean that when the extensive parameters (V and N) are multiplied by a constant, the entropy will be multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically: S ( T , a V , a N ) = a S ( T , V , N ) . |
Torsion (mechanics) Summary Torsion_(mechanics) r is the perpendicular distance between the rotational axis and the farthest point in the section (at the outer surface). ℓ is the length of the object to or over which the torque is being applied. φ (phi) is the angle of twist in radians. G is the shear modulus, also cal... |
Organizational ergonomics Cognitive ergonomics Organizational_ergonomics > Domains of specialization > Cognitive ergonomics Cognitive ergonomics is concerned with mental processes, such as perception, emotion, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system... |
Chronic wound Ischemia Chronic_wound > Pathophysiology > Ischemia Neutrophils remain in chronic wounds for longer than they do in acute wounds, and contribute to the fact that chronic wounds have higher levels of inflammatory cytokines and ROS. Since wound fluid from chronic wounds has an excess of proteases and ROS, t... |
Optical correlation Filter design Optical_correlator > Filter design Many filters have been designed to be used with an optical correlator. Some have been proposed to address hardware limitations, others were developed to optimize a merit function or to be invariant under a certain transformation. |
Birnaviridae Viral Replication Birnaviridae > Viral Replication Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by cell receptor endocytosis. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model in the cytoplasm. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcriptio... |
Log point Definition Percent_error > Definition For example, we might want to calculate the relative change of −10 to −6. The above formula gives ((−6) − (−10)) / (−10) = 4 / −10 = −0.4, indicating a decrease, yet in fact the reading increased. Measures of relative difference are unitless numbers expressed as a fractio... |
Progeria Pathophysiology Progeria_syndrome > Pathophysiology When this shorter mRNA is translated into protein, it produces an abnormal variant of the prelamin A protein, referred to as progerin. Progerin's farnesyl group cannot be removed because the ZMPSTE24 cleavage site is lacking from progerin, so the abnormal pro... |
Universal probability bound Dembski's estimate Universal_probability_bound > Dembski's estimate Hence, this value corresponds to an upper limit on the number of physical events that could possibly have occurred in the observable part of the universe since the Big Bang. Dembski has recently (as of 2005) refined his defi... |
Attribute hierarchy method Cognitive model representation Attribute_hierarchy_method > Cognitive model representation Attribute A1 is indirectly connected to attributes A5 to A9 through its connection with A4. The potential pool of items is represented by the incidence matrix (Q) matrix of order (k, p), where k is the ... |
Ibn al-Haytham Model of the Motions of Each of the Seven Planets Ibn_al-Haytham > Astronomical works > Model of the Motions of Each of the Seven Planets (There was also a second section on astronomical calculation, and a third section, on astronomical instruments.) Following on from his Doubts on Ptolemy, Alhazen descr... |
Infinite sequence Finite and infinite Mathematical_sequence > Formal definition and basic properties > Finite and infinite that has neither a first nor a final element—is called a bi-infinite sequence, two-way infinite sequence, or doubly infinite sequence. A function from the set Z of all integers into a set, such as ... |
Noncoding RNA Trans-acting Non-coding_RNAs > Biological roles > In gene regulation > Trans-acting In higher eukaryotes microRNAs regulate gene expression. A single miRNA can reduce the expression levels of hundreds of genes. The mechanism by which mature miRNA molecules act is through partial complementarity to one or ... |
Computational epigenetics Epigenetic data processing and analysis Computational_epigenetics > Current research areas > Epigenetic data processing and analysis Various experimental techniques have been developed for genome-wide mapping of epigenetic information, the most widely used being ChIP-on-chip, ChIP-seq and bisu... |
Constantan Temperature measurement Constantan > Temperature measurement Constantan is also used to form thermocouples with wires made of iron, copper, or chromel. It has an extraordinarily strong negative Seebeck coefficient above 0 degrees Celsius, leading to a good temperature sensitivity. |
Oxo process Ruhrchemie/Rhone–Poulenc process Oxo_process > Processes > Ruhrchemie/Rhone–Poulenc process The Ruhrchemie/Rhone-Poulenc-process is the first commercially available two-phase system in which the catalyst is present in the aqueous phase. In the progress of the reaction an organic product phase is formed whic... |
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