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Collision detection A posteriori (discrete) versus a priori (continuous) Continuous_collision_detection > Collision detection in computer simulation > A posteriori (discrete) versus a priori (continuous) In the a posteriori case, the physical simulation is advanced by a small step, then checked to see if any objects ar... |
Paper machine Glossary Paper_machines > Glossary The white water from the table is usually stored in a white water chest from which it is pumped by the fan pump to the headbox. wire: the woven mesh fabric loop that is used for draining the pulp slurry from the headbox. Until the 1970s bronze wires were used but now the... |
Ray (geometry) Linear equation Euclidean_line > Definition > Linear equation Lines in a Cartesian plane or, more generally, in affine coordinates, are characterized by linear equations. More precisely, every line L {\displaystyle L} (including vertical lines) is the set of all points whose coordinates (x, y) satisfy a ... |
Adenylyl-sulfate reductase Summary Adenylyl-sulfate_reductase Adenylyl-sulfate reductase (EC 1.8.99.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction of the reduction of adenylyl-sulfate/adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS) to sulfite through the use of an electron donor cofactor. The products of the reaction are AMP a... |
Precursor messenger RNA Production Precursor_mRNA > Production The steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts involve a series of molecular interactions that initiate transcription of DNA within a cell's nucleus. Based on the needs of a given cell, certain DNA sequences are transcribed to produce a var... |
S2n Summary S2n s2n is an open-source C99 implementation of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol developed by Amazon Web Services (AWS) and released in 2015. It was developed to ensure the code—about 6,000 lines long—would be easier to review than that of OpenSSL—with 500,000 lines, 70,000 of which are involved ... |
Relative error Summary Relative_uncertainty The approximation error in a data value is the discrepancy between an exact value and some approximation to it. This error can be expressed as an absolute error (the numerical amount of the discrepancy) or as a relative error (the absolute error divided by the data value). An... |
Homoplasy Summary Homoplasy Homoplasy, in biology and phylogenetics, is the term used to describe a feature that has been gained or lost independently in separate lineages over the course of evolution. This is different from homology, which is the term used to characterize the similarity of features that can be parsimo... |
Datagram History IP_datagram > History In 1999, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) officialised the use of the already largely deployed Network address translation (NAT) whereby each public address can be shared by several private devices. With it, the forthcoming Internet Address exhaustion was delayed, leavin... |
Aerosol propellant History Aerosol_sprays > History Congress passed amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1977 authorizing the Environmental Protection Agency to regulate the presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. The United Nations Environment Programme called for ozone layer research that same year, and, in 1981, authorize... |
Iodine deficiency Goiter Iodine_deficiency > Signs and symptoms > Goiter A low amount of thyroxine (one of the two thyroid hormones) in the blood, due to lack of dietary iodine to make it, gives rise to high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to increase many biochemical pro... |
Time hierarchy theorem Summary Time_hierarchy In computational complexity theory, the time hierarchy theorems are important statements about time-bounded computation on Turing machines. Informally, these theorems say that given more time, a Turing machine can solve more problems. For example, there are problems that ca... |
Cayley–Purser algorithm Security Cayley–Purser_algorithm > Security If d {\displaystyle d} is known, d I + γ = χ ′ {\displaystyle d\mathrm {I} +\gamma =\chi '} — a multiple of χ {\displaystyle \chi } . Any multiple of χ {\displaystyle \chi } yields λ = κ − 1 = v − 1 χ − 1 ϵ v χ {\displaystyle \lambda =\kappa ^{-1}=v^{-... |
ALGOL 68 Comparisons with other languages ALGOL_68 > Comparisons with other languages 1980 – A Critical Comparison of Several Programming Language Implementations – Algol 60, FORTRAN, Pascal and Algol 68. 1993 – Five Little Languages and How They Grew – BLISS, Pascal, Algol 68, BCPL & C – Dennis M. Ritchie – April 1993... |
CBS domain Associated domains CBS_domain > Associated domains CBS domains are often found in proteins that contain other domains. These domains are usually enzymatic, membrane transporters or DNA-binding domains. However, proteins that contain only CBS domains are also often found, particularly in prokaryotes. These st... |
Mean-value theorem Second mean value theorem for definite integrals Cauchy's_mean_value_theorem > Mean value theorems for definite integrals > Second mean value theorem for definite integrals There are various slightly different theorems called the second mean value theorem for definite integrals. A commonly found vers... |
Wright Flyer Influence Wright_Flyer > Influence The Wright patent included the use of hinged rather than warped surfaces for the forward elevator and rear rudder. Other features that made the Flyer a success were highly efficient wings and propellers, which resulted from the Wrights' exacting wind tunnel tests and made... |
MAC address anonymization Ali and Dyo approach MAC_address_anonymization > Ali and Dyo approach Due to the pitfalls of existing approaches, more robust anonymization approaches have been developed by academics. In particular, Junade Ali and Vladimir Dyo developed an approach which works by: Using computationally expens... |
Electrically conducting Band theory simplified Ohm_metre > Causes of conductivity > Band theory simplified Electric current consists of a flow of electrons. In metals there are many electron energy levels near the Fermi level, so there are many electrons available to move. This is what causes the high electronic conduc... |
Geometry of special relativity Summary Spacelike_vector While the individual components in Euclidean space and time might differ due to length contraction and time dilation, in Minkowski spacetime, all frames of reference will agree on the total interval in spacetime between events. Minkowski space differs from four-di... |
Light-front computational methods Renormalization group procedure for effective particles Light-front_computational_methods > Renormalization group procedure for effective particles In principle, the RGPEP is now defined without a need to refer to some perturbative expansion. The most recent explanation of the RGPEP is... |
Glutamic acid decarboxylase Parkinson disease Glutamic_acid_decarboxylase > Role in pathology > Parkinson disease The bilateral delivery of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) by an adeno-associated viral vector into the subthalamic nucleus of patients between 30 and 75 years of age with advanced, progressive, levodopa-r... |
Comparison of vector algebra and geometric algebra Basic concepts and operations Comparison_of_vector_algebra_and_geometric_algebra > Basic concepts and operations Elements of GA are graded multivectors: scalars are grade 0, usual vectors are grade 1, bivectors are grade 2 and the highest grade (3 in the 3D case) is tr... |
Maker Movement Computers DIY_technology > Tools and hardware > Computers Programmable microcontrollers and single-board computers like the Arduino, Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone Black, and Intel's Galileo and Edison, many of which are open source, are easy to program and connect to devices such as sensors, displays, and act... |
Intramolecular reaction Examples Molecular_tether > Examples intramolecular hydride transfer (transfer of a hydride ion from one part to another within the same molecule) intramolecular hydrogen bond (a hydrogen bond formed between two functional groups of the same molecule) cyclization of ω-haloalkylamines and alcohol... |
Invention of radio The Branly detector Invention_of_radio > Development of radio waves > The Branly detector In 1890, Édouard Branly demonstrated what he later called the "radio-conductor," which Lodge in 1893 named the coherer, the first sensitive device for detecting radio waves. Shortly after the experiments of Hert... |
Centre of rotation Instant center of rotation and mechanisms Instantaneous_axis_of_rotation > Instant center of rotation and mechanisms Point A, at distance P1-A from P1, moves in a circular motion in a direction perpendicular to the link P1-A, as indicated by vector VA. The same applies to link P2-B: point P2 is the i... |
Virtual leak M Glossary_of_engineering:_M–Z > M During the early modern period, scientists such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics. It is a branch of classical physics that deals with particles that are either at rest or are moving with velocities significant... |
Tracing garbage collection Precise vs. conservative and internal pointers Tracing_garbage_collection > Implementation strategies > Precise vs. conservative and internal pointers Some collectors can correctly identify all pointers (references) in an object; these are called precise (also exact or accurate) collectors, t... |
Photosynthesis Overview Photosynthesis > Overview Most photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs, which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light. However, not all organisms use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon atoms to carry out photosynthesis; ph... |
Weak neutral current Definition Neutral_currents > Definition The Z boson can couple to any Standard Model particle, except gluons and photons (sterile neutrinos would also be an exception, if they were found to exist). However, any interaction between two charged particles that can occur via the exchange of a virtual ... |
Flipped classroom Examples Flipped_learning > Examples Programming: The flipped classroom was successfully used in 2013 to teach a programming class at a university. Students watched video lectures and attempted self-check quizzes before classroom contact time. During class time, students worked on programming problems... |
Nørlund–Rice integral Riesz mean Nørlund–Rice_integral > Riesz mean A closely related integral frequently occurs in the discussion of Riesz means. Very roughly, it can be said to be related to the Nörlund–Rice integral in the same way that Perron's formula is related to the Mellin transform: rather than dealing with in... |
Glycoside hydrolase family 37 Summary Glycoside_hydrolase_family_37 Trehalase is the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the disaccharide alpha,alpha-trehalose yielding two glucose subunits. It is an enzyme found in a wide variety of organisms and whose sequence has been highly conserved throughout evolution. == ... |
Body symmetry Evolution of symmetry Body_symmetry > Evolution of symmetry Like all the traits of organisms, symmetry (or indeed asymmetry) evolves due to an advantage to the organism – a process of natural selection. This involves changes in the frequency of symmetry-related genes throughout time. |
Stochastic game Theory Stochastic_games > Theory Whether every stochastic game with finitely many players, states, and actions, has a uniform equilibrium payoff, or a limiting-average equilibrium payoff, or even a liminf-average equilibrium payoff, is a challenging open question. A Markov perfect equilibrium is a refin... |
Biofilm Rhizosphere Bio_film > Habitats > Rhizosphere Cell envelope components such as bacterial flagella and lipopolysaccharides, which are recognized by plant cells as components of pathogens. Certain iron metabolites produced by Pseudomonas have also been shown to create an induced systemic response. This function o... |
Structure mining Summary Database_mining Structure mining or structured data mining is the process of finding and extracting useful information from semi-structured data sets. Graph mining, sequential pattern mining and molecule mining are special cases of structured data mining. |
Coordinated management of meaning Coordination Coordinated_management_of_meaning > Basics > Coordination In order to avoid this pitfall in communication, people work together to share meanings. Research shows that sense-making is the foundation of coordination. By tokens within the information connected by means of a c... |
Organic soil Base saturation percentage Soil_evaporation > Chemistry > Reactivity (pH) > Base saturation percentage It is of use in calculating the amount of lime needed to neutralise an acid soil (lime requirement). The amount of lime needed to neutralize a soil must take account of the amount of acid forming ions on ... |
Practical criticism Theory I._A._Richards > Contributions > Aesthetics and literary criticism > Theory Richards elaborated an approach to literary criticism in The Principles of Literary Criticism (1924) and Practical Criticism (1929) which embodied aspects of the scientific approach from his study of psychology, parti... |
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle Modes of operation Plug-in_hybrid_vehicle > Technology > Modes of operation This period is the vehicle's all-electric range. This is the only mode that a battery electric vehicle can operate in, hence their limited range.Mixed mode describes a trip using a combination of multiple modes. ... |
Adiabatic heating Conceptual significance in thermodynamic theory Adiabatic_principle > Conceptual significance in thermodynamic theory In 1854, Rankine used a quantity that he called "the thermodynamic function" that later was called entropy, and at that time he wrote also of the "curve of no transmission of heat", wh... |
Norman Riley (professor) Research contributions Norman_Riley_(professor) > Research contributions His research contributions in the field of fluid mechanics, over five decades, have included: unsteady flows with application to acoustic levitation and the loading on the submerged horizontal pontoons of tethered leg plat... |
Compartmental neuron models Information processing Compartmental_neuron_models > Some applications > Information processing Considering the accuracy in prediction of different input patterns by a two-layer neural network, it is assumed that a simple mathematical equation can be used to describe the model. This allows t... |
Anabolic pathways Cofactors Anabolic_pathways > Pathway > Cofactors The reducing agents NADH, NADPH, and FADH2, as well as metal ions, act as cofactors at various steps in anabolic pathways. NADH, NADPH, and FADH2 act as electron carriers, while charged metal ions within enzymes stabilize charged functional groups on s... |
State space (computer science) Exploration State_space_(dynamical_system) > Exploration Exploring a state space is the process of enumerating possible states in search of a goal state. The state space of Pacman, for example, contains a goal state whenever all food pellets have been eaten, and is explored by moving Pacm... |
Refrigeration Thermoelectric refrigeration Refrigeration > Methods of refrigeration > Thermoelectric refrigeration Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two types of material. This effect is commonly used in camping and portable coolers and for cooling electronic c... |
Hippocampal prosthesis Role Hippocampal_prosthesis > Hippocampus > Role The hippocampus is part of the human limbic system, which interacts with the neocortex and other parts of the brain to produce emotions. As a part of the limbic system, the hippocampus plays its part in the formation of emotion in addition to its o... |
Participative decision-making in organizations Consensus Participative_decision-making > Types > Consensus In a consensus participative decision-making style, the leader gives up complete control and responsibility of the decision and leaves it to the members of the organization. Everyone must agree and come to the sam... |
Physical organic chemistry Quantum chemistry Physical_organic_chemistry > Quantum chemistry Instead of four discrete σ-bonds from carbon to each hydrogen atom, theory predicts a set of four bonding molecular orbitals which are delocalized across the entire molecule. Similarly, the true electronic structure of 1,3-butad... |
Epitranscriptome Role of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) in alternative splicing Epitranscriptome > Chemical Modifications of RNA > N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) > Role of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) in alternative splicing Stem loop structures can sometimes be found in introns. m6A residues located in these stem-loops weaken base-pa... |
Autonomous Navigation System Design Autonomous_Navigation_System > Design ANS was an on board, integrated suite of sensors and technology that enabled autonomous navigation, perception, path-planning and vehicle-following capabilities for unmanned ground vehicles, allowing them to move on the battlefield with minimal h... |
Quadrature (mathematics) Medieval mathematics Quadrature_(mathematics) > History > Medieval mathematics In medieval Europe, quadrature meant the calculation of area by any method. Most often the method of indivisibles was used; it was less rigorous than the geometric constructions of the Greeks, but it was simpler and ... |
CD4 T-cell Structure and function Th1_cell > Structure and function Th cells are not a monolithic immunological entity because they are diverse in terms of function and their interaction with partner cells. In general, mature naive T cells are stimulated by professional antigen presenting cells to acquire an effector m... |
History of mathematical notation Modern mathematical notation History_of_mathematical_notation > Symbolic stage > Contemporary notation and topics > Modern mathematical notation In 1967, Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam incorporated the Higgs mechanism into Glashow's electroweak theory, giving it its modern form. The Hi... |
Use-wear analysis Summary Use-wear_analysis Fractures are differentiated by looking at both fracture initiation and propagation. Fracture initiation is defined as where and how the fracture of an edge begins. Fracture propagation is defined by the path a crack follows, and the degree of the crack's growth. |
Nomogram Chi-squared test computation Nomogram > Examples > Chi-squared test computation For example, an observed value of 9 would use the tick mark above the 9 in range A, and curved scale A would be used for the expected value. An observed value of 81 would use the tick mark above 81 in range E, and curved scale E wo... |
Die forming (plastics) Fiber drawing (polymers) Die_forming_(plastics) > Fiber drawing (polymers) If curing is needed, two methods are available: dry and wet spinning. In wet spinning, the polymer is dissolved and extruded through a spinneret into a chemical bath. In dry spinning, a solvent is allowed to evaporate as t... |
Monte Carlo tree search Monte Carlo method Monte_Carlo_tree_search > History > Monte Carlo method The Monte Carlo method, which uses random sampling for deterministic problems which are difficult or impossible to solve using other approaches, dates back to the 1940s. In his 1987 PhD thesis, Bruce Abramson combined mini... |
Mean opinion score Rating scales and mathematical definition Mean_opinion_score > Rating scales and mathematical definition For example, one could use a continuous scale ranging between 1–100. Which scale is used depends on the purpose of the test. In certain contexts there are no statistically significant differences ... |
Solar Cells Theory Photoelectric_cells > Theory An inverter can convert the power to alternating current (AC). The most commonly known solar cell is configured as a large-area p–n junction made from silicon. Other possible solar cell types are organic solar cells, dye sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, qua... |
Weighing matrices Optical measurement Weighing_matrix > Applications > Optical measurement Weighing matrices appear in the engineering of spectrometers, image scanners, and optical multiplexing systems. The design of these instruments involve an optical mask and two detectors that measure the intensity of light. The ma... |
Group A streptococcal infection Severe infections Group_A_streptococci > Types of infection > Severe infections GAS is an important cause of puerperal fever worldwide, causing serious infection and, if not promptly diagnosed and treated, death in newly delivered mothers. Severe GAS disease may also occur in healthy per... |
Relaxation (NMR) Solomon equations NMR_relaxation > Solomon equations Solomon equations are used to calculate the transfer of magnetization as a result of relaxation in a dipolar system. They can be employed to explain the nuclear Overhauser effect, which is an important tool in determining molecular structure. |
Binary Synchronous Communications Topology Binary_Synchronous_Communications > Topology In some cases connection of a terminal to multiple hosts is possible via the dial telephone network. Multi-drop is part of the initial Bisync protocol. A master station, normally a computer, can sequentially poll terminals which are... |
Peer pressure Social media Peer_pressure > Social media Social media provides a massive new digital arena for peer pressure and influence. Research suggests there are a variety of benefits from social media use, such as increased socialization, exposure to ideas, and greater self-confidence. However, there is also evid... |
Herschel Leibowitz Research Herschel_Leibowitz > Research Leibowitz's research investigated basic issues of visual psychophysics, perception of size, distance & motion, peripheral vision and oculomotor functioning. He also studied problems of aviation, traffic safety, motion sickness, postural instability (especially d... |
Stuart Hameroff Theory Stuart_Hameroff > Theory On the basis of Gödel's incompleteness theorems, he argued that the brain could perform functions that no computer or system of algorithms could. From this it could follow that consciousness itself might be fundamentally non-algorithmic, and incapable of being modeled as ... |
Design and analysis of experiments Discussion topics when setting up an experimental design Designed_experiment > Discussion topics when setting up an experimental design Manipulation checks: did the manipulation really work? What are the background variables? What is the sample size? |
Functional symptom Weakness Functional_symptom > Weakness To the patient and the doctor it often looks as if there has been a stroke or have symptoms of multiple sclerosis. However, unlike these conditions, with functional weakness there is no permanent damage to the nervous system which means that it can get better or... |
Lua programming language Functions Lua_programming_language > Features > Functions Lua's treatment of functions as first-class values is shown in the following example, where the print function's behavior is modified: Any future calls to print will now be routed through the new function, and because of Lua's lexical sc... |
RNA vaccines Efficacy RNA_vaccine > Efficacy The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech have efficacy rates of 90 to 95 percent. Prior mRNA, drug trials on pathogens other than COVID-19 were not effective and had to be abandoned in the early phases of trials. The reason for the efficacy of the new mRNA... |
Concept learning Explanation-based Concept_learning > Modern psychological theories > Explanation-based The basic idea of explanation-based learning suggests that a new concept is acquired by experiencing examples of it and forming a basic outline.1 Put simply, by observing or receiving the qualities of a thing the min... |
Joint probability density function Absolutely continuous univariate distributions Joint_density_function > Absolutely continuous univariate distributions A probability density function is most commonly associated with absolutely continuous univariate distributions. A random variable X {\displaystyle X} has density f X ... |
Secure Erase Data sanitization policy best practices Secure_Erase > Data sanitization policy in public and private sectors > Data sanitization policy best practices This policy champion will include defining concepts such as the Information System Owner and Information Owner to define the chain of responsibility for da... |
Molecular vibrations Normal coordinates Molecular_vibration > Vibrational coordinates > Normal coordinates Q = q1 + q2 asymmetric stretching: the difference of the two C–O stretching coordinates; one C–O bond length increases while the other decreases. Q = q1 − q2When two or more normal coordinates belong to the same i... |
Rust Oxidation of iron Rust_removal > Chemical reactions > Oxidation of iron The conversion of the passivating ferrous oxide layer to rust results from the combined action of two agents, usually oxygen and water. Other degrading solutions are sulfur dioxide in water and carbon dioxide in water. Under these corrosive co... |
Nash Equilibrium Proof using the Kakutani fixed-point theorem Nash_Equilibrium > Proof of existence > Proof using the Kakutani fixed-point theorem Therefore, there exists a fixed point in r {\displaystyle r} and a Nash equilibrium.When Nash made this point to John von Neumann in 1949, von Neumann famously dismissed it ... |
Claas Selbstfahrer Technical description Claas_Selbstfahrer > Technical description Like later Claas combine harvesters, the Selbstfahrer has a three-speed-gearbox with an additional reverse gear. It also has a hydraulically controlled continuously variable transmission (CVT) that uses a belt to transfer the torque. Th... |
Liver protein production Breakdown Colic_impression > Functions > Breakdown It plays a key role in breaking down or modifying toxic substances (e.g., methylation) and most medicinal products in a process called drug metabolism. This sometimes results in toxication, when the metabolite is more toxic than its precursor. ... |
Hierarchical state machine Internal transitions Hierarchical_finite-state_machine > UML extensions to the traditional FSM formalism > Internal transitions In fact, in a classical Mealy machine, actions are associated exclusively with state transitions, so the only way to execute actions without changing state is throug... |
Partially conserved axial vector current Gradient coupling QCD_vacuum > Experimental evidence > Motivating results > Gradient coupling The way nature fixes this in the pseudoscalar model is by simultaneous rotation of the proton-neutron and shift of the pion field. This, when the proper axial SU(2) symmetry is included... |
Accessibility apps Accessibility features in iPhones and computers Accessibility_apps > Accessibility features in iPhones and computers Accessibility should be highly prioritized by smartphone makers to give disabled people easy access to communicate with their device. In recent years, progress are being made and more ... |
Method of Indivisibles Cycloids Method_of_Indivisibles > 2-dimensional > Cycloids Calculate the area within this rectangle that lies above the cycloid arch by bisecting the rectangle at the midpoint where the arch meets the rectangle, rotate one piece by 180° and overlay the other half of the rectangle with it. The new... |
Introduction to electromagnetism Electric and magnetic fields Introduction_to_electromagnetism > Electric and magnetic fields The direction of the force on a moving charge from a magnetic field is perpendicular to both the direction of motion and the direction of the magnetic field lines and can be found using the righ... |
Entropy: A New World View Summary Entropy:_A_New_World_View Entropy: A New World View is a non-fiction book by Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, with an Afterword by Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen. It was first published by Viking Press, New York in 1980 (ISBN 0-670-29717-8). A paperback edition was published by Bantam in 1981,... |
Twenty Questions Computers, scientific method and situation puzzles Twenty_Questions > Computers, scientific method and situation puzzles Both games involve asking yes/no questions, but Twenty Questions places a greater premium on efficiency of questioning. A limit on their likeness to the scientific process of trying ... |
Accident data recorder Technology Accident_data_recorder > Technology Accident data recorders work to measure the accelerations, depending on the equipment in two or three spatial directions, with micromechanical sensors. Often several sensor systems with different resolutions are used in order to be able to log the dr... |
Cooling tower system Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) Cooling_towers > Classification by use > Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) The equivalent ton on the cooling tower side actually rejects about 15,000 British thermal units per hour (4.4 kW) due to the additional waste heat-equivalent o... |
CTCF Protein-protein interactions CTCF > Protein-protein interactions CTCF binds to itself to form homodimers. CTCF has also been shown to interact with Y box binding protein 1. CTCF also co-localizes with cohesin, which extrudes chromatin loops by actively translocating one or two DNA strands through its ring-shaped s... |
Scientific credibility In the Web Scientific_credibility > In the Web In case of the Web pages, vast majority of researchers identifies two key components of credibility: Trustworthiness - related to well-intentioned, truthful, unbiased information and perceived goodness or morality of the source. Expertise - connected... |
Niche construction Humans Niche_construction > Humans This interaction is known as gene-culture coevolution. There is now little doubt that human cultural niche construction has co-directed human evolution. Humans have modified selection, for instance, by dispersing into new environments with different climatic regimes... |
Parasocial interaction Explaining increases in growth Parasocial_interaction > Parasocial relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic > Explaining increases in growth When utilizing these mediated communications, users can perceive greater distance (as compared to real-life interactions), leading them to cognitively pro... |
Production reactor Electrical power generation Reactor_design > Operation > Electrical power generation The energy released in the fission process generates heat, some of which can be converted into usable energy. A common method of harnessing this thermal energy is to use it to boil water to produce pressurized steam ... |
Intelsat VI On station Intelsat_VI > Launch > On station Upon arrival on station (assigned geostationary orbital location) and after correct orientation, the payload (and antenna) section of the satellite would be de-spun and pointed at the desired location on the earth, the solar array would be deployed, and the commu... |
ADP ribosylation Gene regulation ADP-ribosylation > Function > Gene regulation ADP-ribosylation can affect gene expression at nearly every level of regulation, including chromatin organization, transcription factor recruitment and binding, and mRNA processing. The organization of nucleosomes is key to regulation of gen... |
Effective input noise temperature Summary Effective_input_noise_temperature In telecommunications, effective input noise temperature is the source noise temperature in a two-port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the act... |
Respiration in plant Efficiency of ATP production Aerobic_metabolism > Efficiency of ATP production Pyruvate is taken up by a specific, low Km transporter to bring it into the mitochondrial matrix for oxidation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The phosphate carrier (PiC) mediates the electroneutral exchange (anti... |
Long non-coding RNA Conservation Long_noncoding_RNA > Conservation Initial studies into lncRNA conservation noted that as a class, they were enriched for conserved sequence elements, depleted in substitution and insertion/deletion rates and depleted in rare frequency variants, indicative of purifying selection maintain... |
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