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Russell-style universes In a specific context Russell-style_universes > In a specific context Perhaps the simplest version is that any set can be a universe, so long as the object of study is confined to that particular set. If the object of study is formed by the real numbers, then the real line R, which is the real n... |
Albert Bridge, London Present day Albert_Bridge,_London > Present day In 1990, the tidal flow system was abandoned and Albert Bridge was converted back to two-way traffic. A traffic island was installed on the south end of the bridge to prevent larger vehicles from using it. In the early years of the 21st century the C... |
DYA framework Quality attributes for communication DYA_framework > DYA infrastructure > The DYA infrastructure architecture process > Quality attributes for communication Quality attributes also provide a way to check and report on delivered results. To stop disciplines talking at cross purposes, unequivocal agreement ... |
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis Signs and symptoms Multiple_Sclerosis > Signs and symptoms Stress may also trigger an attack. Women with MS who become pregnant experience fewer relapses; however, during the first months after delivery the risk increases. Overall, pregnancy does not seem to influence long-term di... |
Rapidly exploring random tree Variants and improvements for motion planning Rapidly_exploring_random_tree > Variants and improvements for motion planning RRT-Rope, a method for fast near-optimal path planning using a deterministic shortening approach, very effective in open and large environments. Parti-game directed R... |
GIS vector file format Vector formats GIS_vector_file_format > Vector formats This is the basis of most modern file formats, including spatial databases that include a geometry column along with the other attributes in a single relational table. Other formats, such as GeoJSON, use different structures for geometry and ... |
Noisy qubit channel Important examples Quantum_channel > Channel capacity > Important examples The entanglement-assisted teleportation scheme allows one to transmit quantum information using a classical channel. Superdense coding. achieves two bit per qubit. These results indicate the significant role played by entangl... |
Peer mentoring Peer tutoring Peer_mentoring > In education > Peer tutoring There are many benefits for both the peer tutor and tutee in this relationship; one aspect of this is that the tutor can establish a rapport with the tutee in a way that a teacher cannot. Tutors themselves benefit from working with students. The... |
Cell lineage tree Embryogenesis Cell_lineage_tree > Embryogenesis As an embryo develops from a fertilized egg, the single egg cell splits into many cells, which grow in number and migrate to the appropriate locations inside the embryo at appropriate times during development. As the embryo's cells grow in number and mig... |
Rolling-element bearings Life calculation models Rolling-element_bearing > Bearing failure > Life calculation models By the 1990s, real bearings were found to give service lives up to 14 times longer than those predicted. An explanation was put forward based on fatigue life; if the bearing was loaded to never exceed th... |
Dirichlet eta function Zeros Dirichlet_eta_function > Zeros The zeros of the eta function include all the zeros of the zeta function: the negative even integers (real equidistant simple zeros); the zeros along the critical line, none of which are known to be multiple and over 40% of which have been proven to be simple,... |
Aldosterone escape Summary Aldosterone_escape Aldosterone initially results in an increase in Na+ reabsorption in these patients through stimulation of ENaC channels in principal cells of the renal collecting tubules. Increased ENaC channels situated in the apical membranes of the principal cells allow for more Na+ rea... |
Stress (biology) Summary General_adaptation_syndrome There are two kinds of stress hormone levels. Resting (basal) cortisol levels are normal everyday quantities that are essential for standard functioning. Reactive cortisol levels are increases in cortisol in response to stressors. |
Agathis australis Root structure and soil interaction Agathis_australis > Root structure and soil interaction In a process known as leaching, these acidic molecules pass through the soil layers with the help of rainfall, and release other nutrients trapped in clay such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This leaves these impo... |
Potential Energy Potential energy for a linear spring Magnetic_potential_energy > Potential energy for a linear spring A horizontal spring exerts a force F = (−kx, 0, 0) that is proportional to its deformation in the axial or x direction. The work of this spring on a body moving along the space curve s(t) = (x(t), y(t)... |
Faster than light travel Possible distance away from Earth Faster_than_light > Superluminal travel of non-information > Possible distance away from Earth If they were then to return to Earth, the traveler would arrive on Earth thousands of years from the time when they originally left. Their travel speed would not have... |
Signaling cascade Stem cells Biochemical_cascade > Cell-specific biochemical cascades > Stem cells In old adult stem cells, let-7 microRNA expression increases, reducing Hmga2 levels and increasing p16Ink4a and p19Arf levels. This reduces the sensitivity of stem cells to mitogenic signals by inhibiting cyclin-CDK compl... |
Fortschritt E 512 Technical description Fortschritt_E_512 > Technical description With a cylinder bore of 120 mm and a stroke of 145 mm, it displaces 6.56 dm3. It is rated 77 kW at 2000 min−1, and produces a maximum torque of 392 N·m at 1350 min−1.The torque is sent from the engine to a manual three-speed gearbox, and ... |
Algorithmically random sequence Properties and examples of Martin-Löf random sequences Algorithmic_randomness > Properties and examples of Martin-Löf random sequences Every sequence is Turing reducible to some random sequence. (Kučera 1985/1989, Gács 1986). Thus there are random sequences of arbitrarily high Turing deg... |
Collection (abstract data type) Linear collections Collection_(abstract_data_type) > Linear collections Many collections define a particular linear ordering, with access to one or both ends. The actual data structure implementing such a collection need not be linear—for example, a priority queue is often implemented as... |
Maxwell’s equations Integral equations Maxwell's_theory > Formulation in terms of electric and magnetic fields (microscopic or in vacuum version) > Key to the notation > Integral equations In the integral equations, Ω is any volume with closed boundary surface ∂Ω, and Σ is any surface with closed boundary curve ∂Σ,The ... |
Distributed parameter systems Duality between controllability and observability Distributed_parameter_system > Linear time-invariant distributed-parameter systems > Duality between controllability and observability As in the finite-dimensional case, controllability and observability are dual concepts (at least when for... |
Shift 2: Unleashed Development Shift_2:_Unleashed > Development "The simulation genre, really, is just a numbers game at the moment; it's all about, 'We've got the greatest physics engine, and we're going to add 1,000 cars, tracks etcetera.' It's quite a dry experience. We want to turn that on its head, by adding in so... |
Epigenetic alteration Twins Epigenetics > Medicine > Twins This supports the notion that microenvironment at early stages of embryonic development can be quite important for the establishment of epigenetic marks. Congenital genetic disease is well understood and it is clear that epigenetics can play a role, for example... |
Invariant (computer science) Examples Invariant_(computer_science) > Examples On the other hand, multiplication does not have this same property, as distance is not invariant under multiplication. Angles and ratios of distances are invariant under scalings, rotations, translations and reflections. These transformations... |
Undertow (water waves) Oceanography Undertow_(wave_action) > Oceanography An "undertow" is a steady, offshore-directed compensation flow, which occurs below waves near the shore. Physically, nearshore, the wave-induced mass flux between wave crest and trough is onshore directed. This mass transport is localized in the ... |
Mathematical physicist Relativity and quantum relativistic theories Mathematical_physicist > Scope > Relativity and quantum relativistic theories The special and general theories of relativity require a rather different type of mathematics. This was group theory, which played an important role in both quantum field the... |
Equilibrium temperature Calculation of equilibrium temperature Planetary_equilibrium_temperature > Calculation of equilibrium temperature The planet absorbs the radiation that isn't reflected by the albedo, and heats up. One may assume that the planet radiates energy like a blackbody at some temperature according to th... |
Recombinant organism Mammals Genetically_modified_organisms > Animals > Mammals Then researchers would have to wait until the animal reached breeding age and then offspring would be screened for the presence of the gene in every cell. The development of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system as a cheap and fast way of dir... |
Universal stress protein Tuberculosis Universal_stress_protein > Clinical significance > Tuberculosis These conditions have been found to upregulate a particular USP gene called rv2623, as well as an additional 50 genes involved in long-term persistence in the mammalian host. It was suggested this USP gene was involved... |
Glossary of elementary quantum mechanics Kinematical postulates Glossary_of_elementary_quantum_mechanics > Formalism > Kinematical postulates Total wave function of a particle For single-particle system, the total wave function Ψ {\displaystyle \Psi } of a particle can be expressed as a product of spatial wave function... |
Isotopic analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance Advantages of the method Isotopic_analysis_by_nuclear_magnetic_resonance > Principle > Advantages of the method The isotopic ratios of a molecule can also be determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), sample quantity for IRMS is much lower than for NMR, and the... |
History of general relativity The development of the Einstein field equations History_of_general_relativity > Creation of general relativity > The development of the Einstein field equations This predicted the non-Newtonian perihelion precession of Mercury, and so had Einstein very excited. However, it was soon realize... |
Random polytope Example uses Random_polytope > Example uses Minimal caps Macbeath regions Approximations (approximations of convex bodies see properties of definition 1) Economic cap covering theorem (see relation from properties of definition 1 to floating bodies) == References == |
Asymptotically safe gravity Summary Asymptotically_safe_gravity The essence of asymptotic safety is the observation that nontrivial renormalization group fixed points can be used to generalize the procedure of perturbative renormalization. In an asymptotically safe theory the couplings do not need to be small or tend t... |
Wigner's friend QBism and Bayesian interpretations Wigner's_friend > Responses in different interpretations of quantum mechanics > QBism and Bayesian interpretations In the interpretation known as QBism, advocated by N. David Mermin among others, the Wigner's-friend situation does not lead to a paradox, because there i... |
Pierre Bourdieu Habitus and doxa Pierre_Bourdieu > Objective (field) and subjective (habitus) > Habitus and doxa Doxa refers to the learned, fundamental, deep-founded, unconscious beliefs, and values, taken as self-evident universals, that inform an agent's actions and thoughts within a particular field. Doxa tends to ... |
Translational kinetic energy Without vectors and calculus Kinetic_Energy > Kinetic energy for non-relativistic velocity > Kinetic energy of rigid bodies > Derivation > Without vectors and calculus The work W done by a force F on an object over a distance s parallel to F equals W = F ⋅ s {\displaystyle W=F\cdot s} .Usin... |
Biomechanics Renaissance Biomechanics > History > Renaissance The next major biomechanic would not be around until 1452, with the birth of Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vinci was an artist and mechanic and engineer. He contributed to mechanics and military and civil engineering projects. He had a great understanding of science... |
Divisor (ring theory) Properties Divisibility_(ring_theory) > Properties Statements about divisibility in a commutative ring R {\displaystyle R} can be translated into statements about principal ideals. For instance, One has a ∣ b {\displaystyle a\mid b} if and only if ( b ) ⊆ ( a ) {\displaystyle (b)\subseteq (a)} . E... |
History of cancer chemotherapy Antifolates History_of_cancer_chemotherapy > Antifolates Dr. Richard Lewisohn of Mount Sinai Hospital in New York administered the drug, and over the course of several months, Ruth's condition began to improve. However, Ruth died the following year.In 1951, Jane C. Wright demonstrated the... |
Pierre Duhem Works in English translation Pierre_Duhem > Works > Works in English translation Ampère's Force Law: A Modern Introduction. Alan Aversa (trans.). doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.31100.03206/1. |
Population geneticist Gene flow Population_Genetics > Four processes > Gene flow Gene flow is hindered by mountain ranges, oceans and deserts or even human-made structures such as the Great Wall of China, which has hindered the flow of plant genes.Gene flow is the exchange of genes between populations or species, break... |
Metastatic tumor Diagnosis Metastatic_cancer > Diagnosis Still, the determination of the primary tumor can often be very difficult, and the pathologist may have to use several adjuvant techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization), and others. Despite the use of techniques, in some ... |
Biophysical techniques Biophysical techniques Biophysical_techniques > Biophysical techniques One of the main benefits of using optical techniques which make up biophotonics is that they preserve the integrity of the biological cells being examined. Calcium imaging – various optical techniques for recording the locatio... |
Bordwell thermodynamic cycle Summary Bordwell_thermodynamic_cycle A Bordwell thermodynamic cycle use experimentally determined and reasonable estimates of Gibbs free energy (ΔG˚) values to determine unknown and experimentally inaccessible values. |
SI defining constant Impact on reproducibility SI_defining_constants > Impact on reproducibility In practice, G can only be measured with a relative uncertainty of the order of 10−5, which would have resulted in the upper limit of the kilogram's reproducibility being around 10−5 whereas the then-current international p... |
Molybdenum(IV) telluride Colour Molybdenum_ditelluride > Physical properties > Colour In powdered form MoTe2 is black.Very thin crystals of MoTe2 can be made using sticky tape. When they are thin around 500 nm thick red light can be transmitted. Even thinner layers can be orange or transparent. An absorption edge occur... |
Angular wave vector Definition Angular_wavevector > Definition A sinusoidal traveling wave follows the equation ψ ( r , t ) = A cos ( k ⋅ r − ω t + φ ) , {\displaystyle \psi (\mathbf {r} ,t)=A\cos(\mathbf {k} \cdot \mathbf {r} -\omega t+\varphi ),} where: r is position, t is time, ψ is a function of r and t describin... |
Unique key Summary Unique_key > Summary Depending on its design, a database table may have many candidate keys but at most one candidate key may be distinguished as the primary key. A key constraint applies to the set of tuples in a table at any given point in time. A key is not necessarily a unique identifier across t... |
Mobile Security Wi-Fi Mobile_Security > Attacks based on communication > Attacks based on communication networks > Wi-Fi An attacker can try to eavesdrop on Wi-Fi communications to derive information (e.g., username, password). This type of attack is not unique to smartphones, but they are very vulnerable to these atta... |
Lorentz interval Lorentz transformations Space-time_interval > Basic mathematics of spacetime > Lorentz transformations Terence is an official at the starting line, while Stella is a participant. At time t = t′ = 0, Stella's spaceship accelerates instantaneously to a speed of 0.5 c. The distance from Earth to Mars is 3... |
Non-specific effect of vaccines Influence of pre-existing specific immunity Non-specific_effect_of_vaccines > Influence of pre-existing specific immunity The beneficial non-specific effects of live vaccines are stronger with earlier vaccination, possibly due to maternal antibodies. Boosting with live vaccines also seem... |
Repeat associated small interfering RNA Summary Repeat_associated_small_interfering_RNA They are distinct from microRNA (miRNA) in size (26–31 nucleotides as opposed to 21–24 nt), lack of sequence conservation, increased complexity, and independence of Dicer for biogenesis, at least in animals. (Plant Dcl2 may play a r... |
Dermatitis Corticosteroids Dermatitis > Management > Medications > Corticosteroids In severe cases, oral or injectable corticosteroids may be used. While these usually bring about rapid improvements, they have greater side effects. |
Volume transmission Serotonin pharmacology Volume_transmission > Neuromodulatory systems > Serotonin system > Serotonin pharmacology Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine are widely used antidepressants that specifically block the reuptake of serotonin with less effect on other transmitters... |
Average case analysis Sorting algorithms Average_case_analysis > Examples > Sorting algorithms Also, when implemented with the "shortest first" policy, the worst-case space complexity is instead bounded by O(log(n)). Heapsort has O(n) time when all elements are the same. Heapify takes O(n) time and then removing elemen... |
Matrix differentiation Notation Matrix_derivative > Notation The vector and matrix derivatives presented in the sections to follow take full advantage of matrix notation, using a single variable to represent a large number of variables. In what follows we will distinguish scalars, vectors and matrices by their typeface... |
Occurrences of Grandi's series Power series Occurrences_of_Grandi's_series > Power series The power series most famously associated with Grandi's series is its ordinary generating function, f ( x ) = 1 − x + x 2 − x 3 + ⋯ = 1 1 + x . {\displaystyle f(x)=1-x+x^{2}-x^{3}+\cdots ={\frac {1}{1+x}}.} |
Hydraulic torque wrench Summary Hydraulic_torque_wrench The hydraulic torque wrench was invented by George A. Sturdevant in Houston, Texas. The concept of a hydraulic powered torque wrench was first introduced on the market sometime in the early 1960s in a primitive form, and several key advances have been developed by... |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Relation to C-reactive protein Erythrocyte_sedimentation_rate > Relation to C-reactive protein Such inflammation may not be enough to raise the level of ESR. Those with high ESR usually do not have demonstrable inflammation. However, in cases of low grade bacterial infections of bone and ... |
Pendant drop method Pendant drop test Water_droplets > Pendant drop test In the pendant drop test, a drop of liquid is suspended from the end of a tube or by any surface by surface tension. The force due to surface tension is proportional to the length of the boundary between the liquid and the tube, with the proportio... |
Salt (chemistry) Solubility Potassium_salt > Properties > Solubility Many ionic compounds exhibit significant solubility in water or other polar solvents. Unlike molecular compounds, salts dissociate in solution into anionic and cationic components. The lattice energy, the cohesive forces between these ions within a so... |
Local Universe Particles Physical_universe > Composition > Particles Of central importance is the Standard Model, a theory that is concerned with electromagnetic interactions and the weak and strong nuclear interactions. The Standard Model is supported by the experimental confirmation of the existence of particles that... |
Java Enterprise Edition Specifications Java_EE > Specifications Jakarta EE includes several specifications that serve different purposes, like generating web pages, reading and writing from a database in a transactional way, managing distributed queues. The Jakarta EE APIs include several technologies that extend the f... |
Lateral raise Shoulder fly Chest_fly > Equipment > Shoulder fly The shoulder fly (also known as a lateral raise) works the deltoid muscle of the shoulder. The movement starts with the arms straight, and the hands holding weights at the sides or in front of the body. Body is in a slight forward-leaning position with hip... |
Fourier optics Eigenfunction (natural mode) solutions: background and overview Fourier_optics > The plane wave spectrum: the foundation of Fourier optics > Eigenfunction (natural mode) solutions: background and overview In certain physics applications such as in the computation of bands in a periodic volume, it is ofte... |
Key finding attacks Analytical key finding Key_finding_attacks > Approaches > Analytical key finding While statistical key finding can be effective for reducing the amount of memory that needs to be searched, it still requires high-entropy areas to be tested to check if they contain the correct key material. In certain... |
Bioenergetic systems Coupled reactions Bioenergetic_systems > Coupled reactions The ATP–CP system neither uses oxygen nor produces lactic acid if oxygen is unavailable and is thus called alactic anaerobic. This is the primary system behind very short, powerful movements like a golf swing, a 100 m sprint or powerlifting... |
Messenger particles Particle and field viewpoints Exchange_particle > Particle and field viewpoints Photons, W bosons, and Z bosons, excitations of the electroweak gauge fields. Higgs bosons, excitations of one component of the Higgs field, which gives mass to fundamental particles.In addition, composite particles such... |
Signal-recognition particle Mechanism Signal_recognition_particle > Mechanism In eukaryotes, SRP binds to the signal sequence of a newly synthesized peptide as it emerges from the ribosome. This binding leads to the slowing of protein synthesis known as "elongation arrest", a conserved function of SRP that facilitates ... |
Gauge–gravity duality Second superstring revolution Strings_theory > History > Second superstring revolution Petr Hořava and Witten found the eleven-dimensional formulation of the heterotic string theories, showing that orbifolds solve the chirality problem. Witten noted that the effective description of the physics of... |
EXEC 8 CPU dispatch EXEC_8 > History > The Exec > Performing work > CPU dispatch The Dispatcher, I/O completions, and I/O initiation are some examples. All locks used by both of these priorities are spin locks as the only way they can be set by someone else is on another processor and the design requires that they only... |
Asymmetric multiprocessing Summary Asymmetric_multiprocessing An asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP or ASMP) system is a multiprocessor computer system where not all of the multiple interconnected central processing units (CPUs) are treated equally. For example, a system might allow (either at the hardware or operating sy... |
TCP hole punching Types of NAT TCP_hole_punching > Types of NAT The availability of TCP hole punching depends on the type of computer port allocation used by the NAT. For two peers behind a NAT to connect to each other via TCP simultaneous open, they need to know a little bit about each other. One thing that they absol... |
Information processing Information processing model: the working memory Information_processing > In cognitive psychology > Models and theories > Information processing model: the working memory According to Linden (2007), "The capacity of STM had initially been estimated at "seven plus or minus two" items (Miller 1956)... |
Group cognition Writings on Small-Group Cognition Group_cognition > Writings on Group Cognition > Writings on Small-Group Cognition It reflects on the design-based research methodology for analyzing group cognition and provides some analyzed examples of small group cognitive interaction. It includes philosophic, techni... |
Cache algorithm Overview Cache_algorithms > Overview The actual hit ratio varies widely from one application to another. In particular, video and audio streaming applications often have a hit ratio close to zero, because each bit of data in the stream is read once for the first time (a compulsory miss), used, and then ... |
Key–value database Types and examples Key–value_database > Types and examples Key–value databases can use consistency models ranging from eventual consistency to serializability. Some support ordering of keys. Some maintain data in memory (RAM), while others employ solid-state drives or rotating disks. Every entity (re... |
Multi-access edge computing Distributed computing in the RAN Mobile_edge_computing > Distributed computing in the RAN MEC provides a distributed computing environment for application and service hosting. It also has the ability to store and process content close to cellular subscribers, for faster response time. Applic... |
Space tether missions Description Space_tether_missions > Description The sub-satellite is released from the base assisted by a spring ejection system, centrifugal force or gravity gradient effects. Tethers can be deployed for a range of applications, including electrodynamic propulsion, momentum exchange, artificial g... |
Limit supremum Sequences of sets Limit_supremum > Sequences of sets Hence, it is the infimum of the limit points. Because ordering is by set inclusion, then the outer limit will always contain the inner limit (i.e., lim inf Xn ⊆ lim sup Xn). Hence, when considering the convergence of a sequence of sets, it generally su... |
Lightning Memory-Mapped Database Performance Lightning_Memory-Mapped_Database > Performance The benchmarks showed the underlying filesystem as having a big influence on performance. JFS with an external journal performs well, especially compared to other modern systems like Btrfs and ZFS. Zimbra has tested back-mdb vs ... |
Products in algebraic topology The cup product Products_in_algebraic_topology > The cup product H p ( X ) ⊗ H q ( X ) → H p + q ( X ) {\displaystyle H^{p}(X)\otimes H^{q}(X)\to H^{p+q}(X)} This product can be understood as induced by the exterior product of differential forms in de Rham cohomology. It makes the singula... |
Linear density Summary Linear_mass_density Linear density is the measure of a quantity of any characteristic value per unit of length. Linear mass density (titer in textile engineering, the amount of mass per unit length) and linear charge density (the amount of electric charge per unit length) are two common examples ... |
Branch migration Prokaryotes Branch_migration > Mechanism > Prokaryotes The mechanism for prokaryotic branch migration has been studied many times in Escherichia coli. In E. coli, the proteins RuvA and RuvB come together and form a complex that facilitates the process in a number of ways. RuvA is a tetramer and binds t... |
Eisenmenger's syndrome Pathogenesis Eisenmenger_syndrome > Pathogenesis Scar (dead lung tissue) does not contribute to oxygen transfer, therefore decreasing the useful volume of the pulmonary vasculature. The scar tissue also provides less flexibility and compliance than normal lung tissue, causing further increases in... |
Teriflunomide Mechanisms of action Teriflunomide > Mechanisms of action Teriflunomide is an immunomodulatory drug inhibiting pyrimidine de novo synthesis by blocking the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. It is uncertain whether this explains its effect on MS lesions.Teriflunomide inhibits rapidly dividing cells, inc... |
Riemann–Stieltjes Integral Riemann integral Riemann–Stieltjes_Integral > Examples and special cases > Riemann integral The standard Riemann integral is a special case of the Riemann–Stieltjes integral where g ( x ) = x {\displaystyle g(x)=x} . |
E = mc² Alternative version Mass–energy_equivalence > History > Einstein: mass–energy equivalence > Alternative version However, if the same process is considered in a frame that moves with velocity v to the left, the pulse moving to the left is redshifted, while the pulse moving to the right is blue shifted. The blue ... |
FtsZ Summary FtsZ The hypothesis was that cell division mutants of E. coli would grow as filaments due to the inability of the daughter cells to separate from one another. FtsZ is found in almost all bacteria, many archaea, all chloroplasts and some mitochondria, where it is essential for cell division. FtsZ assembles ... |
PAC learning Definitions and terminology PAC_learning > Definitions and terminology In the character recognition problem, the instance space is X = { 0 , 1 } n {\displaystyle X=\{0,1\}^{n}} . In the interval problem the instance space, X {\displaystyle X} , is the set of all bounded intervals in R {\displaystyle \mathb... |
Elementary mathematics Basic two-dimensional geometry Elementary_mathematics > Strands of elementary mathematics > Basic two-dimensional geometry A circle is a simple shape of two-dimensional geometry that is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the center.The distance betwe... |
Names for the number 0 in English "O" ("oh") Names_for_the_number_0_in_English > "O" ("oh") Another example is James Bond's designation, 007, which is always read as "double-o seven", not "double-zero seven", "zero-zero seven", or "o o seven".The letter "o" ("oh") is also used in spoken English as the name of the numbe... |
Mean-field theory Non-interacting spins approximation Mean-field_approximation > Applications > Ising model > Non-interacting spins approximation {\displaystyle h^{\text{eff.}}} . We thus have two equations between m {\displaystyle m} and h eff. |
Polonium tetranitrate Synthesis Polonium_tetranitrate > Synthesis Dissolution of metallic polonium in concentrated nitric acid: P o + 8 H N O 3 → P o ( N O 3 ) 4 + 4 N O 2 ↑ + 4 H 2 O {\displaystyle {\mathsf {Po+8HNO_{3}\ {\xrightarrow {}}\ Po(NO_{3})_{4}+4NO_{2}\uparrow +4H_{2}O}}} |
Abiogenesis Chemiosmosis Origins_of_life > Producing biology > Chemiosmosis The energy required to release strongly bound ATP has its origin in protons that move across the membrane. In modern cells, those proton movements are caused by the pumping of ions across the membrane, maintaining an electrochemical gradient. I... |
Evolution of Infectious Disease Evolution Evolution_of_Infectious_Disease > Evolution If an organism lives a moderately healthy lifestyle, including its diet, physical activity, and decreased stress, its chances of fighting off infectious diseases increase. Host resistance pivots around how well a host's immune system ... |
Epigenome editing General concept Epigenome_editing > General concept Although DNA methylation at gene promoters typically correlates with gene repression, methylation at gene bodies is correlated with gene activation, and DNA methylation may also play a role in gene splicing. The ability to directly target and edit in... |
Gnome sort Summary Gnome_sort The average running time is O(n2) but tends towards O(n) if the list is initially almost sorted.Dick Grune described the sorting method with the following story: Gnome Sort is based on the technique used by the standard Dutch Garden Gnome (Du. : tuinkabouter). Here is how a garden gnome so... |
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