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Transmitted light microscope Condenser Transmitted_light_microscope > Components > Condenser The condenser is a lens designed to focus light from the illumination source onto the sample. The condenser may also include other features, such as a diaphragm and/or filters, to manage the quality and intensity of the illumin... |
PID algorithm Loop tuning Steady-state_error > Loop tuning Designing and tuning a PID controller appears to be conceptually intuitive, but can be hard in practice, if multiple (and often conflicting) objectives, such as short transient and high stability, are to be achieved. PID controllers often provide acceptable con... |
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Infection Non-muscle_invasive_bladder_cancer > Causes > Infection They cause alkylation DNA damage, specially Guanine to Adenine transition mutations in the HRAS and p53 tumor suppressor gene. Mutations of p53 are detected in 73% of the tumors, BCL-2 mutations accounting for 32% and t... |
History of tuberculosis Containment History_of_tuberculosis > Twentieth century > Containment At the beginning of the 20th century, tuberculosis was one of the UK's most urgent health problems. A royal commission was set up in 1901, The Royal Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Relations of Human and Animal Tuberc... |
Protein Protein purification Protein_function > Methods of study > Protein purification To simplify this process, genetic engineering is often used to add chemical features to proteins that make them easier to purify without affecting their structure or activity. Here, a "tag" consisting of a specific amino acid sequen... |
Black body spectrum Further explanation Black-body_radiation > Theory > Further explanation According to the Classical Theory of Radiation, if each Fourier mode of the equilibrium radiation (in an otherwise empty cavity with perfectly reflective walls) is considered as a degree of freedom capable of exchanging energy, ... |
Nervous system network models Computational neuron models Nervous_system_network_models > Nervous system models > Computational neuron models Computational neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field that combines engineering, biology, control systems, brain functions, physical sciences, and computer science. It has fun... |
Log-linear analysis Assumptions Log-linear_analysis > Assumptions There are three assumptions in log-linear analysis:1. The observations are independent and random; 2. Observed frequencies are normally distributed about expected frequencies over repeated samples. This is a good approximation if both (a) the expected fr... |
Driver CPC What is Driver CPC? Driver_CPC > What is Driver CPC? This must be maintained with 35 hours of periodic training every 5 years or the certificate will lapse. Bus and coach (PCV) drivers who hold a relevant vocational licence (D, D1, D+E and D1+E) gained before 10 September 2008, (including restricted vocation... |
Operational calculus History Operational_calculus > History Guided greatly by intuition and his wealth of knowledge on the physics behind his circuit studies, developed the operational calculus now ascribed to his name.At the time, Heaviside's methods were not rigorous, and his work was not further developed by mathem... |
Instruction pointer Summary Instruction_pointer The program counter (PC), commonly called the instruction pointer (IP) in Intel x86 and Itanium microprocessors, and sometimes called the instruction address register (IAR), the instruction counter, or just part of the instruction sequencer, is a processor register that i... |
Decentralized information technology Organizational structure of a firm Decentralization > Economic decentralization > Organizational structure of a firm These benefits are enhanced in firms with skill-intensive environments. Skilled workers are more able to analyze information, they pose less risk of information dupli... |
Radiation biology Summary Radiobiology Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology, and uncommonly as actinobiology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living things, in particular health effects of radiation. Ionizing radiation is general... |
Mental model Summary Mental_model A mental model in psychology is an internal representation of external reality, hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-making. The term was coined by Kenneth Craik in 1943 who suggested that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality that it use... |
Pyridine ring Nucleophilic substitutions Pyridine > Reactions > Nucleophilic substitutions So fluorine is the best leaving group for the substitution with organolithium compounds. The nucleophilic attack compounds may be alkoxides, thiolates, amines, and ammonia (at elevated pressures).In general, the hydride ion is a ... |
Special Relativity Summary Theoretical_total_mass-energy In physics, the special theory of relativity, or special relativity for short, is a scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 treatment, the theory is presented as being based on just two postulates: The laws of physi... |
Chylomicron retention disease Signs and symptoms Chylomicron_retention_disease > Signs and symptoms Without Vitamin E, neurons cannot operate correctly and signals from the brain are weakened. This leads to reduced muscle development and reduced muscle contraction. Symptoms that manifest in the GI tract are likely to b... |
Machine learning Statistics Machine_learning > History and relationships to other fields > Statistics In contrast, machine learning is not built on a pre-structured model; rather, the data shape the model by detecting underlying patterns. The more variables (input) used to train the model, the more accurate the ultimat... |
Eccentric training Eccentric exercise Eccentric_exercise > Eccentric exercise Negative work is the mechanical energy absorbed by the work conducted on a muscle when the force on the muscle is greater than the force produced. An experiment was conducted on bicycle riding. The amount of oxygen consumption was measured du... |
Discovery and development of beta-blockers Synthesis Discovery_and_development_of_beta-blockers > Synthesis The second way is shown as the lower route in figure 5. It consists of displacement of the halogen directly with a SN2 reaction to give the same glycidic ether. |
Thermal Energy Storage Molecular bonds Thermal_storage > Categories > Thermo-chemical heat storage > Molecular bonds This sounds easier than it actually is. Four electrons of the water molecules need to be separated and transported elsewhere. |
Michell structures Summary Michell_structures Michell structures are structures that are optimal based on the criteria defined by A.G.M. Michell in his frequently referenced 1904 paper.Michell states that “a frame (today called truss) (is optimal) attains the limit of economy of material possible in any frame-structure... |
Primality tests Other tests Primality_tests > Probabilistic tests > Other tests Leonard Adleman and Ming-Deh Huang presented an errorless (but expected polynomial-time) variant of the elliptic curve primality test. Unlike the other probabilistic tests, this algorithm produces a primality certificate, and thus can be us... |
Statistical bias Data selection Detection_bias > Types > Data selection Observer selection bias occurs when the evidence presented has been pre-filtered by observers, which is so-called anthropic principle. The data collected is not only filtered by the design of experiment, but also by the necessary precondition that ... |
Shared memory In hardware Shared_memory_architecture > In hardware Shared memory computers cannot scale very well. Most of them have ten or fewer processors; lack of data coherence: whenever one cache is updated with information that may be used by other processors, the change needs to be reflected to the other process... |
Basal ganglia Pallidum Basal_nuclei > Structure > Pallidum The GPe receives input mainly from the striatum, and projects to the subthalamic nucleus. The GPi receives signals from the striatum via the "direct" and "indirect" pathways. Pallidal neurons operate using a disinhibition principle. These neurons fire at steady... |
Serotonin toxicity Pathophysiology Serotonin_toxicity > Pathophysiology Serotonin is a neurotransmitter involved in multiple complex biological processes including aggression, pain, sleep, appetite, anxiety, depression, migraine, and vomiting. In humans the effects of excess serotonin were first noted in 1960 in patien... |
Failure modes of electronics Contact failures Failure_modes_of_electronics > Contact failures Corrosion may cause buildup of oxides and other nonconductive products on the contact surfaces. When closed, these then show unacceptably high resistance; they may also migrate and cause shorts. Tin whiskers can form on tin-co... |
Cap and Share Design Cap_and_Share > Design 'Classic' Cap and Share says people in rich countries should not be entitled to greater allocations than those in poor countries - all allocations should be equal - but it also suggests that in the early years of the system, a portion of everyone's emissions entitlement shoul... |
Table of Integrals, Series, and Products Japanese edition Table_of_Integrals,_Series,_and_Products > Editions > Japanese edition Градштейн (Guradoshu グラドシュ), И. С.; Рыжик (Rijiku リジク), И. М. (December 1983). Sūgaku daikōshikishū 数学大公式集 (in Japanese). Translated by Otsuki, Yoshihiko (大槻 義彦) (1 ed.). |
Earth ship Power Earthship > Power Earthships are designed to collect and store their own energy. The majority of electrical energy is harvested from the sun and wind. Photovoltaic panels and wind turbines on or near the Earthship generate DC electricity that is stored in deep-cycle batteries. The batteries are housed ... |
Seasonal breeder Physiology Seasonal_breeder > Physiology The hypothalamus is considered to be the central control for reproduction due to its role in hormone regulation. Hence, factors that determine when a seasonal breeder will be ready for mating affect this tissue. This is achieved specifically through changes in t... |
Language codes Summary Language_codes A language code is a code that assigns letters or numbers as identifiers or classifiers for languages. These codes may be used to organize library collections or presentations of data, to choose the correct localizations and translations in computing, and as a shorthand designation... |
Frantz Yvelin Early life and education Frantz_Yvelin > Early life and education A commercial pilot since the age of 21, Yvelin is type-rated on Airbus A320, Boeing 737, Boeing 757, Boeing 767, Cessna Citation and McDonnell Douglas MD80. |
Twin Earth thought experiment The thought experiment Twin_Earth_thought_experiment > The thought experiment Putnam's original formulation of the experiment was this: We begin by supposing that elsewhere in the universe there is a planet exactly like Earth in virtually all aspects, which we refer to as "Twin Earth". (We... |
Cancer immunotherapy Immune checkpoints PD-1_inhibitor > Research > Immune checkpoints Immune checkpoints affect the immune system function. Immune checkpoints can be stimulatory or inhibitory. Tumors can use these checkpoints to protect themselves from immune system attacks. Currently approved checkpoint therapies blo... |
Quantity equation Percentages, derivatives and integrals Quantity_equation > Concrete numbers and base units > Percentages, derivatives and integrals Percentages are dimensionless quantities, since they are ratios of two quantities with the same dimensions. In other words, the % sign can be read as "hundredths", since ... |
Economic equilibrium Example: Nash equilibrium Market_equilibrium > Properties of equilibrium > Example: Nash equilibrium In the standard Cournot model this is downward sloping: if the other firm produces a higher output, the best response involves producing less. Best response dynamics involves firms starting from som... |
Open pond Photobioreactors Open_pond > Growing, harvesting, and processing algae > Methods > Photobioreactors A PBR can operate in "batch mode", which involves restocking the reactor after each harvest, but it is also possible to grow and harvest continuously. Continuous operation requires precise control of all elemen... |
Quantum system Particle in a box Quantum_laws > Examples > Particle in a box With the differential operator defined by p ^ x = − i ℏ d d x {\displaystyle {\hat {p}}_{x}=-i\hbar {\frac {d}{dx}}} the previous equation is evocative of the classic kinetic energy analogue, 1 2 m p ^ x 2 = E , {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{2m}}{... |
Power harassment Summary Power_harassment Power harassment is a form of harassment and workplace bullying in which someone in a position of greater power uses that power to harass or bully a lower-ranking person. It includes a range of behavior from mild irritation and annoyances to serious abuses which can even involv... |
Arc system Mechanism Arc_system > Mechanism Phosphorylated ArcA is then able to attach to specific, consensus gene sequences on the chromosome regulating approximately 30 different operons. ArcA is able to acts as both a repressor and an activator depending on which operon it attaches.When oxygen levels are low, ArcB a... |
Circuit theory Small signal equivalent circuit Non-linear_networks > Non-linear networks > Methods > Small signal equivalent circuit This method can be used where the deviation of the input and output signals in a network stay within a substantially linear portion of the non-linear devices transfer function, or else ar... |
Chemical fuel Chemical Chemical_fuel > Chemical Chemical fuels are substances that release energy by reacting with substances around them, most notably by the process of combustion. Chemical fuels are divided in two ways. First, by their physical properties, as a solid, liquid or gas. Secondly, on the basis of their oc... |
Thermal profiling Thermocouple attachments Thermal_profiling > Soldering of electronic products > Thermocouple attachments Aluminum tape comes in various thicknesses and density. Heavier aluminum tape can defuse the heat transfer through the tape and act as an insulator. Low density aluminum tape allows for heat transf... |
Biological network DNA-DNA chromatin networks Biological_network > Networks in biology > DNA-DNA chromatin networks Within a nucleus, DNA is constantly in motion. Perpetual actions such as genome folding and Cohesin extrusion morph the shape of a genome in real time. The spatial location of strands of chromatin relativ... |
MAXEkSAT Summary MAXEkSAT MAXEkSAT is a problem in computational complexity theory that is a maximization version of the Boolean satisfiability problem 3SAT. In MAXEkSAT, each clause has exactly k literals, each with distinct variables, and is in conjunctive normal form. These are called k-CNF formulas. |
NewSQL Summary NewSQL NewSQL is a class of relational database management systems that seek to provide the scalability of NoSQL systems for online transaction processing (OLTP) workloads while maintaining the ACID guarantees of a traditional database system.Many enterprise systems that handle high-profile data (e.g., f... |
Complexification Formal definition Complexification > Formal definition As it stands, V C {\displaystyle V^{\mathbb {C} }} is only a real vector space. However, we can make V C {\displaystyle V^{\mathbb {C} }} into a complex vector space by defining complex multiplication as follows: α ( v ⊗ β ) = v ⊗ ( α β ) for all v... |
Scandium acetate Summary Scandium_acetate Scandium acetate is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of Sc(CH3COO)3. It exists in the anhydrous and the hydrate forms. It can be obtained by reacting scandium hydroxide with aqueous acetic acid. |
Diffuse proliferative nephritis End Stage Renal Disease Diffuse_proliferative_nephritis > Epidemiology > End Stage Renal Disease About 38% of people with ESRD will be diagnosed with DPGN. In the United States, about 4.5 per million cases of ESRD are caused by DPGN. |
Open rate Summary Open_rate There are two types of "open rates" one for electronic mail (aka e-mail; see below) and one for physical mail (aka snail mail via the USPS or other physical mail carrier). |
Membrane potential Summary Cell_excitability This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an a... |
JUNQ and IPOD Summary JUNQ_and_IPOD JUNQ and IPOD are types of cytosolic protein inclusion bodies in eukaryotes. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's, are associated and correlated with protein aggregation and accumulation of misfolded proteins in inclusion bodies. For many yea... |
Permutation tests Monte Carlo testing Permutation_tests > Monte Carlo testing In the example above, the confidence interval only tells us that there is roughly a 50% chance that the p-value is smaller than 0.05, i.e. it is completely unclear whether the null hypothesis should be rejected at a level α = 0.05 {\displayst... |
Reactive synthesis Summary Reactive_synthesis Reactive synthesis (or temporal synthesis) is the field of computer science that studies automatic generation of state machines (e.g. Moore machines) from high-level specifications (e.g. formulas in linear temporal logic). "Reactivity" highlights the fact that the synthesiz... |
Lyapunov stable Lyapunov's second method for stability Lyapunov's_theory > Definition for continuous-time systems > Lyapunov's second method for stability An additional condition called "properness" or "radial unboundedness" is required in order to conclude global stability. Global asymptotic stability (GAS) follows si... |
Integer underflow Explicit propagation Integer_underflow > Methods to address integer overflow problems > Explicit propagation If a value is too large to be stored it can be assigned a special value indicating that overflow has occurred and then have all successive operations return this flag value. Such values are som... |
Current density In practice Current_density > In practice In transformers designed for high frequencies, loss is reduced if Litz wire is used for the windings. This is made of multiple isolated wires in parallel with a diameter twice the skin depth. The isolated strands are twisted together to increase the total skin a... |
Wrapped normal distribution Summary Wrapped_normal_distribution In probability theory and directional statistics, a wrapped normal distribution is a wrapped probability distribution that results from the "wrapping" of the normal distribution around the unit circle. It finds application in the theory of Brownian motion ... |
Database encryption Key management Database_encryption > Key management The complexity of key management logistics is also a topic that needs to be taken into consideration. As the number of application that a firm uses increases, the number of keys that need to be stored and managed increases as well. Thus it is neces... |
Glossary of computer chess terms A–M Glossary_of_computer_chess_terms > A–M bit A binary digit, 0 or 1. The smallest piece of information that can be stored or manipulated by the computer bit board An array of 64 bits, each bit representing a square of the chess board. Multiple bit boards are used with each board recor... |
Zygosaccharomyces bailii Morphology and modes of reproduction Zygosaccharomyces_bailii > Morphology and modes of reproduction Zygosaccharomyces bailii vegetative cells are usually ellipsoid, non-motile and reproduced asexually by multilateral budding, i.e. the buds can arise from various sites on the cells. During the ... |
DNA topology Primary structure Nucleic_acid_structure > Primary structure Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines, hence the glycosidic bonds form between their 1 nitrogen and the 1' -OH of the deoxyribose. For both the purine and pyrimidine bases, the phosphate group forms a bond with the deoxyribose sugar throu... |
Tunnel field-effect transistor Summary Tunnel_field-effect_transistor The tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) is an experimental type of transistor. Even though its structure is very similar to a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), the fundamental switching mechanism differs, making this devic... |
Crystallographic point group Schoenflies notation Crystallographic_point_group > Notation > Schoenflies notation Dnd has, in addition to the elements of Dn, mirror planes parallel to the n-fold axis. The letter T (for tetrahedron) indicates that the group has the symmetry of a tetrahedron. |
Gran plot Summary Gran_plot These approximations are only valid near, but not at, the end point, and so the method differs from end point estimations by way of first- and second-derivative plots, which require data at the end point. Gran plots were originally devised for graphical determinations in pre-computer times, ... |
Ockham’s razor Richard Swinburne Ockham’s_razor > Justifications > Other philosophers > Richard Swinburne Richard Swinburne argues for simplicity on logical grounds: ... the simplest hypothesis proposed as an explanation of phenomena is more likely to be the true one than is any other available hypothesis, that its pre... |
Drift racing Drift competition Drift_racing > Drift competition This is why a driver wants to maintain their speed through the large angle. Achieving this correctly judges will give you a higher score. Line - In almost any drifting scene or competition the driver will need to follow a "line". |
Temporary satellite Artificial objects on temporary satellite orbits Temporary_satellite > Artificial objects on temporary satellite orbits The Earth can also temporarily capture defunct space probes or rockets travelling on solar orbits, in which case astronomers cannot always immediately determine whether the object ... |
Closest point query Locality sensitive hashing Nearest_neighbor_distance_ratio > Methods > Approximation methods > Locality sensitive hashing Locality sensitive hashing (LSH) is a technique for grouping points in space into 'buckets' based on some distance metric operating on the points. Points that are close to each o... |
Mean values Arithmetic mean (AM) Mean_values > Types of means > Pythagorean means > Arithmetic mean (AM) The arithmetic mean (or simply mean) of a list of numbers, is the sum of all of the numbers divided by the number of numbers. Similarly, the mean of a sample x 1 , x 2 , … , x n {\displaystyle x_{1},x_{2},\ldots ,x_... |
Benzo(a)pyrene Interaction with DNA Benzo(a)pyrene > Toxicity > Interaction with DNA Upon binding the transformed receptor translocates to the nucleus where it dimerises with ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator) and then binds xenobiotic response elements (XREs) in DNA located upstream of certain genes... |
Intelligent speed assistance Dead reckoning Intelligent_speed_adaptation > Speed and location determination and verification > Dead reckoning By overlaying this path onto a digital map, the DR system knows approximately where the vehicle is, what the local speed limit is, and the speed at which the vehicle is travellin... |
Paired-end tag PET applications Paired-end_tag > PET applications Sequencing the cDNAs can reveal the structures of transcripts in great details, but this approach is much more expensive than RNA-PET sequencing, especially for characterizing the whole transcriptome. The major limitation of RNA-PET is the lack of inform... |
Biological Theory Abstracting and indexing Biological_Theory > Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in BIOSIS Previews, Biological Abstracts, and The Zoological Record. |
Latent tuberculosis Epidemiology Latent_tuberculosis > Epidemiology "In the US, over half of all active TB cases occur in immigrants. The reported cases of active TB in foreign-born persons has remained at 7000–8000 per year, while the number of cases in US-born people has dropped from 17,000 in 1993 to 6,500 in 2005. ... |
High-level synthesis Source input Algorithmic_synthesis > Source input The most common source inputs for high-level synthesis are based on standard languages such as ANSI C/C++, SystemC and MATLAB. High-level synthesis typically also includes a bit-accurate executable specification as input, since to derive an efficien... |
Hurter–Driffield curve Details Hurter–Driffield_curve > Details Plots of film density (log of opacity) versus the log of exposure are called characteristic curves, Hurter–Driffield curves, H–D curves, HD curves, H & D curves, D–logE curves, or D–logH curves. At moderate exposures, the overall shape is typically a bit l... |
Web of Trust Summary Web_of_Trust In cryptography, a web of trust is a concept used in PGP, GnuPG, and other OpenPGP-compatible systems to establish the authenticity of the binding between a public key and its owner. Its decentralized trust model is an alternative to the centralized trust model of a public key infrastr... |
Organoactinide chemistry Organometallic complexes with σ-bonding Organoactinide_chemistry > Organometallic complexes with σ-bonding Most common organoactinide complexes involve π-bonding with ligands such as cyclopentadienyl, but there are a few exceptions with σ-bonding, namely in thorium and uranium chemistry as thes... |
Silent auction Terminology Rank_auction > Terminology If the lot is for a group of items, the price paid is for the entire lot and the winning bidder must take all the items sold. Variants on a group lot bid include "choice" and "times the money" (see definitions for each). Example: An auction has five bath fragrance g... |
Computer-human interaction Principles based on attention Human-computer_interactions > Display designs > Thirteen principles of display design > Principles based on attention 8. Minimizing information access cost or interaction cost. When the user's attention is diverted from one location to another to access necessary... |
Material point method The algorithm Material_point_method > The algorithm An MPM simulation consists of the following stages: (Prior to the time integration phase) Initialization of grid and material points. A geometry is discretized into a collection of material points, each with its own material properties and initia... |
Data independence First Level of Data Independence Physical_data_independence > First Level of Data Independence The logical structure of the data is known as the 'schema definition'. In general, if a user application operates on a subset of the attributes of a relation, it should not be affected later when new attribu... |
Ontology chart Overview Ontology_chart > Overview The nodes of an ontology chart represent universal affordances and rarely represent particulars. The exception is the root which is a particular agent often labelled ‘society’ and located on the extreme left of an ontology chart. The root is often dropped in practice bu... |
Clonal selection Theories supported by clonal selection Clonal_selection_theory > Theories supported by clonal selection If non-self tissue is introduced, lymphocytes that develop are the ones that include the non-self tissues as self tissue. In 1959, Burnet proposed that under certain circumstances, tissues could be s... |
Linear time-invariant system Z and discrete-time Fourier transforms Linear_time-invariant_system > Discrete-time systems > Z and discrete-time Fourier transforms The eigenfunction property of exponentials is very useful for both analysis and insight into LTI systems. The Z transform is exactly the way to get the eigenv... |
Z88 FEM software Overview Z88_FEM_software > History and functionalities > Overview The software was developed by Frank Rieg, a professor for engineering design and CAD at the University of Bayreuth. Originally written in FORTRAN 77, the program was ported to the programming language C in the early 1990s. There are two... |
Ecophenotypic variation Animals Ecophenotypic_variation > Animals Mutations to the genes are the only source of genetic variation. In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes half of his or her genome to the offspring; thus the offspring contain a mixture of genetic material. Adaptations are traits that increase fi... |
Dynamic equilibrium Relationship between equilibrium and rate constants Dynamic_equilibrium > Relationship between equilibrium and rate constants {\textstyle t\gtrapprox {\frac {10}{k_{f}+k_{b}}}.} Since the concentrations do not change thereafter, they are, by definition, equilibrium concentrations. Now, the equilibri... |
Linear hashing File contraction Linear_hashing > Algorithm details > File contraction If under controlled splitting the load factor sinks below a threshold, a merge operation is triggered. The merge operation undoes the last split, also resetting the file state. |
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 3D structures Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_complex > External links > 3D structures 98 (26): 14802–14807. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9814802Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.011597698. |
Human kidney Function Kidney > Function The kidneys excrete a variety of waste products produced by metabolism into the urine. The microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. It processes the blood supplied to it via filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion; the consequence of thos... |
Common lymphoid progenitor Terminology Common_lymphoid_progenitor > Terminology But science is an additive game, and it was eventually found these progenitors were not unique, and further that the two great families of myeloid and lymphoid were not disjoint, but rather two partially interwoven family trees. This is mor... |
Subquadratic time Summary Logarithmic_time In computer science, the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of computer time it takes to run an algorithm. Time complexity is commonly estimated by counting the number of elementary operations performed by the algorithm, supposing that ea... |
Multiple sclerosis research Treatments Multiple_sclerosis_research > Treatments Moreover, synergies, in which a drug potentiates the effect of another are also possible. Nevertheless, there can also appear important drawbacks such as antagonizing mechanisms of action or potentiation of deleterious secondary effects. Wh... |
Aether theories Quantum vacuum Aether_theories > Non-standard interpretations in modern physics > Quantum vacuum Quantum mechanics can be used to describe spacetime as being non-empty at extremely small scales, fluctuating and generating particle pairs that appear and disappear incredibly quickly. It has been suggested... |
Quality of service IP and Ethernet efforts Quality_of_service > Mechanisms > IP and Ethernet efforts Typically, some bandwidth is allocated by default to network control packets (such as Internet Control Message Protocol and routing protocols), while best-effort traffic might simply be given whatever bandwidth is left ... |
Hilbert spaces Partial differential equations Hilbert_Space > Applications > Partial differential equations For linear elliptic equations, one geometrical result that ensures unique solvability for a large class of problems is the Lax–Milgram theorem. This strategy forms the rudiment of the Galerkin method (a finite el... |
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