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Collision Perfect inelastic collision Collision_of_bodies > Examples of collisions that can be solved analytically > Perfect inelastic collision In a perfect inelastic collision, i.e., a zero coefficient of restitution, the colliding particles coalesce. It is necessary to consider conservation of momentum: m a u a + m ... |
Fixed-point computation Algorithms for differentiable functions Fixed-point_computation > Contractive functions > Algorithms for differentiable functions When the function f is differentiable, and the algorithm can evaluate its derivative (not only f itself), the Newton method can be used and it is much faster. |
Continuous Random Variables Absolutely continuous probability distribution Continuous_probability_distribution > Absolutely continuous probability distribution An absolutely continuous probability distribution is a probability distribution on the real numbers with uncountably many possible values, such as a whole inter... |
Angular momentum Examples Introduction_to_angular_momentum > Examples In the case of a uniform rigid sphere rotating around its axis, if, instead of its mass, its density is known, the angular momentum L {\displaystyle L} is given by where ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the sphere's density, f {\displaystyle f} is the freq... |
Optical spectroscopy Other types Spectroscopy > Other types The techniques are widely used by organic chemists, mineralogists, and planetary scientists. Transient grating spectroscopy measures quasiparticle propagation. It can track changes in metallic materials as they are irradiated. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectro... |
Wheelchair ramp Summary Wheelchair_ramp However, they consume more space and require traveling a greater distance to go up. Hence, in some cases it is preferable to include an elevator or other type of wheelchair lift.In many countries, wheelchair ramps and other features to facilitate universal access are required by ... |
Antiperiplanar geometry Molecular orbitals Antiperiplanar_geometry > Molecular orbitals An important factor in the antiperiplanar conformer is the interaction between molecular orbitals. Anti-periplanar geometry will put a bonding orbital and an anti-bonding orbital approximately parallel to each other, or syn-periplan... |
Catalytic reformer Weaknesses and Competition Catalytic_reformer > Weaknesses and Competition The sensitivity of catalytic reforming to contamination by sulfur and nitrogen requires hydrotreating the naphtha before it enters the reformer, adding to the cost and complexity of the process. Dehydrogenation, an important c... |
Exobase Summary Thermopause The thermopause is the atmospheric boundary of Earth's energy system, located at the top of the thermosphere. The temperature of the thermopause could range from nearly absolute zero to 987.547 °C (1,810 °F). Below this, the atmosphere is defined to be active on the insolation received, due ... |
Markov Chains Stationary distribution relation to eigenvectors and simplices Transition_probabilities > Formal definition > Finite state space > Stationary distribution relation to eigenvectors and simplices A stationary distribution π is a (row) vector, whose entries are non-negative and sum to 1, is unchanged by the ... |
RDNA 2 Cache and memory subsystem RDNA_2 > Architectural details > Cache and memory subsystem The Infinity Cache is made up of two sets of 64 MB cache that can run on its own clock rate independent from the GPU cores. The Infinity Cache has a peak internal transfer bandwidth of 1986.6 GB/s and results in less reliance ... |
Plasma glucose High blood sugar Blood_sugar_levels > Abnormalities > High blood sugar The most common cause of hyperglycemia is diabetes. When diabetes is the cause, physicians typically recommend an anti-diabetic medication as treatment. From the perspective of the majority of patients, treatment with an old, well-und... |
Mesenchymal stromal cells Clinical significance Mesenchymal_cells > Clinical significance Mesenchymal stem cells can be activated and mobilized in reaction to injury and infection. As of May 2023, ClinicalTrials.gov lists more than 1,100 studies featuring MSCs for more than 920 conditions. |
Adiabatic engine Summary Carnot_heat_engine A Carnot heat engine is a theoretical heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle. The basic model for this engine was developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824. The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematicall... |
Combo washer dryer Description Washer-dryer > Description Combination washer-dryers are popular among those living in smaller urban properties as they only need half the amount of space usually required for a separate washing machine and clothes dryer, and may not require an external air vent. Additionally, combination... |
Integral equations Homogeneity Singular_integral_equations > Classification and overview > Homogeneity Homogenous: An integral equation is called homogeneous if the known function f {\displaystyle f} is identically zero.Inhomogenous: An integral equation is called inhomogeneous if the known function f {\displaystyle f}... |
Functional relationship General properties Function_notation > General properties This section describes general properties of functions, that are independent of specific properties of the domain and the codomain. |
Granulin Other diseases Granulin > Clinical significance > Other diseases While progranulin may be anti-atherogenic, granulins may be pro-atherogenic. Increased serum and plasma progranulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and visceral obesity implicating progranulin in metabolic diseases.A recent genome-wide as... |
Radical polymerisation Summary Free_radical_polymerization In polymer chemistry, free-radical polymerization (FRP) is a method of polymerization by which a polymer forms by the successive addition of free-radical building blocks (repeat units). Free radicals can be formed by a number of different mechanisms, usually in... |
Osmoconformer Craniates Osmoconformer > Examples > Craniates Rather than ingesting sea water in order to change their internal salinity, sharks are able to absorb sea water directly. This is due to the high concentration of urea kept inside their bodies. This high concentration of urea creates a diffusion gradient whic... |
Smoothing problem (stochastic processes) The confusion in terms and the relation between Filtering and Smoothing problems Smoothing_problem > The confusion in terms and the relation between Filtering and Smoothing problems In smoothing (also sense 2) all observation samples (from future) are used. Filtering is causal b... |
Health risk assessment Providers Health_risk_assessment > Providers There are reportedly over 50 different HRA providers in the market, offering a variety of versions and formats. Major vendors generally have National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) Wellness and Health Promotion (WHP) Certification or Health Inf... |
Special function Special functions of matrix arguments Special_functions > Special functions of matrix arguments Analogues of several special functions have been defined on the space of positive definite matrices, among them the power function which goes back to Atle Selberg, the multivariate gamma function, and types ... |
1,2-rearrangement Summary 1,2-rearrangement The rearrangement is intramolecular and the starting compound and reaction product are structural isomers. The 1,2-rearrangement belongs to a broad class of chemical reactions called rearrangement reactions. A rearrangement involving a hydrogen atom is called a 1,2-hydride sh... |
Cell cycle withdrawal Significance Cell_cycle_withdrawal > Permanent cell cycle withdrawal > Significance After senescence, body cells would start to become old, and several functions would be lost during the process. As these cells with limited functions are inefficient in performing body activities, they are programm... |
Professor's Cube Permutations Professor's_Cube > Permutations This gives a total number of permutations of 8 ! × 3 7 × 12 ! × 2 10 × 24 ! |
Equivalent (chemistry) Formal definition Molar_equivalent > Formal definition In a more formal definition, the equivalent is the amount of a substance needed to do one of the following: react with or supply one mole of hydrogen ions (H+) in an acid–base reaction react with or supply one mole of electrons in a redox rea... |
Ionic charge Formation of monatomic ions Ion_notation > Chemistry > Formation > Formation of monatomic ions Monatomic ions are formed by the gain or loss of electrons to the valence shell (the outer-most electron shell) in an atom. The inner shells of an atom are filled with electrons that are tightly bound to the posi... |
De Broglie-Bohm theory Bohmian mechanics Bohmian_Mechanics > History > Bohmian mechanics Bohmian mechanics is the same theory, but with an emphasis on the notion of current flow, which is determined on the basis of the quantum equilibrium hypothesis that the probability follows the Born rule. The term "Bohmian mechanic... |
Tree Overview Tree > Overview Wood gives structural strength to the trunk of most types of tree; this supports the plant as it grows larger. The vascular system of trees allows water, nutrients and other chemicals to be distributed around the plant, and without it trees would not be able to grow as large as they do. Tr... |
Asymptotic series Formal definition Asymptotic_growth > Formal definition First we define an asymptotic scale, and then give the formal definition of an asymptotic expansion. If φ n {\displaystyle \ \varphi _{n}\ } is a sequence of continuous functions on some domain, and if L {\displaystyle \ L\ } is a limit point of ... |
SAP IQ SAP HANA for operational reporting with SAP IQ for big data processing (NLS) SAP_IQ > In-memory data fabric > SAP HANA for operational reporting with SAP IQ for big data processing (NLS) In this scenario, SAP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) data goes into SAP HANA which acts as an operational data store for i... |
History of the Haber process A new approach History_of_the_Haber_process > A new approach I know exactly what the steel industry can do. We should risk it." In July 1909, BASF employees came to check on Haber's success again: the laboratory equipment fixed the nitrogen from the air, in the form of liquid ammonia, at a ... |
Secondary hypothyroidism Causes Secondary_hypothyroidism > Causes After women give birth, about 5% develop postpartum thyroiditis which can occur up to nine months afterwards. This is characterized by a short period of hyperthyroidism followed by a period of hypothyroidism; 20–40% remain permanently hypothyroid.Autoimm... |
Organization design Five principles of good design Organizational_design > Design > Five principles of good design Specialization principle - the primary concern in the specialization principle how to group responsibilities into units. The unit boundaries should be defined to achieve the important benefits available. C... |
Global optimisation Heuristics and metaheuristics Global_optimization > Heuristics and metaheuristics Other approaches include heuristic strategies to search the search space in a more or less intelligent way, including: Ant colony optimization (ACO) Simulated annealing, a generic probabilistic metaheuristic Tabu searc... |
Epigenetic regulation of neurogenesis Parkinson’s disease Epigenetic_regulation_of_neurogenesis > Epigenetic dysregulation and neurological disorders > Parkinson’s disease As mitochondria plays a role in the development of the PD, further research into the area will help uncover any implications that mitochondrial DNA ... |
Reactive oxygen Endogenous sources Reactive_oxygen_intermediate > Sources of ROS production > Endogenous sources To cope with this natural source of ROS, the steroidogenic tissues, ovary and testis, have a large concentration of antioxidants such as vitamin C (ascorbate) and β-carotene and anti-oxidant enzymes.If too m... |
Vaccine Generations of vaccines Delivery_system > History > Generations of vaccines These are subunit vaccines, consisting of specific protein antigens (such as tetanus or diphtheria toxoid) or recombinant protein components (such as the hepatitis B surface antigen). They can generate TH and antibody responses, but not... |
Common octopus Osmoregulation Common_octopus > Physiology > Osmoregulation The fact that the organism can maintain hypoionic concentrations suggests not only that a form of ionic regulation exists within cephalopods, but also that they also actively excrete certain ions such as potassium and sulfate to maintain homeost... |
Architectural conservation Agents of Deterioration Architectural_conservation > Agents of Deterioration Physical forces also include shocks and vibrations that can damage the fragile structure of the building, such as vibrations stemming from construction or large events. Building restoration and damage prevention can ... |
Boom/bust cycle Cycles or fluctuations? Boom/bust_cycle > Identifying > Cycles or fluctuations? At the same time, the presence of nominal restrictions in price setting behavior might impact the short-term course of inflation.In recent years economic theory has moved towards the study of economic fluctuation rather than... |
A Boy and His Atom Creation A_Boy_and_His_Atom > Creation "This movie is a fun way to share the atomic-scale world," said project leader Andreas J. Heinrich. "The reason we made this was not to convey a scientific message directly, but to engage with students, to prompt them to ask questions." In addition, the research... |
Alkene metathesis Applications Alkene_metathesis > Applications Rhenium and molybdenum catalysts are used. Nowadays, only the reverse reaction, i.e., the conversion of ethylene and 2-butene to propylene is industrially practiced, however. Shell higher olefin process (SHOP) produces (alpha-olefins) for conversion to det... |
Alternating harmonic series Analyzing algorithms Harmonic_series_(mathematics) > Applications > Analyzing algorithms The quicksort algorithm for sorting a set of items can be analyzed using the harmonic numbers. The algorithm operates by choosing one item as a "pivot", comparing it to all the others, and recursively so... |
Glossary of genetics (M–Z) T Glossary_of_genetics_(M–Z) > T Like the transcriptome, it is often used as a proxy for quantifying levels of gene expression, though the transcriptome also includes many RNA molecules that are never translated. translocation A type of chromosomal abnormality caused by the structural rearran... |
Quantum Bayesianism Technical developments and reconstructing quantum theory Quantum_Bayesianism > Technical developments and reconstructing quantum theory P ( D j ) {\displaystyle P(D_{j})} is the probability that an agent assigns for obtaining outcome D j {\displaystyle D_{j}} on her second of two planned measurement... |
Cane sugar Metabolism of sucrose Cane_sugar > Consumption > Metabolism of sucrose In humans and other mammals, sucrose is broken down into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, by sucrase or isomaltase glycoside hydrolases, which are located in the membrane of the microvilli lining the duodenum. The re... |
Magnetic field lines Magnetic field of permanent magnets Magnetic_vector > Magnetic field of permanent magnets The monopole model has no experimental support. The Amperian loop model explains some, but not all of a material's magnetic moment. The model predicts that the motion of electrons within an atom are connected ... |
Ferromagnetic material Magnetized materials Ferromagnetism > Explanation > Magnetized materials Thus, a piece of iron in its lowest energy state ("unmagnetized") generally has little or no net magnetic field. However, the magnetic domains in a material are not fixed in place; they are simply regions where the spins of ... |
Spoiler (car) Active spoilers Spoiler_(car) > Active spoilers Often the driver can manually deploy the spoiler if desired, but may not be able to retract the spoiler above a certain speed because doing so could dangerously diminish the high-speed handling qualities of the vehicle. Active spoilers can offer additional b... |
Op code mnemonic Current usage Assembler_code > Use of assembly language > Current usage Programs that need to use processor-specific instructions not implemented in a compiler. A common example is the bitwise rotation instruction at the core of many encryption algorithms, as well as querying the parity of a byte or th... |
Hirschman uncertainty Summary Hirschman_uncertainty A tighter bound, was conjectured by Hirschman and Everett, proven in 1975 by W. Beckner and in the same year interpreted as a generalized quantum mechanical uncertainty principle by Białynicki-Birula and Mycielski. The equality holds in the case of Gaussian distributi... |
Inorganic chemical reaction Synthetic inorganic chemistry Inorganic_chemical_reaction > Synthetic inorganic chemistry Volatile compounds and gases are manipulated in "vacuum manifolds" consisting of glass piping interconnected through valves, the entirety of which can be evacuated to 0.001 mm Hg or less. Compounds are ... |
Computational Fluid Dynamics Hierarchy of fluid flow equations Computational_fluid_mechanics > Hierarchy of fluid flow equations Furthermore, assume that this perturbation f ′ {\displaystyle f'} is very small in comparison with some reference value. Finally, assume that f 0 {\displaystyle f_{0}} satisfies "its own" equ... |
Polymer fractionation Literature Polymer_fractionation > Literature M.J.R Cantow Polymer Fractionation Academic Press, New York (1967) L.H. Tung Fractionation of Synthetic Polymers Marcel Dekker, New York (1977) F. Francuskiewicz Polymer Fractionation Springer, Berlin (1994) R. Koningsveld, L.D. Kleintjens, H. Geerisse... |
Congestive heart disease Summary ESC_algorithm Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome, a group of signs and symptoms, caused by an impairment of the heart's blood pumping function. Symptoms typically include shortness of breath, excessive fatigue, and leg swelling. The shortness... |
Tokenization (data security) Difference from encryption Tokenization_(data_security) > Difference from encryption In many situations, the encryption process is a constant consumer of processing power, hence such a system needs significant expenditures in specialized hardware and software.Another difference is that toke... |
History of biotechnology Genetic engineering History_of_biotechnology > Genetic engineering The origins of biotechnology culminated with the birth of genetic engineering. There were two key events that have come to be seen as scientific breakthroughs beginning the era that would unite genetics with biotechnology. One w... |
Autoreactive lymphocyte Association with COVID-19 Reactive_lymphocyte > Causes > Association with COVID-19 The presence of Downey cells were observed in many COVID-19 cases, together with the atypical plasmacytoid lymphocytes (which could be one of the less usual atypical lymphocyte types).Some observations even sugges... |
Constructive development (biology) Constructive development and evolution Constructive_development_(biology) > Constructive development and evolution Therefore, ‘plasticity-led evolution’ reduces to the standard evolutionary explanation of natural selection acting on genetic variation. Conversely, ‘plasticity-led evolu... |
Geometry of Complex Numbers Topics Geometry_of_Complex_Numbers > Topics The book is divided into three chapters, corresponding to the three parts of its subtitle: circle geometry, Möbius transformations, and non-Euclidean geometry. Each of these is further divided into sections (which in other books would be called cha... |
Computer representation of surfaces Visualization and display Computer_representation_of_surfaces > Visualization and display Surfaces may be displayed in many ways: Wireframe mode. In this representation the surface is drawn as a series of lines and curves, without hidden-line removal. The boundaries and flow lines (i... |
Indeterminism Prigogine Indeterminism > Science > Prigogine This led to the field of statistical mechanics and the realization that gases undergo irreversible processes. In deterministic physics, all processes are time-reversible, meaning that they can proceed backward as well as forward through time. As Prigogine expl... |
Chaos Theory Other areas Classical_chaos > Applications > Other areas The various phase trajectory plots and spectral analyses, on the other hand, do not match up well enough with the other graphs or with the overall theory to lead inexorably to a chaotic diagnosis. For example, the phase trajectories do not show a def... |
Agent-based models 1970s and 1980s: the first models Multiple-agent_system > History > 1970s and 1980s: the first models One of the earliest agent-based models in concept was Thomas Schelling's segregation model, which was discussed in his paper "Dynamic Models of Segregation" in 1971. Though Schelling originally used ... |
RocketMotorOne Vehicle description RocketMotorOne > Design > Vehicle description All can be controlled manually. See the separate section below concerning the rocket engine. The reaction control system is the only way to control spacecraft attitude outside the atmosphere. |
Autoinflammatory diseases Persistent macrophage activation Autoinflammatory_diseases > Mechanisms of the origin > Persistent macrophage activation This macrophage activation can be caused by increased activity of intracellular sensor NLRC4 and subsequent constitutive NLRC4 inflammasome activation. The macrophage activa... |
Balanced circuit Balance and symmetry Balanced_circuit > Balance and symmetry A balanced circuit will normally show a symmetry of its components about a horizontal line midway between the two conductors (example in figure 3). This is different from what is normally meant by a symmetrical circuit, which is a circuit sho... |
Apprenticeship learning Mapping function approach Apprenticeship_learning > Mapping function approach Mapping methods try to mimic the expert by forming a direct mapping either from states to actions, or from states to reward values. For example, in 2002 researchers used such an approach to teach an AIBO robot basic so... |
Ritz method Applications in mechanical engineering Ritz_method > Applications in mechanical engineering Thus, if we knew the mode shape Y ( x ) {\displaystyle Y(x)} , we would be able to calculate A {\displaystyle A} and B {\displaystyle B} , and in turn get the eigenfrequency. However, we do not yet know the mode sh... |
Acidosis Summary Acidosis The rate of cellular metabolic activity affects and, at the same time, is affected by the pH of the body fluids. In mammals, the normal pH of arterial blood lies between 7.35 and 7.50 depending on the species (e.g., healthy human-arterial blood pH varies between 7.35 and 7.45). Blood pH values... |
Euler's summation formula The formula Euler's_summation_formula > The formula If m and n are natural numbers and f(x) is a real or complex valued continuous function for real numbers x in the interval , then the integral can be approximated by the sum (or vice versa) (see rectangle method). The Euler–Maclaurin formula ... |
Direct policy search Inverse reinforcement learning Direct_policy_search > Comparison of reinforcement learning algorithms > Inverse reinforcement learning In inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), no reward function is given. Instead, the reward function is inferred given an observed behavior from an expert. The idea i... |
Forced vibration Testing Vibration_testing > Testing Vibration testing is accomplished by introducing a forcing function into a structure, usually with some type of shaker. Alternately, a DUT (device under test) is attached to the "table" of a shaker. Vibration testing is performed to examine the response of a device u... |
Bilateral Laplace transform Relationship to the Fourier transform Two-sided_Laplace_transform > Relationship to the Fourier transform The Fourier transform can be defined in terms of the two-sided Laplace transform: F { f ( t ) } = F ( s = i ω ) = F ( ω ) . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}\{f(t)\}=F(s=i\omega )=F(\omega )... |
Breech block Rotating bolt Breechblock > Variants > Rotating bolt With the breech locked, an initial rearward movement of the bolt carrier causes the bolt to rotate and unlock. Similarly, when closing the breech, the final forward movement of the carrier causes the bolt to rotate and lock the breech. This action is com... |
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response Relationship to inflammatory bowel disease Mitochondrial_unfolded_protein_response > Relationship to inflammatory bowel disease Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis) have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in the intestinal epithelium. I... |
Cryptococcal disease Cryptococcal meningitis Cryptococcosis > Cryptococcal meningitis Cryptococcal meningitis (infection of the meninges, the tissue covering the brain) is believed to result from dissemination of the fungus from either an observed or unappreciated pulmonary infection. Often there is also silent dissemi... |
Hund's rules Summary Hund's_rules In atomic physics, Hund's rules refers to a set of rules that German physicist Friedrich Hund formulated around 1925, which are used to determine the term symbol that corresponds to the ground state of a multi-electron atom. The first rule is especially important in chemistry, where it... |
Stem-cell niche Hematopoietic stem cell niche Stem_cell_niche > Examples > Vertebrate adult stem cell niches > Hematopoietic stem cell niche Vertebrate hematopoietic stem cells niche in the bone marrow is formed by cells subendosteal osteoblasts, sinusoidal endothelial cells and bone marrow stromal (also sometimes call... |
Factorial number system Fractional values Factorial_number_system > Fractional values In the following selection of examples, spaces are used to separate the place values, otherwise represented in decimal. The rational numbers on the left are also in decimal: 1 / 2 = 0.0 1 ! {\displaystyle 1/2=0.0\ 1_{!}} |
Expected satiety Measurement Expected_satiety > Measurement A conceptually similar alternative is to use a 'method of adjustment'. Participants are shown a picture of a standard food next to a picture of a comparison food. Using specialist software, participants change the size of the comparison portion using keyboard ... |
Donor atom Summary Complex_compound A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compou... |
Reward system Learning Reward_system > Learning Rewarding stimuli can drive learning in both the form of classical conditioning (Pavlovian conditioning) and operant conditioning (instrumental conditioning). In classical conditioning, a reward can act as an unconditioned stimulus that, when associated with the condition... |
Geochemical research Cycles Geochemical_research > Cycles For a given component C, if the input to a reservoir is a constant a and the output is kC for some constant k, then the mass balance equation is This expresses the fact that any change in mass must be balanced by changes in the input or output. On a time scale o... |
Dynamic priority scheduling Summary Dynamic_priority_scheduling Dynamic priority scheduling is a type of scheduling algorithm in which the priorities are calculated during the execution of the system. The goal of dynamic priority scheduling is to adapt to dynamically changing progress and to form an optimal configurati... |
Redox (operating system) Components Redox_(operating_system) > Components Redox provides packages (memory allocator, file system, display manager, core utilities, etc.) that together make up a functional operating system. Redox relies on an ecosystem of software written in Rust by members of the project. Redox kernel –... |
RNR4 Summary RNR4 RNA, ribosomal 4, also known as RNR4, is a human gene. |
Paper capacitor Inductance (ESL) and self-resonant frequency Types_of_capacitor > Electrical characteristics > Inductance (ESL) and self-resonant frequency The self-resonant frequency is the lowest frequency at which the impedance passes through a minimum. For any AC application the self-resonant frequency is the highe... |
Cryptography standards Hash standards Cryptography_standards > Hash standards MD5 128-bit (obsolete) SHA-1 160-bit (obsolete) SHA-2 available in 224, 256, 384, and 512-bit variants HMAC keyed hash PBKDF2 Key derivation function (RFC 2898) |
RNA hydrolysis Possible applications RNA_hydrolysis > Possible applications Researchers are developing and using various applications for RNA hydrolysis that can be carried out in a controlled way. Applications include the use of ribozymes in gene therapy to control gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes, and to in... |
Lorentz ether theory Aether Lorentz_ether_theory > Principles and conventions > Aether And those who are not of this opinion can legitimately retain the old one in order not to disturb their old habits, I believe, just between us, that this is what they shall do for a long time to come." Also Lorentz argued during his ... |
Tryptophan operon leader Summary Tryptophan_operon_leader The Tryptophan operon leader is an RNA element found at the 5′ of some bacterial tryptophan operons. The leader sequence can form two different structures known as the terminator and the anti-terminator, based on the Tryptophan amounts in the cell. The leader al... |
Social behavior Biological correlates Social_behavior > Neural and biological correlates of social behavior > Biological correlates Along with neural correlates, research has investigated what happens within the body (and potentially modulates) social behavior. Vasopressin is a posterior pituitary hormone that is seen ... |
Kinematic quantity Siano's extension: orientational analysis Dimension_(physical_quantity) > Geometry: position vs. displacement > Siano's extension: orientational analysis Siano distinguishes between geometric angles, which have an orientation in 3-dimensional space, and phase angles associated with time-based oscilla... |
Dancing links Main ideas Dancing_links > Implementation > Main ideas The idea of DLX is based on the observation that in a circular doubly linked list of nodes, x.left.right ← x.right; x.right.left ← x.left; will remove node x from the list, while x.left.right ← x; x.right.left ← x; will restore x's position in the lis... |
Kalman decomposition Summary Kalman_decomposition In control theory, a Kalman decomposition provides a mathematical means to convert a representation of any linear time-invariant (LTI) control system to a form in which the system can be decomposed into a standard form which makes clear the observable and controllable c... |
Finite difference Newton's series Calculus_of_finite_differences > Newton's series The Newton series consists of the terms of the Newton forward difference equation, named after Isaac Newton; in essence, it is the Gregory–Newton interpolation formula (named after Isaac Newton and James Gregory), first published in his ... |
Physiomics Modelling and simulation software Physiomics > Research applications > Modelling and simulation software Collaborative physiomics research is promoted in part by the open availability of bioinformatics software such as simulation programs and modelling environments. There are many institutions and research g... |
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