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Business Statistics Significance Statistical_methodology > Methods > Inferential statistics > Terminology and theory of inferential statistics > Significance Although these are produced from the same calculations as those of hypothesis tests or p-values, they describe both the size of the effect and the uncertainty sur... |
Fisher's exact test Controversies Fisher's_exact_test > Controversies It is possible to obtain an exact p-value for the 2×2 table when the margins are not held fixed. Barnard's test, for example, allows for random margins. |
Multiseat desktop virtualization Introduction Multiseat_desktop_virtualization > Introduction It is commonly known that modern day PCs are extremely powerful and have substantial excess CPU processing power. In fact, most desktop applications do not use the multi-core capabilities of today's CPUs. When an application i... |
Porocyte Summary Porocyte Porocytes are tubular cells which make up the pores of a sponge known as ostia. |
Sliding window protocol Summary Sliding_window_protocol The paradigm is similar to a window sliding sideways to allow entry of fresh packets and reject the ones that have already been acknowledged. When the receiver verifies the data, it sends an acknowledgment signal, or "ACK", back to the sender to indicate it can se... |
Antituberculous drug Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis Tuberculostatic_drug > Standard regimen > Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis In these situations, all that is required is re-assurance. Steroids may be useful in resolving the swelling, especially if it is painful, but they are unnecessary. Additional antibiotics are unnecess... |
Eigenface Summary Eigenface The eigenfaces themselves form a basis set of all images used to construct the covariance matrix. This produces dimension reduction by allowing the smaller set of basis images to represent the original training images. Classification can be achieved by comparing how faces are represented by ... |
Transcription factors Accessibility of DNA-binding site Gene_transcription_factor > Regulation > Accessibility of DNA-binding site In eukaryotes, DNA is organized with the help of histones into compact particles called nucleosomes, where sequences of about 147 DNA base pairs make ~1.65 turns around histone protein octa... |
Faà di Bruno's formula Example Faà_di_Bruno's_formula > Example 1 ! + ( f ( 2 ) ∘ g ) g ( 1 ) 1 ! 1 ! |
Surface stress Thermodynamics of surface stress Surface_stress > Thermodynamics of surface stress Then surface stress can be expressed as: f i j = γ δ i j + ∂ γ / ∂ e i j {\displaystyle f_{ij}=\gamma \delta _{ij}+\partial \gamma /\partial e_{ij}} Where δij is the Kronecker delta and eij is elastic strain tensor. Differ... |
Antenna proteins Summary Light-harvesting_complexes_of_green_plants The light-harvesting complex (or antenna complex; LH or LHC) is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants and cyanobacteria, which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction cent... |
Benzyne Nucleophilic additions to arynes Benzyne_mechanism > Reactions of arynes > Nucleophilic additions to arynes In case of triple bond located between C2 and C3, electron withdrawing (EWG) substituents, e.g. CF3, will direct the nucleophile addition to place carbanion as close as possible to EWG. However, electron ... |
Partial index Summary Partial_index In databases, a partial index, also known as filtered index is an index which has some condition applied to it so that it includes a subset of rows in the table. This allows the index to remain small, even though the table may be rather large, and have extreme selectivity. Suppose yo... |
Six Sigma Over-reliance on statistics Six_Sigma > Criticism > Over-reliance on statistics More direct criticism is the "rigid" nature of Six Sigma with its over-reliance on methods and tools. In most cases, more attention is paid to reducing variation and searching for any significant factors, and less attention is pai... |
Third derivative Summary Third_derivative In calculus, a branch of mathematics, the third derivative or third-order derivative is the rate at which the second derivative, or the rate of change of the rate of change, is changing. The third derivative of a function y = f ( x ) {\displaystyle y=f(x)} can be denoted by d 3... |
Fat embolism Pathophysiology Fat_embolism > Pathophysiology Since venous blood returns to the right heart and is pumped to the lungs for reoxygenation, the fat globules often get lodged in the pulmonary circulation. Fat globules may also pass through lung circulation back into the left ventricle of the heart to be pump... |
Non-standard RAID levels Unraid Non-standard_RAID_levels > Unraid Unraid is a proprietary Linux-based operating system optimized for media file storage. Unfortunately Unraid doesn't provide information about its storage technology, but some say its parity array is a rewrite of the mdadm module. Disadvantages include cl... |
Carathéodory function Summary Carathéodory_function In mathematical analysis, a Carathéodory function (or Carathéodory integrand) is a multivariable function that allows us to solve the following problem effectively: A composition of two Lebesgue-measurable functions does not have to be Lebesgue-measurable as well. Nev... |
Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model Division and nature of working memory Atkinson-Shiffrin_memory_model > Criticism > Division and nature of working memory Baddeley and Hitch have in turn called to question the specific structure of the short-term store, proposing that it is subdivided into multiple components. While the d... |
Interpretability (machine learning) Goals Inscrutable_artificial_intelligence > Goals In another 2017 system, a supervised learning AI tasked with grasping items in a virtual world learned to cheat by placing its manipulator between the object and the viewer in a way such that it falsely appeared to be grasping the obj... |
Intel i860 Performance Intel_i860 > Performance The entire i860 design was based on the compiler efficiently handling this task, which proved almost impossible in practice. While theoretically capable of peaking at about 60-80 MFLOPS for both single precision and double precision for the XP versions, manually written a... |
Sieve analysis Engineering applications Sieve_analysis > Engineering applications Gradation is usually specified for each engineering application it is used for. For example, foundations might only call for coarse aggregates, and therefore an open gradation is needed. Sieve analysis determines the particle size distrib... |
Surface hopping Summary Surface_hopping Surface hopping is a mixed quantum-classical technique that incorporates quantum mechanical effects into molecular dynamics simulations. Traditional molecular dynamics assume the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, where the lighter electrons adjust instantaneously to the motion of t... |
History of entropy Statistical thermodynamic views History_of_entropy > Statistical thermodynamic views Schrödinger used the Boltzmann equation in a different form to show increase of entropy S = k B ln D {\displaystyle S=k_{\rm {B}}\ln D\!} where D is the number of possible energy states in the system that can be ra... |
Antikythera mechanism Proposed gear schemes Antikythera_mechanism > Reconstruction efforts > Proposed gear schemes They suggested that rather than accurate planetary indication (rendered impossible by the offset inscriptions) there would be simple dials for each individual planet, showing information such as key events... |
FokI DNA-binding domain FokI > DNA-binding domain The recognition domain contains three subdomains (D1, D2 and D3) that are evolutionarily related to the DNA-binding domain of the catabolite gene activator protein which contains a helix-turn-helix. |
Hash table Hash function Hash_table > Hash function , m − 1 } {\displaystyle h:U\rightarrow \{0,...,m-1\}} to array indices or slots within the table for each h ( x ) ∈ 0 , . . . , m − 1 {\displaystyle h(x)\in {0,...,m-1}} where x ∈ S {\displaystyle x\in S} and m < n {\displaystyle m |
State space (physics) Quantum Mechanics State_space_(physics) > Quantum Mechanics Having an nonzero component along multiple dimensions is called a superposition. These state vectors, using Dirac's bra–ket notation, can often be treated like coordinate vectors and operated on using the rules of linear algebra. This Dir... |
Synthetic hormones Summary Hormonal_medication Some hormones, such as insulin and growth hormones, can be released into the bloodstream already fully active. Other hormones, called prohormones, must be activated in certain cells through a series of steps that are usually tightly controlled. The endocrine system secrete... |
Index of chemical engineering articles R Index_of_chemical_engineering_articles > R Rate equation -- Reverse osmosis -- |
S phase Summary S_phase S phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved. |
Ischemic injury Occlusion Ischemic_injury > Causes > Occlusion The thrombi may dislodge and may travel anywhere in the circulatory system, where they may lead to pulmonary embolus, an acute arterial occlusion causing the oxygen and blood supply distal to the embolus to decrease suddenly. The degree and extent of sympto... |
Doppler imaging History Doppler_imaging > History Doppler imaging was first used to map chemical peculiarities on the surface of Ap stars. For mapping starspots it was first used by Steven Vogt and Donald Penrod in 1983, when they demonstrated that signatures of starspots were observable in the line profiles of the act... |
Prokaryotic DNA replication Elongation Prokaryotic_DNA_replication > Elongation Heading towards the replication fork, the leading strand is synthesized in a continuous fashion, only requiring one primer. On the other hand, the lagging strand, heading away from the replication fork, is synthesized in a series of short f... |
Internet of Everything Manufacturing Internet_Of_Things > Applications > Industrial > Manufacturing The IoT can connect various manufacturing devices equipped with sensing, identification, processing, communication, actuation, and networking capabilities. Network control and management of manufacturing equipment, asset... |
Chemical Science Subdisciplines Molecular_chemistry > Practice > Subdisciplines Physical chemistry has large overlap with molecular physics. Physical chemistry involves the use of infinitesimal calculus in deriving equations. It is usually associated with quantum chemistry and theoretical chemistry. |
Continuous Integration Automate the build Continuous_Integration > Common practices > Automate the build A single command should have the capability of building the system. Many build tools, which have existed for many years like make, and other more recent tools are frequently used in continuous integration environmen... |
Faulhaber's formula Relationship to Riemann zeta function Bernoulli's_formula > Relationship to Riemann zeta function Using B k = − k ζ ( 1 − k ) {\displaystyle B_{k}=-k\zeta (1-k)} , one can write If we consider the generating function G ( z , n ) {\displaystyle G(z,n)} in the large n {\displaystyle n} limit for ℜ ( z... |
Edward Flatau Migraine and headaches Edward_Flatau > Scientific accomplishments > Migraine and headaches In 1912, he published in German and Polish one of the first modern monographs in the 20th century about migraine headaches which is still referenced in scientific literature. It was the first Polish textbook devoted... |
Young's syndrome Summary Young's_syndrome Young's syndrome, also known as azoospermia sinopulmonary infections, sinusitis-infertility syndrome and Barry-Perkins-Young syndrome, is a rare condition that encompasses a combination of syndromes such as bronchiectasis, rhinosinusitis and reduced male fertility. In individua... |
Race hazard Sequential Consistency for Data Race Freedom Race_hazard > In software > Example definitions of data races in particular concurrency models > Sequential Consistency for Data Race Freedom However, its use does allow a programmer to reason about the possible behaviors of a program in a simple way; the behavio... |
Transistor beta Amplifiers Bipolar_Junction_Transistor > Applications > Amplifiers The transistor parameters α and β characterize the current gain of the BJT. It is this gain that allows BJTs to be used as the building blocks of electronic amplifiers. The three main BJT amplifier topologies are: Common emitter Common b... |
Therapeutic hypothermia Mechanism Therapeutic_hypothermia > Mechanism In general, cell death is not directly caused by oxygen deprivation, but occurs indirectly as a result of the cascade of subsequent events. Cells need oxygen to create ATP, a molecule used by cells to store energy, and cells need ATP to regulate intr... |
Optical device History Optical_physicist > History This work led to a theory of diffraction for light and opened an entire area of study in physical optics. Wave optics was successfully unified with electromagnetic theory by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s.The next development in optical theory came in 1899 when Max P... |
A* algorithm Optimality and consistency A*_search_algorithm > Properties > Optimality and consistency This result does not hold if A*'s heuristic is admissible but not consistent. In that case, Dechter and Pearl showed there exist admissible A*-like algorithms that can expand arbitrarily fewer nodes than A* on some non... |
VSim Visualization VSim > Visualization Vorpal output files can be visualized within VSimComposer. Plots include those for particle data, field data, and simulation geometry, with lineouts for inspecting critical variations. The visualization within VSimComposer is accomplished by embedding the powerful VisIt tool, whi... |
Hagia Sophia Hurrem Sultan Bathhouse Architecture Hagia_Sophia_Hurrem_Sultan_Bathhouse > Architecture There are toilets, roofed with three domes, on one side of the cool room, with a shaving room on the other side A door leads into the cross-shaped hot room, which has four loggias with fountains in the corners, and fou... |
Relativistic quantum mechanics Quantum theory and applications in general Relativistic_quantum_mechanics > Further reading > Quantum theory and applications in general (2002). Relativistic Electronic Structure Theory - Fundamentals. Theoretical and Computational Chemistry. |
"grill" method Top sheet "grill"_method > Grill > Top sheet Rejewski states, "If permutation S actually were the identity, then ... for a particular we would obtain the same value for all expressions Q and in this way we would find the setting of drum N. Permutation S does exist, however, so for no will the expressio... |
Topological continuity Definition in terms of limits of functions Left_continuous > Real functions > Definition > Definition in terms of limits of functions Third, the value of this limit must equal f ( c ) . {\displaystyle f(c).} (Here, we have assumed that the domain of f does not have any isolated points.) |
RNA silencing Three prime untranslated regions and microRNAs RNA_silencing > Background > Three prime untranslated regions and microRNAs Three prime untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) often contain regulatory sequences that post-transcriptionally cause RNA interference. Such 3'-UTRs often contain b... |
Church–Turing thesis Later developments Church–Turing_thesis > History > Later developments "In the late 1990s Wilfried Sieg analyzed Turing's and Gandy's notions of "effective calculability" with the intent of "sharpening the informal notion, formulating its general features axiomatically, and investigating the axioma... |
Zion (The Matrix) Religious meaning Zion_(The_Matrix) > Religious meaning Stephen Faller writes in his 2004 book Beyond the Matrix that Christianity is the most dominant religious theme in the Matrix films and that "Zion is biblically regarded as the city of God". The 2005 book Philosophers Explore the Matrix writes th... |
Matrix completion Summary Matrix_completion Without any restrictions on the number of degrees of freedom in the completed matrix this problem is underdetermined since the hidden entries could be assigned arbitrary values. Thus we require some assumption on the matrix to create a well-posed problem, such as assuming it ... |
Specific entropy Carnot cycle Entropy > Definitions and descriptions > Carnot cycle In fact, an entropy change in the both thermal reservoirs per Carnot cycle is also zero since that change is simply expressed by reverting the sign of each term in the equation (3) according to the fact that, for example, for heat trans... |
Game without a value Game value Game_without_a_value > Game value The payoff function of Sion and Wolfe's example is not semicontinuous. However, it may be made so by changing the value of K(x, x) and K(x, x + 1/2) (the payoff along the two discontinuities) to either +1 or −1, making the payoff upper or lower semiconti... |
Gene–environment correlation Definition Gene–environment_correlation > Definition Three causal mechanisms giving rise to gene–environment correlations have been described. (i) Passive gene–environment correlation refers to the association between the genotype a child inherits from their parents and the environment in w... |
Planar Separator Theorem Divide and conquer algorithms Planar_Separator_Theorem > Applications > Divide and conquer algorithms Rerooting single-source distances: The distances from r {\displaystyle r} in G {\displaystyle G} are transformed into nonnegative lengths, and again Dijkstra's algorithm is used to compute dist... |
Flow distribution in manifolds Summary Flow_distribution_in_manifolds The relationship of pressure drop, flow rate and flow resistance is described as Q2 = ∆P/R. f = 64/Re for laminar flow where Re is the Reynolds number. |
Cholesterol embolism Tissue diagnosis Cholesterol_embolism > Diagnosis > Tissue diagnosis The microscopic examination of tissue (histology) gives the definitive diagnosis. The diagnostic histopathologic finding is intravascular cholesterol crystals, which are seen as cholesterol clefts in routinely processed tissue (em... |
Molecular modification The position of the water solubilizing group Structural_modification > Modification for water solubility > The position of the water solubilizing group In order to preserve the type of activity exhibited by the lead compound, the water solubilizing group should be attached to a part of the struct... |
Manfred Morari Summary Manfred_Morari in Chemical Engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1977. Dr. Morari held positions at the University of Wisconsin, Madison from 1977–1983, the California Institute of Technology from 1983-1991, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich ETH Zurich. He is consi... |
Hydrogen bacteria Sources of hydrogen Hydrogen_bacteria > Sources of hydrogen It can be coupled with O2, in oxidative respiration (2H2 + O2 → 2H2O), or with oxidized compounds, such as carbon dioxide or sulfate.In an ecosystem, hydrogen can be produced through abiotic and biological processes. The abiotic processes are... |
Word recognition Role of technology Word_recognition > Real world applications > Role of technology Improvements in technology have greatly contributed to advances in the understanding and research in word recognition. New word recognition capabilities have made computer-based learning programs more effective and relia... |
Telomerase RNA component Function Telomerase_RNA > Function Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. This repeat does vary across eukaryotes (see the table on the telomere article for a complete list). The enzyme consists of a protein component... |
History of calculus Legacy History_of_calculus > Newton and Leibniz > Legacy Today, both Newton and Leibniz are given credit for independently developing the basics of calculus. It is Leibniz, however, who is credited with giving the new discipline the name it is known by today: "calculus". Newton's name for it was "th... |
Health risk assessment Limitations Health_risk_assessment > Limitations The limitations of a HRA are largely related to its usage and it is important to recognise that a HRA highlights health risks but does not diagnose disease and should not replace consultation with a medical or health practitioner. |
Bogoliubov transformation Diagonalizing a quadratic Hamiltonian using matrix description Bogoliubov_transformation > Unified matrix description > Diagonalizing a quadratic Hamiltonian using matrix description Bogoliubov transformation lets us diagonalize a quadratic Hamiltonian H ^ = ( a † b † ) H ( a b ) {\displaystyl... |
Positive feedback Terminology Positive_feedback > Terminology Black had trouble convincing others of the utility of his invention in part because confusion existed over basic matters of definition. ": 121 These confusions, along with the everyday associations of positive with 'good' and negative with 'bad', have led ma... |
Refractory metals Advantages and shortfalls Refractory_metal > Advantages and shortfalls The high-temperature creep strain of alloys must be limited for them to be used. The creep strain should not exceed 1–2%. An additional complication in studying creep behavior of the refractory metals is interactions with environme... |
Key strengthening Strength and time Key_strengthening > Strength and time CPU-bound hash functions are still vulnerable to hardware implementations. Such implementations of SHA-1 exist using as few as 5,000 gates, and 400 clock cycles. With multi-million gate FPGAs costing less than $100, an attacker can build a fully ... |
Internet Layer Relation to OSI model Internet_Layer > Relation to OSI model Because the internet layer of the TCP/IP model is easily compared directly with the network layer (layer 3) in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocol stack, the internet layer is often improperly called network layer. |
Periodic properties The nucleus and its surrounding electrons Periodic_Table > Atomic structures of the elements > The nucleus and its surrounding electrons Two more, thorium and uranium, have isotopes undergoing radioactive decay with a half-life comparable to the age of the Earth. The stable elements plus bismuth, th... |
Gene signature Summary Gene_signature A gene signature or gene expression signature is a single or combined group of genes in a cell with a uniquely characteristic pattern of gene expression that occurs as a result of an altered or unaltered biological process or pathogenic medical condition. This is not to be confused... |
Hemorrhagic shock Differential diagnosis Hemorrhagic_shock > Diagnosis > Differential diagnosis While hemorrhage is the most common cause of shock in the trauma patient, other causes of shock are to remain on the differential. Obstructive shock can occur in the setting of tension pneumothorax and cardiac tamponade. The... |
Thyrotoxic hypokalaemic periodic paralysis Mechanism Thyrotoxic_periodic_paralysis > Mechanism For instance, increased carbohydrate intake leads to increased insulin levels; this is known to activate Na+/K+-ATPase. Once the precipitant is removed, the enzyme activity returns to normal levels. It has been postulated tha... |
Star schema Dimension tables Star_schema > Model > Dimension tables Dimension tables usually have a relatively small number of records compared to fact tables, but each record may have a very large number of attributes to describe the fact data. Dimensions can define a wide variety of characteristics, but some of the m... |
Viral marketing Metrics Viral_marketing > Methods and metrics > Metrics There are numerous indicators that can be used in this context as a function of marketers' objectives. Some of them include the most known online and social media statistics such as number and quality of shares, views, product reviews, and comments... |
Resource sustainability Environmental and economic dimensions Ecological_sustainability > Interactions between dimensions > Environmental and economic dimensions Biodiversity, along with pollination and fertile soils, are examples. Others are clean air, clean water, and regulation of climate systems. Weak sustainabilit... |
Archimedes constant Polygon approximation era Archimedes'_constant > History > Polygon approximation era Italian author Dante apparently employed the value 3 + 2 10 ≈ 3.14142 {\textstyle 3+{\frac {\sqrt {2}}{10}}\approx 3.14142} .The Persian astronomer Jamshīd al-Kāshī produced nine sexagesimal digits, roughly the equi... |
Bending strength Introduction Bending_strength > Introduction When an object is formed of a single material, like a wooden beam or a steel rod, is bent (Fig. 1), it experiences a range of stresses across its depth (Fig. 2). At the edge of the object on the inside of the bend (concave face) the stress will be at its max... |
Arterial blood gas Guidelines Arterial_blood_gas > Sampling and analysis > Guidelines A 1 mmHg change in PaCO2 above or below 40 mmHg results in 0.008 unit change in pH in the opposite direction. The PaCO2 will decrease by about 1 mmHg for every 1 mEq/L reduction in below 24 mEq/L A change in of 10 mEq/L will result ... |
Dry land Resource depletion Dry_land > Environmental issues > Resource depletion Although humans have used land for its natural resources since ancient times, demand for resources such as timber, minerals, and energy has grown exponentially since the Industrial Revolution due to population growth. : 34 When a natural r... |
Silencer (genetics) Summary Silencer_(genetics) With transcription blocked, the translation of RNA into proteins is impossible. Thus, silencers prevent genes from being expressed as proteins.RNA polymerase, a DNA-dependent enzyme, transcribes the DNA sequences, called nucleotides, in the 3' to 5' direction while the co... |
Human anatomy Physiology Human_Physiology > Physiology These interact to maintain homeostasis, keeping the body in a stable state with safe levels of substances such as sugar and oxygen in the blood.Each system contributes to homeostasis, of itself, other systems, and the entire body. Some combined systems are referred... |
Data dimension Summary Dimension_table A dimension is a structure that categorizes facts and measures in order to enable users to answer business questions. Commonly used dimensions are people, products, place and time. (Note: People and time sometimes are not modeled as dimensions.) In a data warehouse, dimensions pro... |
Multidimensional empirical mode decomposition Principal component analysis (PCA) or empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF) Multidimensional_empirical_mode_decomposition > Ensemble empirical mode decomposition > Multi-dimensional ensemble empirical mode decomposition. > Principal component analysis (PCA) or empiri... |
Software Assurance Techniques Software_Assurance > Techniques Software testing and verification are techniques used to identify and address defects and vulnerabilities in software code. There are several types of testing and verification techniques, including functional testing, performance testing, and security testin... |
Johannes Kepler Works Johannes_Kepler > Works 1993. Paperback ISBN 3-406-01639-1. Vol. |
Glossary of artificial intelligence A Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence > A action model learning An area of machine learning concerned with creation and modification of software agent's knowledge about effects and preconditions of the actions that can be executed within its environment. This knowledge is usually rep... |
Working Memory Localization in the brain Working_Memory > In the brain > Localization in the brain Evidence from decoding studying employing multi-voxel-pattern-analysis of fMRI data showed the content of visual working memory can be decoded from activity patterns in visual cortex, but not prefrontal cortex. This led t... |
Simulation of production systems Flight Simulation_of_production_systems > More examples of simulation > Flight Flight simulation is mainly used to train pilots outside of the aircraft. In comparison to training in flight, simulation-based training allows for practicing maneuvers or situations that may be impractical (... |
Insulin-like growth factor IGF receptors Insulin_growth_factor > IGF receptors The IGFs are known to bind the IGF-1 receptor, the insulin receptor, the IGF-2 receptor, the insulin-related receptor and possibly other receptors. The IGF-1 receptor is the "physiological" receptor. IGF-1 binds to it at significantly higher... |
Object-relational impedance mismatch SQL-Specific Impedance and Workarounds Object-relational_impedance_mismatch > Contention > SQL-Specific Impedance and Workarounds OO code (Java and .NET respectively) extend them and are invokeable in SQL as fluently as if built into the DBMS. Reusing library routines across multipl... |
Hopfield neural network Learning rules Hopfield_neural_network > Training > Learning rules There are various different learning rules that can be used to store information in the memory of the Hopfield network. It is desirable for a learning rule to have both of the following two properties: Local: A learning rule is l... |
Quantum Machine Learning Fully quantum machine learning Quantum_Machine_Learning > Machine learning with quantum computers > Fully quantum machine learning (This also relates to work on quantum pattern matching.) The problem of learning unitary transformations can be approached in a similar way.Going beyond the specifi... |
Programmed instruction The two main systems of programmed learning Programmed_instruction > Programmed learning arrives > The two main systems of programmed learning Crowder's system was to set multiple choice questions in the text, and provide feedback for each of the alternatives. Examples of this method show that th... |
Spherical mean Properties and uses Spherical_mean > Properties and uses From the continuity of u {\displaystyle u} it follows that the function is continuous, and that its limit as r → 0 {\displaystyle r\to 0} is u ( x ) . {\displaystyle u(x).} Spherical means can be used to solve the Cauchy problem for the wave equati... |
OpenMP Clauses OpenMP > Core elements > Clauses lastprivate: like private except original value is updated after construct. reduction: a safe way of joining work from all threads after construct.Synchronization clauses critical: the enclosed code block will be executed by only one thread at a time, and not simultaneous... |
Glossary of string theory P Glossary_of_string_theory > P Short for periodic, a boundary condition on strings (as opposed to A for antiperiodic). 3. Pseudoscalar (current) 4. |
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